DOCSLIB.ORG

Assessing the Causes of the End-Triassic Biotic Crisis, a Review

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Assessing the Causes of the End-Triassic Biotic Crisis, a Review Versão online: http://www.lneg.pt/iedt/unidades/16/paginas/26/30/185 Comunicações Geológicas (2014) 101, Especial III, 1473-1476 IX CNG/2º CoGePLiP, Porto 2014 ISSN: 0873-948X; e-ISSN: 1647-581X Assessing the causes of the End-Triassic biotic crisis, a review Avaliando as causas da crise biótica fini-triássica, uma revisão N. Youbi1,2*, A. Marzoli3, H. Bertrand4, E. Font5, J. Dal Corso3, L. Martins2, J. Madeira5, J. Mata2, G. Bellieni3, S. Callegaro3, M. Kh. Bensalah1,2, M. Bahir1 Artigo Curto . Short Article © 2014 LNEG – Laboratório Nacional de Geologia e Energia IP Abstract: The end-Triassic biotic crisis marks one of the major mass 4Université Lyon 1 et Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Laboratoire de extinction events in the history of life. Several explanations for this Géologie de Lyon, UMR CNRS 5276, Lyon Cedex 7, France event have been suggested, but all present unanswered challenges: (i) 5Instituto Dom Luiz (LA), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, sea-level fluctuations during the Late Triassic, does not explain the Departamento de Geologia, Lisboa, Portugal. suddenness of the extinctions in the marine realm; (ii) no impact *Corresponding author / Autor correspondente: [email protected] crater has been dated to coincide with the Triassic–Jurassic boundary (the impact responsible for the annular Manicouagan Reservoir occurred about 12 million years before the extinction event and the Rochechouart impact predates the Tr-J boundary by 1-2 Ma); (iii) 1. Introduction massive volcanic eruptions, specifically the flood basalts of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP), would have released The end-Triassic biotic crisis is one of the so called “big carbon dioxide or sulfur dioxide and aerosols, which would cause five” Phanerozoic mass extinctions (e.g., Raup & either intense global warming (from the former) or cooling (from the Sepkoski, 1982), when ca. 50% of marine genera latter). In this work we will discuss the possibility of causal link disappeared and a significant turnover of terrestrial fauna between the CAMP, the bolide impact(s) and the end-Triassic mass and flora occurred. During the last decades, there has been extinction. a vigorous debate about the stratigraphic position of the Keywords: Triassic–Jurassic boundary, Mass extinctions, Central Triassic-Jurassic (Tr-J) boundary and the mechanisms that Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) volcanism, Impact craters, Newark Supergroup. triggered the associated mass extinction. Proponents of the idea that continental flood basalts of the Central Atlantic Resumo: A crise biótica final do Triássico marca um dos principais Magmatic Province (CAMP) are responsible for the end- eventos de extinção em massa na história da vida. Foram propostas Triassic biotic crisis (e.g., Knight et al., 2004; Marzoli et várias explicações para este evento, mas todas têm desafios sem al., 2004; Nomade et al., 2007; Vérati et al., 2007; resposta: (i) flutuações do nível do mar durante o final do Triássico, Schaltegger et al., 2008; Tanner et al., 2008; Martins & que, no entanto, não explicam a rapidez das extinções no reino marinho; (ii) impacto de um asteróide, mas nenhuma cratera de Mata, 2010-11; Schoene et al., 2010; Dal Corso et al., impacto datada coincide com o limite Triássico-Jurássico (o impacto 2014) are opposed by those who favor an extraterrestrial responsável pela estrutura anular de Manicouagan ocorreu cerca de origin linked to meteoritic impact(s) (Olsen et al., 2002). 