Association for Science in Autism Treatment
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Introduction to Applied Behavior Analysis Glenwood, Inc
Introduction to Applied Behavior Analysis Glenwood, Inc. Teacher Training 2013 We may have gotten into the teaching profession to teach science, music, or foreign language, but pretty soon we discover that, in reality, we are in the profession to teach people. And people have many needs beyond particular content areas. (From Smith, R., (2004). Conscious Classroom Management: Unlocking the Secrets of Great Teaching. Conscious Teaching Publications: Fairfax, CA.) Challenging behavior does not happen randomly. It can be understood. What exactly is “behavior”? Is a behavior “bad” or “good”? Is a behavior learned or innate? Can we always observe every behavior? How is the behavior of a person with an ASD diagnosis different from that of a “neurotypical” person? What is ABA? Applied Behavior Analysis is the systematic application of the principles of behavior to facilitate socially significant behavior change in organisms. ABA relies on consistent data collection and analysis to determine the function of behavior, replacement behaviors to be taught, and the effectiveness of the intervention The Science of ABA Underlying principles and strategies of ABA were derived from the scientific study of behavior. Single case design- each individual case is still studied scientifically in the applied setting Dependent variable- target behavior Independent variable- environmental manipulations ABA as Applied to Autism ABA is the only empirically validated treatment for individuals with Autism at this time (AAP, 2007; Simpson, 2005; Maine Administrator’s Task Force, 2000). A variety of teaching strategies that utilize the principles of ABA have been found to be effective for children with ASDs, but are not limited only to use with children with ASDs. -
Committee Business
IACC Committee Business IACC Full Committee Meeting April 19, 2018 Susan A. Daniels, Ph.D. Director, Office of Autism Research Coordination Executive Secretary, IACC National Institute of Mental Health Thanks to OARC Staff Susan Daniels, Ph.D. Director Oni Celestin, Ph.D. Julianna Rava, M.P.H. Science Policy Analyst Science Policy Analyst Rebecca Martin, M.P.H Matthew Vilnit, B.S. Public Health Analyst Operations Coordinator Angelice Mitrakas, B.A. Jeff Wiegand, B.S. Management Analyst Web Development Manager Karen Mowrer, Ph.D. Science Policy Analyst April is National Autism Awareness Month NIMH Special Event for Autism Awareness Month The Story Behind Julia, Sesame Street’s Muppet with Autism April 9, 2018 • Panel presentation featuring speakers from Sesame Workshop, the nonprofit educational organization behind Sesame Street • Meet-and-greet with a costumed Julia character Archived video available: https://iacc.hhs.gov/meetings/autism- events/2018/april9/sesame- street.shtml#video Autism Awareness Month News • 2018 Presidential Proclamation: President Donald J. Trump Proclaims April 2, 2018, World Autism Awareness Day • 2018 UN Secretary-General Message: António Guterres' Message on World Autism Awareness Day Autism Awareness Month Events • Autism Awareness Interagency Roundtable Indian Health Service April 2, 2018; Bethesda, MD • Empowering Women and Girls with Autism United Nations April 5, 2018; New York, NY Event page: https://www.un.org/en/events/autismday/ Archived video available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tyhm7p8Gr2A -
Inclusive Practices for Neurodevelopmental Research
Current Developmental Disorders Reports https://doi.org/10.1007/s40474-021-00227-z AUTISM SPECTRUM (A RICHDALE AND LH LAWSON, SECTION EDITORS) Inclusive Practices for Neurodevelopmental Research Sue Fletcher-Watson1 & Kabie Brook2 & Sonny Hallett3 & Fergus Murray3 & Catherine J. Crompton4 Accepted: 9 March 2021 # The Author(s) 2021 Abstract Purpose of Review Inclusive research practice is both a moral obligation and a practical imperative. Here we review its relevance to the study of neurodevelopmental diversity in particular, briefly describing a range of inclusive research models and justifying their use. The review itself is inclusively co-authored with three autistic collaborators and community leaders who all have extensive experience of research involvement. Recent Findings Drawing on theoretical arguments and specific exemplar projects, we describe six key considerations