Patologia E Avversità Dell'alveare

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Patologia E Avversità Dell'alveare Patologia e avversità dell’alveare a cura di Emanuele Carpana Marco Lodesani 123 Patologia e avversità dell’alveare Patologia e avversità dell’alveare a cura di Emanuele Carpana Marco Lodesani Presentazione di Giuseppe Cacopardi 123 a cura di Emanuele Carpana CRA-API, Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura Unità di ricerca di apicoltura e bachicoltura, Bologna Marco Lodesani CRA-API, Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura Unità di ricerca di apicoltura e bachicoltura, Bologna ISBN 978-88-470-5649-7 ISBN 978-88-470-5650-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-88-470-5650-3 © Springer-Verlag Italia 2014 Quest’opera è protetta dalla legge sul diritto d’autore e la sua riproduzione anche parziale è ammessa esclusivamente nei limiti della stessa. Tutti i diritti, in particolare i diritti di traduzione, ristampa, riuti- lizzo di illustrazioni, recitazione, trasmissione radiotelevisiva, riproduzione su microfilm o altri suppor- ti, inclusione in database o software, adattamento elettronico, o con altri mezzi oggi conosciuti o svilup- pati in futuro, rimangono riservati. Sono esclusi brevi stralci utilizzati a fini didattici e materiale forni- to ad uso esclusivo dell’acquirente dell’opera per utilizzazione su computer. I permessi di riproduzione devono essere autorizzati da Springer e possono essere richiesti attraverso RightsLink (Copyright Clearance Center). La violazione delle norme comporta le sanzioni previste dalla legge. Le fotocopie per uso personale possono essere effettuate nei limiti del 15% di ciascun volume dietro pagamento alla SIAE del compenso previsto dalla legge, mentre quelle per finalità di carattere profes- sionale, economico o commerciale possono essere effettuate a seguito di specifica autorizzazione rila- sciata da CLEARedi, Centro Licenze e Autorizzazioni per le Riproduzioni Editoriali, e-mail autorizza- [email protected] e sito web www.clearedi.org. L’utilizzo in questa pubblicazione di denominazioni generiche, nomi commerciali, marchi registrati, ecc. anche se non specificatamente identificati, non implica che tali denominazioni o marchi non siano pro- tetti dalle relative leggi e regolamenti. Le informazioni contenute nel libro sono da ritenersi veritiere ed esatte al momento della pubblicazio- ne; tuttavia, gli autori, i curatori e l’editore declinano ogni responsabilità legale per qualsiasi involonta- rio errore od omissione. L’editore non può quindi fornire alcuna garanzia circa i contenuti dell’opera. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 2014 2015 2016 2017 Layout copertina: Ikona S.r.l., Milano Impaginazione: Graphostudio, Milano Springer-Verlag Italia S.r.l. – Via Decembrio 28 – I-20137 Milan Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Presentazione Oggigiorno il miele sta diventando un prodotto sempre più apprezzato dai consu- matori. Se da un lato devono essere utilizzati strumenti diversi per qualificare il prodotto e informare il consumatore, dall’altro le caratteristiche del prodotto devo- no essere più standardizzate e controllate, partendo anche dalla corretta gestione dei problemi sanitari nell’azienda apistica. Questo tema è particolarmente sentito dagli apicoltori italiani, che sempre più necessitano di conoscenze tecniche specialisti- che. La ricerca, da parte sua, può rappresentare il tramite per ridurre la distanza fra chi produce miele e chi consuma, sviluppando una serie di strumenti conoscitivi utili per un corretto uso e un efficace controllo delle patologie apistiche. È quindi importante conoscere le varie patologie apistiche e le indicazioni tecniche, soprat- tutto con riferimento alle innovazioni fornite dalla ricerca sperimentale. Nel presen- te volume vengono affrontate, a un livello tecnico-scientifico, tutte le patologie conosciute delle api e, più in generale, le problematiche sanitarie dell’apicoltura: dall’epidemiologia alla normativa, dalle avversità ambientali ai residui nei prodot- ti dell’alveare. Patologia e avversità dell’alveare è un’opera completa ed esaustiva, con una vasta e minuziosa raccolta di riferimenti normativi e documentazioni esemplifica- tive e integrata da una attenta lettura interpretativa e suggerimenti applicativi. Le indicazioni tecniche e i contributi scientifici rendono questo volume particolarmen- te interessante anche dal punto di vista pratico. Il volume rappresenta quindi un punto di riferimento indispensabile per guida- re attraverso un ampio percorso procedurale coloro che vogliano approfondire i numerosi aspetti della patologia delle api, con prospettive diverse e molteplici, tali da raggiungere destinatari diversi: l’apicoltore, il tecnico addetto all’assistenza sanitaria, il veterinario, il naturalista, il ricercatore, lo studente. Dott. Giuseppe Cacopardi Direttore Generale Direzione Generale dello Sviluppo Rurale Ministero delle Politiche Agricole, Alimentari e Forestali v Prefazione Negli ultimi decenni l’apicoltura è stata