12 milhões de anos antes do evento de extinção e o impacto de The choice between these hypothesis is not easy given the Rochechouart antecede o limite Tr- J em 1–2 Ma); (iii) volumosas difficulties to date and correlate the onset of the CAMP in erupções vulcânicas, especificamente os traps basálticos da CAMP, continental areas with the marine realm turnover (e.g., que libertaram dióxido de carbono e/ou dióxido de enxofre e aerossóis, o que causaria intenso aquecimento global (no caso do Whiteside et al., 2007, 2008; Marzoli et al., 2008; Deenen primeiro) ou arrefecimento (no segundo caso). Neste trabalho et al., 2010, 2011a, 2011b), and to date impact craters. discute-se a possibilidade de nexo de causalidade entre a CAMP, Indeed, there are 184 confirmed impact structures known impacto(s) meteorítico(s) e a extinção em massa do final do on Earth (Spray & Elliott, 2014) but only a very small Triássico. number of impact structures has yielded well-constrained Palavras-chave: Limite Triássico-Jurássico, Extinções em massa, ages (e.g., Jourdan et al., 2009). Other possible causes of Vulcanismo da província magmática do Atlântico Central (CAMP), the end-Triassic mass extinction are, among others, the Crateras de impacto, Supergrupo de Newark. sea-level change and anoxia (Hallam & Wignall, 1997; Wignall, 2001). However, these mechanisms do not explain extinction in both marine and terrestrial 1 Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences-Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad ecosystems. In this work, we will discuss the possibility of University, P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech, Morocco. 2Centro de Geologia da Universidade de Lisboa (CeGUL), Faculdade de a causal link between the CAMP volcanism, bolide Ciências (FCUL), Departamento de Geologia (GeoFCUL), Lisboa, Portugal impact(s) and the end-Triassic mass extinction. 3Dipartimento di Geoscienze e CNR-IGG, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy In some of the exposed Mesozoic rift basins of the Atlantic passive margin of North America (Newark 1474 N. Youbi et al. / Comunicações Geológicas (2014) 101, Especial III, 1473-1476 Supergroup), and North Africa (Argana and Khemissat cycle, specifically with an increase in CO2. The release of basins, Morocco), it has been shown that a palynological more than 8,000 Gt of CO2 (Beerling & Berner, 2002; turnover exists, possibly correlated with the Tr-J boundary Schaller et al., 2011) is thought to have triggered global (Olsen, 1997; Deenen et al., 2010, 2011a, 2011b). The warming, shallow marine anoxia leading to blooms of palynological turnover is located a few meters below the prasinophyte green algae (van de Schootbrugge et al., CAMP basaltic lavas flows, which yielded precise U/Pb 2007; Quan et al., 2008) and the carbon cycle ages ranging from of 201.566 ± 0.031 Ma to 201.274 ± perturbations recorded in the carbon stable isotope 0.032 Ma (e.g., Blackburn et al., 2013). Therefore, it has composition of carbonates and organic matter (Hesselbo been suggested that the entire CAMP LIP postdates the et al., 2002; Galli et al., 2005; van de Schootbrugge et extinction event (by about 20-40 k.y, on the basis of al., 2007). Carbon isotope curves from higher plant n- cyclostratigraphic evidence), thus apparently denying a alkanes and total organic carbon from a marine possible causal link between the magmatic event and the sedimentary succession in Austria (Ruhl et al., 2011) can biotic turnover. be correlated to the carbonate and organic carbon isotope excursions recorded in other marine (e.g., England; 2. Did the CAMP volcanism trigger the end- Triassic Hesselbo et al., 2002) and continental (Morocco, Canada; mass extinction? Deenen et al., 2010, 2011a, 2011b; Dal Corso et al., 2014) geological settings. These stratigraphic The CAMP was emplaced at ca. 201 Ma, close to the correlations suggest that the end-Triassic extinction event Triassic–Jurassic boundary (Marzoli et al., 1999, 2004, occurred slightly before the oldest basalts in eastern 2011; Schoene et al., 2010; Blackburn et al., 2013) during North America, but simultaneously with the eruption of the early stages of the break-up of the supercontinent the oldest flows in Morocco (as also suggested by Pangaea that led to the opening of the Central Atlantic Deenen et al., 2010, 2011a, 2011b). CAMP eruptions, Ocean. CAMP magmatism is nowadays represented by mass extinction, and carbon