DOCSLIB.ORG

D5.3 Governance, Business, and Finance Models

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
D5.3 Governance, Business, and Finance Models D5.3 Governance, business, and finance models Work Package Number 5 Dissemination Level Level PU Lead Partner EBN Due Date May 31, 2020 Submission Date May 27, 2020 www.clevercities.eu Deliverable No. 5.3 Work Package Number 5 Dissemination Level PU Author(s) Bettina Wilk, ICLEI; Shira Lappin, SF; Blair Seiler, SF; Florian Sora, EBN Annabel Davies, EBN; Elisabeth Olesko, Green 4 Cities; Marion Perrin, Co-author(s) EBN; Shreya Utkarsh, ICLEI; Oliver Weiss, Green 4 Cities Date May 27, 2020 Developing governance, business, financing and investment models for File Name NBS in Cities Status Final Document Revision Reviewed by (if TEC, HWWI, EBN, SF applicable) This document has been prepared in the framework of the European project Clever Cities. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 innovation action programme under grant agreement no. 776604. The sole responsibility for the content of this publication lies with the authors. It does not necessarily represent the opinion of the European Union. Neither the EASME nor the European Commission are responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. CONTACT: This project has received funding from the Email: [email protected] European Union’s Horizon 2020 innovation Website: www.clevercities.eu action programme under grant agreement no. 776604. 2 www.clevercities.eu Contents List of Tables 5 List of Figures 5 List of Abbreviations ..................................................................... 6 1. Executive Summary ................................................................... 7 2. Governance models ................................................................... 9 Introduction .................................................................... 9 Methodology ................................................................. 18 Fundamentals of CLEVER governance ...................... 22 Conclusion .................................................................... 50 3. Business Models for NBS ....................................................... 52 Introduction .................................................................. 52 Methodology ................................................................. 53 Business Model Canvas and Sustainable Business Model Tools. Focus on FR cities CALs ............................. 67 3.4 Conclusion ..................................................................... 74 4. Financing Natured Based Solutions (NBS) ........................... 75 Introduction .................................................................. 75 Benefits of NBS: Why pay for NBS? ........................... 76 Funders – Who funds NBS? ........................................ 83 Funding types – How is NBS funded? ........................ 90 Financing mechanisms for NBS ................................. 95 Financial model .......................................................... 109 Building a financing solution for NBS ...................... 110 Conclusion .................................................................. 118 3 www.clevercities.eu Conclusion 120 References 132 Annexes 136 Annex 1 – Governance Models ........................................ 136 Annex 2 – Business Models ............................................. 145 Annex 3 Financing Natured Based Solutions ................. 157 4 www.clevercities.eu List of Tables TABLE 1 - SPECTRUM OF GOVERNMENT AND NON-GOVERNMENT ROLES IN DIFFERENT GOVERNANCE ARRANGEMENTS DEVELOPED IN GREEN SURGE ...................................................................................................................................................... 14 TABLE 2 - DESCRIPTION OF CALS IN CLEVER FR CITY MILAN........................................................................................................ 15 TABLE 3 - DESCRIPTION OF CALS IN CLEVER FR CITY HAMBURG. ................................................................................................ 18 TABLE 4 - CORE TEAM AND ORGANISATIONAL SCHEMES FOR CLEVER CITIES CALS IN LONDON, HAMBURG AND MILAN. .. 29 TABLE 5 - DIFFERENT LEVELS AND METHODS OF ENGAGEMENT ........................................................................................................ 