DOCSLIB.ORG

GC Analysis of Glycols in Toothpaste Using Agilent J&W DB-Wax Ultra Inert Capillary GC Columns

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
GC Analysis of Glycols in Toothpaste Using Agilent J&W DB-Wax Ultra Inert Capillary GC Columns GC Analysis of Glycols in Toothpaste Using Agilent J&W DB-Wax Ultra Inert Capillary GC Columns Application Note Flavors and Fragrances, Consumer Products Author Abstract Yun Zou This application note demonstrates the excellent inertness performance of Agilent Technologies, Ltd an Agilent J&W DB-Wax Ultra Inert GC column in the analysis of glycols in Shanghai toothpaste. DB-Wax UI columns provide better column durability and more consistent analytical results compared with other PEG stationary phase GC columns. Introduction Typical toothpaste formulas are composed of various components including abrasives, fluoride, detergents, and a list of US-FDA approved flavors and sweeteners. Common moisturizers and sweeteners in toothpaste are propylene glycol, sorbitol, and glycerin. Diethylene glycol (DEG) is an organic solvent often used in antifreeze [1,2], and unfortunately is chemically similar to propylene glycol and glycerin. DEG is classified as a toxic material, and has been indicated as a contributor in multiple systemic disorders leading to acute kidney failure and death [3]. DEG has physical and chemical properties close to the properties of glycerin and propylene glycol. Commercially, both glycerin and propylene glycol are more expensive than DEG. This facilitates the illegal use of DEG as a counterfeit substitute for glycerin in some nations, where it is sold as a component in cough syrup and toothpaste. DEG is synthesized from the reaction of ethylene oxide with ethylene glycol, therefore, DEG can contain ethylene glycol (EG), a toxic impurity [4]. The US-FDA is concerned about potential risks from chronic exposure to DEG. There is also a concern, in certain populations, of DEG exposure to children and individuals with kidney or liver disease. DEG in toothpaste has a low but meaningful risk of toxicity and injury. The US-FDA has issued a recommended method to determine the levels of DEG and EG in toothpastes [5]. Low levels of DEG, EG, 1,2-propanediol, 1, 3-propanediol, and Performance test sample glycerin were tested in this method. Due to the chemical Low standard, 0.1 mg/mL of each analyte including properties of these compounds, particularly the multiple 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol (internal standard), DEG, EG, active hydroxyl (-OH) functional groups, their peaks often and glycerin was prepared in 50% (v/v) aqueous acetonitrile. exhibit tailing when analyzed using traditional polyethylene glycol (PEG) stationary phase GC columns. Inertness of the Sample preparation column is important to achieve consistent and reliable results. Agilent J&W DB-Wax Ultra Inert columns are engineered for Matrix blank better peak shapes, and are rigorously tested with demanding Approximately 1.0 g of toothpaste was weighed into a 15 mL probes to verify best-in-class inertness. This application note polypropylene centrifuge tube. demonstrates the use of J&W DB-Wax Ultra Inert columns in the analysis of the active compounds in toothpaste with Five milliliters of water was added, then vortexed for 1 minute. GC/MSD. It also compares the performance with PEG Foam started to appear, and 2 × 2.5 mL of acetonitrile columns from other suppliers. was added to suppress the foam. The sample was mixed thoroughly, and centrifuged at 4,000 rpm for 10 minutes. Then, Experimental 0.50 mL of the supernatant was transferred to an autosampler vial, to which 0.05 mL of the internal standard was added. The sample preparation was carried out according to the Spiked sample US FDA method [5]. The toothpaste sample was obtained from a local supermarket. Approximately 1.0 g of toothpaste