Small-Scale . Fisheries . Multifunctionality . Best Practices
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2013 www.fishinmed.eu SMALL-SCALE . FISHERIES . MULTIFUNCTIONALITY . BEST PRACTICES . 1 SMALL SCALE FISHERIES MULTI-FUNCTIONALITY 1 DATABASE SMALL SCALE FISHERIES MULTI-FUNCTIONALITY BEST-PRACTICES FISHINMED Mediterranean Network of sustainable small-scale fishing communities European Union ENPI CBC Mediterranean Sea Basin Programme 2007 – 2013 Project funded under the first call for proposals Priority 1. Promotion of socio-economic development and enhancement of territories Measure 1.2. Strengthening economic clusters creating synergies among potentials of the Mediterranean Sea Basin countries SMALL SCALE FISHERIES MULTI-FUNCTIONALITY 2 BEST - PRACTICES INDEX INTRODUCTION TO SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES MULTIFUNCTIONALITY _____________ 4 SMALL SCALE FISHERIES - GENERAL OVERVIEW ________________________ 4 SMALL-SCALE FISHERY MULTIFUNCTIONALITY _________________________ 4 ROLE AND DIRECTION OF THE FISHERY MULTIFUNCTIONALITY ____________ 5 METHODOLOGY ______________________________________________________ 7 INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCES – MAIN FEATURES ___________________________ 8 BEST PRACTICES DATABASE _____________________________________________ 10 AFRICA 1 - GAMBIA ______________________________________________ 11 AFRICA 2 - COMORS _____________________________________________ 15 AFRICA 3 - SENEGAL _____________________________________________ 19 AMERICA 1 - MEXICO ____________________________________________ 23 AMERICA 2 - PERU _______________________________________________ 27 AMERICA 3 - BRAZIL ______________________________________________ 32 AMERICA 4 - BRAZIL _____________________________________________ 37 AMERICA 5 - MEXICO _____________________________________________ 41 AMERICA 6 - BRAZIL ______________________________________________ 46 ASIA 1 - INDIA __________________________________________________ 50 ASIA 2 – WEST BENGAL __________________________________________ 54 ASIA 3 - CAMBODIA _____________________________________________ 59 ASIA 4 - INDONESIA _____________________________________________ 63 ASIA 5 - VIETNAM _______________________________________________ 68 ASIA 6 - BANGLADESH ___________________________________________ 73 ASIA 7 - TAIWAN ________________________________________________ 79 ASIA 8 - KOREA _________________________________________________ 85 ASIA 9 - INDONESIA _____________________________________________ 90 ASIA 10 - PHILIPPINES ____________________________________________ 95 EUROPE 1 – FRANCE ______________________________________________ 99 EUROPE 2 – DENMARK ____________________________________________ 102 EUROPE 3 – SPAIN _______________________________________________ 105 EUROPE 4 – SWEDEN _____________________________________________ 108 1 SMALL SCALE FISHERIES MULTI-FUNCTIONALITY 1 DATABASE EUROPE 5 – SPAIN _______________________________________________SMALL SCALE 112 FISHERIES EUROPE 6 – PORTUGAL ___________________________________________ MULTI-FUNCTIONALITY 116 BEST-PRACTICES EUROPE 7 – FRANCE ______________________________________________ 120 EUROPE 8 – FINLAND _____________________________________________ 124 EUROPE 9 – ESTONIA _____________________________________________ 128 EUROPE 10 – DENMARK ___________________________________________ 132 EUROPE 11 – DENMARK ___________________________________________ 136 EUROPE 12 – ESTONIA ____________________________________________ 140 EUROPE 13 – PORTUGAL __________________________________________ 144 EUROPE 14 – SWEDEN ____________________________________________ 148 EUROPE 15 – FRANCE _____________________________________________ 151 EUROPE 16 – FRANCE _____________________________________________ 154 EUROPE 17 – GERMANY ___________________________________________ 157 EUROPE 18 – DENMARK ___________________________________________ 160 EUROPE 19 – DENMARK ___________________________________________ 164 EUROPE 20 – PORTUGAL __________________________________________ 168 EUROPE 21 - ITALY _______________________________________________ 171 EUROPE 22 - ITALY _______________________________________________ 175 EUROPE 23 - ITALY _______________________________________________ 178 OCEANIA 1 - MELANESIA __________________________________________ 181 OCEANIA 2 – SOLOMON ISLANDS ___________________________________ 186 GUIDELINES DEFINITION - DRIVING FACTORS: ______________________________ 191 SELECTION OF THE BEST PRACTICES TAILORED ON THE MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES _______________________________________________________ 193 CONCLUSIONS _______________________________________________________ 204 SMALL SCALE FISHERIES MULTI-FUNCTIONALITY 2 BEST-PRACTICES SMALL SCALE FISHERIES PREFACE MULTI-FUNCTIONALITY BEST-PRACTICES Fishinmed is an