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Birth Control Health Information Sheets

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Birth Control Health Information Sheets Birth Control Health Information Sheets Table of Contents Abstinence ……………………………………………………………………. 3 Birth Control Injection …………...…………………………………………… 5 Birth Control Patch ……………………..……………………………………. 9 Birth Control Pill……………………………….………………………………... 13 Condom (Male)………………………………………………………………….. 17 Condom (Vaginal)………………………………………………………………. 19 Diaphragm……………………………………………………………………….. 21 Emergency Contraception……………………………………………………... 25 Fertility Awareness Based (FAB) …………………………………………….. 29 Hormonal Birth Control: Extended and Continuous Use…………………… 31 Intrauterine Contraceptives……………………………………………………. 35 Lactation Amenorrhea (LAM) …………………………………………………. 39 Progestin-Only Pill………………………………………………………………. 41 Sponge…………………………………………………………………………… 45 Tubal Ligation…………………………………………………………………… 47 Vaginal Contraceptive Ring……………………………………………………. 49 Vaginal Spermicides……………………………………………………………. 53 Vasectomy……………………………………………………………………….. 55 Withdrawal……………………………………………………………………….. 57 ©2020 This page left intentionally blank. ©2020 3 Abstinence What is abstinence? Abstinence means different things to different people. It may mean making the choice not to have any sexual contact including: self-touch (masturbation) direct touching of your partner’s genitals vaginal sex (penis to vagina) anal sex (penis to anus) oral sex (mouth to anus or genitals) For some people, abstinence may include certain types of sexual contact. How well does abstinence work at preventing pregnancy and STIs? If you are having sex and no method of birth control is used, there’s about an 85% chance of getting pregnant after 1 year. You can’t get pregnant if you are abstinent (no genital contact). You can get pregnant if sperm is near the opening of the vagina. You can’t get STIs if you don’t have skin to skin contact or pass body fluids between partner(s). Why choose abstinence? People may choose abstinence: if not ready or don’t want to have sex as a short-term form of birth control (e.g. to prevent pregnancy waiting to start another method) to prevent STIs and HIV for other personal reasons for medical reasons How can I be abstinent? You can choose to be abstinent at any time, even if you’ve had sex before. Set your sexual limits and think about what sexual activities you are okay with. Talk with your partner(s) about your choices and limits. 606097 © Alberta Health Services, (2019) 4 What are the benefits of abstinence? The benefits of abstinence (no genital contact) include: no risk of pregnancy no risk of STIs and HIV always available What are the disadvantages of abstinence? It might be hard to stay abstinent for some people. Alcohol, cannabis and other drugs can affect how you think and make decisions. Consider having a plan for safer sexual practices including condoms and birth control. Think about getting emergency contraception as soon as possible to help prevent pregnancy if birth control wasn’t used. Did You Know? You have the right to make the decision to have sex or not. You can plan ahead and talk to your partner(s) about how to lower your risk of pregnancy, STIs, and HIV. You can consider getting regular testing for STIs and HIV. Talk to your health care provider. Many clinics offer low or no cost birth control. To find a clinic near you visit ahs.ca/srh For 24/7 nurse advice and general health information, call Health Link at 811. Websites ahs.ca/srh ReadyOrNotAlberta.ca teachingsexualhealth.ca myhealth.alberta.ca sexandu.ca This material is for information purposes only. It should not be used in place of medical advice, instruction and/or treatment. If you have questions, please speak with your doctor or appropriate health care provider. 5 Birth Control Injection What is the birth control injection? The birth control injection is given to help prevent pregnancy. It contains one hormone (progestin). It doesn’t contain estrogen. The birth control injection prevents pregnancy by: stopping your body from releasing an egg. If you don’t release an egg, you can’t get pregnant decreasing the amount of cervical mucous and making it thicker. This slows the movement of sperm, making it harder for them to get to the uterus making the lining of the uterus thin How well does the injection work? There’s about an 85% chance of getting pregnant after 1 year of having unprotected sex. With typical use (this means not following the exact directions) the injection is 94% effective. With perfect use (this means you follow the exact directions all the time) the injection is 99.8% effective. The injection doesn’t protect you from sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV. Use a condom every time you have sex (vaginal, oral, or anal) to lower your risk of STIs and HIV. How do I use the injection? The birth control