was weighed into a 15 mL polypropylene centrifuge tube. Then, 0.20 mL of mixed Chemicals and reagents standard was added. The rest of the procedure was followed as previously described. All reagents and solvents were HPLC or analytical grade. Acetonitrile (ACN) was from J&K Scientific (Beijing, China). Water was from J. T. Baker. Chemicals including Instrumentation 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, ethylene glycol (EG), Table 1 shows the instruments and conditions, and Table 2 diethylene glycol (DEG), and glycerin were from ANPEL lists the consumable supplies flow path. Scientific Instrument Co. Ltd (Shanghai, China). Table 1. Conditions. Solutions and standards Parameter Value Internal standard (IS) GC system Agilent 7890B GC with an Agilent 5977A Series GC/MSD A 1, 3-propanediol solution was prepared at 5.0 mg/mL in System Column Agilent J&W DB-Wax UI, 30 m × 0.25 mm, 0.25 µm 50% (v/v) aqueous acetonitrile. (p/n 122–7032UI) Wax columns from other suppliers, Mixed standard 30 m × 0.25 mm, 0.25 µm Tubing Agilent Ultimate Plus deactivated FS tubing, DEG and EG were prepared in 50% (v/v) aqueous acetonitrile 5 m × 0.25 mm (p/n CP802505) to give 5.0 mg/mL of each component. Autosampler Agilent 7683B autosampler and sample tray, 5 µL syringe (p/n G4513-80213), 1 µL injection volume Low standards Carrier gas Helium, 35 cm/s constant flow mode The mixed standard was diluted to 0.1 mg/mL of each Inlet Split/splitless, 250 °C, split ratio 20:1 analyte, and 0.50 mL of this standard was transferred to Oven 100 °C (1 min) to 250 °C at 10 °C/min (hold 4.00 min) the autosampler vial, followed by the addition of 0.05 mL of MSD Agilent 5977A Series GC/MSD System internal standard. Solvent delay 4.0 min MS temp 230 °C (source), 150 °C (quad) High standards Transfer Line 250 °C The mixed standard was diluted to 0.5 mg/mL of each MS EI, Scan mode, Scan 29–400 amu analyte, and 0.50 mL of this standard was transferred to the autosampler vial, followed by the addition of 0.05 mL of internal standard. 2 Table 2. Flow path supplies. commonly used as industrial solvents and in antifreeze solutions. DEG and EG should not be found in toothpaste Parameter Value formulations. 1,2-propanediol is a related compound, and Vials Amber, write-on spot, certified, 2 mL, screw top vial packs (p/n 5182–0554) glycerin is a common component found in toothpaste. Septa Nonstick BTO septa (p/n 5183–4757) 1,3-propanediol is used as an internal standard (IS) according to the US-FDA method. Due to the multiple active hydroxyl Column nut Self-tightening, inlet/detector (p/n 5190–6194) Self-tightening, for MS interface (p/n 5190–5233) (-OH) functional groups in these compounds, traditionally Internal nut CFT capillary fitting (p/n G2855-20530) it has been quite challenging to achieve good peak shape. Union Ultimate union (p/n G3182-60581) Figure 1 shows the symmetrical peak shapes for these active Ferrules 15% graphite: 85% Vespel, short, 0.4 mm id, for compounds at 0.1 mg/mL. This symmetry indicates the high 0.1 to 0.25 mm columns (10/pk, p/n 5181–3323) level of inertness of the J&W DB-Wax Ultra Inert GC column. UltiMetal Plus Flexible Metal, for 0.1 to 0.25 mm columns (10/pk, p/n G3188-27501) The US-FDA method uses a 30 m × 0.25 mm, 0.25 µm Wax Liner Agilent Ultra Inert split liner with glass wool (p/n 5190–2295) column with a 5 m guard column to evaluate the presence of Inlet seal Ultra Inert, gold-plated, with washer (p/n 5190–6144) DEG and EG at 1 mg/g (0.1 % by weight) and above. A 5 m × 0.25 mm Agilent Ultimate Plus deactivated FS tubing was used as a guard column connected with an Results and Discussion Agilent DB-Wax Ultra Inert 30 m × 0.25 mm, 0.25 µm GC column in this application. Low (0.1 mg/mL) and high The purpose of these tests was to evaluate the inertness standards (0.5 mg/mL) were analyzed using GC/MSD in full performance of Agilent J&W DB-Wax Ultra Inert columns scan mode with an Agilent J&W DB-Wax UI GC column and relative to Wax columns from other suppliers, using a typical a DB-Wax UI GC column attached to a 5 m guard column. The toothpaste analysis. DB-Wax UI GC column with guard column delivered similar symmetrical peak shape and response of EG and DEG as a Toothpaste analysis single DB-Wax UI GC column when analyzing low and high standards. This is a result of the advanced Agilent inert flow Glycerin and propylene glycol (PG) are widely used in path technology. 