Public Disclosure Authorized KENYA ELECTRICITY SYSTEM IMPROVEMENT PROJECT (KESIP) Public Disclosure Authorized ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK Public Disclosure Authorized APRIL 2019 Public Disclosure Authorized BASIC INFORMATION 1. Country and Project Name: Kenya Electricity System Improvement Project (KESIP) 2. Project Development Objective: To increase the capacity of the transmission system and to increase access to electricity in Kenya 3. Expected Project Benefits: Beneficiaries will be households, business enterprises, commercial building and industrial establishment that will be connected to the electricity network for the first time. A second group of beneficiaries will be existing electricity consumers for whom the quality and reliability of electricity service will improve. Improved reliability of electricity service is especially important for existing business customers since they will experience less service interruptions and consequently their financial losses will reduce. Kenya Power Electricity & Lighting Company Ltd (KPLC) will be a beneficiary through the system loss reduction. 4. Identified Project Social Risks: Minimal adverse social risks are anticipated under this project because the installation of Distribution systems will take place within existing routes and road reserves. The project will experience some level of environmental and social risks. Most of the low and medium voltage lines will mainly be constructed along the road reserve and existing rights of ways. These may not result in physical relocation but impacts to trees and crops are likely to occur. Anticipated social impacts will be involving KPLC compensation for crops and or/trees which could be damaged during construction. Acquisition of land for substations will be on a willing buyer willing seller. Recipient: Government of Kenya – Ministry of Energy Responsible Government/Country Agency for ESMF Implementation: Ministry of Energy -Kenya Power and Lighting Company Limited (KPLC) Name/Contacts who prepared ESMF: Wilfred Koech, Kenya Power Electricity & Lighting Company Ltd Total Project Cost: USD 370 million Date ESMF was Prepared: April, 2019 The Environmental & Social Management Framework (ESMF) has been prepared by Environment & Social Unit of the Safety, Health & Environment (SHE) Department, Kenya Power. The ESMF has been prepared based on an overall outlook of the Environmental & Social issues of KESIP, which includes: • Project components • Evaluation of potential Environmental & Social impacts of different project components and subcomponents, and • Assessment of environmental practices in different ongoing and completed projects. The ESMF provides guidelines for the preparation of studies for KESIP sub projects, identify propose measures to avoid, minimize and manage environmental and social impacts in line with relevant Kenyan environmental and social legislation and the World Bank’s safeguards policies once the project specific sites and routes locations are identified. 1 | P a g e TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Description Page BASIC INFORMATION 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 LIST OF TABLES 6 LIST OF ACRONYMS 8 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 10 1 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 16 INTRODUCTION 16 Background to the project 17 2 CHAPTER TWO: KPLC’S KENYA ELECTRICITY SYSTEM IMPROVEMENT PROJECT DESCRIPTION19 Introduction to Kenya Electricity System Improvement Project (KESIP) 19 KESIP Project Components 19 Component 1- Access Expansion and Distribution Network Strengthening (approximately US$ 235 million equivalent) 19 Component 2 – Transmission Network Expansion and Strengthening (Approximately US$120 million equivalent): 20 Component 3-Technical Assistance & Capacity building 21 Project Implementation, Supervision and management for KESIP 21 Monitoring and evaluation of Project Implementation 22 Geographic and work Scope 22 3 Baseline information and Environmental and Social characterization 23 Coast Baseline Information (Environmental and Social Characterization) 23 Location and Size 23 Physical Environment 24 3.1.2.1 Climate 24 3.1.2.2 Topography and Drainage 24 3.1.2.3 Soils and Geology 25 Land Use 25 Biological Environment-Ecosystems 25 3.1.4.1 Grasslands 26 3.1.4.2 Mountain vegetation 26 3.1.4.3 Marine and coastal areas 27 3.1.4.4 Forests in Coast region: 27 Nairobi Region Baseline Information (Environmental and Social Characterization) 32 Location and Size 32 Physiographic and Natural Conditions 33 3.2.2.1 Physical and Topographic Features 33 3.2.2.2 Ecological Conditions 34 3.2.2.3 Climatic Conditions 34 3.2.2.4 Drainage 35 3.2.2.5 Soils and Geology 36 2 | P a g e 3.2.2.6 Forestry and Agro Forestry 36 3.2.2.7 Land Use 37 3.2.2.8 Water Resources 38 3.2.2.9 Wildlife 39 Infrastructure development 