No. 2 Feasibility of Restoring a 220-year-old Canal from Selly to California

This Study was mainly funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund. The Canal Trust has also received grants and donations from the Headley Trust, the GJW Turner Trust, Henry James Sayer Charity, Worcester Birmingham & Society, Inland Waterways Association, and members of the Lapal Canal Trust.

(Extracts from Lapal Canal Trust Facebook page www.Facebook.com/lapalcanaltrust and www.lapal.org have been added to this report)

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Contents

1. Introduction and Summary ...... 5 2. Restoration Proposals ...... 7 3. Engineering and Costs ...... 16 4. Habitat ...... 22 5. Policy Review ...... 22 6. Funding ...... 23 7. Social and Economic Benefits ...... 26 8. Economic and Social benefits of Canal Restoration ...... 28 9. Costs and Forecast Local Economic Benefits ...... 39 10.Conclusions ...... 43

Appendices

1. Report on laser mapping in Park – Ken Pearson, Axon Laser Scanning ...... 49 2. Topographical Report – Based on information provided by Midland Surveys ...... 53 3. Report on Linking Paths – Prepared by Lapal Canal Trust ...... 57 4. Proposal for Marina at California – Prepared by Lapal Canal Trust...... 61 5. Birmingham City Council Pre-Planning Application Advice – Ben Plenty, Planning Officer, Birmingham City Council ...... 65 6. Summary of Ground Condition Desk Study – Main Report by Bob Manders of Acivico ...... 69 7. Planning Policy Review – Jenny Smith, Moss Naylor Young ...... 91 8. Habitat – Victoria Hillman, Moss Naylor Young ...... 101 9. Archaeological Report – Alex Jones, AJ Archaeology...... 107 10. Plans ...... 130

The Lapal Canal Trust is a registered charity (No 1013845) and non-profit limited company (Reg No 2721675) established in 1990 to restore the closed section of the Dudley No 2 Canal. It works very closely with the four other local canal societies, , Birmingham Canal Navigation Society, Worcester Birmingham & Droitwich Canal Society, Coombswood Canal Trust, and the local branch of the Inland Waterways Association. It also works with other local community groups and has wide support

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1. Introduction and Summary

A restored canal would meet the Plan’s aims to restore heritage fe

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he stud which includes a detailed review of the canal’s history recommends the use of numerous interretation oards to elain the local histor and the industrial heritage of the canal which has shaed ell a he stud also recommends the roision of a shared surface towath suitale for all users including wheelchairs with seating enches roided at reasonal regular interals

anal restoration can hel facilitate a wide ariet of enefits to their local areas including

• facilitating housing growth and renewal unlocing land due to increased roert alues associated with waterfronts

• roiding otions for sustainale transort towaths well designed or suital adated roiding ecellent offroad waling and ccle routes

• lacemaing laceshaing and ecoming a catalst for uran renaissance can add to local character and distinctieness and instigate inestment

• stimulating and the isitor econom sustainale tourism and recreation imroing the attractieness of an area e a draw in themseles and heling to lin attractions

• mroing health and welleing roiding attractie locations for eercise and an enironment that is conductie to reducing stress

• itigating the imact of climate change through caron reductionsin drainage and flood management and imroing iodiersit and enironmental sustainailit

he conclusions of this feasiilit stud ma e found on and a summar of lanning imlications on which together with the arious illustrations form the essence of the currentl roosed roect

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2. Restoration Proposals.

he lenth of canal descried in this reort fors the eastern end of the oriinal udley o anal which was still in use until the s after the rest of the canal ceased worin due to the collase of the aal unnel in his lon had lined it to alesowen udley and the lac ountry since

he route can e divided into staes fro orcester irinha canal to arorne ane ride crossin elly a ar thence to ottetourt oad ottetourt oad to the east end of the roosed arina and then the arina itself

he route throuh attery ar elly a was within a disused ndustrial area inaccessile and unavailale his was unfortunate as this is the first lenth fro the orcester and irinha anal and thus searated the larely unostructed lenth etween elly a ar and eoley astle fro the ain canal syste owever the develoent of the elly a hoin ar has cleared the ath for the canal thus allowin elly a ar to e reconnected to the canal syste

he route throuh the elly a hoin ar reuired the develoer to leave the corridor clear and to undertae asic rearatory wors as art of the develoent thus whilst the waterway has not een reinstated the canal can e recreated without the need to alter the new develoent

he canal route fro elly a to the aal unnel entrance is filled in ut enerally unostructed

he study is art of an overall schee rooted y the aal anal rust for restoration fro the orcester and irinha anal at elly a to the udley o anal at awne asin alesowen his is covered y the tins easiility tudy oth ends are art of the “Birmingham level” of canal as was the entire Dudley No 2 Canal when it was opened in he canal once assed throuh a twoile tunnel at aal ar this tunnel does not feature in the restoration schee instead the roosal is to o over the hill throuh oodate alley ountry ar 2.1 From the Worcester Birmingham Canal to the Harborne Lane Bridge.

his ey lenth of canal is ein develoed artly under the ters of a section areeent etween irinha ity ouncil and arvest arvest is a coany fored y andsec in chare of the contract and the uilders and ainsury’s the ain occuier here are two eleents an storey student accoodation loc recently sold to nite for and the retail ar recently sold to eal state for

nder the areeent arvest is coitted to send on anal ors this includes a disaled coliant ride over the orcester and irinha anal estiated to cost with the reainder allocated to sheet etal ile oth sides of the canal and the windin hole and to uild a concrete channel under the oods delivery yard referred to as the undercroft ny undersend is aid to the council n addition is ade availale to a anal rocureent ntity to colete the wor andsec advised that since this is an inde

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lined payment should e around his money is lost if the wor has not started y 22 ie within years of the opening of the retail par t is proposed that the apal Canal rust could ecome the Canal rocurement ntity in order to progress this part of the wors

nder the terms of the agreement the Canal rocurement ntity must demonstrate that it has the funding and permission in place efore wor can start ain permissions are from the Birmingham lanning Department and Canal iver rust to access the canal and to provide the water needed lso agreement is needed with the y and Cadent to lower the optical cale and the as main under the orcester Birmingham canal tow path

he Canal rocurement ntity is responsile for removal of the soil from the canal channel and maing the canal and winding hole waterproof uilding the tow path lowering of services under the tow path and the swing ridge winding hole is the name used for a canal section wide enough for oats to turn

o date the apal Canal rust has applied for planning permission for oth the canal channel and the swing ridge andsec is applying for permission for the winding hole C in addition to eing the owner of the orcester and Birmingham Canal is also a statutory consultee and their approval to the design is reuired

Discussion on permission from the Canal and iver rust for the canal route moorings water access and the winding hole has started he application is eing treated as a arina so that everything is included ef N

Drawing sumitted with planning application 2 2

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Drawing of swing ridge sumitted with lanning application 2

Based on a Landsec 2018 drawing with canal added

2.2 Selly Oak Park

rom arorne oad to the estern end of elly a ar the canal is eistent as a channel partly dry that has the par on the southern side and housing on the northern side arorne harf and the adacent ridge carrying a footpath into the par is largely restored and the suect of current renovation wors y the Canal rust

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he route through elly a par has een suect of a laser survey details of which are included in ppendi

Figure 1 – Selly Oak Park Bridge, to be renovated as part of the restoration

n this length the canal ed is largely etant and needs to e reprofiled and made watertight – for the purpose of this report it has een assumed that the original puddle clay lining is proaly damaged eyond repair and an alternative lining will e needed n fact when arorne harf was ecavated and ore holes made the puddle clay lining has proved to e useale here is also a storm culvert in the canal ed designed to ensure the dry canal has flood storage capacity this drain is incompatile with restoration nce the canal is lined ac to the Birmingham Level at Selly Oak flood storage capacity won’t be an issue and this can safely be removed.

he historic was on the north an ut for modern day leisure use it would e etter on the south an as part of the par rather than the north an against private gardens he towpath will need to e carried across the canal on the eisting and historic ridge carrying the access route into the par from arorne ane few visitor moorings would e created on the south an along the towpath whilst private moorings could e created on the north side

Figure 2 – Restoration plan of the canal from Harborne Wharf to the west end of Selly Oak Park – canal drawing from Atkins Study. 10

2.3 Selly Oak Park to Bottetourt Road

rom the western end of Selly Oak ark to ottetourt oad the canal is filled in to a greater or lesser etent but the route survives unobstructed save for footpath crossings and a more substantial footway and cycleway crossing at ottetourt oad itself. he carriageway does not cross the canal but forms a culdesac to either side. n this length the canal also crossed the ourne rookStonehouse rook which is now in a concrete channel crossed by the footpath following the canal line.

rom the Stonehouse rook the topographical survey shows the canal starts to rise from the m level of the irmingham anal level at Selly Oak to around m at Somery oad on the net section to be described, the change is so gentle that it isn’t that obvious without the benefit of the survey. e know that the canal carried on at the m level all the way to alesowen and thus must conclude that the canal is not so much filled in as overfilled in this length. opographical Survey ppendi

mmediately east of the Stonehouse rook and then between the Stonehouse rook and ottetourt oad the available corridor widens out on the south side of the canal line creating an opportunity for moorings and habitat creation. lternatively in discussion with the local community some housing might be preferred.

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long this length the canal will need to be ecavated reprofiled and made watertight – as with the length through Selly Oak ark we have costed on the basis that the puddle clay is probably damaged beyond repair and a new lining will be needed. ew footpathcycleway crossings will be reuired as will a new aueduct over the Stonehouse rook. properly surfaced towpath

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will be euie, stating on the south sie but tanseing to the noth whee the ath lining oisane oa to the south an atle ove to the noth cosses the canal his is a ossible location o a lit bige elica o the bige locate in this aea beoe the canal close

Figure 4 – Footpaths that will be accommodated between Selly Oak Park and Bottetourt Road (source, Lapal Canal Trust Appendix 3)

2.4 Bottetourt Road to east end of proposed Marina

he ath is on the south sie o the alignent, close to the eains o eole astle an slightl above hilst levels in the castle gouns have not been taen it is easonable to assue that this elevation is ue to the oveilling entione ealie on eaching oe oa ige, the canal line is so oveille that the to o the ach is not visible, an it is onl though histoic hotos that we now the elevation o this bige as it is buie l hotogahs show that oe oa ige cosse a cutting soe ee, which woul account o the level o the bige ec elative to the ill

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long this length the canal will nee to be ecavate, eoile an ae watetight – as with the length though ell a a we have assue that the ule cla is obabl aage beon eai an a new lining will be neee

hotl beoe oe oa ige the eains o eole astle lie on the south sie o the canal – whilst not a ao visito attaction this is the te o eatue that is o inteest to canal uses whethe the be wales, cclists o boates an the ootunit shoul be taen to encouage canal uses to sto hee lso, west o oe ane ige the canal will stat to clib towas aal, boates not ooing in the aina a wish to tun hee an when the entie though oute is colete boates a wish to sto hee beoe o ate tansiting the suit isito ooings an a wining hole wie aea o boats to tun shoul be ceate to aiise the ootunities o visitos an the econoic beneits to the local econo

acent to the astle uins the available coio is wie than is necessa o tansit, an we ecoen that canal be wiene out to acilitate ooing an that the aea between the bac o the gaens on aganel oa be eveloe as a counit habitat aea o o social housing

eiatel west o oe oa the canal be has been taen ove b a stoage a that is still in use to hol gavel an oa stone his taes avantage o the ee cutting an as a esult a lage aount o oa stone coul be stoc ile without the ile being visible in the lanscae nce the canal oute eeges o this a into oen sace nea anes ill the oen sace aeas to be nown locall as alionia the cutting that once le to the tunnel otal has been ille in an the lan levels aise as at o waste isosal b lan ill an lan aising he levels whee the aina is oose ae o the oe o above sea level, soe etes above the iingha evel at ell a

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Figure 7: Artist’s impression of proposed staircase

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and a bridge to be refurbished at Somery Road. There is a drain in the canal, fulfilling the canal’s

is understood unlicensed tipping occurred over the canal and the site from the 1960’s onwards, and in the late 1970’s licensed tipping of topsoil and fill occurred. This may cause issues of – water weighs less than topsoil and thus a canal or a basin doesn’t present an extra load –

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The client has reuested a report that indicates the difficulties and expenses to be expected from the restoration of the apal anal from attery ar to alifornia in irmingham. The anal was last used in 196 and formally abandoned in 19, thereby missing the opportunities presented by the massive growth in leisure boating.

Restoration of the canal would reuire acuisition of a small piece of land, in this case the crushed stone storage yard at rid Reference S00, all other land being in the ownership of irmingham ity ouncil who support the restoration. cuisition of the crushed stone storage yard is not expected to be problematic and it is a storage ard and therefore not subect to the emotional attachment of residential properties.

nce all the land is acuired, or wor may go ahead purely within the ownership of irmingham ity ouncil, the infilled sections would reuire excavation, the clay puddle is probably too badly damaged by desiccation dried out and tree roots to be repairable and therefore should be removed to sufficient profile to allow a waterproof liner to be installed as a cheaper alternative to repuddling.

ard engineering, from east to west, would be reuired to

1. Tae the towpath from orth to South ust to the west of the unnamed road that connects arborne ane to Selly a ar. . Tae the towpath from South to orth adacent to eoley venue. . n aueduct to tae the canal over the ourn roo. . combined foot, cycle and disabled access bridge to tae ottetourt Road over the canal. . xisting ridge at eoley astle to be refurbished. 6. arina area and locs. The costs put forward in this report are liely to be approximate due to the difficulties of accurately determining the volume of infill to be removed, the presence of any contaminants in the fill, and the volume of fill reuired to reinstate the route of the canal through the crushed stone storage yard.

The length of canal to restore is measured at 00 metres and is assumed that 6 is infilled with domestic waste that is not classified as haardous. ith a cross sectional area of 1m this gives a volume of fill of 000m. s previously stated two towpath bridges, one aueduct, one combined foot and cycle path bridge and a bridge restoration would be reuired. inally, a crude estimate of 000m has been allowed for reinstatement of the crushed stone storage facility.