1,3-propanediol is a challenging compound, toothpaste. Glycerin, PG, DEG, and EG have similar physical but the peak exhibited relatively little tailing on a DB-Wax UI properties, such as sweetness and viscosity, which facilitates GC column with the guard column in-line. the adulteration process. DEG and EG are target compounds for this analysis, because they are known poisons that are ×105 40 35 30 55 Diethylene glycol 20 1,2-Propanediol 15 1,3-Propanediol (IS) Glycerin Ethylene glycol 10 5 6 78910 11 12 13 Time (min) Figure 1. GC/MS total ion chromatogram of analytes and related compounds at a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL. Performed on an Agilent J&W DB-Wax Ultra Inert, 30 m × 0.25 mm, 0.25 μm GC column. 3 Figure 2 compares the results observed with and without the guard column installed on a DB-Wax Ultra Inert 30 m × 0.25 mm, 0.25 µm GC column. Agilent DB-Wax UI column + Agilent Ultimate Plus deactivated FS tubing Agilent DB-Wax UI column + Agilent Ultimate Plus deactivated FS tubing ×105 ×105 50 A B DEG 1,3-Propanediol (IS) 80 Low standards High standards 40 60 1,3-Propanediol (IS) 30 EG 40 20 DEG EG 10 20 0 0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.5 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.5 Time (min) Time (min) Agilent DB-Wax UI column Agilent DB-Wax UI column ×105 1,3-Propanediol (IS) ×105 50 C D DEG 80 Low standards High standards 40 60 1,3-Propanediol (IS) 30 EG 40 20 DEG EG 10 20 0 0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.5 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.5 Time (min) Time (min) Figure 2.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • WHITE LABEL PRODUCT INGREDIENTS All the Information You Need When Creating Your Own Label Artwork
    WHITE LABEL PRODUCT INGREDIENTS All the information you need when creating your own label artwork. SPRAY TAN SOLUTION - LIGHT - 8% DHA INGREDIENTS: Aqua (Water), Dihydroxyacetone, Alcohol, Hamamelis Virginiana (Witch Hazel) Leaf Extract, Propylene Glycol, Caramel, Phenoxyethanol, Caprylyl Glycol, Potassium Sorbate, Hexylene Glycol, Polysorbate 20, Xanthan Gum, Glycerin, T-Butyl Alcohol, Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil, Beta Vulgaris (Beet) Root Extract, Panthenol, Solanum Lycopersicum (Tomato) Fruit Extract, Vaccinium Macrocarpon (Cranberry) Fruit Extract, Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C), Tocopheryl Acetate (Vitamin E), Theobroma Cacao (Cocoa) Seed Butter, Rosa Canina (Rose Hip) Fruit Oil, Glycine Soja (Soybean) Oil, Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) Fruit Extract, Brucine Sulfate, Yellow 5 (CI 19140), Green 5 (CI 61570), Red 40 (CI 16035), Red 33 (CI 17200), Blue 1 (CI 42090), Yellow 6 (CI 15985) SPRAY TAN SOLUTION - MEDIUM - 10% DHA INGREDIENTS: Aqua (Water), Dihydroxyacetone, Alcohol, Hamamelis Virginiana (Witch Hazel) Extract, Propylene Glycol, Caramel, Phenoxyethanol, Caprylyl Glycol, Potassium Sorbate, Hexylene Glycol, Polysorbate 20, Xanthan Gum, Glycerin, T-Butyl Alcohol, Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil, Beta Vulgaris (Beet) Root Extract, Panthenol, Solanum Lycopersicum (Tomato) Fruit Extract, Vaccinium Macrocarpon (Cranberry) Fruit Extract, Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C), Tocopheryl Acetate (Vitamin E), Theobroma Cacao (Cocoa) Seed Butter, Rosa Canina (Rose Hip) Fruit Oil, Glycine Soja (Soybean) Oil, Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) Fruit