isotope excursions seem to remnants of intrusive (layered intrusions, sills, dykes) and be coincident, thus making the case for a volcanic cause extrusive (pyroclastic sequences and lava flows) rocks that for the mass extinction. The catastrophic dissociation of occur in once-contiguous parts of northwestern Africa, gas hydrates (suggested as one possible cause of the southwestern Europe, and North and South America (e.g., largest mass extinction of all time, the so-called "Great Youbi et al., 2003; Martins et al., 2008; Callegaro et al., Dying" at the end of the Permian Period) may have 2013, 2014). exacerbated greenhouse conditions (Ruhl et al., 2011). The end-Triassic mass extinction event has been linked to the eruption of the CAMP basalts. The 3. The bolide impact(s) alternative theory estimated volume of erupted basalts (2-4×106 km3) and the brevity of emplacement (probably much less than 1 A viable alternative for a CAMP-induced extinction at the My for the peak activity), centred around the Tr-J end of the Triassic is bolide impact(s). The overall boundary, make the eruption of CAMP basalts the key extinction pattern and associated floral effects at the end of event of the Tr-J boundary interval (e.g., Marzoli et al., the Triassic do parallel those associated with the 2004; Dal Corso et al., 2014). One argument widely used Cretaceous-Tertiary Chicxulub impact (Hildebrand et al., to suggest that CAMP lavas pre-dated the Tr-J boundary 1991). Evidence includes the presence of a massive in Morocco is based on the presence of two brief increase of spores at the Tr-J boundary locally found in the magnetic reversals in the intermediate units of the Newark basin (Fowell et al., 1994). The iridium anomalies Tiourjdal and Oued Lhar sections (Morocco) that were recorded close to the Tr-J boundary in the Newark and correlated to the E23r chron from the Newark basin and Fundy basins are very weak compared to those of the to the SA5n.2r/3r and SA5r chrons of the St Audries Bay Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary and, rather than being a (Knight et al., 2004).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Multiple Fluvial Reworking of Impact Ejecta—A Case Study from the Ries Crater, Southern Germany
    Multiple fluvial reworking of impact ejecta--A case study from the Ries crater, southern Germany Item Type Article; text Authors Buchner, E.; Schmieder, M. Citation Buchner, E., & Schmieder, M. (2009). Multiple fluvial reworking of impact ejecta—A case study from the Ries crater, southern Germany. Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 44(7), 1051-1060. DOI 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2009.tb00787.x Publisher The Meteoritical Society Journal Meteoritics & Planetary Science Rights Copyright © The Meteoritical Society Download date 06/10/2021 20:56:07 Item License http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Version Final published version Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/656594 Meteoritics & Planetary Science 44, Nr 7, 1051–1060 (2009) Abstract available online at http://meteoritics.org Multiple fluvial reworking of impact ejecta—A case study from the Ries crater, southern Germany Elmar BUCHNER* and Martin SCHMIEDER Institut für Planetologie, Universität Stuttgart, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] (Received 21 July 2008; revision accepted 12 May 2009) Abstract–Impact ejecta eroded and transported by gravity flows, tsunamis, or glaciers have been reported from a number of impact structures on Earth. Impact ejecta reworked by fluvial processes, however, are sparsely mentioned in the literature. This suggests that shocked mineral grains and impact glasses are unstable when eroded and transported in a fluvial system. As a case study, we here present a report of impact ejecta affected by multiple fluvial reworking including rounded quartz grains with planar deformation features and diaplectic quartz and feldspar glass in pebbles of fluvial sandstones from the “Monheimer Höhensande” ~10 km east of the Ries crater in southern Germany.