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osts are provided to give an order of magnitude and are liely only to be accurate to within 0. ivil engineering proects deserve their reputation for always coming in over cost and late and for this reason we have endeavoured to avoid this trap so have, where much doubt exists, tried to err on the side of pessimism rather than optimism so the client can assemble the money reuired with a fair level of confidence that these will be sufficient for the tas ahead.

round investigation ...... 9,000

xcavation and disposal of fill...... 00,000

Removal of existing lateral drain in bed of canal. . . . 0,000

mporting and placing fill...... 0,000

ining 00m of canal...... 1,000,000

onstruction and installation of first towpath bridge. . . 10,000

onstruction and installation of second towpath bridge. . . 10,000

onstruction and installation of aueduct . . . . 100,000

onstruction and installation of combined foot and cycle bridge . 0,000

Restoration of existing bridge...... 10,000

rise staircase loc ...... 1,70,000

asin for 60 number 60 foot boats . . . . . 900,000

*basin costs are roughly pro-rata for number of boats assuming a flat site

The costs by each length are broen down below. osts that related to volume or metre length of canal have been assumed prorate for the relevant length. Single item costs are included in the appropriate section.

lthough we have commented elsewhere on the made ground at the marina site, this will be more of a cost issue for associated development than for the canal itself. Specialist recommendations are that the cost of site remediation will be m to m which euates to the m to m expectation on the capital value of the site to a developer see appendix

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pprox. 00m of canal channel and towpath refurbishment 7,000

pprox. 00m of waterproof lining 10,000

Total ,000

ote – the tins report includes for substantial wors at arborne harf which are now largely complete. tins uote ,000 for the length on the par boundary, where the only wors of note involve blocing the drainage culvert. tins costs include an allowance for preliminaries and contingencies, which are not included above

pprox. 100m of canal channel and towpath refurbishment ,000

pprox. 100m of waterproof lining 60,000

Two pedestrian bridges for footpaths over canal 0,000

ueduct over Stonehouse roo 100,000

ottetourt Road footway and cycle bridge 0,000

Removal of lateral drain in canal bed 60,000

Total 1,,000

pprox. 00m of canal channel and towpath refurbishment 7,000

pprox. 00m of waterproof lining 10,000

Rise staircase loc 1,70,000

mporting and placing fill 0,000

Removal of lateral drain in canal bed 0,000

Total ,7,000

asin for 60 boats 900,000

Note over section costs

Rounding errors mean the total costs for each element do not quite equal the total cost given earlier.

These costs do not include optimism bias, which is assumed later to be 40%

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These costs are based on out-turn costs in Spons, the standard guide to construction industry pricing which relate to costs achieved on delivered contracts

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and to provide lockage 21

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would meet the Plan’s aims to restore heritage features,

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hae searated the funders under eah ategor aording to their releane hese are as follows

usinessrganisation eeloment ommunit eeloment roiding ualit atiities and eonomi enefit to the ommunit nironmental regeneration ort and eing atie

e hae reared a short disussion of the e oints to onsider when rearing the funding ase for eah of the aoe themes whih is resented elow

hen rearing the ase, it is ital to stress the following e things

 ow the project is relevant to the aims of that particular organisation e.g. If it’s a local usiness how will sonsoring the roet enefit them or their ustomers, f a loal erson how will it imroe their ualit of life, if a haritale trust how does is delier their agenda

 Why now? What’s the urgency?

 Why is your project different? Spend some time articulating what’s special or exciting aout the roet

 ho will enefit r to math u the audiene to suit the target audiene of the artiular organiation ou are aling to

e hae run a reasonal detailed searh on the tes of funding odies the rust ould al to ased on our geograhi loation and the areas of the roet we felt would aeal to funders oweer not nowing the roet in minute detail ou loo at eah funder we hae listed indiiduall and send aout – minutes er funder reall interrogating the funding and eligiilit riteria his is of time as writing a id on the off hane to a funder that the aeal is not eligile for ould tae hours and is a total waste of time

ith the andfill ommunit und ou will need to estalish whether ou are in the athments for these e hae identified the as there is a great return on inestment e would also reommend ou ontat eolia after reading their guidane doument ‘Let us Know’ Appendix 3 of that doument to disuss the roet suall loal authorities set u their own nironmental rust, ut it aears that eolia has set one u

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to administer the fund. he other ey thing to note aout Ls is that there is an upfront administrative fee called ‘Third Party Contribution’ which can only come from certain sources these sources must e judged to not derive any enefit from the project therefore you couldn’t provide your own TPC as you are planning to establish usiness operations at the arina. It is typically of the amount you are applying for.

We have identified an interesting funding scheme from irmingham ity ouncil called the his will strongly complement your aim to estalish a arina. he following is an exert from their riteria document.

“ey riorities of very lace atters and etter eal for eighborhoods with emphasis on local innovation – doing things differently from an assetbased approach i.e. enabling different people to do different things in different ways to make better places to live.”

We would strongly advise taling to community and regeneration officers within the local authority at arish istrict and ounty level as they always have more information aout grant schemes than can e found online so spend your time identifying who the relevant council officers are and contact them directly. Invite them on site and show them how much passion and commitment is involved in your project ut rememer to treat them lie any other funder and demonstrate how the project is relevant to their specific aims.

eing in a uiltup area there may e developments planned along the route and therefore you may e ale to put forward proposals to e awarded monies under S of the own and ountry lanning Act . he est place to start with this is the local authority planning portal. Loo for planning applications in your specific area within m or so within the proposed route. ou can then contact your local onservation fficer to discuss the S awards for this development. It can be a long slow process which is why it’s a good idea to keep looking at the planning portal.

ledges can e collected in two ways you can launch your own campaign locally holding a community event launching it in the local press and on your wesite Alternatively you can use a crowd source funding online platform. he est ones for this type of project are

 rowdfunder  Kicstarter  ofundme  oth approaches can e very effective ut reuire intense planning and are time consuming to deliver. he enefit of either apart from the cash of course is the human support they

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generate.

e suggest these actually deliver more in terms of getting people interested in your proect which will support your business plan for the future.

If it is planned to run a crowd source funding campaign we would advise you seek support from your local voluntary organisation support groups which can be independent bodies or run by the local authority. .g. Community olunteer ervices

There are often top schemes available through these services i.e. sometimes local authorities or businesses agree to pledge of your target once you hit of your target. They will also help you promote your campaign through their own social networks.

In the Town and Country Planning ssociation TCP estimated that the waterway network owned and managed by ritish aterways contributes . billion per annum to the visitor economy with potential for growth to billion by . ttracting overseas visitors together with overseas visits foregone generates million per annum.

oat ownership on the inland waterways is at an alltime high new boats are built faster than old ones are scrapped and steel narrow boats have a very long life with many eamples still serviceable at well over 40 years old. The “grey market” that has fuelled much of this in the last twenty years is declining as early retirement becomes less attractive but against that many younger people are taking to the waterways as a way of life and despite bad press the vast maority of liveaboards wish to either have a proper serviced mooring or travel significant distances on a regular basis.

strong feature in national tourism trends is the growth of multi venue activity so that attractions appeal to a more diverse audience. canal that can provide this has a significant advantage if there are ‘attractor’ features / facilities that encourage users to travel the route, thus spending more time in the area and increasing the likelihood of spending locally. dditional facilities such as cycle hire boat trips and educational tours for schools could provide further income for canal maintenance as well as increased spend in the local economy. The canal corridor serves to link attractors by creating a corridor with a common theme and this can be a tool for promoting eploration even with those not actually travelling by canal.

t present this corridor misses elly ak Park and eoley Castle which is a pity as boaters head past enroute to or from Central irmingham with no opportunity or incentive to stop and eplore locally. The restoration will etend the canal corridor Californiaarnes ill and ultimately to oodgate alley Park and awne asin.

The restored canal could provide an ecellent way of encouraging people to travel between such areas in a more environmentally friendly manner and by going at a more leisurely speed

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are more likely to sto and send in locally if the oortunity is resented. The restored canal and towath could rovide attractive loos and through routes.

To maimise the benefits of restoration there needs to be comlementary develoment taking lace along the corridor and enhancements to the immediate environment, including the towath and surrounds. This should include rovision for walkers and cyclists, as well as seating and thematic interretation. deally any rovision would be designed such that maintenance costs would be low, avoiding designs that could easily be subect to damage or wear and tear, but which reflects local materials and interest.

ith this in mind we would recommend the rovision of a shared surface towath, suitable for all users including wheelchairs, with seating benches rovided at reasonably regular intervals. nterretation boards could then be evenly saced along the route, addressing the history of the canal, wildlife and the restoration roect itself. This educational resource could include child friendly activities such as symbols or images in relief to allow rubbings to be taken and offer a feature for blind or artially sighted users. ot only can such interretation hel instil local ride, this tye of attraction hels encourage eole to walk the length of the canal, rather than ust one small art of it, and therefore gain the associated benefits eercise, interaction with the environment and surroundings. This would hel encourage longer stays in the area and therefore increase likelihood of send locally.

lso highly relevant is heritage tourism, something which has never been more imortant to the economy. reort by the eritage ottery und in 00 identifies its scale and significance, noting that heritage is not ust a luury or leasant recreational astime, but an integral art of our future. , 00. esearch by isit ritain in countries around the world reveals the UK’s core strengths as a visitor destination are heritage, history, pageantry and culture. rucially, it is living heritage, where the ast is brought to life, interreted and elained, that most insires visitors. vibrant restored canal, which is used daily by locals and visitors, and interrets local heritage in a userfriendly manner could hugely comlement eisting local heritage assets.

vents are also an ecellent way to attract new visitors to an area who would otherwise on be attracted to an area. ontinuation and eansion of eisting annual events and organisation of new events should therefore be seen as an imortant art of any ost restoration management rogramme.

eritage unding is briefly considered elsewhere but we would draw attention to the heritage elements that do eist and can be develoed and romoted. n the first instance we would suggest interretation of the restoration, which could start with identifying where boaters and walkers are on the original line and where deviations occur and also gateways at locations such

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as elly a ar and eoley astle here are then three distinct areas o ocs in rather less than two iles o canal, which wold greatly enhance the appeal o a orney to aliornia n order ro the iringha evel these are

 elly a ar

 tonehoseorne roo

 eoley astle

t each location there is the opportnity to recreate, enhance and interpret the natral and ilt heritage o the area and the relationship o the area with the canal deally these ideas will e developed ore lly elsewhere t the ollowing is noted elly a ar has een a nicipal par or ore than years and is part o the history o ran developent in ngland, the area arond the toneridgeorne roo is a rndown ran haitat with signiicant potential or iproveent and to increase conity enoyent and participation and eoley astle are over years old and once stood within a thosand acres o deer par which etended alost as ar as the city centre his can create a very intense heritage ocs over aot two iles o canal

ooing slightly rther aield there is signiicant potential or the growth o the visitor econoy and or the restored canal to help lin copleentary torist attractions to create appealing activity pacages

he apal anal postrestoration to aliornia will e arond iles long ro its nction with the iringha evel, and rn level or iles to eoley astle, which ay eectively e the terins or oaters who do not wish to ascend three locs to oor in the arina he arina will provide a destination that oers a reason to spend tie in the locality this is o eneit or oth the canal ser and the visitor to the area resently a signiicant ner o oaters several thosand per ann pass elly a on the way to and ro central iringha and ind no reason to stop here elly a ar, eoley castle and the proposed arina developent all give reason to divert and spend tie in this area

n addition the restoration creates an opportnity or new oorings in an area o the canal networ where these are in short spply

he copleted canal will provide a ocs or landased visitors in elly a and aliornia, where there is crrently none he water space itsel with the oats will e an attraction, and the creation o an attractive and inorative canal trail will e possile, lined to local acilities where visitors can see rereshent and engage with the area hilst a ner o towns in the wider area have a canal, and ost have soe or o access to the water, ew have wored to ae an active eatre o their canal 28

his section addresses oth the econoic and wider social and environental eneits o canal restoration alongside the econoic and wider eneits o toris and the visitor econoy, as in this case, it is liely to e the latter which ay eneit ost ro restoration o the apal anal and ths iprove local econoic opportnity ndeed, as identiied in the policy review, there is large ephasis on realising the potential o toris locally with any o iportant organisations coitted to invest and help the sector grow onseently, opportnities or restoration o the canal to lin into other local toris growth initiatives and help iprove local prodct overall will also e discssed anals are an iportant part o national the cltral and ilt heritage, as syols o a rich indstrial past they are an iportant part o local identity and pride anals can contrite to any ational and local overnent policy agendas aied at creating ore sstainale places and conities ecase they can oer opportnities or inoral recreation, edcation, regeneration and alternative nonotorised transport rotes anal restoration can help acilitate a wide variety o eneits to their local areas inclding  acilitating hosing growth and renewal y nlocing land de to increased property vales associated with waterronts

 providing options or sstainale transport , well designed or sitale adapted, provide ecellent oroad waling and cycle rotes

 placeaing, placeshaping and ecoing a catalyst or ran renaissance canals can add to local character and distinctiveness and instigate investent

 stilating and the visitor econoy, sstainale toris and recreation y iproving the attractiveness o an area, e in a draw in theselves and helping to lin attractions

 proving health and welleing y providing attractive locations or eercise and an environent that is condctive to redcing stress

 itigating the ipact o cliate change throgh caron redctionsin, drainage and lood anageent and iproving iodiversity and environental sstainaility

nvestent in canals can have a wide variety o eneits eyond their iediate srrondings y eeding spply chains in the arine econoy, helping to change perceptions and iprove the iage o an area estoration can oer opportnities to iprove social cohesion y providing a ocal point or conity activity, and providing opportnities or volnteering and sills training ch wideranging eneits can e etreely hard to antiy in inancial ters, however there is a growing ed o evidence to ae the case or canal restoration and iproveent, soe o which is evidenced elow

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“Inland waterways are helping to stimulate regional, subregional and local economies and are being used successfully as tools in improving community wellbeing and urban and rural housing offers in attracting and generating investment in placemaing and place shaping and in delivering wider public benefit. Inland waterways are maing an increasingly important contribution to the visitor economy, and there is a growing national awareness of the added value and commercial betterment deriving from the presence of waterways in developments”.

orce he own and contry lanning ssociation, , p dvice note nland aterways

n the contet o this stdy, the copletion o the canal to aliornia eectively oers a place aing opportnity or arnes ill and eoley astle to reinvent itsel as a signiicant attractor and a “place to go” within the area. Effectively delivered, the length from Selly Oak to California cold attract a large ner o visitors, with ore local sinesses ale to eneit hilst we loo in general at other restoration schees elsewhere, the potential calls to ind the change in proile o roitwich, orcestershire, when the canal there reopened in

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he iverse enefits of Inland aterways dapted from the advice note on Inland aterways, bove

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t can e etremely difficlt to antify the economic enefit of canal retoration de to the compleitie of pply chain, variale impact pon land vale and the wideranging manifetation relating to impact pon the viitor economy. ecae of the longevity of canal, enefit can keep eing delivered decade into the ftre, yet i almot impoile to antify thee, a no one really know what economic circmtance or year into the ftre will e. rther to thi there are a wide range of incremental vale that are hard to antify in monetary term, ch a improved commnity health and welleing, leading to redction in the cot to the S and local athoritie.

eearch y he Canal and iver rt and the nland aterway ociation ha hown that canal retoration can ring oth hort term and long term economic enefit inclding direct o creation, dring contrction and after completion in marina, oat yard, caf, p and tourist attractions as well as in any new development sites that have been ‘unlocked’ as a result of potential plift in property vale. Canal can contrite to local economie y attracting torit who pend locally, pporting the marine ector particlarly SE and craft trade, which can then feed into local pply chain. etoration can improve the image of an area and eently land and property vale. or eample, the ritih arine ederation ha reported that there are over firm and , flltime eivalent E o within the marine ector in the et and Eat idland, generating revene of . million per annm.

etored waterway can e valale tool in place making and reranding of area to attract invetment and enale tranformational change, for eample the ail o and rronding wateride ilding in irmingham were originally prchaed y developer for million, and following redevelopment the ite wa valed at million in . necdotally it wa ggeted waterway retoration can increae property vale y .

