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Comparing the Life Table and Population Projection Of
agronomy Article Comparing the Life Table and Population Projection of Gaeolaelaps aculeifer and Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Acari: Laelapidae) Based on the Age-Stage, Two-Sex Life Table Theory Jihye Park 1,†, Md Munir Mostafiz 1,† , Hwal-Su Hwang 1 , Duck-Oung Jung 2,3 and Kyeong-Yeoll Lee 1,2,3,4,* 1 Division of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; [email protected] (J.P.); munirmostafi[email protected] (M.M.M.); [email protected] (H.-S.H.) 2 Sustainable Agriculture Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Gunwi 39061, Korea; [email protected] 3 Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea 4 Quantum-Bio Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Gunwi 39061, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-53-950-5759 † These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract: Predatory soil-dwelling mites, Gaeolaelaps aculeifer (Canestrini) and Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Womersley) (Mesostigmata: Laelapidae), are essential biocontrol agents of small soil arthropod pests. To understand the population characteristics of these two predatory mites, we investigated their development, survival, and fecundity under laboratory conditions. We used Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) as a food source and analyzed the data using the age-stage, two-sex life table. The duration from egg to adult for G. aculeifer was longer than that for S. scimitus, but larval duration was similar Citation: Park, J.; Mostafiz, M.M.; between the two species. Notably, G. aculeifer laid 74.88 eggs/female in 24.50 days, but S. scimitus Hwang, H.-S.; Jung, D.-O.; Lee, K.-Y. Comparing the Life Table and laid 28.46 eggs/female in 19.1 days. -
Tropilaelaps Species Identification and Viral Load Evaluation
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 170 (2020) 107324 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Invertebrate Pathology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jip Tropilaelaps species identification and viral load evaluation of Tropilaelaps and Varroa mites and their Apis mellifera hosts in Palawan, Philippines T ⁎ Lilia I. de Guzmana, , Michael Simone-Finstroma, Cleofas Cervanciab, Philip Tokarza, Amanda M. Frakea a USDA-ARS, Honey Bee Breeding, Genetics and Physiology Laboratory, Baton Rouge, LA 70820, USA b Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philippines ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Apis mellifera pupae and their parasites Tropilaelaps and Varroa destructor were collected from honey bee hives in Tropilaelaps mercedesae Palawan, Philippines for species identification of the Tropilaelaps and viral analyses. Genetic analysis identified Apis mellifera Tropilaelaps mercedesae infesting A. mellifera on the island. Viral analyses showed that all pupae and their in- Deformed Wing Virus festing Tropilaelaps or Varroa shared the same Deformed Wing Virus (DWV) variant infections with DWV-B being Palawan more prevalent than DWV-A. Pupae infested with either Varroa or Tropilaelaps had higher levels of both DWV variants than uninfested pupae. Vigilance is needed to prevent the spread of Tropilaelaps clareae into Palawan and T. mercedesae and DWV variants from Palawan to other provinces. Apis mellifera colonies in Asia have been facing serious problems -
Stratiolaelaps Scimitus (Acari: Laelapidae) to Control Varroa Destructor (Acari: Varroidae) in Honey Bees
RESEARCH ARTICLE Risk assessment and predation potential of Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Acari: Laelapidae) to control Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae) in honey bees 1¤ 2 1 Sabrina RondeauID *, Pierre Giovenazzo , ValeÂrie Fournier 1 DeÂpartement de phytologie, Universite Laval, QueÂbec City, Quebec, Canada, 2 DeÂpartement de biologie, a1111111111 Universite Laval, QueÂbec City, Quebec, Canada a1111111111 ¤ Current address: School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada a1111111111 * [email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract The biocontrol of the honey bee ectoparasite Varroa destructor is an underexploited but OPEN ACCESS promising avenue that would benefit from being integrated in a Varroa management pro- gram. Our study aimed to investigate the potential of the predatory mite Stratiolaelaps scimi- Citation: Rondeau