    [Show full text]
  • Comparison of Ethylene Glycol and Propylene Glycol Based Aircraft
    Comparison of Ethylene Glycol- and Propylene Glycol-Based Aircraft Deicing Fluids Agenda • Executive Summary • Chemistry • Operational Properties (for the aircraft) o Freezing Point (efficiency) o Lowest Operational Use Temperature o Holdover Time and Allowance Times • Mammalian Toxicity o Operator Precautions • Environmental Toxicity o Aquatic Toxicity o Air Emissions / Vapor Pressure o Biodegradation Executive Summary • Both ethylene glycol- (EG) and propylene glycol- (PG) based aircraft deicing fluids (ADFs) consist of the base glycol plus water and additives • Operationally, EG-based fluids perform better: • Less EG is required to produce the same freezing point than PG. • Lower viscosity means EG-based fluids provide better aerodynamic performance at colder temperatures. • As a result, EG-based fluids have superior Holdover Times (HOTs) compared to PG-based fluids, as presented by the SAE G-12 HOT Committee in May 2017. • Mammalian Toxicity • EG and PG both have low to moderate acute toxicity. • If ingested in a large, single oral dose, EG is more toxic to mammals than PG. • Oral dosing is an unlikely route of exposure during deicing. • History in Canada, where EG fluids have been used safely for many years, confirms operator procedures can appropriately manage this risk. Executive Summary • Environmental Properties • EG-based fluids in concentrated form generally demonstrate better aquatic toxicity than PG-based fluids; however, both are non-toxic. • Mixtures of EG-based ADFs exhibit less air emissions than PG based fluids.1 • Both EG and PG are biodegradable in the environment and neither bio accumulates. • PG has higher Theoretical Oxygen Demand and requires a higher usage concentration than PG fluids.
    [Show full text]
  • PROPYLENE GLYCOL from GLYCERIN (December 2007)
    Abstract Process Economics Program Report 262 PROPYLENE GLYCOL FROM GLYCERIN (December 2007) A variety of economic, environmental and technical factors have encouraged industry attention on producing industrial chemicals from bio-feedstocks, rather than from crude oil derivatives. One such example is producing propylene glycol (PG) from glycerine (GLY), rather than the conventional routes starting with propylene monomer. Propylene glycol has historically been produced in commercial quantities either via the chlorohydrin process or by peroxidation, both using propylene monomer as the starting material. Both routes produce propylene oxide (PO) as an intermediate chemical, which is then hydrated to propylene glycol. The peroxidation routes have evolved from those processes (Arco Chem/Lyondell, Repsol, Shell, BASF) producing a significant amount of by-product (PO/styrene monomer, PO/tertiary butyl alcohol, PO/ methyl tertiary butyl ether), to more recent processes developed by Solvay, Dow and BASF that eliminate the by-product by using hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizing agent. As of 2007, Degussa has announced the design and construction of a commercial scale PG plant using glycerine as its feedstock. Other companies have announced processes to use glycerine to produce polyols and epichlorohydrin. The combination of high crude oil prices and governmental subsidies to produce biofuels (bio-ethanol, bio-diesel) have resulted in an enormous increase in bio-diesel production, resulting in a glut of by-product glycerine (which represents 10% of biodiesel mass). As a result, glycerine market prices have fallen from $US 2/kg down to fuel value ($US 200/mt), or less. The low cost of glycerine combined with the high price of PG offers an opportunity to develop industrial scale processes converting glycerine to propylene glycol.
