Public Service Television and the Transition to Digital - a Comparative Analysis of the Digital Television Strategies of the BBC and Channel 4
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7116-A BBC TV Review
Independent Review of the BBC’s Digital Television Services 1 Contents Executive Summary 2 1. Introduction 13 1.1 Background, terms of reference, and report structure 13 1.2 General and specific approval conditions 16 1.3 Review process 16 1.4 Consultation results 17 1.5 Conceptual framework: net public value 19 1.6 The BBC’s digital TV strategy and its assumptions about audience behaviour 23 1.7 Television is a mass medium, not a niche medium 26 2. Performance Against the Approval Conditions 35 2.1 CBeebies 35 2.2 CBBC 37 2.3 BBC3 41 2.4 BBC4 47 2.5 Interactivity 50 2.6 Driving digital takeup 52 2.7 Value for money 54 2.8 Performance against conditions: summary and conclusions 58 3. Market Impact 63 3.1 Introduction 63 3.2 In what ways might the BBC’s services impact the market? 65 3.3 Clarifying the “base case” 66 3.4 Direct impact on commercial channels’ revenue 69 3.5 Impact on programme supply market 77 3.6 Impact on long-run competitiveness of the market 79 3.7 Market impact: summary and conclusions 80 4. How Might the Services Develop in the Future? 82 4.1 Summary of conclusions: performance and market impact 82 4.2 The evolving market context and the BBC-TV portfolio 87 4.3 Recommendations for future development 91 Appendix: Ofcom Analysis of Genre Mix 98 Supplementary Reports* Report on CBeebies and CBBC, by Máire Messenger Davies Report on BBC3 and BBC4, by Steve Hewlett Assessment of the Market Impact of the BBC’s New Digital TV and Radio Services, by Ofcom About the Author 100 *All supplementary reports are available electronically on the DCMS website, www.culture.gov.uk 2 Independent Review of the BBC’s Digital Television Services Executive Summary This report reviews the BBC’s digital television services CBeebies, CBBC, BBC3 and BBC4. -
BBC AR Front Part 2 Pp 8-19
Executive Committee Greg Dyke Director-General since Jana Bennett OBE Director of Mark Byford Director of World customer services and audience January 2000, having joined the BBC Television since April 2002. Service & Global News since research activities. Previously as D-G Designate in November Responsible for the BBC’s output October 2001. Responsible for all European Director for Unilever’s 1999. Previously Chairman and Chief on BBC One, BBC Two, BBC Three the BBC’s international news and Food and Beverages division. Former Executive of Pearson Television from and BBC Four and for overseeing information services across all media positions include UK Marketing 1995 to 1999. Former posts include content on the UKTV joint venture including BBC World Service radio, Director then European Marketing Editor in Chief of TV-am (1983); channels and the international BBC World television and the Director with Unilever’s UK Food Director of Programmes for TVS channels BBC America and BBC international-facing online news and Beverages division and (1984), and Director of Programmes Prime. Previously General Manager sites. Previously Director of Regional Chairman of the Tea Council. (1987), Managing Director (1990) and Executive Vice President at Broadcasting. Former positions and Group Chief Executive (1991) at Discovery Communications Inc. include Head of Centre, Leeds and Carolyn Fairbairn Director of London Weekend Television. He has in the US. Former positions include Home Editor Television News. Strategy & Distribution since April also been Chairman of Channel 5; Director of Production at BBC; Head 2001. Responsible for strategic Chairman of the ITA; a director of BBC Science; Editor of Horizon, Stephen Dando Director of planning and the distribution of BBC of ITN, Channel 4 and BSkyB, and and Senior Producer on Newsnight Human Resources & Internal services. -
1 BBC Four Biopics
BBC Four biopics: Lessons in Trashy Respectability The broadcast of Burton and Taylor in July 2013 marked the end of a decade- long cycle of feature-length biographical dramas transmitted on BBC Four, the niche arts and culture digital channel of the public service broadcaster. The subjects treated in these biopics were various: political figures, famous cooks, authors of popular literature, comedians and singers. The dramas focused largely on the unhappy or complex personal lives of well-loved figures of British popular culture. From the lens of the 21st century, these dramas offered an opportunity for audiences to reflect on the culture and society of the 20th century, changing television’s famous function of ‘witness’ to one of ‘having witnessed’ and/or ‘remembering’ (Ellis, 2000). The programmes function as nostalgia pieces, revisiting personalities familiar to the anticipated older audience of BBC Four, working in concert with much of the archive and factual content on the digital broadcaster’s schedules. However, by revealing apparent ‘truths’ that reconfigure the public images of the figures they narrate, these programmes also undermine nostalgic impulses, presenting conflicting interpretations of the recent past. They might equally be seen as impudent incursions onto the memory of the public figures, unnecessarily exposing the real-life subjects to censure, ridicule or ex post facto critical judgement. Made thriftily on small budgets, the films were modest and spare in visual style but were generally well received critically, usually thanks to writerly screenplays and strong central performances. The dramas became an irregular but important staple of the BBC Four schedule, furnishing the channel with some of their highest ratings in a history chequered by low audience numbers. -