S, Giovenazzo P, Fournier V (2018) Risk assessment and predation potential of tus to control Varroa infestations in honey bees. Tests on safety and predation were carried Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Acari: Laelapidae) to out to: (1) assess the risk of predation of the honey bee brood by S. scimitus under labora- control Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae) in tory conditions and within the colony, and (2) evaluate the predation potential of S. scimitus honey bees. PLoS ONE 13(12): e0208812. https:// on phoretic Varroa mites. Under laboratory conditions, S. scimitus was able to feed upon doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208812 free Varroa mites, but also attacked every unprotected honey bee brood stages with a Editor: Olav Rueppell, University of North Carolina strong preference for bee eggs. When introduced inside colonies, however, S. scimitus at Greensboro, UNITED STATES does not have negative effects on the survival of the bee brood. -
Successful Reproduction of Unmated Tropilaelaps Mercedesae and Its Implication on Mite Population Growth in Apis Mellifera Colon
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 153 (2018) 35–37 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Invertebrate Pathology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jip Short Communication Successful reproduction of unmated Tropilaelaps mercedesae and its T implication on mite population growth in Apis mellifera colonies ⁎ Lilia I. de Guzmana, , Patcharin Phokasemb,c, Kitiphong Khongphinitbunjongd, Amanda M. Frakea, Panuwan Chantawannakulb,e a USDA-ARS, Honey Bee Breeding, Genetics and Physiology Laboratory, Baton Rouge, LA 70820, USA b Bee Protection Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Thailand c Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand d School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand e International College of Digital Innovation, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Thailand ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Successful reproduction by unmated Tropilaelaps mercedesae is reported here for the first time. Of the eight Tropilaelaps mercedesae mature daughters that did not have male mates within their natal cells, four produced both mature sons and Apis mellifera daughters, and four produced mature daughters only. Overall, 78% of the new daughters that had no egg-laying Reproductive success experience, and 84% of the foundresses that had or had not laid previously reproduced. Both inoculum daughter Deuterotoky and foundress mites were collected from tan-bodied pupae and inoculated immediately. Therefore, our results Symbionts suggest that phoresy is not required for reproduction in tropilaelaps mites. The ability of virgin females to lay Phoretic period both males and females (deuterotoky), and to reproduce without spending a phoretic period on adult bees may play major roles in tropilaelaps mites’ competitive advantage over varroa mites in Apis mellifera colonies. -
Preliminary Notes on the Use of the Predatory Soil Mite Stratiolaelaps Scimitus (Acari: Laelapidae) As a Biological Control Agent for Acariasis in Lizards Robert W
Preliminary Notes on the Use of the Predatory Soil Mite Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Acari: Laelapidae) as a Biological Control Agent for Acariasis in Lizards Robert W. Mendyk, BS, MA Department of Herpetology, Smithsonian National Zoological Park, 3001 Connecticut Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20008, USA Current address: Department of Herpetology, Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens, 307 Zoo Parkway, Jacksonville, FL 32218, USA ABSTRaCT: While commonly employed by the agricultural and horticultural industries, biological control has rarely been utilized in herpetological husbandry to treat infectious or parasitic diseases. This case study describes the use of the predatory soil mite Stratiolaelaps scimitus to treat parasitic mite infestations in two adult inland bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps). Stratiolaelaps scimitus applied directly to the existing terrarium substrate appeared to have eliminated all traces of parasitic mite infestation in both lizards within 5 days. These results, although preliminary, highlight the potential utility of predatory mites and other biological control agents in the husbandry and veterinary management of reptiles in captivity. KEY WORDS: Acariasis, biological control, Hypoaspis miles, lizards, predatory mites, Stratiolaelaps scimitus. INTRODUCTiON CaSE REPORT Hematophagic and lymphophagic mites are common A sexual pair of adult inland bearded dragons (Pogona parasites of reptiles in captivity, where they can spread vitticeps) was acquired by a private keeper in 2007. The rapidly through a collection and be difficult to eradicate female (18.3 cm snout–vent length [SVL]; 265 g) was received completely (DeNardo and Wozniak, 1997; Wozniak and in August 2007 while the male (15.2 cm SVL; 168 g) was DeNardo, 2000; Fitzgerald and Vera, 2006; Schilliger et al., purchased at a reptile exposition in early December 2007. -
PARASITIC MITES of HONEY BEES: Life History, Implications, and Impact
Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2000. 45:519±548 Copyright q 2000 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved. PARASITIC MITES OF HONEY BEES: Life History, Implications, and Impact Diana Sammataro1, Uri Gerson2, and Glen Needham3 1Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 Agricultural Sciences and Industries Building, University Park, PA 16802; e-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel; e-mail: [email protected] 3Acarology Laboratory, Department of Entomology, 484 W. 12th Ave., The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; e-mail: [email protected] Key Words bee mites, Acarapis, Varroa, Tropilaelaps, Apis mellifera Abstract The hive of the honey bee is a suitable habitat for diverse mites (Acari), including nonparasitic, omnivorous, and pollen-feeding species, and para- sites. The biology and damage of the three main pest species Acarapis woodi, Varroa jacobsoni, and Tropilaelaps clareae is reviewed, along with detection and control methods. The hypothesis that Acarapis woodi is a recently evolved species is rejected. Mite-associated bee pathologies (mostly viral) also cause increasing losses to apiaries. Future studies on bee mites are beset by three main problems: (a) The recent discovery of several new honey bee species and new bee-parasitizing mite species (along with the probability that several species are masquerading under the name Varroa jacob- soni) may bring about new bee-mite associations and increase damage to beekeeping; (b) methods for studying bee pathologies caused by viruses are still largely lacking; (c) few bee- and consumer-friendly methods for controlling bee mites in large apiaries are available. -
The Early History of Beekeeping the Moveable-Frame Hive Lorenzo Langstroth
Lorenzo L. Langstroth and The Quest for the Perfect Hive The early history of beekeeping Lorenzo Langstroth The Moveable-frame Hive The earliest evidence of human interaction with Lorenzo Langstroth was born on Langstroth found that the bees would honey bees dates back 8,000 years to a Meso- December 25, 1810 in Philadelphia, seal the top of the Bevan hive to the lithic cliff painting in Spain that depicts a human Pennsylvania. He attended Yale Col- bars with propolis, meaning that the figure robbing a colony of its honey. Honeycomb lege and was eventually ordained as bars would remain attached to the theft was probably the reason for our ancestors’ a minister. He had a childhood inter- cover when it was removed. In 1851, first intentional encounters with bees. est in insects and was first introduced Langstroth discovered that if he creat- to beekeeping in 1838, when he saw ed a 3/8” space between the cover and a large glass jar containing glistening the bars, the bees would not glue them honeycomb. Langstroth’s first hives, together. He eventually realized that if this 3/8” space surrounded all sides of purchased in 1838, were simple box the frame within the hive box, he could easily lift out the frames without hav- hives with crisscrossed sticks inside ing to cut them away from the hive walls. This “bee space” set Langstroth’s which provided support for honey- hives apart from all the others, resulting in a true moveable-frame hive. The identity of the first beekeepers is unknown, but the oldest historical evi- combs. -
1. Padil Species Factsheet Scientific Name: Common Name Image Library Partners for Australian Biosecurity Image Library
