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Benjamin Linfoot, 1840-1912: the Career of an Architectural Renderer

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Benjamin Linfoot, 1840-1912: the Career of an Architectural Renderer University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Theses (Historic Preservation) Graduate Program in Historic Preservation 1988 Benjamin Linfoot, 1840-1912: The Career of an Architectural Renderer Catherine Grace Lynch University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses Part of the Historic Preservation and Conservation Commons Lynch, Catherine Grace, "Benjamin Linfoot, 1840-1912: The Career of an Architectural Renderer" (1988). Theses (Historic Preservation). 495. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/495 Copyright note: Penn School of Design permits distribution and display of this student work by University of Pennsylvania Libraries. Suggested Citation: Lynch, Catherine Grace (1988). Benjamin Linfoot, 1840-1912: The Career of an Architectural Renderer. (Masters Thesis). University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/495 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Benjamin Linfoot, 1840-1912: The Career of an Architectural Renderer Disciplines Historic Preservation and Conservation Comments Copyright note: Penn School of Design permits distribution and display of this student work by University of Pennsylvania Libraries. Suggested Citation: Lynch, Catherine Grace (1988). Benjamin Linfoot, 1840-1912: The Career of an Architectural Renderer. (Masters Thesis). University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. This thesis or dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/495 UNlVEKSnYy- PENNSYIVANIA. BENJAMIN LINFOOT. 1840 - 1912 THE CAREER OF AN ARCHITECTURAL RENDERER Catherine Grace Lynch A THESIS in The Graduate Program in Historic Preservation Presented to the faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE 1988 Dr. Geoipge E. Thomas, Reader Dr. David G. D.eLong, Graduat p Chairman FINE ARTs/H ^/C ^/' ^ ^^/^1 ^ 7 UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA LIBRARIES TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Plates iii - vi Introduction vii - xiii Chapter One 1-13 The early years in England Chapter Two 14-53 Early American career, 1869-1871 Chapter Three 54-67 Employment during 1872-1876 Chapter Four 68-89 Hastings Square, Spring Lake, New Jersey, 1880-1881 Chapter Five 90 - 105 Architecture commissions 1882-1890 and publications Chapter Six 106 - 113 The final career years Chapter Seven 114 - 117 Summary of the career of Benjamin Linfoot Plates 118-147 List of Commissions 148 - 151 End Notes 152 - 192 Bibliography 193 - 199 11 . LIST OF PLATES Plate 1: Benjamin Linfoot, 1857. Glass plate photograph. Linfoot family scrapbook, private collection. Plate 2: Lithograph by Ben.jamin Linfoot, September 2, 1857. Linfoot family scrapbook, private collection Plate 3: Title page of Samuel Prout's Hints on Light and Shadow . Copied by Benjamin Linfoot in 1858. Linfoot Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia. Plate 4: Example from Hints on Light and Shadow , done by Benjamin Linfoot in 1858. Linfoot Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia. Plate 5: Title page of scrapbook by Benjamin Linfoot for Elizabeth Fanny Simons, 1866. Linfoot Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia. Plate 6: Sir Walter DeGrey's Monument. Measured and drawn by Benjamin Linfoot in 1866, in American Architect and Builder's Monthly . Linfoot Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia. Plate 7: Philadelphia Skating Rink illustration by Benjamin Linfoot in Architectural Review and American Builders Journal February, 1869. The Athenaeum of Philadelphia. Plate 8: Pittsburgh City Hall, by J. W. Kerr, illustration by Benjamin Linfoot. ARARJ March, 1869. The Athenaeum of Philadelphia. Plate 9: Cottage in the Bracketed Style, illustration by Benjamin Linfoot, in ^£AM April, 1869. The Athenaeum of Philadelphia. Plate 10: Benjamin Linfoot, 1870, 1871. Linfoot family scrapbook, private collection. Plate 11: Rodef Shalom Synagogue by Fraser, Furness and Hewitt. Lithograph by Linfoot and Fleu, AABM . March 1870. The Athenaeum of Philadelphia. Plate 12: The Harriet Hollond Memorial Sabbath School. Architects: Davis E. Supplee and Addison Hutton. Illustrated in Summer Quarters . Linfoot Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia. Plate 13: Centennial Fair, "Main Entrance to Exhibition Grounds from the Trans-Continental Hotel." Linfoot Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia. Plate 14: Centennial Fair,, "Eastern Front Main Exhibition Building from Elm and Girard Avenues." Linfoot Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia. Plate 15: Centennial Fair, "Buildings of the British Government and State of New York." Linfoot Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia. Plate 16: Centennial Fair, "Japanese Dwelling, Storehouse and Bazaar." Linfoot Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia Plate 17: Centennial Fair, "Interior of the