nformation from reary reen ook ggeted waterway owned and manged y Canal iver rt are delivering plic enefit in ece of million per annm nationally. n addition to the vale generated y e of the waterway, thi inclde p to million of health enefit, delivery of affordale hoing of arond million C and, plift in property vale of million million of none intrinic vale. C, .

o demontrate how retoration can and ha enefited a nmer of location, the o elow contain a range of cae tdie from reearch ndertaken y the niverity of orthampton for the Canal and iver rt in , demontrating the likely economic vale of ome canal retoration cheme arond the

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–

orth lyde ull ime uivalent iverpool anal ink ontributed to the delivery obs with in construction ncourain o an estimated etra visitors annually to business startups roperty developments the iverpool waterront which in turn mainly residential ttractions such as alkirk contributed to and million additional ross heel attractin spend o over million into the visitor spend out o leisure related local economy businesses in the ier ead outh ocks area reported an improved economic perormance ollowin the completion o the anal ink proect

ennet von elivered property related roitwich are anal unpublished as schemes includin marinas retail oices delivered an approimate uplit in towpath residential – resultin in over million o visitors a positive impact on businesses close to investment net ull ime uivalent obs the canal million visitor spend rom boatin he restoration contributed to the success o the supportin currently ull time obs ith million racle entre constructed on a approimately million private investment in which attracted over million visitors in irst the new marina creatin obs with plans to year o openin and employs more than epand and supportin siniicant waterside people development

ochdale uddersield arrow anals reated ridwater aunton reated obs within – ull ime uivalent obs in leisure and recreation leisure and tourism with an tourism elivered siniicant canal related estimated property value enhancement o development includin residential business and million ver visits were made to the oices on the ochdale anal isitor numbers or canal in and these visits enerated the ochdale are estimated at million visitors approimately million o direct ependiture with a net impact o – million pa or the estoration positively supported business start uddersield arrow estimates are million ups and business development and canal related visitors with a net impact – million pa he investments oten acted as a catalyst or chair o the uddersield canal ociety suested investment and reeneration restoration has been the catalyst or redevelopment and reeneration in the canal ource of case studies ater dds value, corridor which had seen an investment o over ighlighting the Impact of the estoration of ur million across two ocal uthorities creatin aterways, anal iver rust Inland over obs aterways ssociation,

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£257 billion by 2025. Tourism’s impact is amplified through for every £1,000 generated in direct

Droitwich’s H

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 the condition of the waterway infrastructure itself,

 its accessibility by road, water and foot,

 the availability of other services, facilities and attractions, and

 The perception and image of the waterway, its tow path and surroundings.

To maimise the benefits of restoration there needs to be complementary development taing place along the corridor and enhancements to the towpath and immediate surroundings. This will help to retain visitors by providing a complementary pacage of activities in an attractive setting. To ensure retention of such visitors and revisits to the area, attractions need to be accessible by a range of transport modes and facilities such as towpaths and benches will need to be maintained to a high standard.

s identified above, there are a wide range of potential incremental benefits that might be realised from restoration of the canal. hilst these can be etremely difficult to uantify, they can offer highly valuable benefits to the local community including enhanced health and well being as a result of more people undertaing physical activities, spending time outdoors and being close to nature, and they can provide new opportunities for volunteering or community activities. estoration can lead to increased local pride and selfconfidence from witnessing investment in the local area and being close to a pleasant environment, and higher educational attainment as a result of local schools having nearby facilities to utilise for site visits and as ‘outdoor classrooms’.

nder the provisions of the Health and ocial care ct 2012, upper tier and unitary authorities were given new responsibilities to improve the health of their populations. ccording to the ocal overnment ssociation, this shift from the H to local government represents a move from treating sicness to actively promoting health and wellbeing.

The health benefit of canal restoration is in two parts. The obvious one is providing places to eercise and environments that encourage eercise and outdoor activities. This benefits both physical and mental health as discussed later in this section. The second way that the canal will benefit health is that it is nown that poverty brings illness and wealth improves health.

esearch by ancaster niversity for the Disability ights ommission in 200 suggests that patterns of socioeconomic ineualities in health follow a ‘social gradient’ in which those in higher economic groups have better health and fewer disabling conditions than those groups below them. Health ineualities are evident from the start of life and persist into adulthood with more than twice as many 2564 year olds in ‘routine occupations’ reporting ‘not good’ heath compared to those in professional roles. dditionally, an independent review of research into income, health ineualities and social problems by oseph owntree oundation found that whilst relationships and pathways are comple, for every incremental increase in income, there is an associated higher level of good health. onseuently, by improving the local economy,

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health will also e improed as a result of reersing the social and economic causes of poerty related illness.

636

here is a growing set of eidence to show that access to the natural enironment including uran green spaces improes health and welleing preents disease and helps people recoer from illness. n the oodland rust estimated that the could sae .n a year if eeryone had access to green spaces whilst atural ngland hae suggested eperiencing nature in the outdoors can help tacle oesity coronary heart disease and mental health prolems y encouraging people to e more actie and reducing leels of stress. ndeed the role of waterways and towing paths are specifically referred to within ublic ealth uidance romoting and reating uilt or atural nvironments that ncourage and upport hysical ctivity anuary and the Department of Health’s pulication e ctive, e ealthy lan for etting the ation oving eruary for their role in encouraging people to ecome more actie.

eports on cottish canal regeneration suggests the networ of canal towpaths which is etensiely used for different forms of actie trael e.g. waling ogging and cycling contriutes almost million of additional pulic health enefits per annum through

 he alue of casualties saed from road traffic accidents

 reduction in asenteeism

 reduction in eposure to poor air uality

 people isit outdoors more and tae more eercise

he report suggests that for eery inested in the canal towpath networ there is a return of of health enefits. ource .

andwell in the est idlands has a ritish rust for onseration olunteers reen ym and a physical actiity referral scheme including independent and guided wals along their waterways.

aling is the cheapest easiest and most accessile forms of eercise aailale. aing a pleasant local enironment in which to go for a wal can greatly improe the leel of actiity participation locally. estoration of the canal would proide an actie waterfront with improed landscaping and enironmental amenity would help encourage far greater use of the towpath y locals and isitors leading to significant community enefits.

ycling is a cheap enironmentally friendly form of transport and one of the fastest growing sports in Britain as revealed by Sport ’s active people Survey 2012. A 2014 study commissioned y ritish ycling undertaen y amridge niersity centre for iet and ctiity esearch suggested that relatiely minor ehaiour change can ring enormous health diidends if motorists swapped the car for ust minutes of cycling per day the could sae m per year as a result of reductions in heart disease diaetes and oesity. oweer many are discouraged y safety issues associated with cycling on roads or the initial expense of purchasing a bike in order to ‘have a go’ to see if they take to it. A

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dedicated cycle route ith associated cycle hire facilities ould help overcoe soe of these barriers and likely encourage ore local people and visit to participate in cycling this reaping the associated health benefits. ith the arina developent there is the opportunity for any boat related outlet to diversify into cycle repair sales and hire.

ental ealth probles have been uoted as the crisis of the 21st century. he ental ealth oundation notes that 1 in 4 people ill experience soe kind of ental health proble in the course of the year hilst ork related stress cost to the econoy reached a assive .bn in 2012. esearch fro European entre for Environent and uan ealth at the niversity of Exeter found that iving in an urban area ith green spaces has a longlasting positive ipact on peoples ental ellbeing uch ore so than any other teporary easures. As noted by the National Audit Office’s Report on Enhancing Urban Green Space: “aess to reen spaes improves people’s quality of life, reducing stress, encouraging relaxation, and providing a sense of freeom” all of which are vital of overall wellbeing. What’s more, access to high quality green spaces can produce easurable iproveents to stress levels in a relatively short space of tie ournal of ental ealth 200. ental ealth and ellbeing benefits that could be seen as a result of canal restoration and the associated creation of a pleasant enhanced natural environent include reduced levels of stress sense of cal and overall ellbeing. estoration of the canal provides an opportunity to create ne urban and accessible rural green spaces and ater frontage all of hich ill help encourage ore people to use the area and hopefully benefit fro the associated iproveents in ellbeing.

estoration of the apal anal presents an opportunity to help Biringha ity ouncil to fulfil their obligation to proote and iprove public health locally. nce the apal anal is restored to alifornia it is planned to restore it to alesoen thereby providing health and socioeconoic benefits to these areas indeed iproveents to the topath as far as alifornia ill help increase access to oodgate alley ountry ark as the ne canal path ill reach to ithin yards of the ountry ark effectively extending it.

he restored apal anal ill be of significant historic and environental interest hich could be greatly capitalised upon for education. here are a nuber of educational benefits that could be realised by canal restoration including direct access to local heritage biodiversity and the environent supporting subects such as geography history and biology. any teachers believe field trips and site visits are vital educational assets, they are “often the most memorale learnn eperenes help s to mae sense of the orl aron” (teachers.org.uk) that can help raise educational achievement. Evidence has proven that ‘outdoor classrooms’ that are highly conductive to learning and help children and young adults relate and connect to their local environent soething hich can help cobat the lack of understanding that feeds into a spiral of local and global environental degradation. he anal and iver rust already operates an educational prograe and provides learning resources linked to the ational urriculu trails ater safety sessions challenges and other activities. estoration provides the

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opportunity to utilise this and further develop resources such as heritage trails and dipping ponds.

urther to this, restoration of the canal could provide opportunities for volunteering, where by people are given the opportunity to learn new skills, which may even improve their confidence and employability, whilst guided tours could provide an allround educational asset to be used by tourists and locals alike.

anal restoration can offer opportunities for volunteering that enable communities to come together to focus on a collective goal, whilst gaining new skills, confidence and sense of pride. “t is important tat local communities are fully engaged in te future planning of teir local aterays so as to secure community onersip and use e longterm sustainaility of te aterays ill e dependent upon a sared vision developed troug community involvement and participation”. (TCPA / BW, Policy Advice Note: Inland Waterways, 2009).

At there is the potential for volunteer proects locally. his could be from walking groups, craft afternoons to establishing a community garden (perhaps at Stonehouse rook) and volunteer ranger services. A restored canal could offer a range of opportunities for such proects to take place, provide a new focal point for the community and inspire people to get involved.

he cost of the restoration has been estimated in this report at million pounds and we have estimated that these costs have a degree of uncertainty to be within . As costs nearly always rise from initial estimates such as this we have assumed an increase of for the purposes of the cost benefit model. hus we are working on a cost of restoration, including the creation of the marina space (but not of any development such as housing or retail around the marina) of million.

he main longterm economic benefits of the apal canal restoration proect come from the increased spend in the area as a result of the canal being open, and the fact that it will unlock a key development site which would deliver significant regenerating benefits to arnes illWeoley astle and the wider area. here is also the potential to save public money locally through increased health and wellbeing.

oopers and ybrand in their study of the ennet and Avon anal reported average visitor numbers of the order of , per mile on popular canals, one third of these visitors spending an average of (updated to prices) per visit that would not otherwise have been spent in the local economy: it should be noted this etra spend was as a result of the improvement of 39

a canal tat already eisted. Tese ires inclde olar locations sc as Bat and ord as well as aor reeneration sites and rral lents o canal, and ave een conired y sseent srveys. At resent tese retrns are nliely to e tyical o te Worcester and Birina Canal at elly a owever, tey will e eceeded at any oter sots alon te local canal networ incldin oneyot locations sc as as treet Basin. Te olarity o oter lents o ran canal in articlar arond ondon and te West idlands sests tat siniicant visitor ners it e acieved.

Alost any canal tri oat it reasonaly eect to carry ,000 asseners a year assin te vessel as sicient oeratin caacity and wors scool olidays and weeends or te ser si onts.

We ave not assed tat any additional day ire oats or oliday ire oats wold e ased on te restored lent o canal. owever, we ave assed tat te roosed 0 ert arina is oerational and illed and tat anoter oorins ay e availale online or related to te terins. In addition, we ave assed tat te restoration will rove attractive eno tat oats leavin te ain networ will ae teir way to Weoley Castle and te terins and not st visit elly a Par. Te ollowin econoic eneits (ecldin land vales) are tereore sested:

nnin costs (ecldin ,0 ,20 oorin ees/licence) oored oats: Caliornia oorin ees er 2,00 0,000 ann

end wilst oats/20 2 ,00 aoard er visit visits er oat

isitin oats: 000 days Averae er day ,000 Caliornia/Weoley Castle

000 days isitin oats: elly a Averae er day ,000 Par

Tri oats Passener/tri ,000 ,000

Anlin/walin/ end er visit (averae) 20,000 2,000,000 Cyclin

avins to N er sent on 000 ealt Beneits etc. 0,000 etc. towat 0

040

is assumes per foot per annum it an average oat lengt of feet – tis is in line it local marinas providing medium level facilities

mooring spend assumes no residential users – residential oaters also spend teir domestic udget in te local area

assumes te successful development of te eritage features and als identified as an attraction

Te eneits as assessed aove deend eavily on anside visitors: tis is not nsal and tis reality is one actor tat drives te ndin riorities or canal restoration. owever it does ae te restoration eneits deendent on a sccessl anside rodct tat attracts siniicant ners o visitors.

rter to te aove tere are any oter eneits tat can e assessed and catred, t wold not sow in a conventional revene analysis.

osts ersus enefits

Tis reort is not intended to e a coreensive cost eneit analysis, owever as it resents ot a notional cost and a series o orecast iscal eneits we are well aware tat coarin te two will tae lace, and resent ot own interretation elow.

Te irst tin to note is tat te costs o ildin te canal will rin eneits to te local area, and tat te onoin eneits coe at a rice: aintenance o te asset. Ts te ollowin costs, eneits and asstions ave een ade in te irst instance

inle oneo cost sread Constrction ,000,000 evenly over years: 0 into local econoy otine aintenance ,000 a 00 into local econoy enewed every 2 years: oc ates 200,000 2 into local econoy nce every ten years:0 redin 2,000 into local econoy Allowance or a oneo ailre reirin aor eenditre to save te Continency ,000,000 canal: asse 2. a ater year 0 and 0 into local econoy Bilds y 0 er ann Boater send 29,0 a to ll vale Bilds y 0 er ann Banside visitor send 2,000,000 to ll vale Bilds y 0 er ann ealt Beneits etc. 0,000 to ll vale

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Ts wit te canal tain ive years to ild, and te eneits rowin y 0 er ann, te ll eneits are assed to e realised ro year onwards. We ave t tese ires into a standard sreadseet tat we ave develoed or te roses o ivin a rostness test or any siness case. Te odel incldes a tre year discont rate o . and ses te ires over a 0year tie eriod.

 Tain a asic cost o illion and te eneits o .9 illion odel ecoes ositive in year – or years eore te ll ostrestoration eneits are realised and only si years ater oenin.

