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Govt. of Tripura, Agartalal _ fiém1+,..-...- 1'i—|- .. _-_ ----"‘-\-- - _‘ TRIBAL HEALTH Issue, Challenges & Way Forward Dr. Jayanta Choudhury %%_figEm m____gmma$9 _m__________m_______r_W _%_______‘____m_ ____ TRIBAL RESEARCH AND CULTURAL INSTITUTE GOVERNMENT OF TRIPURA Tribal Health : Issues, Challenges & Way Forward Dr. Jayanta Choudhury TRIBALRESEARCHAND CULTURALINSTITUTE GOVERNMENT OFTREPURA,AGARTALA 1 Phone : 0381 2324389 , e-mail : [email protected], web : wwvv.trci.tripura.g0v.in @ Tribal Research and Cultural Institute Government ofTripura, Agartala First Published : September, 2018 ISBN: 978-93-86707-23-9 Cover Design : Pushpal Deb Type & Setting : Dhruba Debnath Price : Rs. 300/- Printed by : New Quick Prim‘, 11 Jagannathbari Road, Agartala. Ph .' 9436129362 e-mail : newqm'ckprz'[email protected] . V _ ii - Contents Message vii Foreword ix Preface xi List of Contributors xvii Theme-1 : Reproductive Child Health (RCH) & Mother and Child Health (MCH) 1-62 1. Utilisation of Antenatal Care Services among Adi tribe in rural Arunachal Pradesh:A case study of Mebo sub division — Apilang Apum and Dr. Lijum Nochi 2 2. Mental Health and Family Characteristics of School-going Tribal Students in Tripura: An Empirical Study —Dr.Haradhan Saha & Dhruba Caran Hota 16 3. Anthropometric Measurements of Tripuri School Children of South Tripura —Prasanta Deb & P.C.Dhara 24 4. Infant and Child Mortality in Tribal peoples in North-East India — Suman Das 36 5. Tribal Health: An Empirical Study of Maternal & Child Health at Dhalai District of Tripura, India —Arindam Saha, Dr. Supratim Biswas & Dr. Achyut Chandra Baishya 42 6. A Review on the Status of Tribal Health in Tripura with Special Reference to Women and Children —Daniel Debbarma 52 Theme - 2 : General Health & Poverty 63-95 7. Economic Stability of Tribal Women in Tripura And Recovery of their Health Problem —Dr. Bimal Chandra Pal 64 8. Impact of Poverty on Health Status of the Tribals of Tripura —H. Theresa Darlong & Hiraxmi Deb Barma 70 9. Status of Tribal Health in Odisha: Issues and Challenge —Dr. Rajshree Dutta 82 10. A Study of Normal Growth Pattern of Urban Tribal Boys of Tripura — Dr. Uma Sinha & Dr. S.K. Nag 90 iii Theme -3 : Water, Sanitation, Environment, Education & Health 96-152 11. A Study on Education and Health Status of Tribal People in Tripura —Dr. Swapna Biswas & Mr. Daniel Debbarma 98 12. A Study on Education and Health Status of Tribal People in Tripura —Dr. Swapna Biswas & Mr. Daniel Debbarma 112 13. Open Defecation is a Serious Menace to Child Health —Nilimanka Das 116 14. Tribal Youth in India: The Scenario of Mental Health and Wellbeing —Rebeka Debbarma & Dr. Anjana Bhattacharjee 122 15. Education and Health Scenario of Tea Tribes of Assam with special reference to Barak Valley —Dr (Mrs) Jhumpa Dey & Sekhar Kanti Sarkar 128 16. Impact of Education in Nutritional Health: A Comparative Study of Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe Women in Silchar Town, Assam —Rajiya Shahani & Kakoli Choudhury 138 17. Education And Health Awareness Among the Tribals of Tripura State —Sanat Kumar Mallick 146 Theme -4 : Food Security, Nutrition and Health 153-194 18. Role of Healthy And Nutrational Forest Products On Tribal People: A Study On Tribal Markets In West Tripura District —Sharmistha Chakraborty & Bijita Sen 154 19. Massive Death of Infant in a Tribal Village: Pivotal Force for accelerating health care services through ‘Village Health & Nutrition Day’ in Convergence Mode —Dr. Supratim Biswas, Mr. Arindam Saha & Dr. Achyut Chandra Baishya162 20. CNS Depressant Activity of Young Stem of Melocanna Baccifera: A Traditional Tribal Food Ingredient —Uma Namasudra, Biplab De, Debabrata Bhaumik & Ranjib Ghosh, Lakshman Das 168 21. Prevalence of Malnutrition among Rural Tribal Adolescent boys of Tripura —Sandeep Roy Sarkar & Samir Kumar Sil 172 22. Nutritional Status of Adolescent Tripuri Boys of Agartala —Manoj Nath, Somnath Gangopadhyay & Rituparna Bhowmik 178 23. Upper Arm Anthropometric Status among the adults of the Mishing Tribe of Assam —Debashis Basu 184 iv Theme -5 : Traditional Ethno Medicine & Ethno Botany 195-221 24. Lack of Ethics in Medical Practices of India —Sujit Debnath 196 25. Ethno Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indigenous Tribal Medicine Practitioners of Sepahijala District of Tripura and Improvement of Tribal Health Status —Rupajit Das 200 26. Traditional Medicines of Tribals of Tripura —Happy Majumder 210 27. Ethno-medicinal Practices among the Reang Tribes of Tripura —Dr. Nanigopal Debnath & Dr.Deepak Upadhyaya 214 Theme -6 : Occupational Health Hazard, Health Insurance & Health Care Practices222-293 28. Knowledge, Awareness and Attitude of the Towards HIV AIDS among Bodo Community in Assam —Chinmoy Misra 224 29. Regional Disparities on the Performance of National Rural Health Mission: A Case Study in Mizoram —Prof. S.C.Srivastava & Rosalyn S. Bunghai 234 30. Reproductive Health Awareness among Bodo Women of Assam —Dr. Rajiya Shahani & Mwina Brahma 246 31. Automated Segmentation Challenges in Detection of Cervical Cancer in the Tribals of Tripura —Abhishek Das & Dipanwita Banerjee 254 32. Person with Disability among Scheduled Tribes - A Glimpse — Solanki Debnath & Dr. Jayanta Choudhury 258 Conclusion : 275-292 33. Tribal Health in Tripura: Status, Challenges and Way Forward — Dr. Jayanta Choudhury & Moutoshi Deb 276 v . Message It is well recognized that improvement in the health status of population is both an important means of increasing productivity and economic growth as well as an end in itself. The importance of improvements in health is also acknowledged in the Sustainable Development Goals of the UNDP, which calls for a dramatic reduction in poverty and improvements in health, especially of the poor. In India, with its vast majority of poor population, ensuring the good health of the people is a challenging task. Tribal people constitute a significant proportion in population of India and cultural pattern varies from tribe to tribe and region to region. More over cultural settings, eco-system, magico-religious beliefs and treatment etc. influence tribal health and health seeking behaviours. Since independence various plans, programmes have been taken to improve the health status of Tribal people but, in reality, in many parts of India they suffers from chronic infections and diseases out of which water borne diseases are life threatening. Under this back ground an International Seminar on “Tribal Health: Issues, Challenges & Opportunities” was held on 6-7 April, 2015 organized by Centre for Rural Studies (CRS), Department of Rural Management and Development, Tripura University in collaboration with Tribal Research and Cultural Institute, Government of Tripura. Many renowned academicians, dignitaries and policy makers participated the seminar and presented their valuable papers. Present edited volume is the outcome of the seminar and hope it will be immense helpful for the readers, researchers and policy makers. I congratulate Dr. Choudhury and wish a grand success of the present volume. Shri. Sunil Debbarma Director Place: Agartala Tribal Research and Cultural Institute, Date: 08 / 08/ 2018 Government of Tripura vii . Foreword Improving tribal health requires remedying two major factors of underdevelopment: overcoming social discriminations which the tribal community in India as in Tripura suffers from; and tackling the problem of lack of health care which in some ways can be considered to have reached crisis proportions in India and is even more acute among tribals. Therefore addressing tribal health and its twin conundrums presents a daunting challenge to development practitioners which is the subject of this collection of papers presented at the International Seminar on Tribal health organized by the Centre for Rural Studies, Tripura University in April 2015. If inclusive and sustainable
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