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The Work of the Nsw Government Architect's Branch- 1958-1973

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The Work of the Nsw Government Architect's Branch- 1958-1973 THE WORK OF THE NSW GOVERNMENT ARCHITECT'S BRANCH- 1958-1973 M. ARCH.DEGREE THESIS FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES Russell C.Jack 1980 The material contained in this thesis has not been submitted for a higher degree to any other university or institution. IC RUSSELL C. JACK. A—..^ */ '9&o ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. The author wishes to thank:- Richard E. Apperly, his supervisor, for constructive advice, encouragement and assistance throughout the thesis. E.H. Farmer for several long interviews, the loan of personal material and for valuable assistance in reading and correcting draft material. The late Cobden Parkes for an interview in 1977. J.W. Thomson, the present Government Architect, for reading and correcting draft material and his permission to use the many facilities of the Government Architect's Branch. G.P. Webber and P.B. Hall for similar assistance in reading and correcting draft material. The following members both past and present, of the Government Architect's Branch who have helped the author with interviews or answered his questionnaire:- A. Andersons especially, for many discussions and the loan of a number of his own documentary records of the Branch's work. D. Anderson, S. Bishop, P. Bridges, A. Brunker, R. Bryant, D. Churches, E. Claire, D. Coleman, A. Correy, R. Dinham, M. Dysart, L. Glendenning, W. Kingston, R. Kirkwood, 0. Kosterin, L. Kristensen, B. MacDonald, J. McKinney, J. Nicholas, D. Orr, J. Paynter, P. Proudfoot, J. Rabong, L. Reedman, V. Selig, B. Sneyd, C. Still, K. Thirsk, D. Turner* J. Van der Steen, C. Weatherburn and K. Woolley. T. Muir of the Public Works Department of New South Wales for making available photographs and organising their duplication. The staff at the print room, library, staff section and photographic section of the Public Works Department of New South Wales for their assistance. The staff of the N.S.W. Government Printing Office. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE VOLUME 1 NO. INTRODUCTION & SUMMARY SECTION 1. HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF THE GOVERNMENT ARCHITECT'S BRANCH CHAPTER 1. THE PERIOD LEADING UP TO 1958 3 THE PRIVATE PRACTITIONERS 15 CHAPTER 2. THE EARLY YEARS OF THE 1958 - 1973 PERIOD 18 DIVISION OF THE DRAWING OFFICE 25 REALISATION OF EARLY AIMS 27 EARLY INFLUENTIAL MEN 29 HARRY REMBERT 29 THOMAS BARFORD 32 JACK CLAYTON 33 H.R. W. ORR 34 THE YOUNG TURKS 35 CHAPTER 3. THE MIDDLE AND LATER YEARS OF THE 38 1958 - 1973 PERIOD THE YOUNG TURKS - VALE 45 CHAPTER 4. E.H. FARMER 48 THE PHILOSOPHY OF E.H. FARMER 48 MEN OUTSIDE THE GOVERNMENT ARCHITECT'S BRANCH WHO INFLUENCED FARMER 54 FARMER'S ATTITUDE TO ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION 58 THE LEADERSHIP OF E.H. FARMER 61 CHAPTER 5. THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE GOVERNMENT ARCHITECT'S BRANCH WITH THE PRIVATE PRACTITIONERS 65 THE INFLUENCE OF THE BRANCH ON THE PRIVATE PRACTITIONERS 79 CHAPTER 6. DESIGN AWARDS . 82 DESIGN AWARDS TO THE BRANCH FOR WORK INSTIGATED BETWEEN 1958 AND 1973 83 SECTION 2. THE WORK OF THE BRANCH CHAPTER 7. THE HIGH SCHOOLS PROGRAMME 85 HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT 85 THE IMMEDIATE POST-WAR PERIOD 85 ' PREFABRICATION 87 CURTAIN WALLS 88 EARLY SIGNS OF CHANGE 90 THE DOUGH, WT SOLUTION 93 PREFABRICATED CLASSROOMS 101 CONSORTIUM SCHOOLS 102 STUDY 1 SCHOOL 103 STUDY 2 SCHOOL 104 STUDY 3 SCHOOL 105 SPECIAL DESIGNS 107 STANDARD DESIGNS FOR ASSEMBLY HALLS, LIBRARIES AND LABORATORY BLOCKS 112 STANDARD ASSEMBLY HALLS 112 BINI SHELLS 114 STANDARD LIBRARY AND LABORATORY BLOCKS 116 CONCLUSION 117 CHAPTER 8. THE PRIMARY SCHOOLS PROGRAMME 120 HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT 120 THE CLUSTER PLAN 123 K PLAN OR 1-70 SCHOOL 125 VARIATIONS 126 EXPERIMENTAL SCHOOLS 127 CONCLUSION 133 CHAPTER 9. POLICE STATIONS AND COURT HOUSES 136 CHAPTER 10. HEALTH BUILDINGS 140 HOSPITALS 140 CHAPTER 11. OFFICE BUILDINGS 148 CHAPTER 12. TERTIARY EDUCATION BUILDINGS AND TECHNICAL COLLEGES 152 TERTIARY EDUCATION BUILDINGS 152 CONCLUSION 169 TECHNICAL COLLEGES 170 CHAPTER 13. SPECIAL PROJECTS 172 GOLDSTEIN HALL & BAXTER COLLEGE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 173 BROUGHTON HALL PSYCHIATRIC CLINIC. 176 PARRAMATTA TRAINING CENTRE FOR • RETARDED CHILDREN (MARSDEN). 177 TARONGA ZOOLOGICAL PARK. 179 THE ART GALLERY OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 183 PARLIAMENT HOUSE AND THE EAST SIDE OF MACQUARIE STREET. 187 STATE BRICKWORKS. 191 SYDNEY OPERA HOUSE. 