1. PaDIL Species Factsheet Scientific Name: Tropilaelaps clareae Delfinado and Baker, 1962 (Arachnida: Acari: Dermanyssoidea: Laelapidae) Common Name Asian bee mite Live link: http://www.padil.gov.au/pests-and-diseases/Pest/Main/136499 Image Library Australian Biosecurity Live link: http://www.padil.gov.au/pests-and-diseases/ Partners for Australian Biosecurity image library Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment https://www.awe.gov.au/ Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Western Australia https://dpird.wa.gov.au/ Plant Health Australia https://www.planthealthaustralia.com.au/ Museums Victoria https://museumsvictoria.com.au/ 2. Species Information 2.1. Details Specimen Contact: CSIRO, ANIC - http://www.csiro.au/places/ANIC.html Author: Walker, K. Citation: Walker, K. (2009) Asian bee mite(Tropilaelaps clareae)Updated on 12/9/2020 Available online: PaDIL - http://www.padil.gov.au Image Use: Free for use under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY- NC 4.0) 2.2. URL Live link: http://www.padil.gov.au/pests-and-diseases/Pest/Main/136499 2.3. Facets Status: Exotic species - absent from Australia Group: Non-insects Commodity Overview: Medical & Veterinary Commodity Type: Animal Distribution: South and South-East Asia 2.4. Diagnostic Notes Mites in the genus Tropilaelaps (Acari: Laelapidae) are ectoparasites of the brood of honeybees (Apis spp.). Tropilaelaps mites can easily be recognised and separated from the Varroa mite. The body of the Varroa mite is wider than it is long and it moves slowly, whereas the body of Tropilaelaps iselongated, with a heavily sclerotised holoventral or similar shield and it is a fast-running mite. -
Diagnosing Varroa
Diagnosing Varroa D. Sammataro, PhD USDA-ARS Carl Hayden Honey Bee Lab Tucson, AZ Our Website: http://gears.tucson.ars.ag.gov Healthy Colony Brood Frames Colony in Distress Parasitic Mite Syndrome Visible Signs on Brood Purdue Un. Dept Entomology Visible Symptoms on Bees Virus symptoms (DFW) Un. Georgia website Bees dragging out pupae Treehugger.com Varroa can be found on Chalkbrood mummies Sammataro photos Sammataro, D. and J. Finley. 2004. Observations of the ectoparasitic bee mite Varroa destructor in honey bee (Apis mellifera) cells infected with chalkbrood (Ascosphaera apis). J. Apicultural Research, 43 (1): 28-30. Diagnosing Varroa Mite (also Tropilaelaps) M. Frazier Sammataro 1. Ether or Sugar Roll (wash) 2. Uncapping drone brood 3. Sticky boards or bottom debris 1. Sampling Methods A. Rolls or shakes B. Brood examination Sammataro photo C. Hive debris/sticky boards 2. Estimating Mite Densities 3. Thresholds for Treatment 4. Future work 1A. Ether Roll • Brush or shake 300 bees into a wide-mouth jar from one frame with capped brood and nurse bees. NOT THE QUEEN. • 300 bees = 2 inch (5.08 cm) layer of bees • or 100ml (0.42 cup) or make your own marked container [1/3 cup (78.07 milliliters) is about 238 bees or less] 1A. Ether Roll • Apply a two second burst of ether (automotive starter fluid) into the jar. (FLAMMABLE - keep away from fire and working smokers) • Replace the top and shake vigorously for 30 seconds. • Gradually rotate the jar horizontally. • Look for any mites sticking to the sides; ether kills the bees, and causes them to regurgitate, making the sides sticky. -
Comb the Honey: Bee Interface Design by Ri Ren
Comb the Honey: Bee Interface Design by Ri Ren Ph.D., Central Academy of Fine Arts (2014) S.M., Saint-Petersburg Herzen State University (2010) B.A.,Tsinghua University (2007) Submitted to the Program in Media Arts and Sciences, School of Architecture and Planning in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Media Arts and Sciences at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology May 2020 © Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. All rights reserved. Author ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Program in Media Arts and Sciences May 2020 Certified by ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Neri Oxman Associate Professor of Media Arts and Sciences Accepted by ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Tod Machover Academic Head, Program in Media Arts and Sciences 2 Comb the Honey: Bee Interface Design by Ri Ren Submitted to the Program in Media Arts and Sciences, School of Architecture and Planning on May 2020 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Media Arts and Sciences Abstract: The overarching goal of the thesis is to understand the mechanisms by which complex forms are created in biological systems and how the external environment and factors can influence generations over different scales of space, time, and materials. My research focuses on Nature’s most celebrated architects — bees — and their