Configuración De La Herramienta Symmetricds Para El Proyecto

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Configuración De La Herramienta Symmetricds Para El Proyecto Serie Científica de la Universidad de las Ciencias Informáticas Vol. 10, No. 3, Mes Marzo, 2017 ISSN: 2306-2495 | RNPS: 2343 Pág. 40-54 http://seriecientifica.uci.cu Tipo de artículo: Artículo original Temática: Soluciones informáticas Recibido: 10/12/16 | Aceptado: 10/03/17 | Publicado: 27/03/17 Configuración de la herramienta SymmetricDS para el proyecto Sistema Integral de Perforación de Pozos (SIPP) Conguration of SymmetricDS’s tool for Integral System of Drilling Petroleum (SIPP) Dayana Leticia López Chávez 1*, Leanni Rodríguez Noblet 1 1 Universidad de las Ciencias Informáticas. Centro de Informática Industrial, Carretera a San Antonio de los Baños, km 2 1⁄2, Torrens, Boyeros, La Habana, Cuba. CP.: 19370, Telf. (837) 8246, Email:{dlchavez, lnoblet}@uci.cu * Autor para correspondencia: [email protected] Resumen La Universidad de las Ciencias Informáticas, específicamente el Centro de Desarrollo Industrial perteneciente a la Facultad 4, conjuntamente con la empresa Cuba-Petróleo, desarrolló el Sistema Integral de Perforación de Pozos. La investigación consiste en configurar la herramienta SymmetricDS para la replicación de los datos, eliminando redundancia, errores y desactualización de la información en la base de datos del sistema desplegado en la Dirección de Intervención y Perforación de Pozos y en cada uno de los pozos petroleros. El principal resultado consiste en obtener una base de datos actualizada en todas las entidades donde se encuentra el sistema desplegado y así lograr una correcta gestión, control y flujo de la información. Palabras Clave: base de datos, información, pozos petroleros, replicación de los datos. Abstract Information Science University (UCI), specifically the Industrial Development Center (CEDIN) belonging to the Faculty 4 together with the direction of CUPET, develop a system for Integral System of Drilling Petroleum (SIPP). The research aims to configure the SymmetricDS tool for data replication to eliminate redundancy, errors and 40 Serie Científica de la Universidad de las Ciencias Informáticas Vol. 10, No. 3, Mes Marzo, 2017 ISSN: 2306-2495 | RNPS: 2343 Pág. 40-54 http://seriecientifica.uci.cu outdated information in the Intervention and Drilling Direction entity (DIPP) and in each of the Oil wells that SIPP system is deployed. The result is a database updated with all necessary information for the correct function of the management process, control and information flow. Keywords: database, data replication, information, oil wells. Introducción Desde que el hombre comenzó a dejar pruebas de su paso a través de los años, la información se volvió imprescindible para su vida, más ahora en el siglo XXI, con el establecimiento de una sociedad donde la información está presente en todos los ámbitos en que se desarrolla, especialmente en los centros informáticos que tienen que manejar grandes cantidades de información. Por tales motivos, surge la necesidad de utilizar bases de datos para gestionar este valioso recurso de forma eficiente y efectiva. Según (Gillermo Aramburu, 2010) se le denomina Base de Datos a los bancos de información que contienen datos relativos a diversas temáticas y categorizados de distinta manera, pero que comparten entre sí algún tipo de vínculo o relación que busca ordenarlos y clasificarlos en conjunto. Con la evolución de las computadoras, las bases de datos fueron progresando paralelamente con el desarrollo de la tecnología, haciéndose cada vez más útiles en el desarrollo de la sociedad. Con la necesidad de lograr la gestión de las bases de datos surgen los Sistemas Gestores de Bases de Datos (SGBD), que según (Menéndez, 2015) se definen en “Un tipo de software muy específico, dedicado a servir de interfaz entre las bases de datos y los sistemas que la utilizan. Sus funciones principales son la creación, mantenimiento, eliminación de bases de datos, el control de accesos y la manipulación de información de acuerdo a las necesidades del usuario”. Para poder garantizar que ciertos datos de la base de datos sean almacenados en más de un sitio y así aumentar la disponibilidad de la información y mejorar el funcionamiento de las consultas globales a la base de datos. Se hace necesario el uso de la replicación de datos. Actualmente la empresa Cuba-Petróleo (CUPET) se encuentra inmersa en un proceso de expansión de sus principales procesos productivos, las expectativas que se plantean sobre las posibilidades reales del país de la exploración y 41 Serie Científica de la Universidad de las Ciencias Informáticas Vol. 10, No. 3, Mes Marzo, 2017 ISSN: 2306-2495 | RNPS: 2343 Pág. 40-54 http://seriecientifica.uci.cu perforación de petróleo han propiciado un ambiente de trabajo favorable para la realización de convenios de trabajos con la Universidad de las Ciencias Informáticas (UCI), debido a la imperiosa necesidad de informatizar sus principales procesos de producción, surge el Sistema Integral de Perforación de Pozos (SIPP) que se encuentra en el Centro de Desarrollo Informático Industrial (CEDIN) de la Facultad 4. El Sistema Integral