41 TABLE 6 - ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE – HAMBURG: LEVELS AND TYPES OF ENGAGEMENT. .............................................................. 43 TABLE 7 - THE BUSINESS MODEL CANVAS - MATRIX AND FOCUS ON VALUE DELIVERY, VALUE CREATION AND VALUE CAPTURE . .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 59 TABLE 8: BUSINESS MODEL CANVAS NBS CASE STUDY CITY OF GOTHENBURG: GREEN BONDS ................................................ 60 TABLE 9: BUSINESS MODEL CANVAS NBS CASE STUDY – CITY OF LONDON: LIVING ROOFS AND WALLS ................................ 61 TABLE 10: SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS MODELS ARCHETYPES. SOURCE: BOCKEN ET AL., 2014 .................................................... 66 TABLE 11: BUSINESS MODEL CANVAS CAL 3 HAMBURG SCHOOLS .................................................................................................. 68 TABLE 12: SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS MODEL ARCHETYPE HAMBURG CAL 3 – SCHOOLS .............................................................. 69 TABLE 13: BUSINESS MODEL CANVAS NBS LONDON CAL 2 – ACTIVATING SOUTHMERE LAKE ................................................ 70 TABLE 14: SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS MODEL ARCHETYPE LONDON CAL 2 – ACTIVATING SOUTHMERE LAKE ......................... 71 TABLE 15: BUSINESS MODEL CANVAS NBS MILAN CAL 1 – GREEN ROOFS & WALLS ................................................................ 72 TABLE 16 SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS MODEL ARCHETYPE MILAN CAL 1 – GREEN ROOFS & WALLS ........................................... 73 TABLE 17 COMPLEMENTARITY BMC AND SBM ................................................................................................................................... 74 TABLE 18 RANKING OF % SURVEY RESPONDENTS WHO AGREE WITH THE STATEMENT: FUNDERS WOULD VALUE / PAY FOR THIS BENEFIT ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 81 TABLE 19 : FUNDERS OF NBS .................................................................................................................................................................. 84 TABLE 20 KEY FUNDERS BY BUSINESS MODEL ....................................................................................................................................... 86 TABLE 21 : FUNDING TYPES FOR NBS .................................................................................................................................................... 90 TABLE 22 NBS FUNDERS BY FUNDING TYPE ........................................................................................................................................ 92 TABLE 23 KEY FINANCING MECHANISMS AND INSTRUMENTS FOR NBS ........................................................................................... 97 TABLE 24 WOODLAND RESTORATION PROJECT COSTS AND REVENUE BY YEAR (€) ................................................................. 117 TABLE 25 GOVERNANCE MODELS SUITED FOR NBS BASED ON EGUSQUIZA ET AL. (2017)...................................................... 138 TABLE 26 NBS BENEFITS - % OF SURVEY RESPONDENTS WHO AGREE THIS FUNDER VALUES THIS BENEFIT. (SURVEY QUESTION: “WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF NBS ARE VALUED BY STAKEHOLDERS, IN YOUR EXPERIENCE?”)NBS BENEFITS - % OF SURVEY RESPONDENTS WHO AGREE THIS FUNDER VALUES THIS BENEFIT. (SURVEY QUESTION: “WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF NBS ARE VALUED BY STAKEHOLDERS, IN YOUR EXPERIENCE?”) .................................................................................................................................................................... 157 TABLE 27 NBS FUNDING - % OF SURVEY RESPONDENTS WHO AGREE THIS FUNDER WOULD PAY FOR THIS BENEFIT (SURVEY QUESTION: “WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF NBS ARE VALUED BY STAKEHOLDERS, IN YOUR EXPERIENCE?”) .............................................................................................................................................................................. 158 TABLE 28 SUMMARY OF FUNDERS ........................................................................................................................................................ 