    [Show full text]
  • Boiling Points of the Propylene Glycol + Glycerol System at 1 Atmosphere Pressure: 188.6–292 °C Without and with Added Water Or Nicotine
    Portland State University PDXScholar Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations Chemistry 2018 Boiling Points of the Propylene Glycol + Glycerol System at 1 Atmosphere Pressure: 188.6–292 °c Without and with Added Water or Nicotine Anna K. Duell Portland State University, [email protected] James F. Pankow Portland State University, [email protected] Samantha M. Gillette Portland State University, [email protected] David H. Peyton Portland State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/chem_fac Part of the Chemistry Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Citation Details Duell, A. K., Pankow, J. F., Gillette, S. M., & Peyton, D. H. (2018). Boiling points of the propylene glycol + glycerol system at 1 atmosphere pressure: 188.6-292 °C without and with added water or nicotine. Chemical Engineering Communications, 205(12), 1691–1700. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 00986445.2018.1468758 This Post-Print is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. 1 1 Full title: 2 Boiling Points of the Propylene Glycol + Glycerol System 3 at 1 Atmosphere Pressure: 188.6 to 292 °C 4 Short title: 5 Boiling Points: Propylene Glycol + Glycerol 6 7 Anna K. Duell, 1 James F. Pankow,1,2 David H. Peyton1,3 8 1Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, 97207, United States of 9 America 10 2Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, 11 Oregon, 97207, United States of America 12 3Corresponding author 13 E-mail: [email protected] (DP) 14 Phone number: 503-725-3875 15 16 Abstract 17 In electronic cigarettes (“electronic nicotine delivery systems”, ENDSs), mixtures of propylene 18 glycol (PG) and/or glycerol (GL; aka “vegetable glycerin”, VG) with nicotine are vaporized to 19 create a nicotine-containing aerosol.
    [Show full text]
  • Propylene Glycol
    PROPYLENEGLYCOL ____________________Name ____________________________________________DateDate alsocalled…methylethylglycol , propane-1,2-diol , 1,2-propanediol ,2-hydroxypropanol , 1,2-dihydroxypropane , isopropyleneglycol ,and E1520 . Whatisit? Propyleneglycolisusedasasofteningagent,solvent,moisturizer,preservativeor vehicleinmanypersonalproducts,medications,andindustry. Wheremightitbefound? Heattransferfluid Householdcleaningproducts Moisturizinglotion,cream Hydraulicpressfluid Make-up(foundation,concealer, Industrialsolvents lipstick,lipliner,lipbalm, Insecttrapcontents gloss,mascara,eyeliner) Paint,enamel,stain,deckcoat,varnish Hairproducts(shampoo,gel, Paintballingredient conditioner,color,minoxidil) Petshampoo,spray,deodorizer Soap,cleanser,bodywash Photographicchemical Bubblebath,showergel Pitfalltrapforgroundbeetles Handsanitizer,handcleaner Plasticizer,polyesterandalkydresins Moisttowelettes,babywipes Polyurethanecushions Toothpaste,toothwhiteners Printingfountaininksolution,rollerwash Mouthwash,coldsoreremedy Tiresealant Shavingcream,aftershavegel Tobaccohumectant,cigarhumidor Antiperspirant,deodorant Transcutaneous-nervestimulatorgel Cuticleremover Ultraviolettattooink Salinesolution Wallpaperstripper,drywallprimer Personallubricant Waterproofing,cracksealant Sunscreen,massageoil Treatmentforathletesfoot,itch, PGisinmanyprescriptions : acne,yeast,earache Most cortisone creams,ointments,lotions,gels Clindamycingel,sol’nKeralytGel OtherPossibleExposures: Dovonexsolution Ketoconazolecr,foam Aircraftde-icingfluid Efudexcream,sol’nMetronidazolegel
    [Show full text]
  • Propylene Glycol Dinitrate (PGDN) As an Explosive Taggant