    [Show full text]
  • Studie Van De Chronologie Van Genesis En Exodus
    Chronologie van Genesis en Exodus 5285 v.Chr. Schepping 5285-4335 Adam 5055-4143 Set (Seth) 4850-3945 Enos 4660-3750 Kenan (Kainan) 4490-3595 Mahalalel (Mahalaleël) 4325-3363 Jered 4163-3798 Henoch 3998-3029 Metuselach (Methusalem) 3811-3058 Lamech 3623-2673 Noach 3123 Geboorte van Jafet 3121-2521 Sem 3028-3024 Bouw van de ark 3023 v.Chr. Zondvloed 3021-2456 Arpachsad 2886-2426 Kenan (Kainan) 2756-2296 Selach (Selah) 2673 Verhuizing naar de vlakte van Sinear 2626-2222 Eber (Heber) 2492 v.Chr. Spraakverwarring 2492-2153 Peleg 2465 Bewoning van het land Kanaän in een grot bij Tel Aviv 2362-2123 Reü (Rehu) 2230-2000 Serug 2201 Stad met 2.000 à 3.000 inwoners bij Jeruzalem 2100-1952 Nachor (Nahor) 2021-1876 Terach 1951 Geboorte van Abram 1941 Geboorte van Saraï 1876 v.Chr. Abram en Saraï naar Kanaän 1851 Geboorte van Isaak 1814 Overlijden van Sara 1811 Huwelijk van Isaak en Rebekka 1791 Geboorte van Esau en Jakob 1776 Overlijden van Abraham 1751 Huwelijk van Esau met Kanaänitische vrouwen 1714 Jakob naar Haran 1704 Geboorte van Levi 1700 Geboorte van Jozef 1694 Jakob terug in Kanaän 1683 Jozef naar Egypte verkocht 1671 Overlijden van Isaak 1670 Jozef onderkoning van Egypte 1669-1663 De zeven jaren van overvloed 1662-1656 De zeven jaren van hongersnood 1661 v.Chr. Jakob met zijn elf zonen naar Egypte 1644 Overlijden van Jakob 1590 Overlijden van Jozef 1567 Overlijden van Levi 1526 Geboorte van Mozes 1446 v.Chr. Uittocht uit Egypte 1406 Intocht in Kanaän Afkortingen LXX = Septuaginta LXX A = Septuaginta volgens de Codex Alexandrinus LXX B = Septuaginta volgens de Codex Vaticanus MT = Masoretische Tekst SamP = Samaritaanse Pentateuch Gebed Geest van God, leer mij te gaan over de golven, in vertrouwen U te volgen, te gaan waar U mij heen leidt.
    [Show full text]
  • Logan Medallist 4. Large-Scale Impact and Earth History Richard A.F
    Document generated on 09/28/2021 12:10 p.m. Geoscience Canada Journal of the Geological Association of Canada Journal de l’Association Géologique du Canada Logan Medallist 4. Large-Scale Impact and Earth History Richard A.F. Grieve Volume 44, Number 1, 2017 Article abstract The current record of large-scale impact on Earth consists of close to 200 URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1039604ar impact structures and some 30 impact events recorded in the stratigraphic record, only some of which are related to known structures. It is a preservation See table of contents sample of a much larger production population, with the impact rate on Earth being higher than that of the moon. This is due to the Earth's larger physical and gravitational cross-sections, with respect to asteroidal and cometary Publisher(s) bodies entering the inner solar system. While terrestrial impact structures have been studied as the only source of ground-truth data on impact as a The Geological Association of Canada planetary process, it is becoming increasingly acknowledged that large-scale impact has had its effects on the geologic history of the Earth, itself. As ISSN extremely high energy events, impacts redistribute, disrupt and reprocess target lithologies, resulting in topographic, structural and thermal anomalies in 0315-0941 (print) the upper crust. This has resulted in many impact structures being the source 1911-4850 (digital) of natural resources, including some world-class examples, such as gold and uranium at Vredefort, South Africa, Ni–Cu–PGE sulphides at Sudbury, Canada Explore this journal and hydrocarbons from the Campeche Bank, Mexico.
    [Show full text]
  • Manicouagan: Asteroid Circuit by Kayak Rob Rutten
    Manicouagan: asteroid circuit by kayak Rob Rutten Photographs: https://webspace.science.uu.nl/˜rutte101/travel-albums/manicouagan/album.html Website: https://webspace.science.uu.nl/˜rutte101/Kayak_Manicouagan.html During August 2006 my wife Rietje and I fulfilled an old dream: to kayak the annular Manicouagan impact crater lake in Quebec. We paddled the full 200-km circuit, a pure wilderness voyage in magnificent scenery. Manicouagan Reservoir: the lake is the combined product of one of the largest known impacts on Earth, the subsequent ice ages, and a gigantic retention dam. It is shaped as a 10 km wide annulus around a nearly circular island of 56 km diameter. Both the lake and the island measure 2000 km2. Together, they appear as the beautiful “Eye of Quebec” on photographs from space. It is one of the most striking structures on the face of the Earth and the most obvious impact scar. Impact: a 5-km bolide (asteroid or a yet larger comet) hit this area, then part of Panagaea, 214 million years ago. It caused a fireball as far as present-day New York, a melting pot boiling the local bedrock over 50 km extent and 9 km depth, and a crater wall of about 100 km diameter. This event occurred during the Mesozoical Triassic, a warm era in which therapsids including pre-mammals throve, halfway between the previous and present cold episodes. Surprisingly, the massive extinction at the Triassic-Jurassic transition, starting the age of the dinosaurs and as bad as the K-T extinction ending it, is dated 13 My after the impact (the even worse Permian-Triassic 1 “great dying” event took place 37 My before it).
