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Quellen Und Forschungen Aus Italienischen Archiven Und Bibliotheken

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Quellen Und Forschungen Aus Italienischen Archiven Und Bibliotheken Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken Herausgegeben vom Deutschen Historischen Institut in Rom Bd. 84 2004 Copyright Das Digitalisat wird Ihnen von perspectivia.net, der Online-Publi- kationsplattform der Stiftung Deutsche Geisteswissenschaftliche Institute im Ausland (DGIA), zur Verfügung gestellt. Bitte beachten Sie, dass das Digitalisat urheberrechtlich geschützt ist. Erlaubt ist aber das Lesen, das Ausdrucken des Textes, das Herunterladen, das Speichern der Daten auf einem eigenen Datenträger soweit die vorgenannten Handlungen ausschließlich zu privaten und nicht- kommerziellen Zwecken erfolgen. Eine darüber hinausgehende unerlaubte Verwendung, Reproduktion oder Weitergabe einzelner Inhalte oder Bilder können sowohl zivil- als auch strafrechtlich ver- folgt werden. DER HOF CLEMENS’ VIII. (1592Ð1605) Eine Prosopographie von KLAUS JAITNER Seit der Mitte der 1970er Jahre hat sich die Geschichtsfor- schung in zunehmendem Maß mit dem Papsthof der Frühen Neuzeit befaßt, also mit der Entwicklung des zentralen Organs päpstlicher geistlicher und weltlicher Herrschaft in Rom nach dem Trienter Kon- zil. Dabei richtete sich das Interesse der Forschung auf die Doppel- funktion des Papstes als geistlichem und weltlichem Herrscher,1 die Regierung des Kirchenstaates,2 die Entmachtung und Zurückdrän- gung der Kardinalkollegiums auf seine Wahl- und Verwaltungsfunk- tion,3 die Beziehungen zu den italienischen und europäischen Mäch- ten,4 die Papstfinanz,5 die Verflechtung der römischen Oligarchie,6 1 P. Prodi, Il sovrano pontefice. Un corpo e due anime: la monarchia papale nella prima eta` moderna, Bologna 1982. 2 M. Caravale, A. Caracciolo, Lo Stato Pontificio da Martino V a Pio IX, in: Storia d’Italia, hg. von G. Galasso, Torino 1978. 3 M. A. Visceglia, Fazioni e lotta politica nel Sacro Collegio nella prima meta` del Seicento, in: La Corte di Roma tra Cinque e Seicento. „Teatro“ della poli- tica europea, hg. von G. Signorotto, M. A. Visceglia. Biblioteca del Cinque- cento 84, Roma 1998, S. 37Ð91. 4 Vgl. die von W. Reinhard angeregten Arbeiten; Die Hauptinstruktionen der Päpste Clemens VIII., Paul V. und Gregor XV. von K. Jaitner u. S. Giordano vgl. Bibliographie. Darin befinden sich ausführliche Darstellungen der Ent- wicklung des Staatssekretariats und umfangreiches prosopographisches Ma- terial zur Kurie. 5 Besonders W. Reinhard, Papstfinanz und Nepotismus unter Paul V. (1605Ð 1621), 2. Teilbd., Stuttgart 1974. 6 Die theoretischen Grundlagen bei W. Reinhard, Freunde und Kreaturen. „Verflechtung“ als Konzept zur Erforschung historischer Führungsgruppen. QFIAB 84 (2004) 138 KLAUS JAITNER den Nepotismus,7 die Karrieren und Klientelen8 am römischen Hof9 und auf die Formen des Mäzenatentums,10 also auf theologische, administrative, diplomatische, wirtschaftliche und soziale Aspekte. Meine hier vorgelegte Prosopographie des Papsthofes Cle- mens’ VIII. folgt einem weit geringeren Anspruch. Sie ist sozusagen ein Nachtrag zu meinen in Tübingen 1984 erschienenen Hauptinstruk- tionen Clemens’ VIII. Damals fand ich nicht die Zeit, die