Competition in Local Broadcast Television Advertising Markets Kevin Caves and Hal Singer August 4, 2014
Before the Federal Communications Commission Washington, D.C. 20554 In the Matter of ) ) 2014 Quadrennial Regulatory Review – Review ) MB Docket No. 14-50 of the Commission’s Broadcast Ownership Rules ) and Other Rules Adopted Pursuant to Section ) 202 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 ) ) 2010 Quadrennial Regulatory Review – Review ) MB Docket No. 09-182 of the Commission’s Broadcast Ownership Rules ) and Other Rules Adopted Pursuant to Section ) 202 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 ) ) Promoting Diversification of Ownership ) MB Docket No. 07-294 in the Broadcasting Services ) ) Rules and Policies Concerning ) MB Docket No. 04-256 Attribution of Joint Sales Agreements ) in Local Television Markets ) ) Competition in Local Broadcast Television Advertising Markets Kevin Caves and Hal Singer August 4, 2014 -2- Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 3 I. Background ......................................................................................................................... 4 A. The DOJ Asserts That Local Broadcast Television Advertising Is a Relevant Antitrust Product Market ........................................................................................ 4 B. The DOJ’s Position Lacks Empirical Support ........................................................ 5 II. Empirical Evidence Is Inconsistent with the DOJ’s Definition of the Relevant Product Market ................................................................................................................................ -
The BBC's Use of Spectrum
The BBC’s Efficient and Effective use of Spectrum Review by Deloitte & Touche LLP commissioned by the BBC Trust’s Finance and Strategy Committee BBC’s Trust Response to the Deloitte & Touche LLPValue for Money study It is the responsibility of the BBC Trust,under the As the report acknowledges the BBC’s focus since Royal Charter,to ensure that Value for Money is the launch of Freeview on maximising the reach achieved by the BBC through its spending of the of the service, the robustness of the signal and licence fee. the picture quality has supported the development In order to fulfil this responsibility,the Trust and success of the digital terrestrial television commissions and publishes a series of independent (DTT) platform. Freeview is now established as the Value for Money reviews each year after discussing most popular digital TV platform. its programme with the Comptroller and Auditor This has led to increased demand for capacity General – the head of the National Audit Office as the BBC and other broadcasters develop (NAO).The reviews are undertaken by the NAO aspirations for new services such as high definition or other external agencies. television. Since capacity on the platform is finite, This study,commissioned by the Trust’s Finance the opportunity costs of spectrum use are high. and Strategy Committee on behalf of the Trust and The BBC must now change its focus from building undertaken by Deloitte & Touche LLP (“Deloitte”), the DTT platform to ensuring that it uses its looks at how efficiently and effectively the BBC spectrum capacity as efficiently as possible and uses the spectrum available to it, and provides provides maximum Value for Money to licence insight into the future challenges and opportunities payers.The BBC Executive affirms this position facing the BBC in the use of the spectrum. -
BBC R&D Annual Review 2001-2002
BBC Research & Development maintains a world-class forward research programme. This enables us to deliver significant competitive advantage to the BBC. BBC R&D ANNUAL REVIEW 1 foreword BBC Research & Development maintains a world-class forward research production systems, and the planning of a their roll-out across the BBC. Our R&D expertise programme in a variety of broadcast technologies. As a consequence we are is placing the BBC at the leading edge of this revolution – offering us a major efficiency advantage compared with our competitors. BBC Technology is implementing these pilot able to deliver significant competitive advantage to the BBC. This last year systems, and will themselves gain an important time advantage in reaching the market with has been particularly productive and fruitful. this key new technology. BBC R&D has also delivered leading-edge technology to support the BBC’s production The full benefits of digital broadcasting are now beginning to come through to our viewers function. Examples include our work on the new production centres, speech-assisted and listeners. The BBC has launched new television and radio services and significantly subtitling, high-definition video production, digital radio cameras, and virtual production. enhanced the quality and sophistication of the interactive and enhanced services on the In a time of rapid technology change, there is no shortage of demand from our BBC FOREWORD digital platform. Interactive Wimbledon 2001, the enhanced Walking with Beasts colleagues for our effort and advice. Demand exceeds our ability to meet it, and we have to programme, the BBC i-Bar, regional news programmes and the new BBC Children’s work hard to retain a significant allocation of effort to continue the long-term, blue-sky channels have all been critical successes for the BBC. -