 Te annal NP in te oenin year is ositive, te canal never oerates at a deicit

 or rostness we ran te odel wit a ier cost o 0 illion, te sae oater eneits t only 0,000 landased visitors er ann, resltin in an overall visitor eneit o . illion rater tan . illion. Te odel ecoes ositive in year

 We ave also rn te odel witot te costs and revene associated wit te arina – te costs saved are te constrction and aintenance o te treerise staircase and te oorin asin, te revene oreone tat o te oorins in te arina. Wilst te resltin scee is araly less interestin tese ore or less conteralance eac oter, and te scee is no ore and no less viale witot te arina. I Weoley Castle can be effectively promoted (e.g. “Weoley Castle Canal Festival”) this slightly shorter scee ay e aealin as an interi easre

It sold e noted te canal only oens to traic in year , and tat in te oenin year visitor benefits are likely to be higher than forecast due to the novelty of the “new canal” Tese ires ean tat tere is a reasonale eectation tat te local econoy will ave eneited y ore tan te cost o te scee witin etween and years o te restoration coencin ( to 9 years ro te reoenin). Tis does not ean tat te ndin aencies et teir oney ac, t it does ean tat te scee enerates ore or te local econoy tan it costs to ileent. Te ires are iven or idance only, t tey indicate tat te scee is eneicial overall.

Tere are two atters o note reardin oorin revene.

Te oorins will reire aintenance: aintenance o te wors is already covered in te costs. oorins will also reire anaeent, owever as tis is an eloyent cost it is eectively a secondary eneit into te conity – te cost will need to e considered in a siness lan or te arina oerator, t te eneit will e retained in te conity. We ave assed 0 oorins in te arina ls elsewere – in ractice ot ires cold e doled wit a relatively odest increase in caital eenditre and virtally no increase in revene eenditre, wit te otential to dole te revene to te oerator and eneits to te local area.

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his report has eamined the prospect of restoring the udley o. Canal between the eastern end of elly ak ark and California a distance of .km. his restoration would entail two new pedestrian and cycle bridges a refurbished bridge at omery oad a new three rise staircase lock and construction of a marina at California. his report estimates the costs as million.

t the proposed marina (but not elsewhere) there are significant issues over made land that needs to be fully eplored and may impact on the costs of developing a marina and the viability of associated development due to increased costs. lthough the marina would be adversely affected by differential settlement it is associated residential development that places a greater load on the site. Further there may still be issues of gas venting from the site.

he economic benefits to the area are epected to ustify the capital costs over a period of years with the cost benefit analysis becoming positive in year si years after the canal has opened.

We have also run robustness tests on the model that demonstrate that the marina is a welcome addition but that the canal can be restored as far as Weoley Castle ruins and still give a return into the local economy and be selfsustaining. his allows confidence in the restoration as far as Weoley Castle whilst the marina plans are developed and whilst proposals to link over Woodgate alley to alesowen are developed.

here are significant environmental benefits as the corridor is currently badly degraded and of limited value the introduction of a waterway habitat would create a wildlife corridor from elly ak ark westwards. here are opportunities to create community habitat areas where the local community could create wildlife and ecology areas and utilise these for recreation and education thus increasing local involvement and ownership.

We advise that the marina be limited to moorings due to the site constraints the proposal is development led and to make the marina any larger will reduce development value. lthough “offtheshelf” marina business models often call for larger numbers of moorings (often much larger) we are aware of several viable marina businesses that operate on about moorings.

We also note that the rust has received helpful preapplication advice from irmingham City Council and while there are clear challenges they comment that the proect could deliver benefits to the local community. n particular while this was an old industrial site there is concern at the loss of public open space. he rust needs to consider the shape and location of the marina from a master plan perspective considering levels from the outset and how the edges can be integrated. ousing around the perimeter of the marina may be successful in hiding the level changes and allow proper integration into a new residential focussed estate.

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lso in arallel the rust should consider the most aroriate location for the reen infrastructure and ho this ould connect to offsite reen areas such as oodate alle to the est and eole to the east. It’s unlikely that a retail use would be approved. The plan should hel identif deeloment alon the canal that ill hel fund the roect and to establish a marina roosal at alifornia that ill create habitat and oen sace as ell as roide fundin

With the reorganising of the ward boundaries the project now fits neatly in to the new ‘Weoley and Selly Oak Ward’. For the project to be successful the Trust needs to work closely with local councillors and communit rous ho ill be suortie of future lannin alications

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List of Appendices.

Name and Author Page No

1. Report on laser mapping of the canal in Selly Oak Park 49 By Ken Pearson of Axon Laser Scanning

2. Topographical report 53 Based on Information provided by Midland Survey

3. Report on linking paths. 57 Prepared by Lapal Canal Trust

4. Proposal for Marina in Selly California. 61 Summary by Lapal Canal Trust

5. Birmingham City Council Pre-planning application advice. 65 By Ben Plenty, Birmingham City Council

6. Summary of Ground condition desk study 69 Main Report by Bob Manders of Acivico

7. Planning Policy Review 91 By Jenny Smith Moss Naylor Young

8. Habitat 101 By Jenny Smith Moss Naylor Young

9. Archaeological Report 107 By Alex Jones of AJ Archaeology

10. Plans 130 By Tamarisk Kay of Moss Naylor Young

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48 48

APPENDIX ONE Laser Mapping of the Lapal Canal in Selly Oak Park.

By Ken Pearson Surveyor/Director of Axon Laser Scans Ltd

The Lapal Canal Trust is restoring the 460-metre length of canal in Selly Oak Park in Birmingham, the line of the canal is very clear but over the years has been filled by garden refuse and general deterioration over the 60 years since it was abandoned. Lapal Canal Trust approached Atkins consultants for advice, and they were introduced to me and my company Axon Laser Services Ltd. The Trust has embarked on a restoration project to restore 5.5 miles of canal over the coming years, and being a trust, gains it's support through many avenues, one being voluntary assistance, whereby my services were utilised.

Area o be scanned Scanning of area with some water

The brief was to ascertain complete measurements, including volumes of a section of the canal at Selly Oak Park. There are many traditional methods of achieving this, i.e total station topography, however technology has moved on and now the world of 3D laser scanning (which my company offers) has opened up a world of possibilities beyond measurement extraction, it also creates a permanent 3D record in extraordinary detail. Beside the architectural field, it is also used for Asset Management, Petro/Chemical plants, Highways/Railways/Rivers, Archaeology, Forestry/Arboretums and Traffic Accidents. The project the Lapal Trust has asked me to carry out was ideal for laser scanning.

How a scanned Section Looks

49 49

Positioning Reference Balls

Positioning scanning Head Automatic 360-degree laser scan and video

So what is Laser Scanning!

A laser scanner emits a rapidly moving laser beam and captures the points in 3D space from which the beam is reflected. The scanner is set up in various locations so as to capture the whole project area. For this section of the Lapal Canal about 21 scanning positions were used, with total time about 5 hours. The individual scans are linked together through scanning a minimum of 3 target spheres/checkerboards stationed between each scan setup. Because the area is overgrown care had to be taking setting up the spheres, typically these took 5 to 10 minutes to set up for each scan.

Once the site work is completed the information processed on a PC where scanner software registers each scan by matching the reference targets together and creating a 3d point cloud model. The resulting 3D model enables precise measurements between any selected points in the scanned objects and can, if desired, also include colour information/photos. This collected data is of exceptional quality and can be used either in its raw (Point Cloud) format or exported one of many file formats to use in 3D or 2D CAD software. By utilising this powerful technology, the scanning process is rapid, safe and non-invasive therefor less time is spent on site capturing as-built information, dramatically reducing project timescales and costs.

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Examples of sections taken from the 3D model of scanned data

Section 1

Indicative canal profiles have been added for illustration. In section 1, 8 and 17 the canal has water in it, so scanned data, is to the water level. In section 24 and 29 some of the original puddle clay was removed and there is no water. The information can be used by the Lapal Canal Trust to help estimate the amount of infill to be removed and where and how much puddle clay to be restored to make the canal waterproof.

Section 8 Section 17

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Section 24

Section 29

We have contributed a small part to this community venture, hopefully we may continue to be involved in the whole scheme!

Ken Pearson Axon Laser Scans Ltd. [email protected] Tel 07973 269110

If you want more information and a 390Mb video of the points please contact the Lapal Canal Trust

52 52 APPENDIX TWO Topographical Survey.

In May 2018 Midland Survey Engineers Lewis Reilly and his colleague assisted by Peter Fisher of the Lapal Canal Trust carried out a detailed survey of the proposed marina site with spot heights on a 10m grid, this was followed by heights every 20m of the 2250m route to Selly Oak Park. Midland Survey’s Jim Hudson kindly converted the information to the contour map shown below.

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oporaphical information of the route prepared by idland Survey in ay with points taken approimately every m. ater level of canal is m

54 54

55 55

56 56 APPENDIX THREE Linking Paths from Selly Oak to California.

A Introduction. he current path should be upraded to become a sinificant asset to the city. t links Selly ak ark to oodate valley and the artley reen area of irminham to the Hospital and niversity in Selly ak which has a staff patient and student population of about makin it one of the more concentrated workin areas in the city. he current path is impassable in winter its nelected and used for moderate fly tippin.

s part of the restoration the path would be upraded to an allweather m wide path for cyclists and pedestrians. Where it’s feasible it would be desirable to have a 1.5m grass verge between the path and the restored canal this would be useful for securin visitin boats and provide room for anlers. e would epect the path to attract rants to assist with the proect fundin.

B. Access routes

here are pedestrian access routes oinin the path these are in relatively ood condition but in need of some . he locations are shown in the plan below and photoraphs of the access points shown at the end of the section

Access routes and position of Bridges

57 57 Pictures of the 10 access points

Access 1 102 Corisande Road Access 2 189 Road

Access 3 162 Corisande Road Access 4 12 Corisande Road

Access 5 23 Nathely Grove Access 6 319 Reservoir Road

Access 7 & 8 Bottetourt Road Looking North & South

58 58 Access 9 & 10 Somery Lane looking North & South

C . Bridges over the Canal

he anal will have 5 rossing oints two are eisting bridges and will need to be installed. he will be an interesting feature of the route. Bridge No 1 ell a ar bridge. his was built in 15 and is thought to be one of the oldest anal bridges in irmingham its in general use b edestrians and oasional light vehiles. t is badl in need of some restoration and should be an attrative feature of the ar. n 1 the nland Waterwas ssoiation Waterwas eover olunteer grou leaned awa the v that was damaging the struture

Bridge No 2 ining 1 eservoir d to 1 and 1 orisande oad ossibl relaing the old lift ridge demolished in 1 Plans Lift Bridge demolished in 1928 from CRT records

59 59

Bridge No 3 ining 1 orisande oad to athel rove and 1 eservoir oad. his will be a new wing ridge.

Bridge No 4 t ottetourt d ould be a fied bridge with disabled ram aess.

Bridge No 5 . he omer road bridge built in 15 remains and needs to be eavated and should be useable, it was covered up in the 1950’s. t ould be an attrative asset

60 60 APPENDIX FOUR Proposed Marina Site in California

Introduction. he tins 00 easibilit report included a suestion or a arina in the aliornia istrict o artle reen

Atkins proposal in their 2007 feasibility Study

n 01 rchitectural tudents o irinha it niversit worin or an oranisation called ade produced a detailed pae report o utilisin the area or housin and a arina his was or 10 1 to bedroo hoes

61 61 Professional Advice. he apal rust held discussions with several arina operators and with icola indale o loc who have eperience o ater ide developent icola with her rchitect ountord iott has ver indl drawn up several dierent schees elp also received ro ritish aterwas arina iited who used their econoic odel to help odel possible costs and incoe or a arina he arina is sall so needs to partner with an eistin arina or to have sinle tea to both anae the arina and the canal ro ell a to aliornia

Marina with all residential scheme

Marina with all retail Scheme

62 62 Marina with mixed retail residential Scheme

Marina with Student village

Summary Table

pe o chee esidential units etail nits ar parin evelopent alue esidential onl units s il 55 ainl retail 1 units 1 s 5 units 955 s 95 5 onl ied retail units 05 s units 90 s residential tudent illae 1 units il 0

he our schees are illustrative o what iht be easible, the help to estiate the site developent value, in practice chanes would be ade to balance the needs o potential developers he shape o the arina could chane elow is the optiu shape to aiise the nuber o boats ts reconised in practice that a saller arina iht better optiise the inancial ustiication

63 63

he initial assuption was that arina would help to eet the open space reuireent or a developent includin housin irinha it ouncil in their preapplication plannin advice ppendi 5 have clariied that this is not the case and in act residential boats will reuire their own open space allocation earin in ind this reuireent and the iportance o housin to ae restoration o a landill site a realistic possibilit we now believe that boat capacit will need to be around 0, rather than the possible aiu o 115 educin the arina sie will also help to reduce costs as it aes it ore anaeable to handle the site levels across the site

otes 1 he estiated cost or buildin and euippin the arina would need to be raised b rants so that the revenue enerated would be used or aintainin the canal route rather than servicin the debt he laout o the arina is not the optiu and is erel illustrative

64 64 APPENDIX FIVE

Pre-Application Advice Provided by Birmingham City Council in July 2017

From: en lent ailtoenlentbirinhaovu To: uh uphres nbhuhailco nbhuhailco Subject: 010559 reapplication enuir or restoration wors to the canal

ear uh

reer to our eail o the th a and previous correspondence ter readin our eail decided that needed to create a oral preapp ile to ather toether our correspondence, discussions and eerin plans

s such please use the reerence above or an uture eails etc

lease consider the below as a oral response to the current proposal reer to our laout plan reerence 00o showin a arina with oorins, retail o ,90s and dwellins consistin o 1, , , and bed units he dwellins would have 100 parin provision, the arina would have 11 spaces and the retail 1 spaces

or the sae o this advice will assue that the redundant canal route would be reestablished to enable the arina to connect into a canal sste

n ters o principle

he proect proposes the loss o public open space and replaceent with residential and retail use his raises three e principles loss o open space, the suitabilit o residential in this location and the suitabilit o retail in this location

oss o open space

olicies in the irinha evelopent lan and the ational lannin olic raewor protect open space ro developent he polic reuires an assessent o the provision o in the area, an open space assessent would consider adeuac o suppl, ualit and accessibilit o each within s o the site this shows that the is surplus the schee still needs to provide new to eet the deands o the new residents on a ration o ha per 1000 population, as set out in olic 9 o the his would either reuire 1 dwellins bed averae 99 people ,90s o bed averae 1 people and ,0s o , i we eclude the oorins he should be provided on site as a irst preerence

65 65 he uitabilit o residential

ein within the liits o the it and bein connect to the priar road networ and providin access to public transport there would be no obection to the site or residential use subect to the above loss bein ull resolved

he uitabilit o retail

he site is in an out o centre location ein 00 beond the nearest identiied local centre eole astle bein 59 to the south ein over ,500s o retail proposed ou would need to undertae a etail pact ssessent his would have to consider the ipact o the schee on eistin centres, and whether there are an seuentiall preerable sites within or on the ede o eistin centres t is ipossible to coent on the principle until this wor has been done, but it is bein proposed in the least avoured location or new retail use out o centre and is thereore unliel to be ound to be suitable

n ters o desin principles

he site is a council owned area o public open space and has a power line runnin throuh the northwest corner he site slopes draaticall ro north to south and ro east to west, eanin that the proposed laout, inored b the contet, is essential odellin, based on accurate on and osite surve date is thereore critical to understand how the proect would interate into the local contet, this constraint would be urther challened b the proposal or a arina that clearl requires a large flat and level area, that connects into the ‘canal’ datum to function). t thereore sees preature to consider the proposed laout without havin the above e data

owever, in brie the current laout raises a series o concerns suspect that the northern ede o the arina would be substantiall lower than natural round level and as such would present a deep drop to users o tonehouse ane ailins would deal with the iediate saet concern but would not satis a broader desin concern ow the arina ede is handled to all sides is ver iportant it is essential that it provides a level relationship to pedestrians on the ede with landscaped raded levels and possible buildins providin the level chane with sinle aspect at the lower level to properl interate with the local area

lso, the proposed residential areas need to consist o a erieter bloc oration with bac ardens adacent to other bac ardens his would enhance the desin and strenthen the leibilit o the whole, as well as ain the developent ore secure and deendable he space in ront around the broo, should be an enhanced area o with a ootpath throuh a linear par, providin visual interest and ecoloical beneits

he retail, lie the arina, presents aor desinlaout challenes due to its nature and the contet etail uses in this contet should be set bac ro the road with parin in ront and be raed behind with urther buildins to hide their ass and often ‘dead’ sides and rear. These concerns are in addition to concerns entioned above in reard to the principle

66 66 ther issues

e residential requires to satisf ffordale ousing olic that sees affordale housing) and ould require a contriution toards education funding.