in the delivery of inclusive research. These are the following: taking the first steps towards inclusive practice; setting expectations; community-specific inclusion measures; inclusion and intersectionality; the role of empowerment; and knowledge exchange for inclusion. Together, these sections provide an illustrated guide to the principles and process of inclusive research. Summary Inclusive research practice is both beneficial to and a requirement of excellence in neurodevelopmental research. We call for greater engagement in this participatory research agenda from grant-awarding bodies to facilitate not just inclusive but also emancipatory research. Keywords Participatory research . Inclusion . Neurodiversity . Patient and public involvement . Participation Introduction for its use. We then illustrate six key facets of inclusive re- search in neurodevelopment, drawing on our own experiences What Is Inclusive Research Practice? and including illustrative examples from the literature. Arnstein’s ladder of participation [4•] provides a rudimentary Inclusive research takes place with members of the relevant model for thinking about inclusive research practice. -
Virtual Training for Discrete Trial Trainers
Virtual Training for Discrete Trial Trainers Júlía Oddsóttir, Tinna Þuríður Sigurðardóttir, Kamilla Rún Jóhannsdóttir, Berglind Sveinbjörnsdóttir, and Hannes Högni Vilhjálmsson Center for Analysis and Design of Intelligent Agents Reykjavik University {juliao15, tinnats15, kamilla, berglindsv, hannes}@ru.is Abstract. It is important that teaching methods are implemented cor- rectly for children with autism. An interesting alternative to a typical training environment is virtual training. An important aspect of proper training is to provide the trainees with the opportunity to practice their teaching skills while receiving feedback from a supervisor. Unfortunately, due to lack of resources, it is not always possible to provide trainees with these opportunities. An interesting training alternative is to pro- vide hands on opportunities using a virtual reality (VR) setting. With affordable VR technology, a simple training setup allowing the trainee to interact with a virtual child is viable. The aim of the present work is to set up a virtual environment to train a special education teacher in applying a teaching method called discrete trial training. This is work in progress, where the first phase of the project focuses on supporting the method itself and a basic interaction with the virtual child. A compari- son between the virtual and real training environments is planned in the future. 1 Introduction and Motivation Behavior analysis based methods have proven successful for enhancing learning opportunities, improving skills, and decreasing challenging behavior in children with autism [4, 11]. Such methods however, need to be correctly implemented. Otherwise the risk of less progress and lower skill acquisition rates will increase [8]. It is therefore critical to properly train those individuals responsible for teaching and enhancing skills of children with autism [12]. -
A Parent Training Program Combining Discrete Trial Training and Incidental Teaching in the Home Environment
University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 6-30-2009 A Parent Training Program Combining Discrete Trial Training and Incidental Teaching in the Home Environment Lindsey Jones University of South Florida Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the American Studies Commons Scholar Commons Citation Jones, Lindsey, "A Parent Training Program Combining Discrete Trial Training and Incidental Teaching in the Home Environment" (2009). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/2033 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. \A Parent Training Program Combining Discrete Trial Training and Incidental Teaching in the Home Environment by Lindsey Jones A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts College of Graduate Studies University of South Florida Major Professor: Trevor Stokes, Ph.D. Debra Mowery, Ph.D. Mary Fuller, Ph.D. Date of Approval: June 30, 2009 Keywords: adult instruction, children, skills, positive reinforcement, autism © Copyright 2009, Lindsey Jones Dedication This thesis was inspired by all of the families that I have worked with in Virginia and in Florida. I have been blessed to work with the most amazing parents under the most unexpected circumstances. I have loved working with you and your children. I have had two supervisors who became lifelong mentors to me: Mary Worley in Virginia and Janis Krempa in Florida have supplied me with wisdom in this field and continue to set the finest examples of practitioners. -