40 Road, Railway Network and Airports 40 Information, communication and technology 41 Energy access 41 Socio-Economic Background 42 Central Rift Region Environmental and Social Characterization 44 Location and Size 44 Physical Environment 44 3.3.2.1 Climate 44 3.3.2.2 Topography and Drainage 44 3.3.2.3 Hydrology 45 3.3.2.4 Soils and Geology 45 3.3.2.5 Land Use and land ownership 45 Socio-economic 46 South Nyanza Baseline Information (Environmental and Social Characterization) 47 Location and Size 47 Physical Environment 47 3.4.2.1 Climate 47 3.4.2.2 Topography and Drainage 48 3.4.2.3 Soils and Geology 48 3.4.2.4 Land Use 48 Biological Environment-Ecosystems 49 3.4.3.1 Forests in South Nyanza Region 49 3.4.3.2 Wildlife: 49 3.4.3.3 Wetlands: 49 North Rift Baseline Information (Environmental and Social Characterization) 50 Location 50 Physical Environment 50 3.5.2.1 Climate 50 3.5.2.2 Topography and Drainage 50 3.5.2.3 Hydrology 50 3.5.2.4 Soils and Geology 51 3.5.2.5 Land Use 51 Biological Environment-Ecosystems 52 3.5.3.1 Grasslands 52 3.5.3.2 Forests 52 3.5.3.3 Arid and semi-arid lands (ASALS) 52 3.5.3.4 Wetlands 52 3.5.3.5 Wildlife 53 Socio-Economic Background 54 Mt Kenya Baseline Information (Environmental and Social Characterization) 55 Location and Size 55 Physical Environment 55 3.6.2.1 Climate 55 3.6.2.2 Topography and Drainage 55 3.6.2.3 Soils and Geology 55 3.6.2.4 Land Use 56 Biological Environment-Ecosystems 56 3.6.3.1 Grasslands 56 3.6.3.2 Forests 57 3.6.3.3 Arid and semi-arid lands (ASALS) 58 3.6.3.4 Mountain vegetation 58 3.6.3.5 Wetlands 59 3.6.3.6 Wildlife 59 Socio-Economic Background 60 3 | P a g e West Kenya Region Baseline information 61 Location and size 61 Population 61 Vegetation Distribution 62 Topography 62 Climate 63 Soils 63 Energy access 64 Land use 65 Forestry 65 4 CHAPTER FOUR: DESCRIPTION OF THE LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK 66 Introduction 66 Kenyan Legal and Regulatory Framework 66 The Constitution of Kenya, 2010: Constitutional provisions 66 The Environmental Management and Co-ordination Act, No.8 of 1999/ (2016)69 County Government Act, 2012 69 Land Act, 2012 70 The Land and Environment Court Act, 2011 70 Water Act, 2016 70 Energy Act of 2006 70 The Physical Planning Act, 1996 71 Wildlife Conservation and Management Act, 2013 71 National Museums and Heritage Act 2006 71 The Forestry Conservation and Management Act, 2016 72 Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2007 72 Work Injury and Benefits Act, (WIBA) 2007 73 The Traffic Act Cap 403 0f 2009 73 Electronic Waste Management Regulations-2013 (Draft) 73 Description of World Bank Operational Safeguard Policies 75 Introduction 75 Safeguard Policies relevant to KESIP 75 Alignment of WB and GOK Policies relevant to this ESMF 87 Requirements for Public Disclosure 89 5 CHAPTER FIVE: REVIEW OF RELEVANT INSTITUTIONS 90 Institutional and Implementation Arrangements 90 KPLC mandate and Functions 90 Ministry of Energy 90 Kenya Electricity Transmission Company Limited (KETRACO) 90 National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) 90 Ministry of Lands and Physical Planning 91 Kenya Wildlife Service 91 Kenya Forest Service 91 National Museums of Kenya 91 6 CHAPTER SIX: TYPOLOGY OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS 93 Introduction 93 Positive Environmental and Social Impacts 93 Expected Impact on Poverty Alleviation 93 Employment and wealth creation 93 Local Material Supplies 93 Up Scaling Electricity Access to the Poor 93 HIV/AIDS 93 Health benefits of the project 94 Benefits to education 94 Improved standard of living 94 4 | P a g e Security 95 Communications 95 Gender Considerations 95 Potential Negative Environmental and Social Impacts 95 Potential Negative impacts to be handle by the contractor 96 6.3.1.1 Electric shocks and electrocution. 96 6.3.1.2 Working at Heights 96 6.3.1.3 Impact on Natural flora and fauna 96 6.3.1.4 Impacts on air quality from vehicle exhaust emissions and dust 96 6.3.1.5 Solid waste 96 6.3.1.6 Visual and Aesthetic Landscape Impacts 97 6.3.1.7 Negative Cultural exchange and Social ills: 97 6.3.1.8 Occupation safety and health hazards 97 6.3.1.9 Loss of Physical Cultural resources: 97 6.3.1.10 Oil leaks and Spill Hazards 97 6.3.1.11 Social Risks Related to Labour Influx, HIV/AIDs 98 6.3.1.12 Impact on Natural Vegetation: 98 6.3.1.13 Construction material Sourcing: 98 6.3.1.14 Increased water demand: 98 6.3.1.15 Noise and excessive vibration 98 6.3.1.16 Risk of fire: 98 6.3.1.17 Storm water and Waste water 98 6.3.1.18 Temporary Land-take for construction purposes 99 6.3.1.19 Community health and Safety 99 Negative impacts to be handle by client (KPLC) 101 6.3.2.1 Loss of Land and property 101 6.3.2.2 Visual and Aesthetic Landscape Impacts 101 6.3.2.3 Increased Demand for Material Consumption 102 Cumulative Impacts 102 6.3.3.1 Cumulative Impact