    [Show full text]
  • Triassic–Jurassic Extinction Event
    Triassic–Jurassic extinction event The Triassic–Jurassic extinction event marks the boundary between the Triassic and Jurassic % Marine extinction intensity during the Phanerozoic periods, 201.3 million years ago,[1] and is one of the major extinction events of the Phanerozoic P–Tr eon, profoundly affecting life on land and in the oceans. In the seas, a whole class (conodonts)[2] Cap K–Pg and 23–34% of marine genera disappeared.[3][4] O–S Tr–J Late D On land, all archosaurs other than (H) crocodylomorphs (Sphenosuchia and Crocodyliformes) and Avemetatarsalia (pterosaurs and dinosaurs), some remaining therapsids, and many of the large amphibians Millions of years ago became extinct. Statistical analysis of marine losses at this time suggests that the decrease in The blue graph shows the apparent percentage (not the absolute number) of marine animal genera becoming diversity was caused more by a decrease in extinct during any given time interval. It does not [5] speciation than by an increase in extinctions. represent all marine species, just those that are readily fossilized. The labels of the traditional "Big Five" extinction events and the more recently recognised End- Capitanian extinction event are clickable hyperlinks; see Contents Extinction event for more details. (source and image info) Effects Marine invertebrates Marine vertebrates Terrestrial vertebrates Current theories Gradual processes Extraterrestrial impact Volcanic eruptions References Literature External links Effects This event vacated terrestrial ecological niches, allowing the dinosaurs to assume the dominant roles in the Jurassic period. This event happened in less than 10,000 years and occurred just before Pangaea started to break apart.
    [Show full text]
  • The Geological Record of Meteorite Impacts
    THE GEOLOGICAL RECORD OF METEORITE IMPACTS Gordon R. Osinski Canadian Space Agency, 6767 Route de l'Aeroport, St-Hubert, QC J3Y 8Y9 Canada, Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT 2. FORMATION OF METEORITE IMPACT STRUCTURES Meteorite impact structures are found on all planetary bodies in the Solar System with a solid The formation of hypervelocity impact craters has surface. On the Moon, Mercury, and much of Mars, been divided, somewhat arbitrarily, into three main impact craters are the dominant landform. On Earth, stages [3] (Fig. 2): (1) contact and compression, (2) 174 impact sites have been recognized, with several excavation, and (3) modification. A further stage of more new craters being discovered each year. The “hydrothermal and chemical alteration” is also terrestrial impact cratering record is critical for our considered as a separate, final stage in the cratering understanding of impacts as it currently provides the process (e.g., [4]), and is also described below. only ground-truth data on which to base interpretations of the cratering record of other planets and moons. In this contribution, I summarize the processes and products of impact cratering and provide and an up-to-date assessment of the geological record of meteorite impacts. 1. INTRODUCTION It is now widely recognized that impact cratering is a ubiquitous geological process that affects all planetary objects with a solid surface (e.g., [1]). One only has to look up on a clear night to see that impact structures are the dominant landform on the Moon. The same can be said of all the rocky and icy bodies in the solar system that have retained portions of their earliest crust.