Collaborative and Inclusive Process with the Autism Community: a Case Study in Colombia About Social Robot Design
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Ghent University Academic Bibliography International Journal of Social Robotics https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-020-00627-y Collaborative and Inclusive Process with the Autism Community: A Case Study in Colombia About Social Robot Design Andrés A. Ramírez-Duque1,6 · Luis F. Aycardi2 · Adriana Villa3 · Marcela Munera2 · Teodiano Bastos1 · Tony Belpaeme4,5 · Anselmo Frizera-Neto1 · Carlos A. Cifuentes2 Accepted: 18 January 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020 Abstract One of the most promising areas in which social assistive robotics has been introduced is therapeutic intervention for children with autism spectrum disorders (CwASD). Even though there are promising results in therapeutic contexts, there is a lack of guidelines on how to select the appropriate robot and how to design and implement the child–robot interaction. The use of participatory design (PD) methods in the design of technology-based processes for CwASD is a recognition of the stakeholders as “experts” in their fields. This work explores the benefits brought by the use of PD methods in the design of a social robot, with a specific focus on their use in autism spectrum disorders therapies on the Colombian autism community. Based on what proved to be effective in our previous research, we implemented participatory methods for both the CwASD and the stakeholders. The process leverages the active role of participants using a focus group approach with parents and specialists, and scene cards, narrative and handmade generative methods with the children. To overcome some challenges of traditional PD processes, where not all community actors are considered, we included a Colombian community consisting of therapists, nurses, caregivers and parents. -
Real-Time 3D Graphic Augmentation of Therapeutic Music Sessions for People on the Autism Spectrum
Real-time 3D Graphic Augmentation of Therapeutic Music Sessions for People on the Autism Spectrum John Joseph McGowan Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Edinburgh Napier University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy October 2018 Declaration I, John McGowan, declare that the work contained within this thesis has not been submitted for any other degree or professional qualification. Furthermore, the thesis is the result of the student’s own independent work. Published material associated with the thesis is detailed within the section on Associate Publications. Signed: Date: 12th October 2019 J J McGowan Abstract i Abstract This thesis looks at the requirements analysis, design, development and evaluation of an application, CymaSense, as a means of improving the communicative behaviours of autistic participants through therapeutic music sessions, via the addition of a visual modality. Autism spectrum condition (ASC) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder that can affect people in a number of ways, commonly through difficulties in communication. Interactive audio-visual feedback can be an effective way to enhance music therapy for people on the autism spectrum. A multi-sensory approach encourages musical engagement within clients, increasing levels of communication and social interaction beyond the sessions. Cymatics describes a resultant visualised geometry of vibration through a variety of mediums, typically through salt on a brass plate or via water. The research reported in this thesis focuses on how an interactive audio-visual application, based on Cymatics, might improve communication for people on the autism spectrum. A requirements analysis was conducted through interviews with four therapeutic music practitioners, aimed at identifying working practices with autistic clients. -
The National Autism Project: Aims and Objectives