159 TABLE 29 EXAMPLES FOR DIFFERENT FINANCING MECHANISMS .................................................................................................... 160 List of Figures FIGURE 1 - STAGES OF CO-CREATION ACROSS PROJECT PHASES IN CLEVER CITIES. ..................................................................... 13 FIGURE 2 - CALS IN CLEVER FR CITY MILAN. .................................................................................................................................... 15 FIGURE 3 - CALS IN CLEVER FR CITY LONDON. ................................................................................................................................. 16 FIGURE 4 - CALS IN CLEVER FR CITY HAMBURG. .............................................................................................................................. 17 FIGURE 5 - THE DIMENSIONS OF THE CLEVER 4PMGRID ................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Crowdfunding Online Portal - Its Insights and Implication on Funding Success
    © 2019 JETIR June 2019, Volume 6, Issue 6 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) Crowdfunding online portal - its insights and implication on funding success Lavanya R.N. Assistant professor, T.John Insitute of Management and Science. In the present scenerio, crowdfunding individuals collectively contributing money to back different goals and projects through the internet has proven to be a viable alternative for raising funds. Businesses, entrepreneurs, and individuals are using this alternative fundraising mechanism to raise finances to support their businesses, creative projects, or personal goals. Evidence of very successful fundraising campaigns (e.g. Pebble smart watches on Kickstarter.com) and unsuccessful fundraising campaigns exist. Different factors have been attributed to driving fundraising campaign outcomes - goal size, fundraising duration, creator’s network size, and signals of quality. Despite the growing importance and popularity of the crowdfunding mechanism,. Keywords Crowdfunding, Debt-based ,Funding ,Financing, Reward based. Crowd funding is a funding technique that encompasses financing a project with relatively modest contributions from a huge group of persons, rather than looking for considerable sums from a small number of investors. The funding campaign and transactions are typically conducted online through dedicated crowd funding sites, often in conjunction with social networking sites. Depending on the project, campaign contributors may be essentially making contributions, capitalizing for a potential future return
    [Show full text]
  • Moneylab Reader: an Intervention in Digital Economy
    READER A N INTERVENTION IN DIGITAL ECONOMY FOREWORD BY SASKIA SASSEN EDITED BY GEERT LOVINK NATHANIEL TKACZ PATRICIA DE VRIES INC READER #10 MoneyLab Reader: An Intervention in Digital Economy Editors: Geert Lovink, Nathaniel Tkacz and Patricia de Vries Copy editing: Annie Goodner, Jess van Zyl, Matt Beros, Miriam Rasch and Morgan Currie Cover design: Content Context Design: Katja van Stiphout EPUB development: André Castro Printer: Drukkerij Tuijtel, Hardinxveld-Giessendam Publisher: Institute of Network Cultures, Amsterdam, 2015 ISBN: 978-90-822345-5-8 Contact Institute of Network Cultures phone: +31205951865 email: [email protected] web: www.networkcultures.org Order a copy or download this publication freely at: www.networkcultures.org/publications Join the MoneyLab mailing list at: http://listcultures.org/mailman/listinfo/moneylab_listcultures.org Supported by: Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (Hogeschool van Amster- dam), Amsterdam Creative Industries Publishing and the University of Warwick Thanks to everyone at INC, to all of the authors for their contributions, Annie Goodner and Morgan Currie for their copy editing, and to Amsterdam Creative Industries Publishing for their financial support. This publication is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial ShareAlike 4.0 Unported (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/. EDITED BY GEERT LOVINK, NATHANIEL TKACZ AND PATRICIA DE VRIES INC READER #10 Previously published INC Readers The INC Reader series is derived from conference contributions and produced by the Institute of Network Cultures. They are available in print, EPUB, and PDF form. The MoneyLab Reader is the tenth publication in the series.