Personalda- ten des römischen Hofes systematisch zusammenzufügen, wie ich es 1997 im ersten Band der Hauptinstruktionen Gregors XV. verwirkli- chen konnte. Die hier vorgelegte Prosopographie folgt weitgehend dem Beispiel von 1997 und basiert fast ausschließlich auf den Doku- menten des Brevensekretariats. Die Quellenlage für die päpstliche Fa- milia zwischen 1592 und 1605 Ð die Familia umfaßte nicht nur den direkten Hofstaat des Papstes, sondern auch die Kardinäle und Mit- glieder der kurialen Behörden Ð ist wegen des Fehlens der Rech- nungsbücher des Maestro di Casa (del Palazzo Apostolico) sehr schlecht. Auch die Ruoli weisen große Lücken auf. Man darf daher nicht immer von der Vollständigkeit der Angaben ausgehen. Leider fehlen Quellen zu den drei Nepotenfamilien (Cincio, Pietro und Olim- pia Aldobrandini) vollständig. Im August 159411 zählte die Familia Römische Oligarchie um 1600, München 1979; auch die jüngste Arbeit v. P. Schmidt, De Sancto Officio Urbis. Aspekte der Verflechtung des Heiligen Offiziums mit der Stadt Rom im 16. und 17. Jahrhundert, QFIAB 82 (2002) S. 404Ð489. 7 Die Arbeiten von V. Reinhardt zu Kardinal Scipione Borghese (1984); D. Büchel, V. Reinhardt (Hg.). Die Kreise der Nepoten. Neue Forschungen zu alten und neuen Eliten Roms in der Frühen Neuzeit, Bern 2001. 8 Ein besonders häufig gewähltes Thema vgl. R. Ago, Carriere e clientele nella Roma barocca, RomaÐBari 1990; I. Fosi, All’ombra dei Barberini. Fedelta` e servizio nella Roma barocca, Roma 1997; A. Karsten, Kardinal Bernardino Spada. Eine Karriere im barocken Rom, Göttingen 2001. 9 Zum päpstlichen Hof besonders: La Corte di Roma tra Cinque e Seicento (vgl. Anm. 3), darin M. Rosa, Per „tenere alla futura mutatione volto il pensiero“. Corte di Roma e cultura politica nella prima meta` del Seicento, S. 13Ð36. 10 F. Haskell, Maler und Auftraggeber. Kunst und Gesellschaft im italienischen Barock, Köln 1996; V. Reinhardt, Rom. Kunst und Kultur 1580Ð1650, Würz- burgÐFreiburg i.Br. 1992. 11 Ruolo 130. QFIAB 84 (2004) HOF CLEMENS’ VIII. 139 1 Clemens’ VIII. 1313 ⁄2 bocche, davon a tutto vitto 735 Personen (372 padroni und 363 servitori). Der Aldobrandini-Papst übertraf damit seine Vorgänger,12 abgesehen von Pius IV. (1560) mit 1332 (a tutto vitto 876) zum Teil erheblich: Pius V. (1566) 1103 (715), Gregor XIII. 1 (1582) 1209 ⁄2 (776), Sixtus V. (1585) 1159 (711) und Gregor XIV. (1591) 1036 (598). Der Prosopographie wurde eine bisher nicht beachtete Aufstel- lung der Papstfinanz vom Februar 1592 bei Pontifikatsbeginn Cle- mens’ VIII. hinzugefügt. Dieses Dokument ist wesentlich kürzer und weniger detailliert als die von W. Reinhard veröffentlichte Papstfinanz vom Juni 1592,13 stellt aber doch eine wichtige Ergänzung dar. 12 Zusammenstellung im Ruolo 130 fol. 21. 13 Reinhard (wie Anm. 5), S. 161Ð260 (= Fondo Borghese IV 126). QFIAB 84 (2004) 140 KLAUS JAITNER 1. Quellen Archivio Segreto Vaticano (ASV) A. A., Arm. IÐXVIII 992 Arch. Concist., Acta Misc. 13 Arm. LXIV 39, 45 Borghese I 515 Borghese II 473 Borghese III 12 D Borghese III 20 E Borghese III 21 B Borghese III 47 C Borghese III 70 Borghese III 126 I Borghese IV 20 Fondo Pio 124 Misc. Arm. II 108 A fol. 426Ð502 Misc. Arm. XI 195 Segr. Stato, Spagna 324 Sec. Brev. 