investita da un susseguirsi di emergenze sanitarie che hanno condizionato pesantemente l’esercizio dell’impresa apistica. Nuove parassitosi si sono diffuse in conseguenza dei commerci e dei movimenti su scala intercontinentale, mentre malattie infettive già note si sono manifestate a un livello di espansione e gravità inaspettato. Ma è il quadro di fondo che è mutato: l’alterazione degli agroecosistemi nei paesi industrializzati crea un ambiente ina- datto se non ostile alle api da miele, minacciandone la sopravvivenza stessa. I recenti fenomeni di moria delle api, a cui i mezzi di informazione di massa hanno dato grande risonanza, sono la testimonianza più eclatante di un processo di decli- no della salute delle api legato anche all’ambiente. Il benessere delle api come riflesso della salubrità del territorio è un concetto che si è ampiamente affermato, anche tra i non addetti al settore. A queste problematiche la ricerca, sia di base sia applicata, ha risposto con una fer- tile produzione sperimentale che ha portato nuove importanti acquisizioni scienti- fiche. Così diversi aspetti della patologia delle api sono stati oggetto di revisione: l’eziologia, la patogenesi, le tecniche diagnostiche, gli strumenti di controllo. I fat- tori responsabili di spopolamenti e mortalità degli alveari sono stati evidenziati nella loro complessità e in questo contesto è stato approfondito il ruolo degli avve- lenamenti da pesticidi utilizzati in agricoltura. Si è fatto strada il concetto di multi- fattorialità dei fenomeni patologici che colpiscono l’alveare e conseguentemente è stato promosso un approccio integrato nelle azioni di lotta. Il trasferimento dei risultati della ricerca e delle nuove conoscenze che ne deri- vano è di fondamentale importanza per supportare il settore apistico nel processo continuo di innovazione tecnica necessario per fronteggiare i problemi connessi alle malattie e più in generale alle avversità che colpiscono gli alveari. Questo libro nasce dunque dall’esigenza di rendere disponibile al settore apisti- co italiano un trattato sulla patologia delle api esaustivo e aggiornato. Mancava infatti un’opera in lingua italiana che recepisse l’evoluzione delle conoscenze degli ultimi decenni in questa materia. L’iniziativa, inoltre, dà seguito ad altre opere edi- toriali nel campo della manualistica tecnico-scientifica che il CRA-API ha curato negli ultimi anni. vii viii Prefazione Il libro vuole essere una guida per conoscere e affrontare le malattie e le avver- sità ambientali che deprimono la salute delle api. Vengono infatti descritti i nume- rosi aspetti della patologia delle api, con prospettive diverse e molteplici, tali da raggiungere destinatari diversi: l’apicoltore, il naturalista, il ricercatore, il tecnico addetto all’assistenza sanitaria, il veterinario, lo studente. Accanto alle nozioni più aggiornate sono fornite molte informazioni pratiche per la gestione sanitaria nell’a- zienda apistica. La trattazione è di livello scientifico, corredata pertanto da molti riferimenti bibliografici, che indirizzano il lettore desideroso di approfondimenti. È stato particolarmente curato l’apparato iconografico e la ricchezza di figure e di fotografie costituisce un valore aggiunto a supporto della trattazione dei vari argomenti. Al fine di garantire un adeguato approfondimento dei vari argomenti trattati, la redazione dei capitoli del libro è stata affidata a specialisti riconosciuti, che potes- sero dare un contributo di conoscenze basate anche sull’esperienza diretta nel campo della ricerca scientifica o della professione. Il volume è stato strutturato in modo tale da poter essere letto nella sua comple- tezza, poiché è stato seguito un ordine ragionato di presentazione dei concetti; nello stesso tempo ogni capitolo è completo e indipendente dagli altri, pur essendovi logicamente collegato, in modo tale che possa essere letto e approfondito anche un singolo argomento. I primi capitoli sono di carattere introduttivo: dopo un excursus storico sulla patologia delle api, si tratta della diffusione geografica e dell’impatto economico delle malattie. Quindi vengono affrontati, a scopo propedeutico, concetti di epide- miologia, profilassi e terapia, nella loro peculiare applicazione in apicoltura. Un ampio capitolo è dedicato alle difese naturali dell’alveare contro le malattie, met- tendo in evidenza i meccanismi, sia individuali sia sociali, che ne stanno alla base e dando spazio anche ad alcuni approfondimenti a livello fisiologico e biochimico. Quindi, dal capitolo 3 al capitolo 8, si procede alla disamina delle malattie infet- tive e parassitarie, suddivise per
Recommended publications
  • PARASITIC MITES of HONEY BEES: Life History, Implications, and Impact
    Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2000. 45:519±548 Copyright q 2000 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved. PARASITIC MITES OF HONEY BEES: Life History, Implications, and Impact Diana Sammataro1, Uri Gerson2, and Glen Needham3 1Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 Agricultural Sciences and Industries Building, University Park, PA 16802; e-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel; e-mail: [email protected] 3Acarology Laboratory, Department of Entomology, 484 W. 12th Ave., The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; e-mail: [email protected] Key Words bee mites, Acarapis, Varroa, Tropilaelaps, Apis mellifera Abstract The hive of the honey bee is a suitable habitat for diverse mites (Acari), including nonparasitic, omnivorous, and pollen-feeding species, and para- sites. The biology and damage of the three main pest species Acarapis woodi, Varroa jacobsoni, and Tropilaelaps clareae is reviewed, along with detection and control methods. The hypothesis that Acarapis woodi is a recently evolved species is rejected. Mite-associated bee pathologies (mostly viral) also cause increasing losses to apiaries. Future studies on bee mites are beset by three main problems: (a) The recent discovery of several new honey bee species and new bee-parasitizing mite species (along with the probability that several species are masquerading under the name Varroa jacob- soni) may bring about new bee-mite associations and increase damage to beekeeping; (b) methods for studying bee pathologies caused by viruses are still largely lacking; (c) few bee- and consumer-friendly methods for controlling bee mites in large apiaries are available.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphological Identification of Tropilaelaps Spp. (Adult Form) (OIE Method) Contents Effective Date: 21/09/15
    WORK INSTRUCTIONS – SOPHIA ANTIPOLIS LABORATORY Morphological identification of Tropilaelaps spp. (adult form) (OIE method) Coding: ANA-I1.MOA.3500 Revision: 00 Page 1 / 15 Contents 1. PURPOSE AND SCOPE ....................................................................................................................... 2 1.1 BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 BIOLOGY OF TROPILAELAPS SPP . ................................................................................................................ 2 2. CONTENT ......................................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 PRINCIPLE ............................................................................................................................................ 4 2.2 MATERIALS .......................................................................................................................................... 4 2.3 PROTOCOL ........................................................................................................................................... 4 2.4 IDENTIFICATION OF THE ADULT TROPILAELAPS SPP . MITE ................................................................................ 6 3. ANALYTICAL RESULTS ..................................................................................................................... 14 4. BIBLIOGRAPHY ..............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • UMI MICROFILMED 1990 INFORMATION to USERS the Most Advanced Technology Has Been Used to Photo­ Graph and Reproduce This Manuscript from the Microfilm Master
    UMI MICROFILMED 1990 INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photo­ graph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are re­ produced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. These are also available as one exposure on a standard 35mm slide or as a 17" x 23" black and white photographic print for an additional charge. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road.
    [Show full text]
  • Texas Beekeepers Association Journal
    The Texas Beekeepers Association Journal May / Jun 2018 THE JOURNAL OF THE TEXAS BEEKEEPERS ASSOCIATION 1 2 THE JOURNAL OF THE TEXAS BEEKEEPERS ASSOCIATION Issue 18-3 President’s Report from Chris Moore Where does all the time go? Bees are supposed to be busy but then, so am I. So here’s this commercial beekeeper’s world: Bees came back from California after pollinating almonds Now stronger hives and we made splits We moved homes (while the bees were in California – no, after they came back) We put supers on the hives My daughter graduated from High school and my son gets married We pulled honey from the hives and then shipped them to Wisconsin to pollinate cranberries My son leaves for Hillsong in Australia We took bees to West Texas for pollination Extracting of honey is underway My daughter leaves for New York And soon is the TBA Summer Clinic I feel like a dog chasing my tail! We are still adding supers, but the honey flow is tapering off. This year has been better than the previous 3 for us, but still below our average prior to CCD. I don’t think bees are living quite as long as they used to. Prior to CCD it was common that there were not just mustaches on the hives, but beards so big you couldn’t see the bottom box. It’s rare to see that kind of population now. Our annual losses were only 20% in the past while now they are at 40%+. I had a customer tell me that he read that CCD was a farce and the bee population was fine.