Digital Set-Top Box Instruction Manual C1stb11
DIGITAL SET-TOP BOX INSTRUCTION MANUAL C1STB11 C1STB11_IB_110608_Annie.indd 1 11年6月8日 下午3:22 Content Unpacking.......................................................................................................................4 Product.Overview...........................................................................................................5 Front View ............................................................................................................................................5 Right View ............................................................................................................................................5 Rear View..............................................................................................................................................5 Remote Control .................................................................................................................................6 Installing Batteries in the Remote Control ...............................................................................8 Remote Control Operation Range ..............................................................................................9 Connections..................................................................................................................10 Connecting to the TV ....................................................................................................................10 Connecting to External AV Equipment ...................................................................................11 -
Broadcasting & Convergence
1 Namnlöst-2 1 2007-09-24, 09:15 Nordicom Provides Information about Media and Communication Research Nordicom’s overriding goal and purpose is to make the media and communication research undertaken in the Nordic countries – Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden – known, both throughout and far beyond our part of the world. Toward this end we use a variety of channels to reach researchers, students, decision-makers, media practitioners, journalists, information officers, teachers, and interested members of the general public. Nordicom works to establish and strengthen links between the Nordic research community and colleagues in all parts of the world, both through information and by linking individual researchers, research groups and institutions. Nordicom documents media trends in the Nordic countries. Our joint Nordic information service addresses users throughout our region, in Europe and further afield. The production of comparative media statistics forms the core of this service. Nordicom has been commissioned by UNESCO and the Swedish Government to operate The Unesco International Clearinghouse on Children, Youth and Media, whose aim it is to keep users around the world abreast of current research findings and insights in this area. An institution of the Nordic Council of Ministers, Nordicom operates at both national and regional levels. National Nordicom documentation centres are attached to the universities in Aarhus, Denmark; Tampere, Finland; Reykjavik, Iceland; Bergen, Norway; and Göteborg, Sweden. NORDICOM Göteborg -
Review of Operations
REVIEW OF OPERATIONS OVERVIEW Turnover from continuing operations was £964.6 million (2001 restated: £1,040.1 million).The decline is primarily due to a reduction of £35.7 million in advertising revenues. Operating costs are under tight control. A stringent review last year identified £45.0 million in annual savings in the second full year, including Carlton’s share of savings in ITV. Delivery is well ahead of target with savings of £54.2 million achieved by end-September. June Brown and Penelope Keith star in Total continuing operating profit before amortisation and Margery & Gladys, a Carlton production for 2003. exceptional items was maintained at £65.3 million (2001: £65.8 million).The total amortisation charge, including joint ventures, was £17.6 million (2001: £17.4 million) and operating exceptional items totalled £4.8 million (2001: charges £52.4 million). Net interest charges were £12.0 million (2001: £35.6 million).The fall is attributable to lower effective interest rates and lower net interest bearing balances. Amounts written off investments were £8.2 million (2001: nil). Profit on continuing operations before taxation was £32.3 million (2001: loss of £39.6 million). ITV has extended its rights to show Bond movies on TV. BROADCASTING Turnover was £799.5 million (2001: £830.1 million) and profits were £67.4 million (2001: £83.3 million). Carlton’s television advertising revenues recovered to show an increase of 2 per cent in the second half of the year, compared to the same period last year. After a difficult first six months, year-on-year growth resumed in May. -
