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Mai Po Inner Deep Bay Ramsar Site Waterbird Monitoring Programme 2018 - 19

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Mai Po Inner Deep Bay Ramsar Site Waterbird Monitoring Programme 2018 - 19 Contract Ref.: AFCD/SQ/264/17/C Mai Po Inner Deep Bay Ramsar Site Waterbird Monitoring Programme 2018 - 19 Egretry Counts in Hong Kong, with particular reference to the Mai Po Inner Deep Bay Ramsar Site Summer 2019 Report Submitted by The Hong Kong Bird Watching Society to Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, Hong Kong SAR Government February 2020 Printed on Recycled Paper Contract Ref.: AFCD/SQ/264/17/C Waterbird Monitoring at the Mai Po Inner Deep Bay Ramsar Site 2018-19 Waterbird Count Coordinator YU Yat Tung The Hong Kong Bird Watching Society Report Writing and Data Contributors Captain L.C. WONG, TAM Yip Shing, Josephine Y.P. WONG, Luke, C.K. WOO, Louis, C. L. FUNG, CHEUNG MOK, Jose Alberto and Ching Yuen HO Egret Research Group, The Hong Kong Bird Watching Society Copyright The project is part of the “Mai Po Inner Deep Bay Ramsar Site Waterbird Monitoring Programme 2018-19” of Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, Hong Kong SAR Government. All the data shall be the property of the Government with full copyright Report is available for public information at Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department Hong Kong SAR Government 7/F, Cheung Sha Wan Government Offices 303 Cheung Sha Wan Road Kowloon, Hong Kong Email: [email protected] Website: www.afcd.gov.hk and The Hong Kong Bird Watching Society 7C, V Ga Building, 532 Castle Peak Road Lai Chi Kwok, Kowloon, Hong Kong E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.hkbws.org.hk This publication should be cited as Anon, 2020. Summer 2019 Report: Egretry Counts in Hong Kong with particular reference to the Mai Po Inner Deep Bay Ramsar Site. Report by The Hong Kong Bird Watching Society to the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS A report of Egretry Counts in Hong Kong, with particular reference to the Mai Po Inner Deep Bay Ramsar Site Summary 4 1. Introduction 4 2. Methods 5 3. Results and Discussion 5 3.1 Breeding population in the 2019 breeding season 5 3.2 Colonies in the Deep Bay area 8 3.3 Comparison of the number of nests with records of the previous year 10 3.4 Nesting substrates 11 3.5 Nest abandonment at A Chau 13 3.6 Disturbance at Penfold Park 13 3.7 Urgent tree works and associated disturbance at Mai Po Village 13 3.8 Site formation at Tai Tong 13 3.9 Tree pruning during the breeding season 14 4. Conclusion 14 5. Acknowledgements 14 6. References 14 TABLES Table 1. The number of nests at surveyed colonies in Hong Kong in 2019 7 Table 2. The relative importance of the Deep Bay colonies comparing to the other colonies in Hong Kong in 2019 8 Table 3. The number of nests recorded at the Deep Bay from 2010 to 2019 9 Table 4. A comparison of the number of nests in Hong Kong in 2018 and 2019 10 Table 5. A comparison on the number of nests of individual colony between 2018 and 2019 10 Table 6. Plant species utilized by ardeids as nesting substrates in 2019 11 FIGURES Figure 1. Location of nesting colonies (egretries) in Hong Kong in 2019 Figure 2. Total number of ardeid nests in Hong Kong with reference to the number of nests in the Deep Bay area from 2010 to 2019 APPENDICES Appendix 1. Survey date(s) of nesting colonies and additional sites in 2019 Appendix 2. The number of nests recorded in each monthly count of the 22 colonies in 2019 3 EGRETRY COUNTS IN HONG KONG, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE MAI PO INNER DEEP BAY RAMSAR SITE SUMMER 2019 REPORT Summary In the 2019 breeding season (April to July), a total of 1,081 nests of five ardeid species, i.e. the Great Egret (Ardea alba), Little Egret (Egretta garzetta), Black-crowned Night Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax), Chinese Pond Heron (Ardeola bacchus) and Eastern Cattle Egret (Bulbulcus coromandus), were recorded in nine egretries (hereinafter referred to as ‘colonies’) in the Deep Bay area. The number of nests in this area accounted for 66% of the total number of nests in Hong Kong. The Chinese Pond Heron was the dominant species in the Deep Bay area, accounting for 28% of the total number of nests in this area. A total of 1,633 nests of the above-mentioned five species in 22 colonies were recorded in Hong Kong in 2019. Although about one third of the total number of nests in Hong Kong were not identified to species level, the Little Egret (27%) was the dominant species breeding in Hong Kong, while the Eastern Cattle Egret (1.5%) was the least abundant one. Compared with the 2018 records (505 nests in the Deep Bay area and 1,082 nests in Hong Kong), there was a 114% and 51% increase in the number of nests recorded in the Deep Bay area and Hong Kong, respectively. The increases were mainly due to the better estimation of nest abundance at the Mai Po Mangrove colony. A colony at San Sang San Tsuen was abandoned in this year, while the Little Green Island colony was active again. A colony at Shan Pui River was first included in this monitoring. 