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials ISSN 1733-7178; e-ISSN 2353-1843 Copyright © 2016 Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry, Poland Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater., 2016, 13(3), 627-640; DOI: 10.22211/cejem/65007 Propylene Glycol Dinitrate (PGDN) as an Explosive Taggant Hichem FETTAKA,* Michel H. LEFEBVRE Laboratory for Energetic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Royal Military Academy, Av. De la Renaissance 30, 1000 Brussels, Belgium * E-mail: h−[email protected] Abstract: Propylene Glycol Dinitrate (PGDN) is a liquid nitrate ester explosive which has been used as a gelatinating agent in some energetic formulations. The aim of the present work was to assess whether PGDN could be used as a detection taggant. The PGDN was synthesized in the laboratory using laboratory grade propylene glycol (PG). The purity of the synthesized PGDN was assessed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). A study of the thermal decomposition of PGDN was carried out using both DSC and thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry analysis (TG/MS) methods. The gases produced during thermal decomposition were identified by mass spectrometry and the influence of the heating rate was investigated. The duality of DSC-TGA was highlighted by studying the complementarity between these two methods. Vapour pressure and enthalpy of vaporisation of PGDN were considered as the foremost taggant characteristics, and were estimated using TGA and taking benzoic acid as the reference. The vapour pressure of PGDN at ambient temperature is 2.54 Pa, therefore the PGDN could be a good candidate as a detection taggant compared to other explosive taggants (Nitroglycerin, EGDN, DMNB and PDCB).
    [Show full text]
  • Propylene Glycol Cetearyl Alcohol Cyclopentasiloxane, Behentrimoni
    Express Miracle Silk Leave In * Ingredients: Aqua (Water/Eau) Propylene Glycol Cetearyl Alcohol Cyclopentasiloxane, Behentrimonium Chloride Quaternium-80 Fragrance/Parfum Panthenol, Hydrolyzed Silk, Morus Alba Leaf Extract, Elaeis Guineensis (Palm) Oil, Linalool, Benzyl Salicylate Limonene, Hydroxycitronellal, Butylphenyl Methylpropional, Eugenol, Coumarin Isoeugenol, Citral, Hexyl Cinnamal, Benzyl Alcohol, Benzyl Benzoate, Amyl Cinnamal, Geraniol Methylchloroisothiazolinone, Methylisothiazolinone Citric Acid. Express Miracle Silk Shampoo * Ingredients: Water/Aqua/Eau, Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate, Sodium Lauryl Sulfocetate, Disodium Laureth Sulfosuccinate, Disodium Laureth Sulfosuccinate, Cocamide MEA, Cocamidopropyl Betaine, Fragrance/Parfum, Decyl Glucoside, Gylcol Distearate, Amodimethicone, Dihydroxypropyl PEG-5 Linoleammonium Chloride, Divinyldimethicone/Dimethicone Copolymer, Glycereth-26, Hydrolyzed Silk, Morus Alba Leaf Extract, Elaeis Guineensis (Palm) Oil, Panthenol, Propylene Glycol, Butylene Gycol, Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Extract, Cinnamidopropyltrimonium Chloride, Glycerin, Lauryl Alcohol, C11-15 Pareth-7, Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride, Polyquatermium-7, C12-13 Pareth-23, C12-13 Pareth-3, Tetrasodium EDTA, Citric Acid, Laureth-9, Trideceth-12, Benzyl Salicylate, Linalool, Methylchloroisothiazolinone, Methylisothiazolinone. Miracle Blowdry Volumizer * Ingredients: Alcohol Denat, Water/Aqua/Eau, VP/VA Copolymer, Vinyl Caprolactam/ VP/ Dimethylaminoethyl Methacrylate Copolymer, Keratin Amino Acids, PEG-12 Dimethicone,
    [Show full text]
  • Ethylene Glycol