    [Show full text]
  • Beaulieu, F., W. Knee, V. Nowell, M. Schwarzfeld, Z. Lindo, V.M. Behan
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 819: 77–168 (2019) Acari of Canada 77 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.819.28307 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Acari of Canada Frédéric Beaulieu1, Wayne Knee1, Victoria Nowell1, Marla Schwarzfeld1, Zoë Lindo2, Valerie M. Behan‑Pelletier1, Lisa Lumley3, Monica R. Young4, Ian Smith1, Heather C. Proctor5, Sergei V. Mironov6, Terry D. Galloway7, David E. Walter8,9, Evert E. Lindquist1 1 Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Otta- wa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada 2 Department of Biology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada 3 Royal Alberta Museum, Edmonton, Alberta, T5J 0G2, Canada 4 Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada 5 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada 6 Department of Parasitology, Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya embankment 1, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia 7 Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada 8 University of Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, 4556, Queensland, Australia 9 Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, 4101, Queensland, Australia Corresponding author: Frédéric Beaulieu ([email protected]) Academic editor: D. Langor | Received 11 July 2018 | Accepted 27 September 2018 | Published 24 January 2019 http://zoobank.org/652E4B39-E719-4C0B-8325-B3AC7A889351 Citation: Beaulieu F, Knee W, Nowell V, Schwarzfeld M, Lindo Z, Behan‑Pelletier VM, Lumley L, Young MR, Smith I, Proctor HC, Mironov SV, Galloway TD, Walter DE, Lindquist EE (2019) Acari of Canada. In: Langor DW, Sheffield CS (Eds) The Biota of Canada – A Biodiversity Assessment.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting
    INVESTIGATING THE INTEGRATION OF SMALL HIVE BEETLES (AETHINA TUMIDA MURRAY, COLEOPTERA: NITIDULIDAE) INTO WESTERN HONEY BEE (APIS MELLIFERA L., HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE) COLONIES By EDWARD BLAKE ATKINSON A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2011 1 © 2011 Edward Blake Atkinson 2 To my wife and kids 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I thank my advisor Dr. Jamie Ellis and other members of my committee, Drs. H. Jane Brockmann, Andy Cline, Heather McAuslane, and Peter Teal, for guidance and assistance with what was a wonderful introduction to my life of entomological research. Also, I thank the University of Florida for funding me through my doctoral career. I acknowledge the following members of the University of Florida Honey Bee Research and Extension Laboratory who provided technical assistance with my projects: Katie Buckley, Meredith Cenzer, Renee Cole, Jonnie Dietz, Mark Dykes, Katy Evans, Dr. Kamran Fakhimzadeh, Jason Graham, Dr. Alec Gregorc, Pablo Herrera, Michelle Kelley, Ben King, Jeanette Klopchin, Hannah O’Malley, Mike O’Malley, Catherine Zettel Nalen, Dr. Akers Pence, Andy Sheffler, Marissa Streifel, Cindy Tannahill, Melissa Teems, Liana Teigen, Tricia Toth, Anthony Vaudo, Sparky Vilsaint, and Larry Wise. I am grateful to Jane Medley of the University of Florida Entomology and Nematology department for creating the wonderful diagrams used in this dissertation, Drs. Mark Carroll, Nicole Benda, Adrian Duehl, and Richard Arbogast of the USDA-ARS Center for Medical and Veterinary Entomology (CMAVE) for offering their scientific expertise during the experimental process, and Tredina Davis, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Abhandlungen Und Berichte
    ISSN 1618-8977 Mesostigmata Band 7 (1) 2007 Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Görlitz ACARI Bibliographia Acarologica Herausgeber: Dr. Axel Christian im Auftrag des Staatlichen Museums für Naturkunde Görlitz Anfragen erbeten an: ACARI Dr. Axel Christian Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Görlitz PF 300 154, 02806 Görlitz „ACARI“ ist zu beziehen über: Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Görlitz – Bibliothek PF 300 154, 02806 Görlitz Eigenverlag Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Görlitz Alle Rechte vorbehalten Titelgrafik: E. Mättig Druck: MAXROI Graphics GmbH, Görlitz Editor-in-chief: Dr Axel Christian authorised by the Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Görlitz Enquiries should be directed to: ACARI Dr Axel Christian Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Görlitz PF 300 154, 02806 Görlitz, Germany ‘ACARI’ may be orderd through: Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Görlitz – Bibliothek PF 300 154, 02806 Görlitz, Germany Published by the Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Görlitz All rights reserved Cover design by: E. Mättig Printed by MAXROI Graphics GmbH, Görlitz, Germany ACARI Bibliographia Acarologica 7 (1): 1-27, 2007 ISSN 1618-8977 Mesostigmata Nr. 18 Axel Christian und Kerstin Franke Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Görlitz Jährlich werden in der Bibliographie die neuesten Publikationen über mesostigmate Milben veröffentlicht, soweit sie uns bekannt sind. Das aktuelle Heft enthält 316 Titel von Wissen- schaftlern aus 42 Ländern. In den Arbeiten werden 92 neue Arten und Gattungen beschrie- ben. Sehr viele Artikel beschäftigen sich mit ökologischen Problemen (30%), mit der Taxo- nomie (20%), mit der Faunistik (10%) und der Bienen-Milbe Varroa (10%). Bitte helfen Sie bei der weiteren Vervollständigung der Literaturdatenbank durch unaufge- forderte Zusendung von Sonderdrucken bzw. Kopien. Wenn dies nicht möglich ist, bitten wir um Mitteilung der vollständigen Literaturzitate zur Aufnahme in die Datei.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphological Identification of Tropilaelaps Spp. (Adult Form) (OIE Method)
    Analytical method for animal health REFERENCE: ANSES/SOP/ANA-I1.MOA.3500 - Version 02 April 2020 Morphological identification of Tropilaelaps spp. (adult form) (OIE method) This document, in its electronic form, is being made available to users as an analytical method. This document is the property of ANSES. Any reproduction, whether in full or in part, is authorised on the express condition that the source is ANSES/PR3/7/01-07 [version a] mentioned, for example by citing its reference (including its version number and ANSES/FGE/0209 year) and its title. REFERENCE: ANSES/SOP/ANA-I1.MOA.3500 - Version 02 History of the method A method can be updated in order to take changes into account. A change is considered major when it involves the analytic process, the scope or critical points of the analysis method, the application of which may modify the performance characteristics of the method and/or the results. A major change requires major adaptations and either total or partial revalidation. A change is considered minor if it provides useful or practical clarifications, reformulates the text to make it clearer or more accurate, or corrects minor errors. A minor change in the method does not alter its performance characteristics and does not require revalidation. The table below summarises the version history of this method and provides qualifications for the changes. Nature of changes Version Date Main changes (Major / Minor) 1. Reformatting of the method. 2. Updating of references. 3. Revisions of the protocol taking into account EURL practical feedback and results of the comparative laboratory testing TROPMORPH19: - Precisions in the protocol: sampling procedures, methods for measuring the size ratio.
    [Show full text]
  • Tropilaelaps: Parasitic Mites of Honey Bees
    The National Bee Unit Tropilaelaps parasitic mites of honey bees ii Pollination PollinationChapter title Pollinating insects provide almost incalculable economic and ecological benefits to humans, flowering plants and wildlife. Pollination by bees and other insects is the first step in the flowering/ fruiting process resulting in the production of vegetables and fruits. This essential nutrition comprises approximately 35% of the human diet. The production of 84% of crop species cultivated in Europe depends directly on pollinators. 70% of the 124 main crops used directly for human consumption in the world are dependent on pollinators. Honey bee foraging on Hazel The National Bee Unit National Agri-Food Innovation Campus Sand Hutton York YO41 1LZ Telephone +44 0300 3030094 Fax +44 (0)1904 462 111 Email [email protected] Website www.gov.uk/apha © Crown copyright 2017 Copyright in the typographical arrangement and design rests with the Crown. This publication (excluding the logo) may be reproduced free of charge in any format or medium provided that it is reproduced accurately and not used in a misleading context. The material must be acknowledged as Crown copyright with the title and source of the publication specified. This document is also available on BeeBase (National Bee Unit) website, www.nationalbeeunit.com Published by The Animal and Plant Health Agency. Printed in the UK, 2017, on material containing 80% post-consumer waste and 20% Elemental Chlorine Free pulp. About this leaflet iii ChapterAbout this title leaflet Tropilaelaps: parasitic mites of honey bees This leaflet describes the Asian bee mites Tropilaelaps spp., (Tropilaelaps clareae, Tropilaelaps mercedesae, Tropilaelaps koenigerum and Tropilaelaps thaii), two of which are potential threats to UK beekeeping.