architectural masterpiece — the honeycomb. Bee honeycombs are wax-made cellular structures of hexagonal prismatic geometries. Within the comb, bees form their nests, grow their larvae, and store honey and pollen. They operate as a “social womb” informed, at once, by communal (genetic) makeup and environmental forces. Resource sharing, labor division, and unique communication methods all contribute to the magic that is the bee “Utopia.” Given that the geometrical, structural, and material make up of honeycombs is informed by the environment, these structures act as environmental footprints, revealing, as a time capsule, the history of its external environment and factors. -
Honey Bee from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Honey bee From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A honey bee (or honeybee) is any member of the genus Apis, primarily distinguished by the production and storage of honey and the Honey bees construction of perennial, colonial nests from wax. Currently, only seven Temporal range: Oligocene–Recent species of honey bee are recognized, with a total of 44 subspecies,[1] PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N though historically six to eleven species are recognized. The best known honey bee is the Western honey bee which has been domesticated for honey production and crop pollination. Honey bees represent only a small fraction of the roughly 20,000 known species of bees.[2] Some other types of related bees produce and store honey, including the stingless honey bees, but only members of the genus Apis are true honey bees. The study of bees, which includes the study of honey bees, is known as melittology. Western honey bee carrying pollen Contents back to the hive Scientific classification 1 Etymology and name Kingdom: Animalia 2 Origin, systematics and distribution 2.1 Genetics Phylum: Arthropoda 2.2 Micrapis 2.3 Megapis Class: Insecta 2.4 Apis Order: Hymenoptera 2.5 Africanized bee 3 Life cycle Family: Apidae 3.1 Life cycle 3.2 Winter survival Subfamily: Apinae 4 Pollination Tribe: Apini 5 Nutrition Latreille, 1802 6 Beekeeping 6.1 Colony collapse disorder Genus: Apis 7 Bee products Linnaeus, 1758 7.1 Honey 7.2 Nectar Species 7.3 Beeswax 7.4 Pollen 7.5 Bee bread †Apis lithohermaea 7.6 Propolis †Apis nearctica 8 Sexes and castes Subgenus Micrapis: 8.1 Drones 8.2 Workers 8.3 Queens Apis andreniformis 9 Defense Apis florea 10 Competition 11 Communication Subgenus Megapis: 12 Symbolism 13 Gallery Apis dorsata 14 See also 15 References 16 Further reading Subgenus Apis: 17 External links Apis cerana Apis koschevnikovi Etymology and name Apis mellifera Apis nigrocincta The genus name Apis is Latin for "bee".[3] Although modern dictionaries may refer to Apis as either honey bee or honeybee, entomologist Robert Snodgrass asserts that correct usage requires two words, i.e. -
Morphological Identification of Tropilaelaps Spp. (Adult Form) (OIE Method) Contents Effective Date: 21/09/15
WORK INSTRUCTIONS – SOPHIA ANTIPOLIS LABORATORY Morphological identification of Tropilaelaps spp. (adult form) (OIE method) Coding: ANA-I1.MOA.3500 Revision: 00 Page 1 / 15 Contents 1. PURPOSE AND SCOPE ....................................................................................................................... 2 1.1 BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 BIOLOGY OF TROPILAELAPS SPP . ................................................................................................................ 2 2. CONTENT ......................................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 PRINCIPLE ............................................................................................................................................ 4 2.2 MATERIALS .......................................................................................................................................... 4 2.3 PROTOCOL ........................................................................................................................................... 4 2.4 IDENTIFICATION OF THE ADULT TROPILAELAPS SPP . MITE ................................................................................ 6 3. ANALYTICAL RESULTS ..................................................................................................................... 14 4. BIBLIOGRAPHY ..............................................................................................................................