191 CHAPTER 14. PRESERVATION AND CONSERVATION 193 CHAPTER 15. CONCLUSION 199 REFERENCES 205 BIBLIOGRAPHY 216 APPENDICES 1. LIST OF GOVERNMENT ARCHITECTS OF N.S.W. 222 2. THE MAIN EVENTS IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER OF THE GOVERNMENT ARCHITECT'S BRANCH AFFECTING THE PERIOD UNDER CONSIDERATION 224 3. LIST OF GOVERNMENT ARCHITECT'S BRANCH STAFF MENTIONED IN OR GERMANE TO THIS STUDY 227 4. SIGNIFICANT GOVERNMENT ARCHITECT'S BRANCH BUILDINGS PRIOR TO 1959 231 5. TALLAWARRA POWER STATION REPORT 232 6. CORRESPONDENCE BY COBDEN PARKES 235 7. NOTES BY C. WEATHERBURN 251 8. LETTER FROM G.P. WEBBER, THE THEN GOVERNMENT ARCHITECT, TO THE DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC WORKS 254 9. MEMBERS OF THE GOVERNMENT ARCHITECT'S BRANCH WHO WERE AWARDED TRAVELLING SCHOLARSHIPS ON GRADUATION 256 APPENDICES CONT. 10. SIGNIFICANT BUILDINGS 257 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE SCHEDULE 258 SCHEDULE OF SIGNIFICANT BUILDINGS 259 11. STRUCTURE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS AND FARMER'S ATTITUDE TO IT 278 12. LIST OF COMMITTEES ON WHICH THE GOVERNMENT ARCHITECT SERVED 280 13. PHOTOGRAPHIC CREDITS 281 INDEX 283 VOLUME 2 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ILLUSTRATIONS VOLUME I Introduction and Summary 1 The period under consideration saw the growth and fruition of a radical approach to architectural design in the Government Architect's Branch of the New South Wales Public Works Department. High aesthetic standards were set: the application of these standards in an atmosphere of enthusiastic dedication produced a new, vital architectural expression for the public buildings of New South Wales. The quality of the Government Architect's work brought the Branch to the forefront of the architectural profession, whence it exerted a beneficial influence on many private practitioners. E.H. Farmer, the Government Architect of the period, gained the high respect of his peers and in 1972 he was awarded the R.A.I.A.'s Gold Medal - the highest honour which can be bestowed on a member. The early chapters of this study describe, in broad chronological order, the developments which took place in the Government Architect's Branch. Mention is also made of the influence which many leading architects, as well as other professionals, had on the Branch's design work. In later chapters the buildings designed by the Branch are classified into broad use-types and each type is then examined in chronological order. While this method of analysis necessitates some back-tracking and repetition, it provides a better understanding of the evolution of the various building types than would be provided by a broader survey. The appendices include a chronological list of significant events, in precis form, for convenient reference. Apart from a few short papers on specialised subjects, there has been no comprehensive documentation of the history of the Government Architect's Branch during the period being examined. Consequently the story of the Branch's development has been pieced together from interviews with many people who were members of the Government Architect's Branch during this period. Some accounts of events have 2 appeared conflicting. It is natural that individual comment may be unintentionally biased. Every effort has been made by the author to present an accurate and balanced assessment. E.H. Farmer delivered the Hook Memorial Address on 11th May, 1973. In the course of this address the beliefs which contributed to his leadership of the Branch were succinctly revealed: "...if the voioe of the architect goes unheeded, humanity is that much closer to the abyss." SECTION 1 HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF THE GOVERNMENT ARCHITECTS BRANCH Chapter 1 The Period Leading up to 1958 3 Both during the war years and later into the 1950s, the Government Architect's Branch of the N.S.W. Public Works Department received little respect from those members of the architectural profession who saw architecture as an image of progressive contemporary society. Enthusiastic architects, especially younger graduates and part-time * students, were not attracted by or drawn to the Department, whose advertisements for design architects proved fruitless. This dis­ enchantment was due almost entirely to the fact that potential employees considered that the bureaucratic climate "...of rigidity, conformity and lack of opportunity" restricted good design. A vicious circle existed: on the one hand, low quality design work out of tune with contemporary architectural thought and on the other, a lack of enthusiastic and inspired architects in the Govern­ ment Architect's Branch. Unlikely as it may seem, the N.S.W. Government Architect's Branch rose from this inauspicious position during the early 1950s to the forefront of the architectural profession. By the mid 1960s a new image of the branch had arisen, since by that time it had produced sufficient fine buildings to stir the profession and fire the imagination of architects throughout Australia. That such high aesthetic ideals could be generated in a bureau­ cratic environment and flourish in the way they did, was an outstanding achievement and is to the lasting credit of the Government Architects of the period. During the Depression of the 1930s and the Second World War (1939- 1945), there was very little public building in the State. What was built was basic and generally undistinguished. Some fine buildings had been produced, but they were far from being typical of the work of the Branch. 3 * Many students studied at the Sydney Technical College in the evening and worked during the day as a pre-requisite for their professional training. 4 Buildings were designed in much the same way as in previous ysars, with little spirit or evidence of love of building or the environ­ ment.
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