The servicing areas for the retail uses ould cause disturance to the local eisting residents due to its roimit.

The site is currentl a caed landfilled site and ould require sustantial reclamation to e made suitale for residential use. recommend that ou tal to our and ontamination Team aul Burns) in Regulatory Services to discuss the required strategy (if you’re not alread in discussions). viailit araisal ould e necessar if ou cannot achieve a olic comliant roosal for affordale housing, on site and education contriutions).

ummar

verall, and considering our last email, thin this roect is interesting aleit amitious) and could deliver enefits to the local area and the aal Trust. am ver concerned aout the loss of the oen sace, thin this is a valued local resource that ould need to e comensated through enhanced onsite rovision to offset the area lost. The roosed retail causes sustantial disquiet due to oth rincile and design. s have set out aove large flat slas are hard to hide and integrate, the roosed marina alread resents maor design challenges to revent it aearing to e unceremoniousl loned sorr technical term) into the site. urther housing around its erimeter, hiding level changes and roerl integrating it into a ne residential focussed estate, ma e successful ut the retail ill remove much of the scoe for oth the integration and the off set.

strongl advise ou to remove the retail comonent and focus solel on residential use.

also strongl advise ou to consider the shae and location of the marina from a master lan ersective, considering levels from the outset and ho the edges can e integrated. lso in arallel ou should consider the most aroriate location for the green infrastructure and ho this ould connect to offsite green areas such as oodgate alle to the est and eole to the east.

egards

en lent

rincial lanning fficer dgaston

The aove comments are made ithout reudice to an final decision made the local lanning authorit.

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68

68 APPENDIX SIX Ground Condition Desk Survey

his is a suary of the age round ondition es Study coissioned y the aal anal rust and coleted in une y civico hans to Bo anders for collecting all the data his full reort to e ade availale to reediation secialists

he study covers the history of the site and includes historic as fro onards and details of ore holes ith log sheets fro also historic as of for the ric construction ors and a a of trenches uilt to collect ethane

1. Historical Introduction he current roosal is to redevelo an area of land that is currently ulic en Sace (non as Old Quarry Park) as a arina for canal oats ith ossile residential andor retail develoents

Research has shon that the southern art of the site as crossed y a canal (oened in ) eerging fro the aal unnel in the south estern corner of the study area large Bricors as oerating on the site to the north of the canal y the s and ground oring included ecavation of aterials for ric anufacture and connection to other neary clay its he aal unnel as closed in after reeated roles ith collase thought to e associated ith ine oring to the north est of the site t one tie a forer ood ard encroached into the south estern corner of the site he canal continued to serve the Bricors ith its lin to the canal netor in Selly a eing aintained t is unclear hen the Bricors ceased its activities ut it as shon on historical aing as eing at least artly used y hat is thought to e a ocal uthority Salvage eartent in the late s By the s the canal had een acfilled and the there is evidence that infilling had started to tae lace elsehere on the site

he site as used as a landfill and as initially unlicensed he landfill activities ere licensed eteen and hen aterial iorted on site as suosed to e restricted to the deosition of tosoil and susoil

Beyond the site erieter industrial activity has included the ecavation of clay and sand its and iediately to the east of the site a yard area (non as Kiely’s Yard) as used as a salt store y est idlands ounty ouncil efore ecoing a council deot his yard area included land on the line of the forer canal rchive inforation indicates that to seers ere laid ithin the forer canal in Kiely’s yard running fro the roosed arina site t is highly liely that the seers ere also installed ithin the infilled canal on the arina site ut this ill require verification

eology as indicate that there should e suerficial deosits otentially consisting of a range of soil tyes and the edroc eneath ost of the site is n inferred fault line indicates 69

69 se e l e ese i e s es e e sie i e e l iiies ee e e is es se e l esis ill e ee ee ise

ee is liie ii i ies iesiis ee e sie i e ely s ese e s eee e ese e e l e e e e ee ly ese lill eil ee s ei s se lis ls ile esis s ili eils ise l ee e se e e ise sil ssil i ilsis s ili se is is liely ele e ii iiies ee e liesi e lill e esee s ili se i y e ie iies se ei e se issl iese e is ie es ee e lill e sie s i ee e i is liely ele e s iilli e eils ill e ee eieee ss eie y e lills ee ill ls e ieele se e lill

eles s e s e l sill ii e ies e sie iie se iilli s e i eiie e ssily ise l ei eee is is liely e eil s esie e e e i e is ese l sils le si ey ls s ee ee e

esi ee s e iesii e sie i e s s esie ssessi e lill s eie ese se i leels lill ses ee iie e e iille l eiee lel s ii s esl is ieele ie s islle e i lill e seies eili ees ee islle isie is ee lie s ei ls e i ls ssis s isesi ese ls e sill ese l se e ee ieie e e yes e e s eie is y e eese ei i e ii e eils esie ee l e le e ie sle e ee y ls e ee se s ies se e eli e lill

2. Main Factors affecting the site

e ii is e ili se esi is ee is eile e e es e le e yes is ille ies iii e e es

iii es e ese e s e sie ese e ee e e ese e eee i e i lill e e e iille l

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70 e ii is liie e eile ile e is ee es l e ese e s si ses y eessie eisi i e se lys e sie i ese ei se ele e yi e lill eilssile ee is eeee i ie e sees ei li ss e e e sie (known as Kiely’s Yard) to the immediate east of the site. The report states that these ee li i e e e e l ee e sie e se i sie ese l e e ie els e sele el e sie is ee y isil ees ssie i e e l is

3. Birmingham City Council Records

es ille ii iy il s ll e ese e e sie is lsse s lill eeee e is ie ese e eley sle ese es s i s se e issl lle se e iilli e le e liese eee liese e sie is ee e ee esi ese is e i ly ii s i el i ees s liesi iil ieei eeil s ee ee i ili e islli ieele eiee ies eess ei ls l si e se li e eiee ie e ees is ille ei y y e l lis es e leels ses ee e sie e ee y e l iy ei

4. GroundSure GeoInsight reports isi s ile i ei

Superficial Geology – e esi e ees is esis ei ese e sie ili ill ile ie ssel lyssils lilsie esis ly sil lilil esis s el eliy e i s esis ill e ie i is liely se ese eils ill e ee ee e ei e l s e i e sie

Solid Geology – e e e e s iy e sie is s s ei se e eee e e sie e e is e s e leley i se ilse se

5. Bore Holes ei e sil ese ies e e i ele isie iesii e i se ei eeie es e e eil ey si e s e sie e ee y ii lill ses ls ile sy e iis e ie ssesse eee e

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71

or oreholes were snk aross the northern part of the site as it was assmed that the reatest depth of made rond wold e present in that area. These reealed etween . and .m of made rond oerlyin natral soils. The made rond appeared to omprise of a “capping” described as containing topsoil, disturbed sands, gravel and clays, along with , ash and other ildin materials. eneath this the made rond had the appearane of partly deomposed refse with ash and ildin material and in some instanes was desried as ein odoros. It is noted that the thickness of “capping” encountered in the boreholes in the northern part of the site aried in thikness from . – .m. t is possile that the appin was not roht in as an enineered fill material and that the two types of made rond reflet different atiities when infillin the site efore and after liensin in . Three other oreholes were snk to the soth of the line of the former anal within the site ondary. Two of these oreholes were loated near the soth west orner of the site and showed etween .m and .m of made rond. The lo sheets for these oreholes differentiated etween the nearsrfae made rond (present to depths of ..m) and the nderlyin fill materials. aterials near srfae omprised of topsoil with ash and rik and the fill materials eneath were desried as lay with ash and rik. orehole in the soth east orner of the site showed definite made rond omprisin topsoil with rael ash and rik to a depth of .m and possily distred silty lays and raels to a depth of .m. n all three oreholes the nderlyin natral strata was a ariale mitre of lays silts sands and raels.

The asene of domesti refse in oreholes to the soth of the former anal sests that it is possile that all of the made rond at these loations was imported on to site arond the same time as the “capping” to the north of the former canal (i.e. potentially after 1977).

s part of the inestiation a series of oreholes were loated to the immediate soth of the tonehose rook. ne orehole showed m of made rond and its position orresponded to the infilled pond shown on old maps. nother orehole frther to the east showed .m of definite made rond t there is no featre shown on old maps that wold aont for this depth of infillin. ther oreholes in this series showed mh less made rond.

s part of the inestiation a orehole was loated on ..... site on the opposite side of arnes ill. This onfirmed the presene of deep made rond that was assoiated with the former rik and Tile works in that area.

opies of the orehole lo sheets and their loation plans from the oriinal reports are inlded in ppendi .

6. Methane Gas Ventilation System

The oal thority ommissioned a passie landfill as entilation system on the stdy site

72

72 based on the findings of the 1991 ground investigation. vailable records of this are very limited but the ocal uthority has supplied a plan dated 1991 that shows a proposed system of trenches on the site connected to a series of ventilation columns. copy of this plan is included in ppendi to this report. lthough there are no available records of monitoring for ground gases post remediation it is understood that no further remedial works have been carried out apart from the periodic replacement of vandalised venting columns, which is indicative of the effectiveness of the scheme.

s it has been 7 years since this investigation it is possible that biodegradation of organic matter in the landfill on the site has decreased. slower rate of gas generation may still be occurring and there is the possibility of residual gases being trapped with the made ground. he ventilation system around the site would have helped remove methane but gases that are heavier than air (such as carbon dioide) may have accumulated. his is a common finding when investigating old landfills.

ther infilled areas beyond the site boundary are potential sources of ground gases, but methane levels may have decreased in time and the impermeable barrier that has been constructed around the perimeter of the site for the control on landfill gases that were being generated insitu, would prevent lateral migration onto the site.

7. Summary of conclusions and recommendations are made.

It is likely that the made ground would be classed as having a poor strengthstate of compaction and may have become partially voided over the years due to decomposition of organic material within the landfill and the possible washout of fines. remediation specialist would also have to be engaged to address foundation and civil engineering issues, including providing information to assist the feasibility process. If not done so already, it will be necessary to engage the services of a specialist company eperienced with construction of marina and waterways on difficult ground in order to look at potential design solutions on which outline costs could be obtained.

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Appendix 1 Groundsure Historic Maps

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77

78

78 Appendix 2 Bore Hole Data from 1991 showing location

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79 Example of Bore Hole Data Sheets from 1991

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84

84

85

85

86

86

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89 Appendix 3 Groundsure Railways and Tunnels Map – no date

Appendix 4 Methane Trenches from 1991

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90 repared by enny mith of oss aylor oung

nder the provisions of the lanning and ompulsory urchase ct and own and ountry lanning ct 199, any development taking place within the must comply with the roposals and olicies of the statutory land use planning system. he aim of the land use planning system, as defined in national policy guidance, is to achieve sustainable development by guiding, and where necessary controlling, development that takes place so as to ensure present needs are accommodated without eopardising those of future generations.

s restoration of the udley o anal will reuire a significant amount of development to take place, which may include changes of use along its length, proposals must comply with the regulatory planning framework for the area, this case the ational lanning olicy ramework for ngland (1) and the irmingham evelopment lan 1 (adopted 17).

his section provides a review of the planning policy framework that will be used to guide development decisions along the proposed area of restoration. brief review of national planning policy (with which all policy must comply) is followed by analysis of the current statutory local planning framework for irmingham namely the irmingham evelopment lan 1 and saved policies from chapter eight of the nitary development lan .

The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) sets out the Government’s planning policies for ngland and how these are epected to be applied when producing local plans and supporting documents and when making decisions regarding land use and development.

he document clearly states that the overall purpose of the planning system is to achieve sustainable development, namely balancing the needs of the economy with those of society and the natural environment. number of core planning principles are identified, those which are of relevance to this this proect include

 promoting mied use developments, encouraging multiple benefits from the use of land whilst recognising some open land can perform many functions (including for wildlife and recreation)  conserving heritage assets in a manner appropriate to their significance so that they can be enoyed and add to the uality of life for this and future generations  supporting local strategies to improve health, social and cultural wellbeing for all

91

91  Proactively riving an supporting sustainale economic evelopment  seeking high uality esign an a goo stanar of amenity  accounting for the ifferent roles an character of areas an promoting uran vitality an  conserving an enhancing the natural environment

estoration of the apal anal presents the opportunity to eliver a numer of these core planning policy principles suect to proposals not resulting in any averse risk of flooing an meeting high uality stanars of esign Proposals shoul also provie access to all memers of the community incluing y sustainale moes of transport nee the ocument notes that access to high uality open spaces can make an important contriution to the health an welleing of communities as such ocal uthorities shoul seek opportunities to provie etter facilities y enhancing rights of way an linking eisting networks

ith regars to tourism an leisure facilities the NPPF suggests tourism facilities shoul e locate within town centres wherever possile nee paragraph notes “Planning policies shoul aim for a alance of lan uses within their area so that people can e encourage to minimise ourney lengths for employment shopping leisure eucation an other activities.” estoration of the canal coul offer leisure facilities to complement regeneration an mie use evelopment alreay taking place at attery Park

The ocument also suggests the planning system shoul contriute to an enhance the environment y proviing net gains in ioiversity where possile an that ocal Planning uthorities shoul recognise that heritage assets are an irreplaceale resource an so positively plan for the conservation an enoyment of the historic environment This coul inclue putting them to viale uses consistent with conservation something which can assist in creating sustainale communities

t can e conclue that restoration of the apal canal woul help fulfil a many of the oectives ientifie in the NPPF y improving the local environment y proviing a community resource that coul help encourage more healthy lifestyles an offers enefits for willife an ioiversity restore canal woul complement regeneration an evelopment taking place to the east at attery Park an may help to attract further investment in the local area

–

The overall vison for the irmingham evelopment Plan (P) as set out in chapter is that y “Birmingham will be renowned as an enterprising, innovative and green City that has delivered sstainable growth meeting the needs o its poplation and strengthening its global competitiveness.” pp

leven oectives are ientifie to enale elivery of the vision Those which are of relevance to this proect can e summarise as 92

92

 evel iinga as a it sstainale neigs it lcall istinctive caacte  ceate a ses sccessl an enteising ecn it eneits elt all  vie ig alit cnnectins tgt te it an it te laces incling encaging te incease se lic tanst aling an ccling  ceate a e sstainale it tat iniises its can tint an tes niel egeneatin  encage ette ealt an elleing tg te visin ne an eisting eceatin st an leise acilities line t g alit lic en sace  tect an enance te City’s eitage assets an istic envinent  cnseve an enance Birmingham’s natal envinents alling iivesit an illie t lis an  ense tat te it as te inastcte in lace t st its te gt an seit.

et accaning tese ectives ntes tat ne evelent ill nee t e ilt t te igest sstainailit stanas eling t geneate ie eneits in tes te alit te envinent an can ectin. ll te evelent ill nee t e ste sitale scial an geen inastcte an set itin envinents tat elect te caacte an ist te it an ae accessile t all ees te cnit. “he canal networ will contine to be promoted as a vital asset or the City, spporting movement, environmental and biodiversity ality and as the setting or development. he historic environment will be central to shaping the City’s tre. eritage assets will be valed and conserved as part o the delivery o distinctive places. ally, biodiversity and geodiversity will be critical components in delivering a high ality o life.” P..