Appendix A: Non-Executive Directors of Channel 4 1981–92
Appendix A: Non-Executive Directors of Channel 4 1981–92 The Rt. Hon. Edmund Dell (Chairman 1981–87) Sir Richard Attenborough (Deputy Chairman 1981–86) (Director 1987) (Chairman 1988–91) George Russell (Deputy Chairman 1 Jan 1987–88) Sir Brian Bailey (1 July 1985–89) (Deputy Chairman 1990) Sir Michael Bishop CBE (Deputy Chairman 1991) (Chairman 1992–) David Plowright (Deputy Chairman 1992–) Lord Blake (1 Sept 1983–87) William Brown (1981–85) Carmen Callil (1 July 1985–90) Jennifer d’Abo (1 April 1986–87) Richard Dunn (1 Jan 1989–90) Greg Dyke (11 April 1988–90) Paul Fox (1 July 1985–87) James Gatward (1 July 1984–89) John Gau (1 July 1984–88) Roger Graef (1981–85) Bert Hardy (1992–) Dr Glyn Tegai Hughes (1983–86) Eleri Wynne Jones (22 Jan 1987–90) Anne Lapping (1 Jan 1989–) Mary McAleese (1992–) David McCall (1981–85) John McGrath (1990–) The Hon. Mrs Sara Morrison (1983–85) Sir David Nicholas CBE (1992–) Anthony Pragnell (1 July 1983–88) Usha Prashar (1991–) Peter Rogers (1982–91) Michael Scott (1 July 1984–87) Anthony Smith (1981–84) Anne Sofer (1981–84) Brian Tesler (1981–85) Professor David Vines (1 Jan 1987–91) Joy Whitby (1981–84) 435 Appendix B: Channel 4 Major Programme Awards 1983–92 British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) 1983: The Snowman – Best Children’s Programme – Drama 1984: Another Audience With Dame Edna – Best Light Entertainment 1987: Channel 4 News – Best News or Outside Broadcast Coverage 1987: The Lowest of the Low – Special Award for Foreign Documentary 1987: Network 7 – Special Award for Originality -
BBC Technical Standards for Network Television Delivery
Ó 2008 Page 1 of 28 BBC Technical Standards for Network Television Delivery DQ Status Live BBC Standard DQ Content Controller Technology Vision (Wes Curtis) Authority Contact(s) for Help Wes Curtis Description Intended Audience: production staff, including technicians and producers, and independent production companies. Use: This document covers the technical requirements for programmes that have been commissioned by BBC Television for London delivery, either directly or on tape. It is also available on bbc.co.uk. DQ Reference Version Date Last Reviewed tv_02_01 01.13 13/11/2009 November 2009 Key Words Television technical standards, TV delivery, London DQ Location Internal: http://guidelines.gateway.bbc.co.uk/dq/tv/standards.shtml#london External: www.bbc.co.uk/guidelines/dq/contents/television.shtml BBC Technical Standards for Network Television Programme Delivery BBC Technical Standards for Network Television Programme Delivery (BBC One, BBC Two, BBC Three, BBC Four, CBeebies and the CBBC Channel) Version 01.13 Version 01.13 13/11/2009 DQ Ref tv_02_01 © BBC 2009 2 BBC Technical Standards for Network Television Programme Delivery 1 SCOPE OF DOCUMENT--------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 2 INTRODUCTION-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 3 TECHNICAL RESPONSIBILITIES FOR PROGRAMMES--------------------------------------5 3.1 GENERAL RESPONSIBILITIES ----------------------------------------------------------------------------5 3.2 TECHNICAL -
Leisure Opportunities 20Th September 2016 Issue
Find great staffTM leisure opportunities 20 SEPTEMBER - 3 OCTOBER 2016 ISSUE 693 Daily news & jobs: www.leisureopportunities.co.uk ukactive: Tech to ‘transform fitness’ Health club members expect there is hope for club operators wearable technology and too, as a clear majority (66 per Netflix-style workout services cent) cite the gym as their main to “transform” their gym way of keeping fit – now and in experience over the next decade. the future. That is the headline finding When it comes to predicting of a study commissioned by what a future health club could ukactive and retailer Argos look like, expectations include which quizzed more than 1,000 anti-gravity workout rooms fitness fans on what they expect and machines that ‘trick fitness to look like in 2026. muscles’ into thinking they’re Two thirds (66 per cent) working out. of respondents believe Baroness Tanni Grey- technological advances will help Thompson, ukactive chair, keep them fitter, while more than said: “As physical activity and half think wearable technology technology align, we’re entering will dictate their workouts. a brave new world with exciting One in five (20 per cent) Technological advances such as virtual fitness are expected to transform the sector opportunities to get people think virtual reality will allow more active. With two thirds them to work out with their favourite athletes (22 per cent) expecting roads to have jogging of those questioned expecting to be fitter in in their own living rooms and more than half lanes next to cycling lanes, while 8 per cent future, there is growth potential for the sector.” (57 per cent) expect to engage virtually with think drones will be on hand to encourage Undertaken in July 2016, the study of personal trainers via TVs and computers.