1 INTRODUCTION Following the establishment of the Mai Po Inner Deep Bay Ramsar Site, a long-term waterbird monitoring programme has been carrying out since 1998. The programme is coordinated by the Hong Kong Bird Watching Society (HKBWS) and is currently a commissioned study of the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department (AFCD) of the Hong Kong SAR Government. Under the Waterbird Monitoring Programme, egretry counts are conducted with an aim to record the population of tree-nesting ardeids, in terms of the number of nests in the Deep Bay area and elsewhere in Hong Kong. The present report documents the results of the egretry count between April and July 2019. A review of the nesting ardeids in Hong Kong between the 1950s and 1990s can be found in Young and Cha (1995), while the trends and their relationship with weather was documented in Wong and Young (2006). 2 METHODS Active and abandoned colonies identified in the past three years (2016 - 2018) were surveyed once per month between April and July 2019 (Table 1, Figure 1, Appendix 1). A nesting colony of egrets and herons is defined as an area in which more than one pair of these birds are recorded building nests, laying eggs and raising young. Colonies shrinking in size as compared to previous years with only one nest were also included. Active nests, determined by the presence of incubating adults or chicks, 4 were counted directly from vantage points along the edge of a colony with the use of 8-10x binoculars or by the naked eye, depending on the proximity between the surveyor and the colony. In case nests were hidden in vegetation which made the counting difficult, their numbers were estimated. In this case, landing locations were marked on a sketch and repeated landings around the same location were considered as a nest. This methodology was adopted for the Sha Chau, A Chau, Mai Po mangrove and Ma Wan colonies, where most of the nests were hidden in vegetation. Estimation of nests based on the position of newly fledged chicks was also used during the latter part of breeding season. As the colony at the Mai Po mangrove is very remote, it was counted from a vantage point which was 2.5 km away from the colony at Tsim Bei Tsui. Aerial photos of this colony were also taken in May, and estimation of the number of nest was later undertaken through desktop examination. The highest count of the number of nests of a particular species recorded during the survey period was taken as the number of nests of that species of the egretry. In addition to the number of nests, the nesting substratum was examined in most of the colonies that were accessible. Nomenclature of egrets and herons follows the annotated checklist of birds of Hong Kong (Hong Kong Bird Watching Society, 2017). Both existing and new nesting colonies, if any, were monitored. New nesting colonies were identified by personal observations of the surveyors or through information provided by birdwatchers, the general public or AFCD. A nesting site would be considered as a new nesting colony if it was at least 500 m away from an existing colony, since the lowest foraging range of a colony is usually about 500 m (L. C. Wong, unpublished data). Combining breeding birds in locations within 500 m could avoid having to define too many small nesting sites in the same area. 3. RESULTS and DISCUSSION 3.1 Breeding population in the 2019 breeding season A total of 1,633 nests were recorded in 22 colonies in Hong Kong (Table 1, Figure 1, Appendix 2). A colony at Shan Pui River was first included in the monitoring this year. The Little Green Island colony was active only in July this year. It was abandoned in 2018. The colony at San Sang San Tsuen was abandoned. Highlights of the present breeding season were as follows: · The Mai Po mangrove colony was the largest in Hong Kong, with 557 nests, about 34.1% of the total number of nests in Hong Kong. The colony split to two sub- colonies and showed a shift in location this year. A more accurate estimate of number of nest was possible due to the use of drone for monitoring. · A colony mostly consisted of Chinese Pond Herons at Shan Pui River was first included in the monitoring.
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