injection is given by a health care provider. You need a prescription for the injection. It needs to be given every 12 to 13 weeks in the arm or buttocks. There are different ways to start the injection. If you get your first injection: during the first 5 days of your period, it takes 24 hours to become effective. Consider using an extra form of birth control (e.g., condoms, abstinence) during this time at any other time, you need to use an extra form of birth control (e.g., condoms, abstinence) for 7 days How will the injection affect my period? You can have spotting or bleeding between periods. If the bleeding is heavy or doesn’t stop, talk to your health care provider. Your period might stop. After one year, 46% of people stop having a period. After 2 years, up to 68% of people stop having a period. This is not harmful. 6 What are the benefits of the injection? It can be used by people who can’t take estrogen because of health problems. One injection lasts 12 weeks. It may lower your risk of endometrial and ovarian cancer. It might decrease period cramps. It might decrease symptoms of endometriosis, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), and chronic pelvic pain. What are the side effects of the injection? The injection can cause: mild headaches tender breasts upset stomach (nausea) acne less interest in sex weight gain depression If you are concerned about the side effects, talk to your health care provider. What are the risks of the injection? When you stop getting the injection, it can take several months for your body to start to release eggs. After people stop using the injection, about 50% will be pregnant at 1 year and about 90% will be pregnant by 2 years if not using any other birth control method. The injection can increase your risk of thinning bones (bone mineral loss or osteoporosis). Bone mineral loss is usually temporary and goes away when you stop. The risk may increase if you are on the injection for a long time. If you’ve used the injection for 2 years, talk to your healthcare provider about bone mineral loss. Is there anything that increases my risk of bone mineral loss? The risk of thinning bones is higher if you: have weak or brittle bones smoke have a family history of osteoporosis exercise very little or not at all have a small body frame eat or drink lots of caffeine or alcohol have an eating disorder take steroids (e.g., prednisone) You can help keep your bones healthy if you: eat foods high in calcium and vitamin D (e.g., milk, yogurt) take calcium and vitamin D supplements (talk to your pharmacist) don’t smoke limit alcohol and caffeine do weight-bearing exercises (e.g., walk, run, or dance) every day 7 What if I miss or I’m late for my injection? If your last injection was 13 to 14 weeks ago, you should still be protected from pregnancy. You need to have your injection right away and before 14 weeks have passed. If your last injection was over 14 weeks ago: use a backup form of birth control see your healthcare provider right away for your next injection if you’ve had unprotected sex, get emergency contraception (Levonorgestrel or copper IUD) Did You Know You have the right to make the decision to have sex or not. Plan ahead and talk to your partner about how to protect yourself and lower your risk of pregnancy, STIs, and HIV. Use a condom every time you have sex. Many sexual health clinics offer some types of birth control for no cost for those who qualify. You can get pregnant as soon as you stop using the injection, even if your periods are not regular. The injection is not affected by most medicines. Don’t use the injection if you’re pregnant or think you might be. Websites ahs.ca/srh myhealth.alberta.ca ReadyOrNotAlberta.ca sexandu.ca teachingsexualhealth.ca For 24/7 nurse advice and general health information, call Health Link at 811. 8 9 Birth Control Patch What is the birth control patch? The birth control patch is a thin, light brown patch that’s worn on the skin. The sticky part contains hormones (estrogen and progestin) that are like a woman’s natural hormones. The hormones are absorbed through the skin and they stop the ovaries from releasing an egg. You can’t get pregnant if you don’t release an egg. How well does the birth control patch work? There’s about an 85% chance of getting pregnant after 1 year of having unprotected sex. With typical use (not following the exact directions) the patch is 91% effective. With perfect use (you follow the exact directions) the patch is 99.7% effective. There might be a higher risk of getting pregnant if you weigh more than 90 kg (198 lbs.). Most pregnancies happen because people don’t use their patches as directed. The patch doesn’t protect you from sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or HIV. Use a condom every time you have sex (vaginal, oral, anal) to lower your risk of STIs and HIV.
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