Slide Set 3-5

History 2311 Introduction to Western Civilization to 1715 Slide Set 3-5

Central Texas College Fort Knox, Kentucky Bruce A. McKain The Rise of the Nation

• Why? • Trials and Tribulations – Consolidation of Royal – 100 Year War Power – Black Death – Decline of Serfdom – The Great Schism – Revolt against the – Threat of Invasion of Medieval Church Ottoman Turks

100 Years War (1337-1453)

• Interrupted consolidation of royal power in France • Why? – Edward III of England claims throne of France – French claim just as strong – Continued dislike/distrust between England and France England’s Edward III

Weapons of 100 Years War Weapons of 100 Years War Weapons of 100 Years War Weapons of 100 Years War Weapons of 100 Years War Arrow Firing Vase Cannon 100 Year War cont.

• Early English Victories – Crecy (1346) – Poitiers (1356) Capture of French King • French peasant revolts • Battle of Agincourt (1415) – Charles VI adopts Henry V and makes him heir • Joan of Arc – Rallies French Army and regains throne for Charles VII Crecy 100 Year War cont.

100 Year War cont.

Againcourt Joan of Arc Result of 100 Year War

• French King gained the right to: – Keep a standing army – Collect the taille • Louis XI – Centralized royal administration – Eliminated Bastard Feudalism – Laid foundations of Absolutism

House of Tudor

Lancastrian Rose York Rose House of Tudor

Henry VII Henry VIII Wives of Henry VIII

Catherine of Aragon Anne Boleyn Wives of Henry VIII

Jane Seymour Anne of Cleves Wives of Henry VIII

Catherine Howard Catherine Parr House of Tudor

Nine Day Queen Edward VI Lady Jane Grey House of Tudor

Mary I “Bloody Mary” Elizabeth I “ The Virgin Queen” Meanwhile in England

• A strong national monarchy was forming • Power of the “purse” vest in Parliament – a bicameral legislature • Rise in English Nationalism – use of English instead of Norman French • Henry VII founds House of Tudor after War of the Roses (1455-85) And in Spain

• Emergence of three Christian Kingdoms – Castile – Aragon – Portugal • Castile and Aragon united by marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile • Enforced religious uniformity • By 1492 Jews and Muslims forced out of Spain Spain

Isabella Ferdinand Elsewhere in Europe

• Germany • Italy – Sovereign princes ruled – Remains under control their territories. of the City-States Germany does not throughout this period. become a unified nation until the later half of the 19th century