    [Show full text]
  • Scaling up Partnerships
    SCALING UP PARTNERSHIPS A blueprint for the implementation of match-funding schemes between public authorities and crowdfunding platforms. A publication of the multi-stakeholder working group Crowdfunding for European Structural and Investment Funds at EUROCROWD - INSPIRING TOMORROW‘S FINANCE - WWW.EUROCROWD.ORG Ag Scaling Up Partnerships: A blueprint for the implementation of match-funding schemes between public authorities and crowdfunding platforms Editor: Francesca Passeri, EUROCROWD Contributors: Martina Lodi, KICK-ER / Carlo Allevi, WeAreStarting / Charlotte Brandsma, Growfunding / Chiara Rotulo, Goteo / Yoann Nesme, PPL / Angelo Rindone and Marta Dall’Omo, Produzioni Dal Basso / Ingi Rafn Sigurdsson, Karolina Fund / Oriol Sans, ACCIÓ / Elisa Patriarca, EUROCROWD Copyright © EUROCROWD (European Crowdfunding Network AISBL) 2021 All rights reserved. We encourage the use of our own data, publications and multimedia products (sound, image, video, etc.) in line with our Use of EUROCROWD Material policy as set out in our terms and conditions which can be accessed here https://eurocrowd.org/conditions/ European Crowdfunding Network Neo Building, Rue Montoyer 51, Box 7 1000 Brussels, Belgium [email protected] https://eurocrowd.org/ SCALING UP PARTNERSHIPS | June 2021 | EUROCROWD.org – 2 – TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 8 SECTION 1 - SETTING THE CONTEXT 10 Functioning mechanisms of crowdfunding 12 Crowdfunding and public authorities: a reference framework 14 Common match-funding structures 16 Matching crowdfunding
    [Show full text]
  • Crowdfunding and Its Interaction with Urban Development
    Crowdfunding and its Interaction with Urban Development CHEN Hung-Yi1 Crowdfunding is a mechanism of fundraising on the Internet without a conventional financial institution as agency, especially for small and middle enterprises (SMEs). This is an intermediary system for people raising funding much more easily and efficiently. The difficulties for SMEs to raise funding from capital market are universal problems in the world. Under consideration of efficient fundraising, Malaysia, Taiwan and Thailand are already provided regulation toward crowdfunding. The financial authority of China and Singapore are also drafting the bill of crowdfunding in early 2015. With the development of crowdfunding for several years, it also provides citizens an alternative way to participate public affair and raise capital they need. In 2014, there is a crowdfunding campaign by citizens in Taiwan which raise up 11,984,994 TWD (around 387,481 USD) from 11,523 people only in 45 hours to organize a group recalling three controversy congressmen representing of Taipei city. This campaign was not held by any parties or organizations but a combination of citizens who did not know each other before. This campaign successfully promotes the idea of citizens by using crowdfunding to engage public affair by citizens. This is an innovative way for citizens having more opportunities to engage public affair. Additionally, there are some local governments in Japan, the United States, and the United Kingdom using crowdfunding to fulfill the gap of insufficient budget and also attract citizens invest their funding into public projects. Moreover, there are drafting bills in Hawaii and New Jersey for government using crowdfunding to raise capital for public projects.
    [Show full text]
  • Handbook on Urban Infrastructure Finance Dr
    Handbook on Urban Infrastructure Finance Dr. Julie Kim, Senior Fellow, New Cities Foundation WITH SUPPORT FROM: Handbook on Urban Infrastructure Finance Dr. Julie Kim, Senior Fellow, New Cities Foundation This report was written as part of the Financing Urban Infrastructure Initiative and published in April 2016. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein are the Foundation’s. Please cite this publication as: Kim, Julie, New Cities Foundation (2016), Handbook on Urban Infrastructure Finance [online: http://bit.ly/NCFUrbanFinance] You can copy, download, or print this report for your own use, and you can include excerpts from New Cities Foundation publications, databases, and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations blogs, websites, and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgment of the New Cities Foundation as source and copyright owner is given. All requests for public or commercial use and translation rights should be submitted to [email protected]. Request for permission to photocopy portions of this material for public or commercial use shall be addressed directly to the New Cities Foundation. Photo credits for cover page: Denver Bike Lanes - Flickr © Mark Danielson | South Lake Union Streetcar, Seattle - Flickr © Curtis Cronn | Goethals Bridge Reconstruction project, New York/New Jersey - Wikipedia © US Cost Guards | Agua Espraiada - Flickr © Jornal SP Zona Sul | Plenary Properties Long Beach LLC (Developer), Edgemoor Infrastructure and Real Estate and Clark Construction (Contractor), Skidmore Owings & Merrill (Architect) | N-33 Road Project, Netherlands - Royal BAM Group © Aerophoto EELDE | London CrossRail project - Flickr © Department for Transport | Carlsbad desalination plant © Kleinfelder | FasTracks Commuter and Light Rail Project, Denver - Wikipedia © vxla | Rio Operations Center, Rio de Janeiro - Flickr © World Resources Institute | Hobart Airport, Tasmania - Wikipedia © R773 | Atlanta Beltline, Atlanta - Rails-to-Trails Conservancy © Ryan Gravel courtesy of Atlanta Beltline Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • In This Issue
    SPECIAL EDITION TRANSFORMING CITIES From The Economist 2013 - 2014 In this issue: Concrete jungles Boomtown slum Factory women Going underground Brazilian housing Contents Reprinted from The Economist, 2013 - 2014 3 TRANSFORMING CITIES Foresight needed for a better urban world Cities: Opportunities and challenges Infrastructure: Filling critical gaps 4 Urbanisation 20 Trains in Nigeria The city triumphs, again A slow but steady chug 4 Cities 20 A continued infrastructure boom Concrete jungles Going underground 6 Natural disasters 21 Pollution in China Counting the cost of calamities Clearing the air 9 The protest around the world The march of protest Rapidly urbanising regions The search for new solutions 10 Upwardly mobile Africa 22 Housing in Brazil Boomtown slum If you build it 13 Kenya’s slum dwellers 23 Social entrepreneurs in India Tangles over tenure Water for all 14 Property in Mumbai 23 Civic crowdfunding The minimum city Breaking ground The human face of urbanisation 16 France’s troubled suburbs Forgotten in the banlieues SPECIAL EDITION TRANSFORMING CITIES 16 Factory women From The Economist 2013 - 2014 Girl power 17 Poverty and food The nutrition puzzle In this issue: Concrete jungles Boomtown slum Factory women Going underground Brazilian housing For more information about “Transforming cities” please go to www.VisionariesUnbound.com 2 From the conveners Reprinted from The Economist, 2013 - 2014 Transforming cities: Foresight needed for a better urban world Building bridges across sectors for innovative and enduring solutions MANY OF US live in cities, in sprawling, dense areas, pushing the undesirable facets of urban living rife with horrors, the slightest fallback plunging and socially diverse places that are the fabric of on others.
    [Show full text]
  • Crowdfunding Reshaping the Crowd’S Engagement in Culture
    Crowdfunding Reshaping the crowd’s engagement in culture Crowdfunding Reshaping the crowd’s engagement in culture AUTHORS OF THE STUDY Isabelle De Voldere, IDEA Consult (Project coordinator) Kleitia Zeqo, IDEA Consult PROJECT TEAM Eveline Durinck, IDEA Consult Pierre Padilla, IDEA Consult Kathrin Kohl, ECN Oliver Gajda, ECN Markus Chandler, Ecorys Jakub Gloser, Ecorys Tim Fox, Ecorys Joost Heinsius, Values of Culture Sylvia Amann, Inforelais The research team would like to thank all the stakeholders that have contributed to the research by sharing their valuable expertise and insights during the interviews, workshops and online DISCUTO process. EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directorate-General for Education and Culture Directorate D – Culture and Creativity Unit D.1 – Cultural Policy Contact: DG EAC Unit D.1 E-mail: [email protected] European Commission B-1049 Brussels Disclaimer This document has been prepared for the European Commission; however, it reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union. Freephone number (*) : 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) The information given is free, as are most calls (though some operators, phone boxes or hotels may charge you). More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2017 ISBN 978-92-79-67975-9 doi: 10.2766/011282 © European Union, 2017 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Image(s) © image #298767080.