    Ethylene Glycol 107-21-1 Hazard Summary Ethylene glycol has many uses, including as antifreeze in cooling and heating systems, in hydraulic brake fluids, and as a solvent. Acute (short-term) exposure of humans to ethylene glycol by ingesting large quantities causes three stages of health effects: central nervous system (CNS) depression, followed by cardiopulmonary effects, and later renal damage. The only effects noted in one study of individuals exposed to low levels of ethylene glycol by inhalation for about a month were throat and upper respiratory tract irritation. Rats and mice chronically (long-term) exposed to ethylene glycol in their diet exhibited signs of kidney toxicity and liver effects. Several studies of rodents exposed orally or by inhalation showed ethylene glycol to be fetotoxic. An epidemiologic study on renal cancer mortality did not find an increased risk for workers exposed to ethylene glycol. EPA has not classified ethylene glycol for carcinogenicity. Please Note: The main sources of information for this fact sheet are EPA's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) (7), which contains information on oral chronic toxicity and the RfD, and the carcinogenic effects of ethylene glycol, and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's Toxicological Profile for Ethylene Glycol and Propylene Glycol. (2) Uses Ethylene glycol is used as antifreeze in cooling and heating systems, in hydraulic brake fluids, as an industrial humectant, as an ingredient of electrolytic condensers, as a solvent in the paint and plastics industries, in the formulations of printers' inks, stamp pad inks, and inks for ballpoint pens, as a softening agent for cellophane, and in the synthesis of safety explosives, plasticizers, synthetic fibers (Terylene, Dacron), and synthetic waxes.
    [Show full text]
  • Detection of Diethylene Glycol in Glycerin and Propylene Glycol by Using High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography HPTLC M.Ph
    IOSR Journal of Pharmacy Vol. 1, Issue 1, Nov.-Dec, 2012, pp. 029-034 Detection of Diethylene Glycol in Glycerin and Propylene Glycol by using high performance thin layer chromatography HPTLC M.Ph. Huda Ghanem, Prof. Mhd Ammar Alkhayat, Prof. Mhd Amer Almardini Department of pharmaceutical chemistry and quality control, College of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Syria Abstract: We were developed analytical method rapid, sensitive and easy to use to detect Diethylene glycol (DEG) in some of excipients: Glycerin, and propylene glycol by using high-performance thin-layer chromatography HPTLC with plate fluorinated: HPTLC Plate silica gel 60 F 254, and with mobile phase: acetone: toluene: 5 M ammonium hydroxide at rates 85: 5:10, respectively. And Use a scanner with wavelength: 325 nm. This method allows the detection and assay of toxic Diethylene glycol in excipients: glycerin and propylene glycol in concentrations of not less than 0.1%. This method was verified the validity of it to conduct all the constitutional requirements. Keywords: Diethylene Glycol (DEG), Propylene Glycol (PG), Glycerin, Ethylene Glycol (EG, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC). Introduction: (DEG( Diethylene Glycol : DEG: ( HO-CH2-CH2-O-CH2-CH2-OH( Diethylene glycol is Organic solvent has many industrial uses (1,2). DEG is classified as toxic material, it causes when dealing with multiple systemic disorders until the occurrence of acute kidney failure and death (3,4,5). Diethylene glycol has physical and chemical properties close to the properties of glycerin and propylene glycol, which is cheaper than both glycerin and propylene glycol, thus forcing some producers and sellers to cheat them with DEG (6,7,2).