Planning gt is aesse in cate ic ientiies ig levels sing an ecnic gt acss te cit an en.

Plic P Place aing states tat all ne evelent ill e eecte t enstate ig alit esign ic ill cntite t a stng sense lace. e evelent sl in sa eince ceate a sitive sense lace an lcal istinctiveness ic esns t lcal eitage site cnitins e innvative ceate sae envinents tat esign t cie an ae visin ele it isailities vie attactive envinents tat encage ele t ve an ccling an aling an ae sstainale esign integal t evelent sc as geen inastcte sstainale ainage an eneg geneating eates.

ea seciic lic an stateg is cntaine in cate ‘Spatial elive Growth’. e lan ientiies eigt e aeas acss te cit ic ill ae a signiicant cntitin t eliveing levels gt incling ‘Selly a an t Edgbaston’. is aea is ientiie as a a

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93 regeneration and inestment opportnity whih inldes growth o the istrit Centre new homes and a new lie sienes amps as identiied within oliy G. his area will see signiiant inestment in maor strategi sites to maimise the potential o the niersity and ospitals promote eonomi diersiiation and to sere signiiant spin o beneits rom new deelopment. n partilar the area will proide the os or the lstering o atiities assoiated with medial tehnology in the ie Sienes setor inlding a new ha ie Sienes Camps on the northern end o the Birmingham Battery site. Sh deelopment will be spported by improements in aess or pbli transport waling and yling and improements to the natral enironment “including int t t un cid t ncuag aitat cnnctiity tn dgat ally and Cannn ill a and cltin y issing lins in t City’s ina n ac alay nt and ints t t canal nt including assistanc t statin t aal Canal”. pp.. estoration o the apal anal wold omplement wider enironmental improements and possibly proide the opportnity to reate a rereational ‘loop’ tilising a restored anal and improed rote along the Borne Broo.

he ormer anal orridor is identiied as linear open spae on the BDP’s proposal map. lthogh there are no speii poliies relating to this alloation open spae is addressed in oliy whih sets standards or open spae proision and notes that deeloper ontribtions old be soght to address demand arising rom new deelopment. he emphasis will be on good ality sae and aessible pbli open spae that people want to se. here shold be well maintained paths hard and sot landsape elements bins seats and other appropriate site rnitre and the needs o people with disabilities shold be taen into aont.

ther poliy alloations that lie in lose proimity to the anal orridor are as ollows

he eastern end o the anal rns throgh Battery etail ar an area alloated or mied se deelopment that lies within a ‘growth area’ as addressed on oliy G aboe. lthogh there are no speii poliies relating to mied se deelopment oliy he networ and hierarhy o entres identiies Selly a as a os or signiiant growth with a reirement or sm o omparison retail loor spae and sm o oie loor spae. estoration o the anal old help proide an attratie leisre aility to omplement growth in this area.

n ery lose proimity to this end o the anal lies Selly a rain station and assoiated ar and ride ailities whih are lined to strategi yle rote that rns north east into the ity. oliy sstainable transport networ spports the deelopment o a high ality integrated sstainable transport system with a hoie o modes inlding the deelopment o pbli transport yling and waling networs. rther to this oliy – aling promotes the proision o sae and pleasant waling enironments throghot Birmingham whilst oliy – Cyling states that yling will be enoraged throgh a omprehensie itywide programme o yling inrastrtre improements both rotes and trip end ailities inlding “further 94

94 eelopet a ehaeet of a etese offroa etwor of aal towpaths a gree routes”pp.125. Proso of a well atae towpath as part of a restore aal le to estg etwors woul opleet the as of all of these poles partular the t we ato to proote lg as a eas of trasport aross the t

th Batter Par a to rug parallel to the orth of the aal s aother lear ope spae Boure Broo the le of whh s a ste of loal portae for ature oserato whh traels west to eet oogate alle outr Par a loal ature resere whh s a ste of portae for ature oserato Pol P Boerst a eoerst supports a prootes the ateae ehaeet a restorato of stes of atoal a loal portae for oerst a geolog a strogl ressts a eelopet that woul retl or retl ause har to suh stes urtherore the pol otes “lnt sals ic a lily t act any dsignatd sit itant aitat scis glgical atu ust sutd y aduat inatin t nsu tat t lily iact t sal can ully assssd. intgity ildli cids and ‘stepping stones’ cnncting t ill tctd dlnt ic uld a ti function….All dlnt suld lant sut t nancnt Birmingham’s natual ninnt aing gad t statgic ctis t aintnanc statin and catin clgical and glgical assts suc as ts idntiid t iinga and lac Cunty atu nt Area” . estorato of the aal proes a eellet opportut to eler eologal ehaeets a proe a complementary ‘green corridor’, linked to existing wildlife stes

he themes of reducing the City’s carbon footprt whh hae releae to ths proet are  Pol P aptg to late hage whh etfe easures to help aage the pats of late hage lug aagg loo s a prootg sustaale raage sstes Pol P prootg a ehag a gree frastruture etwor the t Pol P Protetg the atural eroet a prootg a ehag oerst a eosstes Pol P a “ alical aintain and nanc t lu nt t lct t nits tat canals and is ing t uan cooling”  Pol P – ustaale ostruto whh prootes the use of sustaale ostruto ethos to ase eerg effe a the use of low aro eerg osere water a reue floo rs a se waste a ase relg urg ostruto a operato Deelopet shoul also oser the tpe a soure of the aterals use a  th regars to ehaeet of water resoures ths pol goes o to state “As ll as iding at and dainag t City’s is stas canals las and nds a an itant anity and a als alual as ildli aitats. tunitis t incas t ildli anity and sting alu natual at atus and canals ill als ncuagd idd tat t is n ads iact un at uality ld is t uality t natual ninnt. sals suld dnstat clianc it t

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95  umer ier Basin anagement lan eploring opportunities to help meet the ater rameor Directive’s targets” pp.5.  olicy reen infrastructure network which seeks to protect, enhance and expand the City’s green infrastructure network something which planting along the route of canal could help to achiee.  olicy 12 istoric enironment states that the historic enironment will be alued, protected, enhanced and managed for its contribution to character, local distinctieness and sustainability. reat weight will be gien to the conseration of the City’s heritage assets, opportunities for information gain through inestigations as part of proposed deelopment will be maximised and innoatie design which retains the significance of the heritage assets and is integrated with the historic enironment will be encouraged. f particular note the policy states “The historic importance of canals is acnolege an important groups of canal uilings an features ill e protecte especially here they are liste or in a Conseration Area. here appropriate the enhancement of canals an their settings ill e secure through eelopment proposals.”pp.. –

he irmingham eelopment lan replaced almost all policies in the nitary eelopment lan 25 with the exception of policies contained chapter and paragraphs .1 to .1 of the 25 plan. hese ‘saved’ policies will continue to be in force until the adoption of the council’s proposed eelopment anagement ocument. aed policies from the 25 chiefly relate to the design of deelopment, specific uses deelopment control, planning obligations, supplementary planning documents and enforcement.

he recognises the role of good design in the continued improement of irmingham as a desirable place to lie, work and isit. aragraph .1 sets out a series of good design principles that deelopment should follow, including the nature and uality of the public domain, the relationship of one part of the City to other parts, and patterns of moement and actiity. hen submitting planning applications, deelopers will be expected to demonstrate they hae considered these principles in a written statement, supported by plans, eleations and drawings or photographs, which show the site and the proposed deelopment in relation to the surrounding buildings and uses.

pplications for new deelopment will be assessed against a series of design principles. hose which are releant to this proect include the impact that the proposed deelopment would hae on the local character of an area permeability and ease of moement legibility and safety of enironments retention of mature trees and appropriate landscaping. eelopment should also hae regards to guidelines set out in key upplementary lanning uidance ocuments

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96 docuents includin “Places o All,” “Places o Living,” te iina atue Consevation tatey and te Canalside eveloent esin uidelines

olicies saved in cate dditional City ide olicies addess seciic issues ic ae not dealt it in evious cates o te and ic euie detailed develoent contol uidance ose ic ae oty o note ae as ollos

olicy C ouseoat esidential ooins sees to encouae ne ousin develoents alon canal ontaes in te City Cente notin tat ouseoat ooins can contiute toads te attactiveness o canal ontaes ot in te City Cente and elseee on te canal neto e ouseoat ooins olicy contains detailed uidance on te issues and sould e ead in conunction it te olicies in te Canalside eveloent in iina esin uidelines

Consevation tatey o iina – “Regeneration tou Conservation” notes te oective to enance te oile o consevation in iina and notes tat the oservatio trateg revise i sees to raise the proile o coservatio i irigha a ietiies a series o polic oectives hich provie the oatio or this. The also sets ot etaile giace o liste iligs the “local list,” coservatio areas historic lascapes caals a archaeolog.

atue Consevation tatey o iina notes te ole o te atue Consevation tatey in uildin on te olicy contet set out in te ovidin oe detailed uidance on otectin and anain te natual envionent esouce e identiies te ain aitatsand eatues and sets out detailed olicies inciles and uidelines o natue consevation activity as ell as ovidin a statey o utue o

Canalside eveloent in iina esin uidelines notes te istoic iotance o te City’s canals and tei otential o touis eceation and leisue ic is also elected in te Consevation tatey n addition to tis te Canalside eveloent in iina esin uidelines dat is aied at develoes and desines and ill ovide detailed uan desin inciles to uide develoent adacent to canals ote this ocet caot loger e locate o the irigha it ocil esite so a have ee replace other policiesocets.

iina Canals ction lan – notes tat te iina Canals ction lan ill e a statey o utue envionental ioveents to te canal neto and ill identiy te ain inciles and ioities o action s aove tis docuent cannot lone e located on te iina City Council esite so ay ave een elaced y ote oliciesdocuents

iina City Council as ulised a ide aay o suleentay lannin docuents to suot olicies contained in te ese docuents do not ave statutoy status ut ovide eate levels o detail on seciic toics suc as ca ain o uan desin o seciic eoaic aeas o te city e ost elevant o tese docuents is oaly te ide elly a uleentay lannin 97

97 ocent ne ic eresses te vision or te ier elly a area, an sets ot olicies to gie eveloent an sort te nreceente levels o investent taing lace in tis art o te city

elly a an te aoining art o gaston is eeriencing aor, nreceente investent in strategic ealtcare, researc an ecational acilities, ringing aot transorational cange to tis nie area o iringa e area is set to ecoe one o Europe’s largest regeneration areas, it any eciting oortnities availale, not st in tese iels t to irove local coercial an resiential areas

e SPD’s covers an area ro ornroo Roa in te ast to arorne Roa in te est t ientiies ey eveloent sites, rooses olicies to gie eveloent an assist in te eterination o lanning alications, an rovies a raeor to sort coorinate action aongst eveloers, investors, te City Concil an its artner organisations elivery o ne inrastrctre an enanceent o eisting assets sc as canals an areas o ecological vales ill e iortant or iroving ality o lie or all

e P laces great easis on aiising te otential o te canals an eisting canal corriors A a accoanying te SPD’s vision stateent ientiies te line o te Laal canal as “Potential Canal Restoration Safeguarding”pp.7. Reinstateent o te ley o Laal canal an te lin to te orcester an iringa Canal across te iringa attery site is sorte e P ils on sc olicies noting tat all ne eveloent ill il ositively on assets lie te canal, trees, ecology ioiversity an te istoric environent roveents to te orcester an iringa Canal are ientiie incling a ne lic laa aacent to ristol Roa an toat iroveents it regars to natre conservation it is note tat iringa an te lac Contry is one o te irst ‘Nature roveent Areas’ A in nglan it a netor o illie corriors an ites o Local ortance or atre Conservation, incling te orn roo, te canal, railay, an a ner o green saces, te ey riorities are to rotect an enance te areas ric ioiversity, ic ill contrite to A oectives ere ossile an i ning allos, istoric aatic aitats sol e restore along it canal alays

e P notes tat tere is a reireent or ne oen sace an tat te ality o c o te areas oen sace nees iroving “The e ee h e ee he e he he e e e e ee he e e e e” it regars to te Laal canal it is note tat roosals or te eveloent o te iringa attery site sol secre te reinstateent o art o te orer ley o Laal Canal, or saegar a rote trog te site to enale te tre

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98 reinstateent of te anal. ndeed it regard to te iringa atter site te douent notes “Development ol te vnte o nle ettn t onte to mnm n oete nl n te eete pl nl o ee ote mn oppotnte o nle tvt e etnt”pp32.

ne proposals for te anal are furter deeloped and refined and en preparing a planning appliation for deelopent it ould e diligent to reie te priniples set out in te folloing douents

Aess for People it disailities SPD ar

reen iing Spaes Plan

Nature onseration Strateg for iringa ar 7

Plaes for all Noeer

egeneration troug onseration iringa onseration Strateg .

estoration of te Dudle No anal proides a signifiant nuer of opportunities to eet te oeties identified it te poli fraeor set te iringa Deelopent Plan.

e line of te anal sits adaent to an alloated area of inestent and regeneration and ould elp to proide enaned opportunities for aling and ling i are lined to puli transport. t ould opleent eisting areas designated for teir ildlife alue and proide anoter lin in te green infrastruture netor i ould also e used as a rereational route for isitors and residents. A restored anal ould offer te opportunit to address soe eof t loal allenges aused liate ange proiding a failit into i surfae ater runoff ould drain and i as a natural ooling effet on te loal enironent. inall a restored anal ould eet te Plan’s ais to restore eritage features soeting i ill e seured troug deelopent proposals ere appropriate. it all tis in ind it an e onluded tat te planning poli fraeor for restoration of te Dudle No anal is igl faourale espeiall at te loal planning autorit leel.

