Camera & Staging Camera and Staging Framing Medium Shot Close Up Full Shot Cutting from a Medium Shot to a Close-up brings the audience closer to the character’s mind The first time we see extreme close-ups are near the end of the film. They help to bring the audience even closer to the character’s mind. Composition

Rule of thirds

Center framed Camera moves Zoom

• A change in the Focal Length of the lens • Magnification Zoom Shots in Movies Pan / Tilt

• Camera is fixed on a tripod • In a Pan, the camera rotates sideway • In a Tilt, the Camera rotates up and down Return to The Planet of the Apes 1975

Dolly

• When the camera is moved forward or backward, the move is called dolly. • When the camera moves toward the subject, it is called dolly-in • When the camera moves away from the subject, it is called dolly-out To give a true impression of a dolly move, Parallax is needed.

Disney’s Multiplane Camera was invented to create the parallax effect. Track

• Tracking is similar to Dolling • The difference is that in Tracking the camera moves sideway, parallel to the subject • Tracking is often used to follow the character. i.e. The Follow Shot New York Times | Anatomy of a Scene | Son of Saul

http://www.nytimes.com/video/movies/100000004159787/anatomy-of-a-scene-son-of-saul.html? playlistId=100000002420711 Dolly Zoom

• Dolling and Zooming at the same time while maintaining the subject’s screen size • Dolling in and Zooming out • Dolling out and Zooming in Evolution of the Dolly Zoom Crane Shot Crane shots in movies New York Times | Anatomy of a Scene | Enter the Void

http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2010/09/24/movies/enterthevoid-aoas-feature.html# Watch The Canon Fodder Montage The Kuleshov Effect Shot A: Laura enters the woods. Question: “Where is Tom?”

Shot B: Laura stops short a few yards from a clearing. New Question: “What has she found?”

Shot C: Tom and a girl lying naked on a blanket in a clearing. Answer: “Laura has found her brother.” Shot A: Laura enters the woods. Question: “Where is Tom?”

Shot C: Tom and a girl lying naked on a blanket in a clearing. Answer: “Tom is here.” New Question: “Will Laura find Tom?”

Shot B: Laura stops short a few yard from the clearing. Answer: “Laura has found Tom.” Shot C: Tom and a girl lying naked on a blanket in a clearing.

Shot A: A girl enters the woods. Question: “Is this Laura?”

Shot A: Laura stops short a few yard from the clearing. Answer: “This is Laura.” Spatial Continuity

Line of Action

• Like the North direction on a compass, • An imaginary line that helps orient the viewer of the space 180 degree rule

• In order to maintain a consistent spatial continuity • Cameras of all consecutive shots are placed on one side of the Line of Action, within a 180 degree radius Angular Shot Two-Shot Angular Shot Over-the-shoulder Shots Point-of-View Shots Profile Shots