The National Autism Project: aims and objectives The National Autism Project: Address for correspondence aims and objectives E-mail: ian@ nationalautismproject. org.uk C Ian Ragan, London Editorial comment Dr Ian Ragan is the director of the National Autism Project (NAP), launched in April 2015 and funded by The Shirley Foundation. In this paper, he describes the key aims of the project and the advisers and organisations who are contributing to this work. He makes the case that the spending on autism, relative to other conditions, is very low and that this has limited the progress on identifying the most effective interven- tions. It is hoped that data will be gathered on the cost-benefit of different services and strategies which can then be used strategically to inform future practice in health, education and social care and the voluntary sector. Readers of the GAP Journal who would like to read more about NAP or contribute to its work can visit the website www.nationalautismproject.org.uk. Note: The term autism is used throughout this paper to denote all individuals on the autism spectrum, including those with Asperger syndrome. Introduction All charities face the issue of deciding how best to spend for young people and adults? Can we be sure that ‘ben- their money and to justify their existence to their donors, efits’, as normally defined by the neurotypical majority, supporters and beneficiaries. They can augment their are really meeting the needs of the autistic minority? in-house expertise with the opinions of independent It was to try and find answers to such questions that experts but every organisation still needs to develop Dame Stephanie (Steve) Shirley with others developed its own strategy, its future direction, and its goals and the idea of the National Autism Project (NAP) which was ambitions. -
Autistica Action Briefing: Adult Mental Health
Autistica Action Briefing: Adult Mental Health Harper G, Smith E, Simonoff E, Hill L, Johnson S, Davidson I. March 2019 Autistica is the UK’s autism research charity. This briefing summarises the most important scientific findings about mental health in autistic adults. It was developed in collaboration with leading researchers and autistic people with experience of the topic as an insight into the latest evidence. We strongly urge the Department of Health and Social Care, NHS policy-makers, commissioners, services and public research funders to act on this information. The evidence about mental health in autistic adults has moved on; services and policies to improve mental health must now do so as well. www.autistica.org.uk/AutismStrategy “If a neurotypical person was afraid to leave the house, that wouldn’t be seen as normal or okay. But if you’re 1 autistic you should just accept that that is the way your life is going to be.” What we know “The main problem with mental health services is that no one seems to want the responsibility 1 of putting him on their books… He keeps getting passed around departments” ▪ Almost 8 in 10 autistic adults experience a mental health problem.2 Autism is not a mental health condition itself, but mental health problems are one of the most common and serious challenges experienced by people across the spectrum. ▪ Up to 10% of adults in inpatient mental health settings are autistic,3 even though only 1% of the population is on the spectrum.4 ▪ Autistic people are often unable to access community mental health -
Model Reveals New Links Between Autism and Fragile X
Spectrum | Autism Research News https://www.spectrumnews.org NEWS Model reveals new links between autism and fragile X BY EMILY SINGER 17 SEPTEMBER 2012 Strange synapses: Mice lacking NLGN3 develop abnormal neuronal connections (yellow) at one end of certain cells (blue) in the cerebellum. Strange synapses: Mice lacking NLGN3 develop abnormal neuronal connections (yellow) at one end of certain cells (blue) in the cerebellum. Mice that lack the autism-linked gene neuroligin-3 (NLGN3) show similar deficits in neurons to those seen in fragile X syndrome, according to research published 13 September in Science1. Specifically, the mice have defects in neuronal plasticity, a brain cell’s ability to alter the strength of synapses, the connections between neurons. Restoring the gene in adolescent mice reverses the problem, suggesting a potential pathway for treatment. The findings add to growing evidence that some aspects of autism may be treatable into adulthood. “A key question with neurodevelopmental disorders like autism is to what extent can dysfunctional circuits formed during development be repaired?” says Peter Scheiffele, professor of