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107 –

ummar an Introuction iscussion an inificance acroun anals in irminham an its surrouns ule o anal anal an the eelopment of ell a eieal ost eieal rawins an pictures ist of oriinal contents an Illustrations

In an was commissione the apal anal rust to unertae assessments of two isuse an infille lenths of the ule o anal in irminham from alifornia in the west to ell a ar in the east he report was commissione to inform proposals for the restoration of this lenth of the canal followin its oriinal route

he report escries the canal section in ell a ar ere some of the umpe material within the canal has een remoe an the ric walls of the former arorne harf hae een restore his lenth of the canal inclues a ric footrie he report escries the canal section etween the western en of ell a ar an alifornia a istance of m his lenth of the canal has een infille ost comprises a footpath althouh the canal also crosses a ouncil epot an an open rasse area his part of the canal aoins eole astle a fortifie meieal anor ouse which is a cheule ncient onument an also crosses the tonehouse roo o the west of this section lies the infille apal unnel

onstruction of the canal was authorise an ct ate he selecte route was leel etween the ule anal at etherton in the west an the orcester an irminham anal at ell a irminham in the east a istance of nearl eleen miles It inclue the ar lon apal unnel uttin of the canal ean in an was complete in he canal line the mineralrich lac ountr with irminham he apal unnel was finall close in after susience althouh the eastern en of the canal from alifornia to ell a the suect of this assessment continue in use until the s

he western part of this route eelope as a centre for cla uarrin an the manufacture of ric an tile in the later th centur to tae aantae of the local raw materials incluin coal an the canal to transport the finishe proucts he remainer of this part of the canal remaine rural in character espite the eelopment of a rowin suur an inustrial comple at ell a at the unction of the orcester an irminham anal the ule o anal an the irminham an est uuran ailwa which incorporate a station an oos ar at ell a ithin ell a ar the canal inclue arorne harf which adjoined a boat building yard (Monk’s harf

ollowin the proceure estalishe for the restoration of the canal at arorne harf in ell 108 108 ak ark the ai o restoration should be to retain the original canal lining and other historic eatures where ossible to iniise disturbance to the suriing abric o the canal and the cost o restoration nterretation anels should be roided to illustrate the iortance o this canal or the deeloent o elly ak as an iortant industrial centre in the th century

Before the network of canals were built Birmingham’s inland position at a distance from naigable waterways ut it at a disadantage with other large anuacturing centres (adield anals roided a chea eans o transort or raw aterials chiely coal liestone and iron within the local area and also connected its actories with wider arkets in the surrounding regions iringha was at the centre o the national canal network

he ain urose o the udley o anal was to gie coal ro the udley and Stourbridge areas access to wider markets. The opening of the Stratford Canal’s junction with the iringha and orcester anal initiated a urther route towards ord and ondon ther arkets or coal were oenedu when the orcester and iringha anal was coleted to the ier eern in and the tratord anal was oened to the er on in id ro its oening in the udley anal oany were only able to ay a diidend ro onwards he udley o anal was built in coetition with the iringha anal which linked the coalields o south taordshire with iringha and also with ristol ierool and ull reight along the iringha anal was delayed by the nuerous locks along that route n contrast the udley o anal had no locks although boats were delayed assing through the aal unnel

anals layed a key role in the deeloent o elly ak as an industrial centre hey roide an important reminder of the area’s industrial past. In particular, the junction of the two canals and the turnike road (now the odern ored a counication hub uniue in the iringha at the tie which stiulated the growth o trade and industry he canal side whares allowed raw aterials arriing by canal to be taken to their inal destination by road

eore canals were built, Birmingham’s inland position at a distance from navigable waterways ut it at a disadantage coared with ost other large anuacturing centres (adield he roads were oten in oor condition and oercrowded with traic he irst ajor canal was the iringha anal or which an ct was obtained in his was the ost iortant canal or coerce and industry and ored the basis o the deeloent o the iringha anal aigations which corised the core o the idland canal syste in the th century

ollowing the authorisation o the taordshire and orcestershire anal in which linked the ier eern with the rent and Mersey anal a subscrition was launched in to build a canal ro iringha to olerhaton linking with the taordshire and orcestershire at ldersley (taordshire he act was obtained in ebruary (adield and the canal was inally coleted in he beneits o this canal were twoold not only bringing coal ore chealy to iringha ro the south taordshire coalields but it also linked iringha with ristol ierool and ull ( 1964, 33). Canal building significantly improved Birmingham’s communications with other 109 109 parts of the country

new trade route between Birmingham and the iver Severn was openedup when the udley Canal Company built a new , authorised in 1 from Black elph, to the northeast of Stourbridge through the udley Tunnel to reen Staffordshire) to link with the Birmingham Canal. The udley Canal was also connected with the and the Staffordshire and orcestershire Canal. Before this canal was completed the orcester and Birmingham Canal was authorised, providing a further link to the iver Severn.

In 194 the udley Canal Company began a new cut, the udley o. apal) Canal linking its own canal with the orcester and Birmingham Canal at Selly ak. This resulted from an agreement between the orcester and Birmingham and the udley to etend the udley Canal to the orcester and Birmingham Canal, to give coal from the udley and Stourbridge areas a market down the orcester and Birmingham to the iver Severn, and also via the proposed Stratforduponvon Canal and the ingswood branch to the proposed arwick Canal towards ondon and ford adfield 1969, 3).

The arwick and Birmingham Canal joined the Birmingham and aeley Canal at igbeth and provided on its opening in 199 a more direct route from Birmingham to ondon, particularly after the opening of the rand unction Canal in 1. The Stratfordonvon Canal was completed as far as ockley eath in 196, joining with the orcester and Birmingham at King’s Norton (VCH 1964, 34).

ollowing the opening of the orcester and Birmingham the network of canals in Birmingham was largely complete. ater developments included the opening of the Birmingham and iverpool unction Canal which provided a shorter route to the iver ersey, the Birmingham and arwick unction Canal, linking to the arwick and Birmingham Canal, the Birmingham and aeley Canal, and the opening of the etherton Tunnel to shorten the route to the Stour valley. By the middle of the 19th century the Birmingham Canal avigations had become the hub of the national canal network.

By 146 the canal network in and around Birmingham had become vested in a single company, the Birmingham Canal avigations, as a result of mergers in 14, 14 and finally the merger with the udley Canal Company in 146 ., 3).

Tonnage carried by Birmingham Canal avigations rose to million in 19, before falling to million in 19. These totals were far higher than any other canal company operating in the same period. In the early part of the th century the Birmingham canals formed 3.1 of the total national mileage of navigable waterways, but carried over 19 of the total tonnage of goods. The Birmingham area was notable for the sie of the short haul traffic between mills and works adfield 1969, ), which was not suitable for the railways. any collieries had no rail access, and adjoined canals making canal boats suitable for the short journeys between works and railway interchange basins .).

In the early th century the Birmingham canals declined in importance, although not as swiftly as others. The Birmingham canals continued to be used for collection and delivery between factories and railways.

Shortly after completing the udley Tunnel, the udley Canal shareholders decided on a further expansion. Influenced by ‘’, a meeting in Birmingham under the 110 110 chairmanship of Isaac pooner on 31st ugust 19 as held to promote a ne canal from Birmingham to the Netherton collieries (Hadfield 1969, 16). t a meeting of the canal committee on the following day it was decided that ‘an extension of the present to the on of Birmingham and the orcester Canal ill be highly adantageous to the Interests of this Company and it is proper to be carried into execution’.

olloing contact ith the solicitor to the orcester and Birmingham Canal it as agreed that the udley Canal Company ould tae responsibility for constructing the extension. he line as sureyed by ohn nape (ones 14, fig. 4) and an ct as obtained in 193.

he selected route as leel from the udley Canal at Netherton in the est, through Halesoen and apal, to the orcester and Birmingham Canal at elly a in the east (Hadfield 1969, 1). he ne route as nearly eleen miles long, including the 3,9 yard long apal unnel, the fourth longest tunnel in ngland he bill for the udley No. Canal as strongly opposed by the Birmingham Canal Company, the taffordshire and orcestershire Canal and theiron and other manufacturers of olerhampton ho did not ish the cheap coal they enoyed to find a broader maret.

he sureyors setting out the line ere instructed to aoid all deep cuttings and substantial embanments, probably because of fear of subsidence. Cutting of the canal began in 194 and by 28 May 1798 the new canal was reported to be ‘completely open’. he canal as not immediately profitable. he opening of the tratford Canal’s junction with the aric and Birmingham in 1 proided a route for coal toards ondon. urther marets for coal ere found on the completion of the orcester and Birmingham Canal in 11, and the tratford Canal as opened to the upper on in 116 (., 19). diidend as first paid in 14. iidends did not rise aboe until 119, and then rose to 4 in 16, and then fluctuated beteen and up to 146 hen the company ceased to be independent.

he apal unnel as a source of problems, mainly arising from subsidence due to nearby , and the long time taen for boats to pass through the tunnel (up to four hours). In 141 a steam pumping engine as placed near the mouth of the tunnel, hich, in combination ith stop locs at each end of the tunnel created current to help boats through (., 11). he apal unnel as finally closed after subsidence in une 191 hen it as decided that tunnel repairs ould be uneconomic. he eastern end of the canal, including the canal from California to elly a continued in use until the 193s to sere the California bricors.

here are no boat building yards listed in trade directories along the apal Canal, or elsehere in Birmingham from 13 to 139. he earliest entry relating to a boat building yard along the udley No. Canal is dated 14, hen illiam on enior is a described as a boat builder and coal merchant in Selly Oak, trading from Monk’s Wharf, adjoining Harborne Lane. He is recorded as a boat builder until 1. coal dealer, illiam on, presumably his son, is recorded in directories dating from 1 to 19. he business became non as on Bros from 19 to 196, trading from elly a harf, along the udley No. Canal and at 193 High t (no oad), elly a. he coal dealing business could hae succeeded the boat building yard.

ther members of the on family are listed as trading in the area. dard on as listed as a pleasure boat proprietor and eeper of Harborne eseroir in 191. an and coach builder, ohn on is listed from 191 to 193, trading from premises at 4 Harborne ane. firm of pleasure boat hirers, on are listed in 194 and 1949, trading from premises in Harborne ane. he on family as associated ith boat building and pleasure boat hire in elly a for oer a century, although this actiity may not hae been continuous.

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Canals played a central role in the deelopment of Selly Oak as an industrial and residential area.

he completion of the Dudley o. 2 Canal proided a major impetus to the growth of Selly Oak when it was completed to connect with the Worcester–irmingham Canal in 1798 oad 2, 98. he canal linked the mineralrich lack Country with irmingham, allowing through traffic which could bypass locks. he junction of the two canals and an adjoining turnpike road formed a communication hub uniue at its time in the irmingham area, which stimulated the growth of trade and industry oad 2, 98. he canal side whares allowed raw materials brought in by canal to be taken to their final destination by road. Three excavated lime kilns formed part of a ‘battery’ of fie kilns, built at the beginning of the 19th century, and in use until at least the middle of the 19th century, when a major rebuild took place oad 2, 98. xpansion of this industry was a result of the demand for new housing in the Selly Oak area both factories and houses would hae reuired lime mortar for their construction.

ccording to oad 2, 98 the Selly Oak area remained agricultural in character focused around a small illage until the changes brought by the construction of the Worcester and irmingham and Dudley o. 2 Canals. he Worcester and irmingham Canal was finally completed in 1772. he opening of the Dudley o. 2 Canal to connect with the Worcester and irmingham Canal in 1798 proided the catalyst for the deelopment of Selly Oak. he canal was built to limit the problems of high tolls along the first Dudley Canal, which joined the irmingham Canal at ipton. his was subject to high tolls at the ipton junction oad 2, 98). The No. 2 provided a ‘bypass’, linking the mineral rich with irmingham and beyond. his canal was also designed for speed, since there were no locks along its route. Canals allowed raw materials such as coal and limestone to be transported for use in agriculture or industry oad 2, 98. series whares, basins and docks were clustered around this canal junction. rom the lime kilns the lime could hae been transported into the city by canal or by road.

he large amount of traffic along the canals proided the impetus for the establishment of a number of businesses adjoining the junction, which initially comprised coal merchants in addition to the lime kilns. he 18 tithe map see below illustrates two lime whares, one at the former Goodman’s Yard site excavated in 2004 (Goad 2005), and the kilns owned by William Summerfield located on the southern side of the Dudley o. 2 Canal. he establishment of these industries and the later industrial growth in the area created a demand for housing for the workers. he new industrial buildings and new dwelling houses alike would hae reuired lime mortar for their construction. roduction of lime mortar in large uantities became more common as a result of the Industrial eolution. Mortar, with a lime base and with arying amounts of sand was a traditional means of bonding brickwork and masonry. he scale of the demand for mortar in the 18th and 19th centuries reuired the construction of large kiln complexes, such as the excaated example at Selly Oak which was capable of processing large uantities of raw materials into uicklime. armland also reuired the application of lime to negate natural soil acidity.

rom the early 19th century a wider range of uses for lime were deeloped. lthough initially used for agriculture, it became important for many industrial processes. It was used in place of limestone as a flux in blast furnaces, and in the manufacture of cooling drinks, in dyeing and printing. ohn and dward Sturge founded a chemical manufacturing factory in Selly Oak in 18. he brothers manufactured citric acid crystals there until 18. Lime was also used as an important part of the purification process of the gas industry. The city’s first gas works was located at the terminus of the Worcester and irmingham Canal in as Street, opened in 1818. Leather tanning also reuired lime during the early stages. y the early 19th century the

112 112 medieval–early post medieval tanneries in central Birmingham had largely disappeared, but more outlying tanneries, including the ak Tree Tannery in elly ak were recorded. The tannery was located between the udley No. 2 Canal and arborne ane.

ome of the ictorian shops along the Bristol oad frontage have been retained. ost if not all industrial premises have moved away from elly ak, which is now dominated by student accommodation. The character of elly ak has been transformed, and its historic function as an industrial centre has been lost.

eoley Castle () is a fortified anor ouse occupied from the 2th to the th century. t was built by the omery family of udley Castle. t was constructed in sandstone with six towers and a deep moat. xcavations have identified timber buildings dating 50– 20 forming the earliest phase of the site. The structures included a stone great hall, timber kitchen and timber corridor. our further phases of activity were recorded from 20 to 00, following construction of the moat and deposition of the platform, including a stone curtain wall, six towers and stone buildings with tiled roofs. The remains of a timber bridge have been found by excavation on the east side of the moat. The finds include a surprising amount of imported pottery – from yria, Byantium, pain and olland. survey of 424 (ymons 985, 50) describes a great hall, kitchen, pantry, buttery, chapel and vestry, bakehouse and brewhouse. n addition, there was a garden to the west of the great hall. ichard ervoise, a ondon merchant bought the manor in 5 from dward utton, ord udley.

s described in the survey of 424, the outer court (ymons 985) comprised a gatehouse, barn, stables, laundry, and a dairy. The survey also mentions a watermill, garden and park, which are unlocated. Use of the phase ‘Outer Court’ implies that these buildings were located outside the moat. ymons suggests these buildings were located to the west of the moat, in which case the canal may have cut through the northern boundary of the outer court (., 5). Blockley who compiled a Conservation anagement lan of the site in 200 suggested that the outer court lay to the northwest of the moat, around tonehouse arm because such outer courts typically comprised a nclosely spaced cluster of buildings, the farm structure is made from the same stone as eoley Castle and the tall narrow form of the west wing is suggestive of late medieval gatehouse structures.

