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A New Goatfish Species of the Genus Upeneus (Mullidae) Based on Molecular and Morphological Screening and Subsequent Taxonomic Analysis

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A New Goatfish Species of the Genus Upeneus (Mullidae) Based on Molecular and Morphological Screening and Subsequent Taxonomic Analysis Marine Biology Research ISSN: 1745-1000 (Print) 1745-1019 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/smar20 A new goatfish species of the genus Upeneus (Mullidae) based on molecular and morphological screening and subsequent taxonomic analysis Franz Uiblein & Gavin Gouws To cite this article: Franz Uiblein & Gavin Gouws (2014) A new goatfish species of the genus Upeneus (Mullidae) based on molecular and morphological screening and subsequent taxonomic analysis, Marine Biology Research, 10:7, 655-681, DOI: 10.1080/17451000.2013.850515 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2013.850515 © 2014 The Author(s). Published by Taylor & Francis. Published online: 25 Mar 2014. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 1090 View related articles View Crossmark data Citing articles: 5 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=smar20 Download by: [197.249.5.5] Date: 19 October 2015, At: 05:48 Marine Biology Research, 2014 Vol. 10, No. 7, 655–681, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2013.850515 ORIGINAL ARTICLE A new goatfish species of the genus Upeneus (Mullidae) based on molecular and morphological screening and subsequent taxonomic analysis FRANZ UIBLEIN1,2 & GAVIN GOUWS2* 1Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway, and 2South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Grahamstown, South Africa Abstract A new goatfish, Upeneus heemstra sp. nov. (Mullidae), from the Western Indian Ocean and SE India is described from initial DNA barcoding and quantitative morphological screening, followed by a taxonomic analysis featuring the comparison of 56 meristic, morphometric and colour characters compiled from 340 specimens of 10 phenotypically similar species. The new species differs clearly from U. oligospilus (Persian Gulf), U. tragula (Eastern Indian Ocean and West Pacific) and U. niebuhri – resurrected here – from the Gulf of Suez (Red Sea) in the combination of the following characters: caudal peduncle, head, snout, postorbital, barbel and caudal-fin length, anal-fin and second dorsal-fin height, and the number of oblique bars on the caudal fin. These four species can be distinguished from the six other species of the so-called tragula group primarily by colour pattern and appear to represent a distinct ‘dark-freckled’ species complex. An updated identification key for the tragula species group is provided and remarks on size-related and population differences are made. Key words: Character displacement, DNA barcoding, population comparisons, size-related differences, species complex, Western Indian Ocean Introduction Uiblein & Heemstra 2010, 2011a,b; Uiblein 2011; Uiblein & Lisher 2013) and preliminary evidence of Ocean habitats are mostly connected and spacious, population differentiation at various geographic thus allowing highly mobile organisms such as fishes scales has been documented for distinct species to distribute widely. Determining the spatial delimi- tations of fish populations or species is therefore (e.g. Uiblein 2011; Uiblein & Heemstra 2011a,b). often difficult, an additional obstacle being the still In their regional revision of the Upeneus spe- insufficiently known diversity. Detailed genetic and cies from the Western Indian Ocean, Uiblein & Downloaded by [197.249.5.5] at 05:48 19 October 2015 phenotypic studies, at best in combination, are a Heemstra (2010) assembled phenotypically similar promising tool to uncover ‘cryptic’ diversity that is species into groups to simplify comparisons among not immediately evident, thus providing new insights the many species of this genus. This approach was for both basic and applied marine biological science. followed in several recent taxonomic accounts The family of the goatfishes (Mullidae), ecologi- (Uiblein & Heemstra 2011a,b; Yamashita et al. cally and commercially important inhabitants of 2011; Motomura et al. 2012; Uiblein & McGrouther sand-associated, shallow habitats (Uiblein 2007), is 2012; Uiblein & Causse 2013; Uiblein & Lisher a clade that requires enhanced biodiversity-related 2013) with additional new species being added and research. For instance, in the Western Indian Ocean, species groups updated. Accordingly, one very dis- 12 new species of the genera Mulloidichthys, Upeneus tinct species, U. filifer (Ogilby, 1910), and five and Parupeneus have been described only recently phenotypically separable species groups, each con- (Randall & Heemstra 2009; Randall & King 2009; taining between four and nine species, have been *Correspondence: Gavin Gouws, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa. E-mail: [email protected] Published in collaboration with the Institute of Marine Research, Norway (Accepted 18 September 2013; Published online 25 March 2014; Printed 1 April 2014) © 2014 The Author(s). Published by Taylor & Francis. This is an Open Access article. Non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly attributed, cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way, is permitted. The moral rights of the named author(s) have been asserted. 