    [Show full text]
  • NURAZLIN ABDULLAH.Pdf
    KAJIAN TERHADAP MINERAL POLIMORF SEBAGAI BUKTI IMPAK METEORIT DAN KAITANNYA DENGAN BAHAN ASAS INDUSTRI LITIK DI BUKIT BUNUH, LENGGONG, PERAK, MALAYSIA NURAZLIN BT ABDULLAH UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA 2017 KAJIAN TERHADAP MINERAL POLIMORF SEBAGAI BUKTI IMPAK METEORIT DAN KAITANNYA DENGAN BAHAN ASAS INDUSTRI LITIK DI BUKIT BUNUH, LENGGONG, PERAK, MALAYSIA. oleh NURAZLIN BT ABDULLAH Tesis yang diserahkan untuk memenuhi keperluan bagi Ijazah Sarjana Sastera JULAI 2017 PENGHARGAAN Syukur Alhamdulillah dengan limpah rahmat dan kesyukuran yang tidak terhingga ke hadrat Ilahi kerana dengan izin dan kekuasaanNya dapat saya menyempurnakan penulisan tesis ini. Setinggi-tinggi penghargaan dan jutaan terima kasih dirakamkan kepada Prof. Dato’ Dr. Mokhtar Saidin, Pengarah Pusat Penyelidikan Arkeologi Global (PPAG), Universiti Sains Malaysia dan selaku penyelia saya atas segala nasihat, dorongan, bantuan dan keprihatinan semasa menyempurnakan tesis ini. Pada kesempatan ini juga saya ingin merakamkan ribuan terima kasih kepada Prof. Hamzah Mohamad yang sedia memberi bimbingan dan tunjuk ajar semasa menganalisis data kajian untuk tesis ini. Sanjungan budi juga kepada semua pensyarah-pensyarah, pegawai dan staf serta rakan-rakan saya di Pusat Peyelidikan Arkeologi Global atas sokongan dan dorongan dalam menyiapkan tesis ini. Kajian ini telah disokong daripada segi kewangan terutamanya oleh Geran Penyelidikan Universiti, USM dan biasiswa Mybrain oleh Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi yang telah banyak memudahkan kajian ini. Ucapan terima kasih juga ditujukan kepada Jabatan Warisan Malaysia atas keizinan bagi memasuki kawasan kajian Bukit Bunuh. Pada masa yang sama, penghargaan dan terima kasih yang tidak terhingga ditujukan kepada keluarga tercinta. Akhir sekali, saya ingin tujukan ucapan terima kasih kepada semua yang terlibat secara langsung atau tidak langsung dalam menghasilkan disertasi ini dan diharapkan disertasi ini dapat memberikan maklumat yang berguna.
    [Show full text]
  • A Tale of Clusters: No Resolvable Periodicity in the Terrestrial Impact Cratering Record
    Meier & Holm-Alwmark, 2017 – A tale of clusters (accepted for publication in MNRAS) A tale of clusters: No resolvable periodicity in the terrestrial impact cratering record Matthias M. M. Meier1* and Sanna Holm-Alwmark2 1ETH Zurich, Institute of Geochemistry & Petrology, Clausiusstrasse 25, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland 2Department of Geology, Lund University, S olvegatan 12, 22362 Lund, Sweden * E-Mail: [email protected] Accepted 2017 January 23. Received 2017 January 18; in original form 2016 July 09. This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society following peer review. The version of record is available at: dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx211 ABSTRACT Rampino & Caldeira (2015) carry out a circular spectral analysis (CSA) of the ter- restrial impact cratering record over the past 260 million years (Ma), and suggest a ~26 Ma periodicity of impact events. For some of the impacts in that analysis, new accurate and high-precision (“robust”; 2SE<2%) 40Ar-39Ar ages have recently been published, resulting in significant age shifts. In a CSA of the updated impact age list, the periodicity is strongly reduced. In a CSA of a list containing only im- pacts with robust ages, we find no significant periodicity for the last 500 Ma. We show that if we relax the assumption of a fully periodic impact record, assuming it to be a mix of a periodic and a random component instead, we should have found a periodic component if it contributes more than ~80% of the impacts in the last 260 Ma.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation Report, Manicouagan Property 2N