de Perforación de Pozos (SIPP) se encuentra desplegado en la Dirección de Intervención y Perforación de Pozos (DIPP, encargada de controlar todas las operaciones y actividades que se realizan en los pozos en perforación) y en cada uno de los pozos petroleros que tienen convenio con esta entidad. Actualmente debido a la distancia que existe entre la DIPP y los pozos petroleros, la comunicación entre ellos se ha afectado, trayendo consigo que el proceso de gestión, control y flujo de la información, no se realice correctamente ocasionando redundancia, errores y desactualización en el almacenamiento de los datos. En tal sentido, se decide realizar un estudio y análisis de las herramientas de replicación de datos para dar solución inmediata a los problemas antes mencionados. Materiales y métodos o Metodología computacional Para alcanzar los objetivos propuestos se utilizan los siguientes métodos científicos: Métodos Teóricos Histórico-Lógico: Se investigó las características y elementos fundamentales de las herramientas de replicación existentes. Analítico-sintético: Con el análisis de las teorías y documentos se determinaron los elementos fundamentales de las herramientas de replicación. Métodos Empíricos Análisis de documentos: Permitió realizar el estudio de variada documentación referente a las herramientas de replicación con el objetivo de obtener la experiencia y sugerencias que pudieran ser incorporadas a través de esta investigación. 42 Serie Científica de la Universidad de las Ciencias Informáticas Vol. 10, No. 3, Mes Marzo, 2017 ISSN: 2306-2495 | RNPS: 2343 Pág. 40-54 http://seriecientifica.uci.cu Entornos de réplica A continuación, se detallan los diferentes tipos de entornos de réplica que se pueden utilizar para realizar una correcta replicación de datos, como son: Maestro-Esclavo (master-slave): Es un entorno de replicación de datos que permite que los datos sean almacenados por un grupo donde un solo miembro del grupo es designado como el "maestro" de una pieza dada de datos y es el único nodo que puede modificar ese elemento de datos, si otros miembros desean modificar el primer elemento de datos deben comunicarse con el nodo maestro, permitiendo lograr la coherencia entre los miembros del grupo. La principal desventaja es que si ocurre un cambio en alguno de los miembros del grupo no se podrá actualizar ningún otro nodo Cherencio, 2013). La siguiente figura muestra un ejemplo de entorno maestro-esclavo donde se puede apreciar que la réplica se realiza en un solo sentido. Figura 1: Entorno maestro-esclavo (Luaces, 2014) Maestro-Maestro (multi-master): Consiste en varias bases de datos que interactúan como pares iguales para participar en un modelo de actualización en cualquier lugar. Las actualizaciones realizadas en un sitio maestro individual se propagan a otro sitio maestro participante. Según (Keating, 2014) es un entorno de replicación de datos que permite que los datos sean almacenados por un grupo de computadores y actualizado por cualquier miembro del grupo. El sistema de replicación multi-master es responsable de propagar las modificaciones de datos realizadas por cada miembro con el resto del grupo. Entre las ventajas fundamentales se encuentra que cada miembro del grupo puede estar ubicado en cualquier lugar y permite leer o escribir 43 Serie Científica de la Universidad de las Ciencias Informáticas Vol. 10, No. 3, Mes Marzo, 2017 ISSN: 2306-2495 | RNPS: 2343 Pág. 40-54 http://seriecientifica.uci.cu consultas que serán enviadas a varias computadoras replicadas, aumentando el rendimiento mediante la sincronización de los cambios entre servidores. La siguiente figura muestra gráficamente como quedaría la réplica donde se utilice el entorno maestro-maestro. Figura 2: Entorno maestro-maestro. (Luaces, 2014) Modelos de distribución de datos Los Sistemas de Bases de Datos Distribuida (SBDD) tienen dos modelos de distribución que se aplican a cada uno de los entornos de replicación vistos, los cuales se basan en la medida de latencia para llevar a cabo la sincronización de bases de datos. La medida de latencia es la cantidad de tiempo que una réplica puede estar inconsistente hasta llegar a estar consistente con la fuente primaria designada. La sincronización es la actualización de las bases de datos en un ambiente de replicación mediante el intercambio de la información actualizada de cada nodo. Los modelos de distribución son: Asincrónica: es llamada de consistencia débil respecto a los datos almacenados, ya que existe una latencia, es decir una desactualización de la copia replicada respecto a la original. La replicación asincrónica permite un alto nivel de autonomía en los sitios ya que un usuario puede trabajar sin estar conectado a la red, estas modificaciones se guardan en una bitácora local y una vez conectados a la red se actualizarán en el siguiente período de replicación. Sincrónica: también llamada replicación en tiempo real por su rapidez con que actualiza los cambios, la desactualización es casi nula y el tiempo de latencia casi es cero. La replicación sincrónica genera un alto nivel de sobrecarga en la red y no permite que los usuarios puedan trabajar desconectados.
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