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 203, 204, 208, 210, 211, 215, 216, 217, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 234, 235, 237, 238, 239, 241, 242, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 253, 255, 257, 258, 260, 263, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 271, 272, 276, 277, 279, 281, 282, 283, 285, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 299, 300, 301, 303, 304, 306, 308, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 333, 335, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 343, 344, 346, 348, 349, 351, 352, 354, 355, 356, 360, 364, 647, 648, 649, 652 Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana (BAV) Barb. Lat. 2412, 2552 Boncompagni-Ludovisi E 71,73 Chigi G VI 165 ChigiMI165 Chigi M II 56 ChigiQI13 Ruoli (Clemens VIII.) 110, 112, 115, 117, 118, 119, 126, 130, 132, 134, 138, 139 Urb. lat. 1060Ð1064, 1066Ð1069 1070Ð1073 1084 1090Ð1093, 1097 QFIAB 84 (2004) HOF CLEMENS’ VIII. 141 Vat. lat. 5951Ð5963 7878 (Galletti) 7901 (Galletti) 8037 III 10171 11504 Roma, Archivio di Stato (AS) Cam. I 1725 2. Bibliographie Beltrami, Giuseppe, Notizie su prefetti e referendari della Segnatura Aposto- lica desunte dai brevi di nomina, Citta` del Vaticano 1972. Biaudet, Henry, Les nonciatures apostoliques permanentes jusqu’en 1648, Helsinki 1910. Bignami Odier, Jeanne, La Bibliothe`que Vaticane de Sixte IV a` Pie XI. Re- cherches sur l’Histoire des collections de manuscrits, Citta` del Vaticano 1973. BN: Biographie Nationale de Belgique, Bd. 1ff., Bruxelles 1866ff. Calvi, Felice, Famiglie notabili milanesi. Cenni storici et genealogici. Vol. IÐ IV, Milano 1875Ð1885 (Reprint Forni 1969). Cartharius, Carolus, Advocatorum Sacri Consistorii syllabum ... exarabat, Romae 1656. Cerchiari, Emmanuele, Capellani Papae et Apostolicae Sedis auditores cau- sarum Sacri Palatii Apostolici seu Sacra Romana Rota. II, Syntaxis Capella- norum Auditorum, Romae 1920. Ciampini, Johannes, Abbreviatores de Curia compendiosa notitia, Romae 1596. DBF: Dictionnaire de Biographie Franc¸aise, 1Ð, Paris 1933Ð. DBI: Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, 1Ð, Roma 1960Ð. De Angelis, Paulus, Basilicae S. Mariae Maioris de Urbe a Liberio Papa I usque ad Paulum V. Pont. Max. descriptio et delineatio, Romae 1616. Del Re, Niccolo` , Il governatore del Borgo, Studi Romani 11 (1963) S. 13Ð29. Del Re, Niccolo` , Monsignor governatore di Roma, Roma 1972. Del Re, Niccolo` , Il vicegerente del Vicariato di Roma, Roma 1976. De Vecchis, Petrus Andreas, Collectio constitutionum, chirographorum et brevium diversorum pontificum, pro bono regimine Universitatum, ac Communitatum Status Ecclesiastici, Bd. I, Romae 1732. QFIAB 84 (2004) 142 KLAUS JAITNER DHEE: Diccionario de Historia Ecclesia´stica de Espan˜ a, Bd. 1Ð5, Madrid 1972Ð1987. DNB: Dictionary of National Biography, Bd. 1ff., London 1949ff. Dolfi, Pompeo Scipione, Cronologia delle famiglie nobili di Bologna, Bologna 1670 (Reprint Forni 1973). Enciclopedia dei papi, hg. von Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Roma 2000. Fedele,C., Gallenga, M. (Hg.), Per servizio di Nostro Signore. Strade, cor- rieri e poste dei papi dal medioevo al 1870, Modena 1988. Fantuzzi, Giovanni, Notizie degli scrittori bolognesi, vol. IÐIX, Bologna 1781Ð1794. Ferretti, M., Pasquali, M. (Hg.), Cronotassi
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