    GM 54952 EVALUATION REPORT, MANICOUAGAN PROPERTY 2N / MINERAUX MANIC INC. EVALUATION REPORT rri MANICOUAGAN PROPERTY MANICOUAGAN AREA, QUÉBEC NTS 22N/07 Prepared by Luciano Vendittelli, B.Sc., APGGQ MRN - GÉOINFORMATION 1997 GM 54952 June 1997 Montreal, Qc Gouvernement du Québec Ministère de l'Energle et des Ressources ® Direction générale de l'Exploration géologique et minérale CARTE MINÉRALE DU QUÉBEC, CANADA MINERAL MAP OF QUEBEC, CANADA • Cr p Amazonite An Anorthosite ® Cu A Bruche Ca Calcaire m Cu,Ni (Pt,Pd) ® Chrysotile (1) Gr Granitoides p Dolomite • Fe Quagtaq Feldspath Tourbe • Fell A Graphite O LI ® Halite (2) O Mo p Magnésite Baie d'Ungava O NI p Néphéline m NI,Cu (Pt,Pd) p Olivine O Au A Phlogopite (3) O U p Pyrite, Pyrrhotite ® Zn A Pyrochiore Pyrophyllite m Quartz (4) P Talc Baie d'Hudson p Wollastonite (1) Amiante (2) Sel gemme (3) Mica (4) Silice Baie Jamps,A lie d'Anticosti Golfe du Saint-Laurent lies de la `, Madeleine NOUVEAU- I I Roches sédimentaires BRUNSWICK L—) Intrusions telsiques et intermédiaires Roches mafiques et ultramafiques ONTARIO Intrusions et gneiss chamockitiques SFjertir• ~oélke 7-1 r Complexe gneissique ÉTATS-UNIS Métasédiments I I • I 1 Roches volcaniques (laves, tuts) Sites météoritiques 4 190 290 Kilomètres Capitale provinciale Représentation simplifiée de la carte originale é l'échelle de 1: 1 500 000 Centre de diffusion 5700, 4e Avenue ouest, local A-201 FIGURE 1 Chadesbourg (Québec) G1H 6R1 Téléphone: (418) 643.4601 Od ~ Télécopieur: (418) 644-3814 Québec (,7® Compilé par L. Avramtchev PRO 93-06
    [Show full text]
  • LIST of ASTROBLEMS/IMPATC STRUCTURES IDENTIFIED on EARTH SURFACE Third Edition of the Geological Map of the World, Sheet 1 Physi
    LIST OF ASTROBLEMS/IMPATC STRUCTURES IDENTIFIED ON EARTH SURFACE Third edition of the Geological Map of the World, sheet 1 Physiography, volcanoes, astroblemes, at 1:50 000 000 - Compilator: Philippe Bouysse, 2006 Sources: 1. (Roman type) Site: <http://www.unb.ca/passc/ImpactDatabase>, April 2006 By John Spray & Jason Hines, Planetary And Space Science Centre (PASSC) University of New Brunswick, Canada (174 structures: number 1 to 174), 2. (Italics) Site: <http://www.somerikko.net/old/geo/imp/impacts.htm>, April 2006 By Jarmo Moilanen (Finland): Impact Structures of the World (since Nov. 1996) (21 structures: a to u) 3. (Bold) In addition: Velingara (Master, Diallo, Kande, Wade, 1999, South Africa/Senegal), Iturralde (T. J. Killeen, Missouri Botanical Garden, Saint Louis, 1995-2006) astroblems and Gilf Kebir impact crater field (Paillou et al., C. R. Géoscience, Paris, vol. 335, 2003). (3 structures) 4. (In red) Tunguska airblast TOTAL: 198 IMPACT STRUCTURES Nota: * = approximate central position DIAMETER N° CRATER NAME LOCATION LATITUDE LONGITUDE Age (Ma)* EXPOSED DRILLED (km) South Australia, 1 Acraman Australia S 32° 1' E 135° 27' 90 ~ 590 Y N a Alamo USA N 37°30' W 116°30' 190 367 - - 2 Ames Oklahoma, U.S.A. N 36° 15' W 98° 12' 16 470 ± 30 N Y 3 Amelia Creek Australia S 20° 55' E 134 ° 50' ~20 1640 - 600 Y N 4 Amguid Algeria N 26° 5' E 4° 23' 0.45 < 0.1 Y N 5 Aorounga Chad, Africa N 19° 6' E 19° 15' 12.6 < 345 Y N 6 Aouelloul Mauritania N 20° 15' W 12° 41' 0.39 3.0 ± 0.3 Y N 7 Araguainha Brazil S 16° 47' W 52° 59' 40 244.40 ± 3.25 Y N 8 Arkenu 1 Libya N 22° 4' E 23° 45' 6.8 < 140 Y N 9 Arkenu 2 Libya N 22° 4' E 23° 45' 10,3 < 140 Y N 10 Avak Alaska, U.S.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact Crater Data in .Pdf