656 F. Uiblein and G. Gouws distinguished (Uiblein & Heemstra 2010; Uiblein & from off Australia, Indonesia, Vietnam and several Causse 2013; Uiblein & Lisher 2013): the japonicus other areas were examined and compared with the group with U. asymmetricus Lachner, 1954, Western Indian Ocean material. In parallel with this U. australiae Kim & Nakaya, 2002, U. francisi Randall work, tissue samples mostly taken from collected or & Guézé, 1992, U. guttatus (Day, 1868), U. itoui photographed voucher specimens from various loc- Yamashita et al., 2011, U. japonicus (Houttuyn, alities in the Indo-West Pacific became available for 1782), U. pori Ben-Tuvia & Golani, 1989, U. saiab molecular studies. Uiblein & Lisher, 2013, and U. seychellensis Uiblein & Here, we analyse a large number of genetic and Heemstra, 2011; the moluccensis group with U. doriae phenotypic data gathered from specimens originally (Günther, 1869), U. moluccensis (Bleeker, 1855), U. identified as U. tragula and from several other quadrilineatus Cheng & Wang in Chu et al., 1963, and Upeneus species. Based on initial screening of three U. sulphureus (Cuvier, 1829); the stenopsis group with independent data sets, involving DNA sequencing U. davidaromi Golani, 2001, U. mascareinsis Four- and quantitative morphometric and meristic com- manoir & Guézé, 1967, U. stenopsis Uiblein & parisons, we provide cumulative evidence for the McGrouther, 2012, U. subvittatus (Temminck & existence of a still undescribed species that occurs Schlegel, 1843), and U. vanuatu Uiblein & Causse, in the Western Indian Ocean and SE India. Based 2013; the vittatus group with U. indicus Uiblein & on comparative studies of 56 meristic, morpho- Heemstra, 2010, U. parvus Poey, 1852, U. suahelicus metric and colour characters compiled from a total Uiblein & Heemstra, 2010, U. supravittatus Uiblein & of 340 specimens representing all species of the Heemstra, 2010, and U. vittatus (Forsskål, 1775); tragula group, we describe Upeneus heemstra sp. and the tragula group with U. luzonius Jordan & Seale, nov., a species that was previously confused with 1907, U. margarethae Uiblein & Heemstra, 2010, U. tragula. We also confirm the validity of the U. mouthami Randall & Kulbicki, 2006, U. oligospilus species U. oligospilus, resurrect the species U. Lachner, 1954, U. randalli Uiblein & Heemstra, niebuhri, and present a key for the Indian Ocean 2011, U. sundaicus (Bleeker, 1855), U. taeniopterus species of the tragula group. Remarks on differ- Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829, and U. ences among size groups and populations are tragula Richardson, 1846. also made. Species from the tragula group can be distin- guished from all other congeners by the following Materials and methods combination of characteristics: VIII dorsal-fin spines, total gill rakers 18–26, pectoral-fin rays Molecular approach 12–15, pelvic-fin length 0.8–1.1 times in pectoral Representatives of four Upeneus species were fins, bars on caudal fin in fresh fish of all species, and included in the genetic analysis. These included bars retained or not retained in preserved fish. The U. heemstra sp. nov. and two representatives (U. tragula name-bearing species for this group, the freckled and U. margarethae) of the tragula species group goatfish Upeneus tragula, has been documented to be (Uiblein & Heemstra 2010). Representatives of particularly widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific U. tragula were included from the West Pacific and from South Africa to Japan (e.g. Uiblein et al. 1998; Eastern Indian Ocean. These included specimens Downloaded by [197.249.5.5] at 05:48 19 October 2015 Randall & Kulbicki 2006; Uiblein & Heemstra 2010) collected from Guangdong, China, near the type and one may be tempted to hypothesize the exist- locality of the species (Richardson 1846). Represen- ence of a yet insufficiently explored diversity. In fact, tatives of U. heemstra sp. nov. were from the Western Lachner (1954) described an additional species from Indian Ocean and Sri Lanka. Three specimens of the Persian Gulf, showing dark freckles on the body U. suahelicus, collected from Tanzania (Zanzibar) and fins like U. tragula and named it U. oligospilus. and Madagascar, served as more distantly related Assumptions were made that U. tragula may overlap outgroups for the analysis.
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