    [Show full text]
  • Diethylene Glycol
    Scientific Committee on Consumer Products SCCP OPINION ON Diethylene glycol The SCCP adopted this opinion at its 16th plenary of 24 June 2008 SCCP/1181/08 Opinion on diethylene glycol About the Scientific Committees Three independent non-food Scientific Committees provide the Commission with the scientific advice it needs when preparing policy and proposals relating to consumer safety, public health and the environment. The Committees also draw the Commission's attention to the new or emerging problems which may pose an actual or potential threat. They are: the Scientific Committee on Consumer Products (SCCP), the Scientific Committee on Health and Environmental Risks (SCHER) and the Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR) and are made up of external experts. In addition, the Commission relies upon the work of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), the European Medicines Evaluation Agency (EMEA), the European Centre for Disease prevention and Control (ECDC) and the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). SCCP Questions concerning the safety of consumer products (non-food products intended for the consumer). In particular, the Committee addresses questions related to the safety and allergenic properties of cosmetic products and ingredients with respect to their impact on consumer health, toys, textiles, clothing, personal care products, domestic products such as detergents and consumer services such as tattooing. Scientific Committee members Claire Chambers, Gisela Degen, Ruta Dubakiene, Bozena Jazwiec-Kanyion,
    [Show full text]
  • Ethylene Glycol Vs Propylene Glycol in Energy Recovery Systems
    Ethylene Glycol vs Propylene Glycol In Energy Recovery Systems Background The environmental issues regarding ethylene and propylene glycol became a media topic in the early 1990’s when runoff from aircraft deicing activities was linked to harmful effects on aquatic organisms. Since that time extensive studies have been conducted and conclude that deicing fluid (both ethylene and propylene glycol) are harmful to aquatic organisms for two primary reasons. The principal concern regarding the environmental impacts of glycol entering natural waterways relates to the amount of dissolved oxygen in water being consumed during the decomposition of both ethylene and propylene glycol. Oxygen consumption occurs when bacteria decompose organic materials (including glycols) and use oxygen in the process. This phenomenon can deplete all dissolved oxygen from the water if the rate of decomposition is very high. Ethylene glycol is toxic to aquatic and mammalian organisms. For this reason it is being replaced, for now, by the less toxic propylene glycol for aircraft deicing. However, while ethylene glycol and propylene glycol are both biodegradable, propylene glycol degrades at a slower rate and has a greater biochemical oxygen demand. Thus, propylene glycol will remain in the environment longer than ethylene glycol and will consume more oxygen while it is being broken down. Therefore, it can still be harmful to the environment. Biodegradation Time Period of Ethylene and Propylene Glycol Ethylene Glycol: 10 – 30 days Propylene Glycol: More than 20 – 30 days Hazardous Substance If ingested, ethylene glycol can be fatal to humans and wildlife. For that reason, it is defined as a hazardous substance by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act which is enforced by the USEPA.
    [Show full text]
  • E59 - Propylene Glycol
    001-1501PDG.pdf 1 E59 - PROPYLENE GLYCOL 2 Propylenglycolum 3 4 C3H8O2 Mr 76.1 5 DEFINITION 6 (RS)-Propane-1,2-diol. 7 Content : minimum 99.7 per cent. 8 CHARACTERS 9 Appearance: viscous, clear, colourless, hygroscopic liquid. 10 Solubility: miscible with water and with ethanol (96 per cent). 11 IDENTIFICATION 12 Infrared absorption spectrophotometry. 13 Preparation: as a film between sodium chloride plates. 14 Comparison: propylene glycol reference standard (USP/EP). 15 propylene glycol reference spectrum (JP). 16 TESTS 17 Appearance. 18 It is clear (its clarity is the same as that of water or its opalescence is not more pronounced than that of 19 reference suspension I) and colourless as water or not more intensely coloured than the reference solution. 20 Primary solutions: 21 - Ferric chloride primary solution: a 45.0 g/L solution of ferric chloride (FeCl3, 6H2O). 22 - Cobalt chloride primary solution: a 59.5 g/L solution of cobalt chloride (CoCl2, 6H2O). 23 - Copper sulphate primary solution: a 62.4 g/L solution of copper sulpfate (CuSO4, H2O). 24 25 Reference solution: 26 Immediately before use, mix 3.0 mL of ferric chloride primary solution, 3.0 mL of cobalt chloride primary 27 solution, and 2.4 mL of cupric sulfate primary solution with 1.6 mL of hydrochloric acid (10 g/L HCl). 28 Dilute 1.0 mL of this solution to 100.0 mL with hydrochloric acid (10 g/L HCl). 29 Acidity. maximum 100 mg/l, calculated as CH3COOH. 30 To 50 ml of water, add 1 ml of phenolphthalein solution, then add 0.01 M sodium hydroxide until the 31 solution remains pink for 30 s.
    [Show full text]