arborne ill ( ), which may have originated in the th century was located adoining the Bourne Brook. n the 8th century it was the property of a gunsmith, and it operated as a boring mill until 89. fter a short period of use as a wire mill it was used for corn grinding in the 80s. n 8 the mill was used for the manufacture of steel pins. The premises were formerly incorporated within a dairy, but were later used as the premises of a tyre fitting and exhaust business. ecently the building had a fire, but was rebuilt with a new roof, and is now occupied as offices. art of the former brick mill remains standing, and the wheelpit and pool dam can still be traced.

group of approximately five lime kilns ( ) are mapped to the south of the udley No. 2 Canal in a lime wharf (to the east of the present arborne ane) owned by illiam ummerfield on the 840 Northfield Tithe map (see below).

total of five lime kilns ( ) were mapped in 828 in a basin at the unction of the orcester and Birmingham and the udley No. 2 canals. Three were excavated in 200 (Goad 2005). The three excavated kilns were horseshoe shaped intermittent flare kilns, 113 113 probabl oriinall with a bottleshaped or domed top. wo of the ilns were of two phases. he later ilns were associated with a retainin wall adoinin the which probabl supported a charin ramp. aedout iln material had been deposited outside the kilns, raising the ground level. The ‘grouped’ arrangement of lime kilns could suggest that production of lime ma hae been continuous with alternate cleaninout and firin of the ilns in order to maintain continuous production oad . he ilns went out of use b when a railwa iaduct was cut across them.

he ecaated lime ilns were used for the production of lime used in the buildin trade and ariculture. he ilns were located on the east ban of the canal between a doc and a basin to tae adantae of the unction between the two canals. ime could hae been transported into the cit or into the countr. t was used in a ariet of industrial processes includin blast furnaces oad the manufacture of coolin drins dein processes and printin and was also used in the purification of as . as well as in the earl staes of tannin to loosen animal hair and outer tissues.

he ilns were constructed as a result of the cuttin of the udle o. Canal which facilitated the importation of the raw materials. t would hae been cheaper to produce lime locall than to transport processed lime from a more distant source. rior to the completion of the udle o. Canal lime would hae been transported alon the orcester and irminham Canal or b turnpie road which was subect to tolls increasin the costs of the raw material oad .

he construction of canals reuired a source of labour. n the tithe map a field adoinin the canal is named ‘barrack piece’, the word in this context signifying accommodation for the canal navvies oad .

pair of late th centur houses adoinin ristol oad are arraned smmetricall to the left and riht of a small par. ach house is of two stores and is shaped in plan. he buildins are listed rade .

ell Oa lectricit ubtation is a bric and terracotta buildin in a othic stle associated with Chamberlain. t adoins ristol oad from which it appears as a er tall ersion of a two storeed rench othic oal Chapel. t has a steepl hipped tiled roof with terracotta floral braceted ees cornice and terracotta finials. t is listed rade .

ell Oa nstitute formerl in use as an dult ducation Centre is a late th centur moc timberframed buildin of three stores. t is listed rade .

tonehouse arm located to the northwest of eole Castle is a two store buildin in red sandstone with a red bric cross win of earl th centur date and double abled bricrendered south eleation. t is suested to lie within the outer court of eole Castle mentioned in a sure dated . he oriinal tonehouse arm comprises si buildins which appear to correspond with the si buildins mentioned in the sure. he tone ouse is built of the same stone material as eole Castle itself the tall narrow win of the west win is suestie of medieal atehouse structures and the site straddles a historic road unction close to the historic access to eole Castle. t is of mid th centur or earlier oriin.

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114

ite

ames heriff map, see hapter , ig. .

This map shows in outline the proposed line of the canal from elly ak in the east to etherton in the west. number of proposed branch lines towards its western terminus are also shown. The adoining canals, comprising the orcester and irmingham, the irmingham, and the tourbridge and udley are also mapped.

John Snape’s map, 1792 (Fig. 3.8)

This map is probably the earliest surviving map of the then proposed canal route which shows some detail of the surrounding landscape. The ourne rook is mapped to the north of the canal. alford ill is mapped to the southwest of the canal and arborne ill to the northeast of the canal. ther 115 115 mappe eaes ine eoe ase an Sonehose Fam in he es o his engh o he ana an a oge in he eas. he ana s hogh a a ansape, iie ino iegashape ies. he mappe ose o he ana ies om he asi aignmen, hih ines a ope o oops (see Fig. 3.11, aon poin ).

ohie ihe map, 18 (Fig. 2.)

his is he eaies aaiae eaie map o he sie, shoing he i ana aignmen, he assoiae ses an aoining ie onaies. he moen aone ane an he moen pa a aoss he ana ae aso mappe. he an soning he ana is a mie o aae (ies 1282, 12) an pase (ies 122, 1267). Fields 1221 and 1223 are labelled ‘Meadow’. Field 1267 to the north of the canal is called ‘Brook Meadow’, after the Bourne Brook to the north, and is labelled ‘pasture with pits’, presumably eeing o pis g o a eaion. o he noh o aone ha is he gaen o homas o (ie 1278). o he noh o he ana he sohen pa o a eseoi is mappe, ogehe ih pa o he ose o he one oo. o he noheas o he eseoi a iing, aone i, is mappe aong he esen onage o aone ane. Fie 127 o he eas o aone Lane is named as ‘Holloway Piece’, the name Holloway referring to an ancient trackway.

an o pa o e ana, 188 (Fig. 2.)

his pan shos he oine o he ana, an some eais o he soning opogaph, ining aone ane, he aoining eseoi, an he eising aa ossing he ana ihin he pa. he an aoining he ana is annoae as eing one Joseph hipson sie. he Se a ha aoining he ana, ining o sma iings, is aso mappe 116 116

rdnance urey, First dition, 11 Fig. 2.12, original scale 12)

wo whares, a basin to the south of the canal, a brick yard and a tannery are mapped adoining the etreme eastern end of the canal outside the site), close to its unction with the orcester and Birmingham anal. his stretch of the canal includes two locks. o the south is a factory elly ak orks Metal)). n the eastern side of Bristol oad piecemeal deelopment has taken place along awlish oad, ierton oad and Hubert oad. elly ak tation and the adoining railway are also mapped.

ithin the site the rdnance urey map is similar to the 11 map Fig. 2.), although fewer details are shown by the rdnance urey.

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117

rdnance urey, hird dition, 116117 Fig. 2.1, original scale 12)

his mapping shows the canal ust before it was abandoned as a throughroute, with the collapse of the Lapal unnel in 117. t the eastern end of the site, adoining the orcester and Birmingham anal, the arrangement of whares and factories to the south of the canal is similar to that mapped in 1 Fig. 2.13), ecept that the elly ak Metal orks is now renamed the Battery Metal orks. o the north of the canal a new canal basin has been laid out, incorporating a number of buildings and tanks, although most of the land adoining this side of the canal remains undeeloped. ithin the site the arrangement of the canal and associated structures remains largely unchanged from 1904. Monk’s Wharf is now labelled as a wharf, and the building shown in the etreme southeastern corner of the wharf in 1 has now presumably been demolished. he arrangement of Harborne harf differs slightly from that shown in 1. he surrounding areas hae not been further deeloped, possibly because of the First orld ar

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118

obins, ma of the arish of orthfield, 1 ig. .14

his schematic ma shows the outline of the canal and the rincial roads. he outline of Weoley astle is also maed. his ma is notable as the first to show a brickworks comle on the north bank of the canal, adoining the eastern ortal of the aal unnel and an adoining uarry. arlier mas e.g. ig. .1 show two rectangular buildings in the location of this brickworks which could be a small brickworks. doining this ortal is the alifornia nn, which gae its name to the district. he ma shows the canal outline, together with the wharf and boatyard. he surrounding road network is also maed. n addition to the main ristol oad through route, a number of side streets hae been built to the west of this road, including rederick oad, hurch oad and Weoley ark oad. further road now ibbins oad to the south of arborne ane is also maed. o the east of ristol oad a number of streets, including awlish oad, ierton oad, ubert oad and eeley oad are shown. he line of a railway, closely following the route of the Worcester and irmingham anal, and a station at elly ak are also maed. Workhouse (labelled ‘Union Buildings’) is shown to the south of the railway line in the area of the former elly ak osital.

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120

udley anal fro Weoley astle Bridge to elly ak (igs –

his is robably the ost detailed suriing a of the anal and its assoiated strutures o the east of the site the etree eastern end of the anal is aed (to left of ig ) together with whares offies and assoiated industries inluding lie kilns and a tanning ole to the south of the anal his a details the layout of Monk’s Boat Dock (Fig. 2.10), adjoining Harborne Lane. It comprises an irregularlyshaed basin with a nuber of adoining buildings n the northeast of the wharf are three adoining buildings with other saller strutures further to the west single struture is reorded in the southeast of the dok with two further strutures in the southwest of the dok and a single building to the west of the basin

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121 122

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ndated 1 map, annotated up to 1

is map is based on te plan of 11 (Fig. 2.) but as been etensiely annotated to so details of indiidual parcels of land disposed of up to 1. Beteen te Harborne Lane Bridge and te canal bridge te canal bed and adjoining land, including the former Monk’s Boat Dock has been sold to Birmingam orporation te line of te canal to te est of te bridge as also transferred to te corporation. ter parcels of land adjoining te canal are son as transferred to oter purcasers, including te Birmingam Battery o

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B D

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arrison lan of tonehouse arm,

his lan is illustrated ith north running don the age, so the indiidual field names can be read t mas the eastern end of the canal adjoining the aal unnel ithin the estate of tonehouse arm he meandering alignment of the Bourne Brook is shon to the north of the canal The canal is cut through a rural landscape, further illustrated by the field names. The names ‘Big Mill Field’ and ‘Little Mill Field’ suggest the proximity of a mill medieal mill is recorded at eole astle , although its location is not knon number of areas described as meado are shon, used for asture and to the north of the canal is described as ‘Bog’, and the field ‘Silks Moors’ is crossed by a series of parallel ditches, for drainage, a common arrangement in ostmedieal water meadows. The fieldname ‘Cupid’s Parlour’ in the extreme east of the map is intriguing. The field name element ‘Parlour’ means a secluded lace ield , Fields named ‘Puppy’s Parlour’ (Barston, Warwickshire), Cupid’s Alley (Duggleby, ) and Cupid’s Bower (Stonsford, Dorset) are interpreted as a secluded lace suitable for courtshi ), and Cupid’s Parlour may be similarly interpreted.

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orthfield tithe map,

This is the earliest detailed map of the whole length of the canal the subect of this report. As illustrated by the maps of and the western part of the canal (C–) is cut in a series of straight sections, with changes of angle. To the east the line of the canal incorporates three loops (near B), presumably to keep the canal leel, and aoid the reuirement for one or more locks. The towpath is clearly mapped to the north of the canal. Two buildings are depicted adoining the eastern portal of the Lapal Tunnel

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Drawbridge west of Selly Oak Park, view: west Drawn record of drawbridge, 1928

Canal looking towards Somery Road bridge1961, view: west,Somery Road bridge, undated, view: southwest

Aerial view of Battery Park 1950’s, showing scale of Industrial development and the Dudley No 2 Canal

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DUDLEY NO. 2 CANAL SELLY OAK PARK–CALIFORNIA, BIRMINGHAM DESK- BASED ASSESSMENT 2018

Contents

PART 1: SUMMARY AND INTRODUCTION Smma ntotion Soes akgon

oation of Dle o anal setions within imingham oe ine of anal nea ottetot oa ossing, iew east

Deelopment of the st aea he site Disssion mpliations an poposals

haeologial eents in the st aea iste an loall liste ilings in st aea

imingham istoi nionment eo monment ata

2.1 tent of popose anal estoation within Sell ak ak opt tn n pl nl t 2.2 he st aea, eents an monments eoe opt mnm t onl 2.3 Detail of John Snape’s plan, 2.4 Sheiff plan, 2.5 othfiel tithe map, 2.6 lan of pat of Dle o anal, 2.7 loo, 2.8 aish of othfiel, 2.9 Dle anal fom eole astle ige to Sell ak, 2.10 Detail of map, showing Monk’s haf 2.11 nate th ent map ase, last annotation 2.12 nane Se, oiginal sale, ist ition, 2.13 nane Se, oiginal sale, Seon ition, 2.14 nane Se, oiginal sale, hi ition, 2.15 Sell ak–ale een, popose eletiit ales, 2.16 nane Se, oiginal sale, oth ition, 2.17 lan of Dle anal, s 2.18 nane Se, oiginal sale, 2.19 nane Se, oiginal sale, aone af fom new aone ane ige, iew west eial photogaph of anal in pak opt oole t onete etaining wall of aone haf, iew east

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128 D Detail of aone haf etaining wall iew nothwest aone haf etaining wall, iew notheast fom anal ige anal ige, east eleation, iew west anal ige, west eleation, iew sotheast etaining wall along isse towpath, west of anal ige, iew noth iew of moen path aoining oegown anal hollow, iew west J asten en of anal within Sell ak ak, iew east

– Deelopment of the st aea he site Disssion mpliations an poposals

imingham istoi nionment eo ata

3.1 Sell ak ak to lwol oa, moen ase map with ist ition nane Se map speimpose 3.2 lwol oa to eole astle, moen ase map with ist ition nane Se map speimpose 3.3 eole astle to easten en of apal nnel, moen ase map with ist ition nane Se map speimposehaeologial eent ata in st aea opt mnm t onl 3.4 haeologial monment ata in st aea opt mnm t onl 3.5 Stattoil liste ilings in st aea opt mnm t onl 3.6 oall liste iling within st aea opt mnm t onl 3.7 Snape map of Dle o anal, 3.8 ikle map of Jeoise estate, westen en of anal setion onl 3.9 Stonehose am estate, westen en of anal setion onl 3.10 othfiel tithe map, 3.11 lan of pat of Dle o anal, 3.12 tat of loo map of imingham, 3.13 lan of othfiel, oins, 3.14 lan of Dle o anal, 3.15 ist ition nane Se map, 3.16 Seon ition nane Se map, 3.17 hi ition nane Se map, 3.18 nate map of pat of Dle o anal 3.19 i ai map – 3.20 nane Se map, Dawige west of Sell ak ak, ate nknown, iew west Dawn eo of awige, anal looking towas Some oa ige, , iew west D Some oa ige, nate, iew sothwest ine of anal west of Sell ak ak, iew west ine of anal east of lwol oa, iew east ine of anal east of Stonehose ook ossing, iew east lete Stonehose ook aoining fome anal ossing, iew sothwest ine of anal east of ottetot oa, iew east J ine of anal nea ottetot oa ossing, iew east ine of anal aoining eole astle ailings to left, iew west ast faing eleation of anal ige aoining Some oa, iew nothwest M ppoimate line of anal thogh onil Depot, iew west oete line of anal in open spae aoining Stoneook a, iew west

knowlegements efeenes

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