    StructureName Diameter(km) Age(Ma)* Acraman 90 590 AmeliaCreek 20 1640 Ames 16 470 Amguid 0.45 0.1 Aorounga 12.6 345 Aouelloul 0.39 3.0 Araguainha 40 254.7 Avak 12 95 B.P.Structure 2 120 Barringer 1.19 0.049 Beaverhead 60 600 Beyenchime- 8 40 Salaatin Bigach 8 5 Boltysh 24 65.17 Bosumtwi 10.5 1.07 Boxhole 0.17 0.0054 Brent 3.8 453 Calvin 8.5 450 CampoDelCielo 0.05 0.004 Caracas 0.0135 0.000007 Carswell 39 115 Charlevoix 54 342 ChesapeakeBay 40 35.3 Chicxulub 150 64.98 Chiyli 5.5 46 Chukcha 6 70 ClearwaterEas 26 460 t ClearwaterWes 36 290 t CloudCreek 7 190 !1 StructureName Diameter(km) Age(Ma)* Colônia 3.6 5 ConnollyBasin 9 60 Couture 8 430 Crawford 8.5 35 CrookedCreek 7 320 Dalgaranga 0.024 0.27 Decaturville 6 300 DeepBay 13 99 Dellen 19 89.0 DesPlaines 8 280 Dhala 11 1700 Dobele 4.5 290 EagleButte 10 65 El'gygytgyn 18 3.5 Elbow 8 395 Flaxman 10 35 FlynnCreek 3.8 360 Foelsche 6 545 Gardnos 5 500 Glasford 4 430 Glikson 19 508 GloverBluff 8 500 GoatPaddock 5.1 50 GossesBluff 22 142.5 Gow 5 250 Goyder 3 1400 Granby 3 470 Gusev 3 49.0 Gweni-Fada 14 345 Haughton 23 39 !2 StructureName Diameter(km) Age(Ma)* Haviland 0.015 0.001 Henbury 0.157 0.0042 Holleford 2.35 550 IleRouleau 4 300 Ilumetsä 0.08 0.0066 Ilyinets 8.5 378 Iso-Naakkima 3 1000 Jänisjärvi 14 700 JebelWaqfAsSu 5.5 56 wwan Kaalijärv 0.11 0.004 Kalkkop 0.64 0.250 Kaluga 15 380 Kamensk 25 49.0 Kamil 0.045 ? Kara 65 70.3 Kara-Kul 52 5 Kärdla 4 455 Karikkoselkä 1.5 230 Karla 10 5 KellyWest 10 550 Kentland 13 97 Keurusselkä 30 1800 Kgagodi 3.5 180 Kursk 6 250 LaMoinerie 8 400 Lappajärvi
    [Show full text]
  • LARGE METEORITE IMPACTS and Planetary EVOLUTION September 1-3,1997 Sudbury, Ontario CONFERENCE on LARGE METEORITE IMPACTS and PLANETARY EVOLUTION (SUDBURY1997)
    NASA/CR- - 207991 BURY 1997 LARGE METEORITE IMPACTS AND PlANETARY EVOLUTION September 1-3,1997 Sudbury, Ontario CONFERENCE ON LARGE METEORITE IMPACTS AND PLANETARY EVOLUTION (SUDBURY1997) Hosted by Ontario Geological Survey Sponsored by Inco Limited Falconbridge Limited The Bamnger Crater Company Geological Survey of Canada Ontario Ministry of Northern Development and Mines Quebec Ministere des Ressources naturelles Lunar and Planetary Institute Scientific Organizing Committee A. Deutsch University ofMunster, Germany B. O. Dressier, Chair Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, Texas B. M. French Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC R. A. F. Grieve Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario G. W. Johns Ontario Geological Survey, Sudbury, Ontario V. L. Sharpton Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, Texas LPI Contribution No. 922 Compiled in 1997 by LUNAR AND PLANETARY INSTITUTE The Institute is operated by the Universities Space Research Association under Contract No. NASW-4574 with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Material in this volume may be copied without restraint for library, abstract service, education, or personal research purposes, however, republication of any paper or portion thereof requires the written permission of the authors as well as the appropriate acknowledgment of this publication. Abstracts in this volume may be cited as Author A. B. (1997) Title of abstract. In Conference on Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution (Sudbury 1997), p. XX, LPI Contribution No. 922, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston. This volume is distributed by ORDER DEPARTMENT Lunar and Planetary Institute 3600 Bay Area Boulevard Houston TX 77058-1113, USA Mail order requestors will be invoiced for the cost of shipping and handling. LPI Contribution No 922 ill Contents BP and Oasis Impact Structures, Libya, and Their Relation to Libyan Desert Glass: Petrography, Geochemistry, and Geochronology B.
    [Show full text]