    [Show full text]
  • Crowdfunding: Exposing the Link Between Projects and Reward Mechanisms
    Crowdfunding: Exposing the link between projects and reward mechanisms CROWDFUNDING “Exploring the link between projects and reward mechanisms” Candidate: Sofia Alexandra Cardoso André dos Santos Advisor: Professor Juan Andrei Villarroel Fernandez, PhD [email protected] Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of MSc in Business Administration, at the Universidade Católica Portuguesa, June 2013 Crowdfunding: Exposing the link between projects and reward mechanisms ABSTRACT CROWDFUNDING: EXPLORING THE LINK BETWEEN PROJECTS AND REWARD MECHANISMS Sofia Alexandra Cardoso André dos Santos Crowdfunding is a recent organizational phenomenon for which there is little academic research. More than just offering a categorization of the crowdfunding reality, the aim of this study is to unveil the ways in which projects and rewards are linked across the global crowdfunding scenario. For the purpose of this study, several crowdfunding platforms were reviewed, with the focus of analyzing project characteristics such as owners, type and intent and finding a connection between the referred variables and the reward schemes which were commonly associated with them. The findings pointed out significant differences and clear reward preferences among the different project owners’ profiles and even among the different types of projects categories present in the crowdfunding platforms. Ultimately, the reader will be able to understand the links between project features and reward mechanisms and how they play out in the crowdfunding scenario. Moreover, they will be able to identify what type of rewards they may expect from a specific project type. This can be of great relevance for seekers and backers, since it clarifies what rewards a platform will offer taking into account the projects it promotes.
    [Show full text]
  • IDC Finance Technology Conference 20 Ekim 2016
    FinTech İstanbul Platformu Prof. Dr. Selim YAZICI Co-Founder FinTech Istanbul @SelimYazici IDC Finance Technology Conference 20 Ekim 2016 Nedir bu FinTech? Girişimcilik dünyasında 2014 yılından beri en çok duyulan kelime: “FinTech” Bankacılık Sigortacılık “Finansal HİZMET” sağlamak için “TEKNOLOJİ” kullanımı ! Aracı Kurumlar FinTech Neden Gündemde? Finans dünyasına, dijitalleşme ile çözüm: “Yeniden Yapılanma” Dijital kanallardan anında; hızlı esnek bireysel çözümler sunar FinTech Neden Gündemde? “Dijital Dönüşüm” Dijital kanallardan anında; hızlı esnek bireysel çözümler sunar FinTech Finansal Hizmetler Dünyasını Yeniden Şekillendirecek “Korkunun Ecele Faydası Yok” • Önümüzdeki 5 yıl içinde global FinTech yatırımlarının 150 Milyar USD’yi aşması bekleniyor. • FinTech’ler %100 müşteri odaklı • Müşterinin çektiği acıyı biliyorlar • Yeni iş modelleri ile yeni ürün ve hizmetleri getiriyorlar • FinTech Startupları geleneksel şirketlerin işlerini tehdit edebilir • Blockchain Teknolojisi çok şeyi değiştirecek Çözüm: “Rekaberlik” Dünyada FinTech Sadece Aralık 2015’de 81 FinTech girişimi 1 milyar USD yatırım aldı. 894 224 Sadece Google, son 5 yılda 37 farklı FinTech 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 yatırımı yaptı Son 5 yılda FinTech odaklı girişim sermayesi (VC) sayısı Dünyada FinTech Yatırımları DEsignED BY POWERED BY PIERRE DREUX Fintech Landscape Banking & Payment (356) Investments (108) Financing (196) Insurance (82) Banking (54) P2P Lending (49) Banking Personal Finance Investment P&C Reinsurance (6) Platforms Mobile Virtual Banking (9) - Expense
    [Show full text]
  • Open Research Online Oro.Open.Ac.Uk
    Open Research Online The Open University’s repository of research publications and other research outputs The benefits and challenges of using crowdfunding to facilitate community-led projects in the context of digital civics Journal Item How to cite: Gooch, Daniel; Kelly, Ryan; Stiver, Alexandra; van der Linden, Janet; Petre, Marian; Richards, Michael; Klis- Davies, Anna; MacKinnon, Jessica; Macpherson, Robbie and Walton, Clare (2020). The benefits and challenges of using crowdfunding to facilitate community-led projects in the context of digital civics. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 134 pp. 33–43. For guidance on citations see FAQs. c 2019 Elsevier Ltd. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Version: Accepted Manuscript Link(s) to article on publisher’s website: http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2019.10.005 Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open Research Online’s data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policies page. oro.open.ac.uk The Benefits and Challenges of Using Crowdfunding to Facilitate Community-led Projects in the Context of Digital Civics Daniel Gooch1;a, Ryan M. Kellyc,a, Alexandra Stivera, Janet van der Lindena, Marian Petrea, Mike Richardsa, Anna Klis-Daviesb, Jessica MacKinnonb, Robbie Macphersonb, Clare Waltonb aSchool of Computing and Communications, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, UK bCommunity Action: MK, Acorn House, Milton Keynes, UK cSchool of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia Abstract Digital technology is increasingly being used to bring citizens and communi- ties together to address local concerns.
    [Show full text]
  • Crowdfunding for Local Authorities
    how to... Crowdfunding for local authorities part of our how to guide series on finance and local economic growth Introduction Crowdfunding has created a frenzy in the business community and the creative sector because of its ability to raise money quickly and flexibly, bypassing traditional sources of finance. But it has yet to become as widely adopted among local authorities. This is in large part down to the fact that councils are rightly cautious about new fads when it comes to handling public money. However, much of this caution comes from confusion about what exactly crowdfunding is, how it can be used in a local government context and how to weigh its risks and benefits. We hope to shed some light on this area so that people working in local government can make informed choices about if and how to get started. There are three main types of crowdfunding: ● Donations-based crowdfunding ● Equity crowdfunding ● Peer-to-peer (P2P) lending These work in different ways that are accessible to different organisations and groups. This guide will help you to unpick the different types of crowdfunding, their uses within and outside local government, and contains practical tips for those who wish to give crowdfunding a try. While this is still new territory for local government, it is cheering to note that crowdfunding is already working well for many councils as we mention throughout the guide. It holds the potential to raise money for local charities and social projects, to earn higher interest on council savings, to plug funding gaps for services and to support local businesses and the economy.
    [Show full text]
  • Civic Crowdfunding Processes Through the Looking Glass of Participation
    Civic crowdfunding processes through the looking glass of participation An exploration into the role and effects of citizen participation in civic crowdfunding processes Colophon Alexandra Craciun MSC Thesis Spatial Planning ©Wageningen University and Research June 2020 Land Use Planning Group MSC Landscape Architecture and Planning, Specialization Spatial Planning Course number: LUP-80436 Contact information Postbus 47 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands Phone: +31 317 486 187 Fax: +31 317 419 000 E-mail: [email protected] Author ©Alexandra Craciun Student number: 880817164110 Contact: [email protected] / [email protected] Supervisor: Dr. Iulian Barba-Lata All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of either the author or the Wageningen UR Land Use Planning Chairgroup. This publication is written as a final master thesis in spatial planning by order of the chairgroup of land use planning at Wageningen University. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The decision to further my education at Wageningen University and research came from the desire to be able to have a larger specter of understanding of the issues that spatial planning and landscape architecture is facing in the current socio-political scene. The entire experience was inspiring, as this program helped me become a more critical researcher and a more realistic yet no less of an innovative planner. This research started as a natural and (apparently) simple option for my thesis. But it was a whirlwind that took me years to complete, all the while re-assessing not only my research and my methods, but also myself as a person.
    [Show full text]