Horticultural Hall." Linfoot Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia Plate 18: Centennial Fair, "Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio State Buildings." Linfoot Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia. Plate 19: "Pair of Twin Cottages situated at Hastings Square, Spring Lake, New Jersey. The property of Mrs. A. W. Baird, Phila." Illustrated in Summer Quarters . Linfoot Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia. Plate 20: Hastings Square, photograph pre-1900. Southwest corner, Essex and First Avenues. Linfoot Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia. Plate 21: "Miss Townson's Essex House, Hastings Square." Illustrated in Summer Quarters . Linfoot Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia. Plate 22: Hastings Square, photograph pre-1900. Southeast corner. Ocean and Essex Avenues. Linfoot Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia. Plate 23: "Surf Cottages (Mrs. Urie's), Hastings Square." Illustrated in Summer Quarters . Linfoot Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia. Plate 24: Hastings Square, photograph pre-1900. Northeast corner. Ocean and Sussex Avenues. Linfoot Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia. Plate 25: "Pair of Cottages, Hastings Square." Illustrated in Summer Quarters and in AA£Ii, January 21, 1382. Linfoot Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia. Plate 26: Hastings Square, photograph pre-1900. Northwest corner, Sussex and First Avenues. Linfoot Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia. Plate 27: "Pair of Semi-Detached Cottages, Hastings Square." Located on First Avenue. Illustrated in Summer Quarters . Linfoot Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia. Plate 28: "Pair of Semi-Detached Cottages, Hastings Square." Located on Essex Avenue. Illustrated in Summer Quarters . Linfoot Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia. Plate 29: "Pair of Semi-Detached Cottages, Hastings Square." Located on Essex Avenue; fire may have started in this building. Illustrated in Summer Quarters . Linfoot Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia. Plate 30: "Pair of Semi-Detached Cottages, Hastings Square." Located on Sussex Avenue. Illustrated in Summer Quarters . Linfoot Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia. Plate 31: "Tank, Engine and Gas House, Hastings Square." Illustrated in Summer Quarters . Linfoot Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia. Plate 32: Interior, possibly of Hastings Square building. Illustrated in Summer Quarters . Linfoot Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia. Plate 33: Interior, possibly of Hastings Square building. Illustrated in Summer Quarters . Linfoot Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia. Plate 34: Hastings Square, Essex and First Avenues, August 1987. Originally Mrs. Baird's Twin Cottage. Photograph by William W. Hoffman, collection of the author. Plate 35: Hastings Square, Essex Avenue, August 1987. Originally the Surf Cottages. Photograph by William W. Hoffman, collection of the author. Plate 36: Hastings Square, Essex Avenue, August 1987. Originally the Essex Hotel. Photograph by William W. Hoffman, collection of the author. Plate 37: "Summer Residence, Ocean Beach, Mew Jersey." Illustrated in Summer Quarters . Linfoot Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia. Plate 38: "The Disston Cottage, Atlantic City, New Jersey." Illustrated in Summer Quarters . Linfoot Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia. Plate 39: Cover, Architectural Picture Making With Pen and Ink by Benjamin Linfoot, 1884. Linfoot Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia. Plate 40: How to draw trees correctly, from Architectural Picture Making With Pen and Ink , chapter on "Foliage." Linfoot Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia Plate 41: Aligning the pen nib, from Architectural Picture Making With Pen and Ink , chapter on "Methods and Appliances." Linfoot Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia Plate 42: Bardwold, property of Mrs. A. W. Baird, Merion, Pennsylvania. Rendering by Benjamin Linfoot in 1885. Private Collection. Plate 43: Bardwold, Home Buildings. Published in AAM> November 30, 1889. Linfoot Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia. Plate 44: The George B. Markle Mausoleum, Milton, Pennsylvania, 1892. Linfoot Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia. Plate 45: "Pine Lodge" Southwest Harbor, Maine, residence of Robert Kaighn, 1892. Linfoot Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia. Plate 46: The Edis children. Photograph in Elizabeth F. Simons scrapbook, Linfoot Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia. Plate 47: Carnegie Library competition entry, 1891. Linfoot Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia. INTRODUCTION One often neglected area of architectural history is the study of architectural renderers and their drawings which can be analyzed for presentation style as well as for content. According to the
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