    [Show full text]
  • Acari (Mite) Abundance and Diversity in Soil and Litter Layers of Eucalyptus Globulus Labill (Tasmanian Bluegum) Plantations in Southwest Western Australia
    Edith Cowan University Research Online Theses: Doctorates and Masters Theses 2000 Acari (Mite) Abundance And Diversity In Soil And Litter Layers Of Eucalyptus Globulus Labill (Tasmanian bluegum) Plantations In Southwest Western Australia Honi M. Adolphson Edith Cowan University Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses Part of the Biodiversity Commons Recommended Citation Adolphson, H. M. (2000). Acari (Mite) Abundance And Diversity In Soil And Litter Layers Of Eucalyptus Globulus Labill (Tasmanian bluegum) Plantations In Southwest Western Australia. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ theses/1542 This Thesis is posted at Research Online. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1542 Edith Cowan University Copyright Warning You may print or download ONE copy of this document for the purpose of your own research or study. The University does not authorize you to copy, communicate or otherwise make available electronically to any other person any copyright material contained on this site. You are reminded of the following: Copyright owners are entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. A reproduction of material that is protected by copyright may be a copyright infringement. Where the reproduction of such material is done without attribution of authorship, with false attribution of authorship or the authorship is treated in a derogatory manner, this may be a breach of the author’s moral rights contained in Part IX of the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth). Courts have the power to impose a wide range of civil and criminal sanctions for infringement of copyright, infringement of moral rights and other offences under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth).
    [Show full text]
  • Acari: Mesostigmata) from Iran
    Zootaxa 4200 (4): 487–500 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2016 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4200.4.2 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B787F2B5-60FB-4E29-89D9-16C544200E89 A new genus and species of Laelapidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) from Iran SHAHROOZ KAZEMI1 & FRÉDÉRIC BEAULIEU2 1Department of Biodiversity, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran. E-mails: [email protected], [email protected] 2Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract A new monotypic mite genus of the family Laelapidae, Persicolaelaps gen. nov., is described to accommodate a new spe- cies, P. hallidayi sp. nov., on the basis of adult female specimens collected from decaying wood, soil and litter in northern Iran, Golestan and Mazandaran provinces, respectively. The new genus can be distinguished from other members of the family by a combination of morphological attributes, some of which are unique or rarely observed in laelapids, such as (1) a series of small subrectangular sclerites flanking dorsally coxae I and gnathosomal base and adjoining podal plates anterolaterally, which are extending from and fused with sternal shield between coxae I and II; (2) an epigynal shield, so broad as to reach or even overlap acetabula III–IV, posteriorly axe-shaped; (3) metasternal setae absent; (4) a typical anal shield, though capturing pair of opisthogastric setae JV3; (5) gnathotectum triangular and acuminate; (6) the presence of six setae on trochanter IV; (7) genu IV with two ventral setae (occasional in Laelapidae); (8) internal malae with a series of thick, elongate filaments.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Invasions, Economic and Environmental Costs of Alien Plant
    BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS Economic and Environmental Costs of Alien Plant, Animal, and Microbe Species 0836 fm Page 2 Wednesday, May 15, 2002 9:59 AM BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS Economic and Environmental Costs of Alien Plant, Animal, and Microbe Species Edited by David Pimentel, Ph.D. Cornell University Ithaca, New York CRC PRESS Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C. 0836 fm Page 4 Wednesday, May 15, 2002 9:59 AM Senior Editor: John Sulzycki Project Editor: Gail Renard Production Manager: Pat Roberson Marketing Manager: Nadja English Cover Designer: Dawn Snider Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Biological invasions : economic and environmental costs of alien plant, animal, and microbe species / edited by David Pimentel. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8493-0836-4 (alk. paper) 1. Biological invasions—Economic aspects. 2. Biological invasions—Environmental. aspects. I. Pimentel, David, 1925– QH353 .B57 20002 577′18—dc21 2002017489 CIP This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use. Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. All rights reserved. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the personal or internal use of specific clients, may be granted by CRC Press LLC, provided that $.50 per page photocopied is paid directly to Copyright clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA.
    [Show full text]