cell biology 1 / 4 Spectrum | Autism Research News https://www.spectrumnews.org and biological development at the University of Basel in Switzerland, and the study’s lead investigator. “We see that a substantial amount of inappropriate synapses can be rescued in the adult.” The research also supports the idea that studying so-called syndromic forms of autism, such as fragile X, which are further along in drug development than are more common forms of autism, will shed light on the molecular underpinnings of the disorder. “I was quite excited about this paper because it links what may be very different genetic causes of autism to perhaps similar mechanistic and therapeutic targets,” says Kimberly Huber, associate professor of neuroscience at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas. -
Suggerimenti Operativi Per L'integrazione Scolastica Degli Allievi Con Autismo O Disturbi Pervasivi Dello Sviluppo
Direzione Generale “Suggerimenti operativi per Uff. I – Dirigente Stefano Versari l’integrazione scolastica degli allievi autistici o disturbi pervasivi dello Nota prot. 16922 del 12 novembre 2008 sviluppo” SUGGERIMENTI OPERATIVI PER L’INTEGRAZIONE SCOLASTICA DEGLI ALLIEVI CON AUTISMO O DISTURBI PERVASIVI DELLO SVILUPPO [email protected] 1 Direzione Generale “Suggerimenti operativi per Uff. I – Dirigente Stefano Versari l’integrazione scolastica degli allievi autistici o disturbi pervasivi dello Nota prot. 16922 del 12 novembre 2008 sviluppo” INDICE PARTE PRIMA Autismo e disturbi pervasivi dello sviluppo: di cosa stiamo pag. 3 parlando? PARTE SECONDA Caratteristiche di un programma funzionale pag. 6 PARTE TERZA Prima dell’arrivo a scuola: acquisire le informazioni pag. 14 PARTE QUARTA Organizzare gli spazi pag.17 PARTE QUINTA Organizzare i tempi pag. 26 PARTE SESTA Strategie didattiche: l’uso dei rinforzi pag. 30 Strategie didattiche: l’analisi del compito pag. 32 Strategie didattiche: l’uso del prompt pag. 34 PARTE SETTIMA Attivita’ e metodi didattici pag. 35 Analisi delle competenze dell’allievo pag. 36 Prevalenza del canale visivo pag. 37 Ampliare le capacità di attenzione e di concentrazione pag. 41 Ampliare le capacità di memoria pag. 42 PARTE OTTAVA Approfondimento sulle aree di maggiore difficoltà delle persone pag. 45 autistiche: percezione PARTE NONA Lo sviluppo delle capacità cognitive pag. 48 Un esempio di didattica dell’artimetica: la cardinalità del pag. 51 numero Il supporto delle nuove tecnologie pag. 55 PARTE DECIMA I comportamenti problema pag. 57 Sviluppo delle competenze sociali e rapporto con i pari di età pag. 60 [email protected] 2 Direzione Generale “Suggerimenti operativi per Uff. -
100 Day Kit for Newly Diagnosed Families of School Age Children
100 Day Kit for Newly Diagnosed Families of School Age Children FAMILY SERVICES DECEMBER 2014 100 DAY KIT FOR SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN The Autism Speaks 100 Day Kit is a tool designed to help assist families of children recently diagnosed with autism during the critical period following an autism diagnosis. The 100 Day Kit for School Age Children was released in 2014 and adapted from the 2010 Asperger Syndrome/High-Functioning Autism Tool Kit after the DSM-5 was published. The kits were created by the Autism Speaks Family Services staff in conjunction with both an advisory committee and the Family Services Committee. Autism Speaks would like to extend special thanks to the Advisory Committee for the time and effort that they put into reviewing this kit: 100 Day Kit for School Age Children Mel Karmazin* Advisory Committee Grandparent Ann Brendel Brian Kelly * ** Parent Geraldine Dawson, Ph.D. Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Artie Kempner* Behavioral Sciences Parent Duke University Medical Center Gary S. Mayerson* Lauren Elder, Ph.D. Founding Attorney, Mayerson & Associates Director, Ascent Psychological Services Kevin Murray* Peter F. Gerhardt, Ed.D. Parent Former President, Organization for Autism Research (OAR) Linda Meyer, Ed.D. Kerry Magro, M.A. Executive Director, Autism New Jersey Autism Speaks Social Media Coordinator, Danny Openden, Ph.D., B.C.B.A.-D. Self-advocate President and CEO, Southwest Autism Research and Valerie Paradiz, Ph.D. Resource Center (SARRC) Director, Valerie Paradiz, LLC Valerie Paradiz, Ph.D. Director Autistic Global Initiative Director, Valerie Paradiz, LLC Parent and self-advocate Director Autistic Global Initiative Patricia R.