ENPI co-financed project aiming at establishing a Mediterranean network (euro-Mediterranean observatory) joining public and private institutions with a view to define common strategies for the social and economic development of small fishing communities and set up a local technical support system aimed at favoring the multi-activity and increasing the income of the operators involved. In a geographical area like the Mediterranean region, where the countries share the same sea and are progressively strengthening the commercial and socio-cultural relationships, it is essential to set up common systems of sustainable resource management. In such a context, a common development strategy shall be devised and supported by the definition and transfer of knowledge and of the best practices. The multi-functionality can be a winning approach to face the current Mediterranean situation which demands flexible and innovative ways to adapt to the global market challenges and the growing attention to the marine environment. This document collects an international review of multi-functionality best practices concerning the small-scale fisheries sector. Moreover taking into account the specificity of the Mediterranean basin, a further selection of best practices which takes also into account the regulatory framework, is provided. This could be an useful tool for those stakeholders who will be interested to replicate the successful experiences undertaken in other countries and context. SMALL SCALE FISHERIES MULTI-FUNCTIONALITY 3 BEST-PRACTICES SMALL SCALE FISHERIES INTRODUCTION TO SMALL-SCALE MULTIFISHERIES-FUNCTIONALITY MULTIFUNCTIONALITY BEST-PRACTICES SMALL SCALE FISHERIES - GENERAL OVERVIEW The term ‘small-scale fisheries’ were adopted from the definition of FAO(2004), ‘small-scale fisheries can be broadly characterized as a dynamic and evolving sector employing labour intensive harvesting, processing and distribution technologies to exploit marine and inland water fisheries resources. The activities of this sub-sector, conducted full-time or part-time or just seasonally, are often targeted on supplying fish and fisheries products to local and domestic markets, and for subsistence consumption. Export-oriented production, however, list of Terminology definition has increased in many small-scale fisheries during the last one to two decades because of greater market integration and globalization. While typically men are engaged in fishing and women in fish processing and marketing, women are also known to engage in near shore harvesting activities and men are known to engage in fish marketing and distribution. Other ancillary activities such as net-making, boat- building, engine repair and maintenance, etc, can provide additional fishery-related employment and income opportunities in marine and inland fishing communities. Small-scale fisheries operate at widely differing organizational levels ranging from self-employed single operators through informal micro-enterprises to formal sector business. This sub-sector, therefore, is not homogenous within and across countries and regions and attention to this fact is warranted when formulating strategies and policies for enhancing its contribution to food security and poverty alleviation’. SMALL-SCALE FISHERY MULTIFUNCTIONALITY Multi-functionality in the context of the small scale fisheries sector can respond to the declining profitability and falling employment in the fishery sector and the possibility of diversification is relevant for many types of areas, offering fishermen, their families and other members of the fisheries community a possibility to create SMALL SCALE FISHERIES MULTI-FUNCTIONALITY 4 BEST-PRACTICES additional sources of employment and income, while also providingSMALL services SCALE thatFISHERIES MULTI-FUNCTIONALITY help fisheries areas remain viable places to live, fish and do business. BEST-PRACTICES Multi-functionality is therefore to be considered an integrative activity and in no way a substitution of the main fishery activity. Multi-functionality can be interpreted in many different ways. 1. Diversification of primary production activities (e.g. new fishing techniques and gear) – i.e. diversification within the fishing sector; 2. Diversification of activities within the fish value chain (often regarding those adding value to fish products: short circuits as direct sales, marketing strategies, etc); 3. Pluri-activity, whereby fishermen and their families continue to obtain income from traditional fishing, whilst also carry out integrative activities, such as fishing tourism or restaurants and catering; 4. Broader diversification of the fisheries area into sectors not directly related to fishing, such as environmental, research, social services, renewable energies or other emerging sectors. ROLE AND DIRECTION OF THE FISHERY MULTIFUNCTIONALITY In the context of fisheries,