Presentation for

The Old and The New - how to get the best out of your finings products Who are ab Vickers - What do we do?

Design, manufacture and market products for:

• Wort/ clarification • Colloidal, flavour and colour stabilisation • Foam stabilisation • Anti foam • nutrition • AND Provide technical support and consultancy on all aspects of the brewing process Brewery fining products

• • • Auxiliaries • Alternatives Carrageenan/Copper Finings/ Compac CG CGT

•Widely used •Meat •Dairy •Confectionery •Juice and Beverages •Sauces / Dressings •Cosmetic/Pharmaceutical/Nonfood

•Many applications •Suspension •Texturising •Thickening •Binding •Gelling •Clarification Carrageenan - Mechanism,

Product Presentation for Benefits wort clarification •Clarification of wort by removal of haze forming particles •Improved beer •Brighter beer downstream 10 control 20 mg/kg mg/kg hot break compaction •Hot break compaction •Increased wort yield •Reduced trub carry over

Unfined Fined Comapc CG - Options •Granules •Added to copper 5-10mins before end of boil. Can be added to whirlpool as well •100% active material •Tablets •As with granules but contains dispersant – can be added to copper or whirlpool. Whirlpool must be dry otherwise tablets can stick. Factors affecting the efficiency of Comapc CG

• Add correct form for particular pH application

40 pH 4.90 • Check addition rate regularly, 35 pH 4.98 particularly when changing:

30 pH 5.05 – Brewhouse procedures 25 • Boil Time

Haze 20 • Evaporation Rate

15 – or raw materials. 10 • Malt season / Variety 5 • Adjunct / Malt ratio • Liquor treatment 0 • 0 10 20 30 Hop Loading rate (ppm) Copper fining optimisation method

1 2 3 Materials

Label the bottles and dose a Bring the untreated wort range of with copper finings Transfer the hot wort to the boil liquid (1ml = 10ppm) sample into plastic jug

1000ppm copper fining liquid, 1-2lt wort sample 5 minutes before the end of the boil, 100ml glass 4 5 bottles + caps, 5ml syringe, kettle and 100ml graduated cylinder

Place bottles under running cold water for 10-15 Measure 100ml hot wort and Cap bottles and shake minutes while agitating transfer into glass bottles well (3-5 secs) Copper Fining Optimum Addition Rate

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 40 50

Summary 16 60

14 • in the range 10 – 50 ppm Sediment 50 12 Haze •Under dose 40 10 •Cloudy wort / hazy beer 8 30 Haze 6 •waste of money 20 4

SedimentVolume (%) •Overdose 10 2 •fluffy sediments in cask 0 0 0 2.5 5 10 15 20 25 30 •money wasted Addition Rate (ppm) Monitoring -clarity visual meter

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ISINGLASS Whole Maw Forms of Isinglass

• Paste – Concentrated 1:25 dilution – Not heat sensitive – Long shelf life – More input from customer – Problems - SO2 cutting

• Concentrated – 1600TN requires 1:3 breakdown – Must keep cold – Shorter shellfire

• RFU – 650TN - use as is – Shorter shellfire But how does it work??? Collagen Helical Structure Addition to Cask

• Ensure cask is cold. • If using auxiliary it should be added at start of fill, isinglass at the end of fill • If auxiliary is used in FV or RT, then isinglass can be added near to the start. • Always use RFU strength - a less viscous material mixes better. Addition FV-CT

• Ideally isinglass should be added in line throughout the beer transfer between FV and CT ideally at point of turbulence • Main points – A less viscous solution will be easier to disperse – Beer first isinglass second – Rouse if possible • Beer should be chilled prior to isinglass addition, or immediately afterwards – chill haze formation Optimisation

• Depends on style of beer • Large Fluffy Bottoms in cask • Too little not bright or poor filterability • Factors which can affect addition rate – pH – Yeast count – Solids loading of beer – Process changes – Malt variety Auxiliary Finings

Why use auxiliary finings…..

– increases fining speed – final beer clarity – can cause fluffy sediments

• Options - type - addition point/contact time - addition rate - storage Auxiliary Finings Types – Acidified sodium silicate solution SAF • Strong ionic charge / aggressive / high sediments • high negative charge density • Shorter shelflife – Blends AES – Polysaccharides • carrageenan, gum arabic, methyl celluloses AMF

Addition point – Prior to isinglass, contact time a few minutes, a few hours (ideal), a few days - layering in tank

Storage – Temperature and shelf life requirements – SO2 depletion – Mild steel Auxiliary Finings Isinglass / Auxiliary Optimisation Matrix

Haze (EBC) SAF GKF 2/5 FV Brew No 9233 mls/hl pts/brl Day 1 Re-settle 0 0 13.8 13.9 0 3.5 1.8 1.0 100 2.5 0.9 0.8 100 3 1.2 0.8 100 3.5 0.9 0.6 200 2.5 0.8 0.6 200 3 0.7 0.6 200 3.5 0.6 0.6 300 2.5 0.6 0.5 300 3 0.6 0.5 300 3.5 0.7 0.4 Isinglass/ auxiliary optimisation method

Equipment

Measure 100ml of beer and transfer into Label the bottles and dose a range of with glass bottles Isinglass finings liquid 0.35ml /100ml = Cap bottles and shake well (3-5 secs) 1pt/brl

1. Measuring jug 2. Beer to be tested ( taken before rack) 3. Isinglass finings ( ready for use) 4. Syringe (1ml and 2ml) 5. Measuring cylinder 6. 100ml Glass bottles and lids / Assess for clarity (visual scoring or haze measuring cylinders meter) and sediment @24hrs, shake and 7. Fining Matrix ( see page 2) Assess for flocculation speed assess again at 48hrs and clarity @ 1hr Fining Matrix

• Isinglass Optimisation • Auxiliary / Isinglass Optimisation

• Note, add auxiliary finings first, add beer, shake, leave 30mins add isinglass shake

Beer X Yeast Count = Beer X Yeast Count = Haze Sediment Haze Sediment Haze Sediment Haze Sediment Pts/brl ( EBC/Visual) (mls) ( EBC/Visual) (mls) Bottle Pts/brl ( EBC/Visual) (mls) ( EBC/Visual) (mls) Auxiliary Isinglass Day 1 Day 2 No Isinglass Day 1 Day 2 0 0 1 0 4 2 1 5 3 2 0.5 4 4 2.5 0.5 4.5 0.5 5 5 3 1 4 6 3.5 1 4.5 7 4 1 5 8 4.5 1.5 4 9 5 1.5 4.5 1.5 5 Alternatives

• Centrifugation • Vegan / vegetarian fining products – Silica Sols/ poly sach and sol blends – Protofine - Pectin.

Blank Isinglass (g/hl) Protofine (g/hl) - 0.5x 0.75x x 1.25x 0.25x 0.5x 0.75x x 1.25x 1.5x 2x PROTOFINE

Start

• Novel Fining agent

15min • Vegan / Vegetarian compliant

• Pectin derived • Comparable fining performance to 30min isinglass - for Keg and filtration

• Addition rates – tighter control than 1hr isinglass • Sediments can be a little higher

2 hrs

5 hrs

24 hrs

Haze (EBC) 17 6 6 5 4 8 5 4 5 5 4 3 Sediments (% v/v) 1.5 1.5 2 2 2 2 3 4 4 4 6 7 Protofine – further data

Storage Filtration Finished product

80 90° haze at 0 hours 70 of 196 EBC

60 Isinglass x g/hl Protofine 0.50x g/h 50

EBC) Protofine 0.75x g/hl 40 Protofine x g/h

haze ( Filterability test ° 30 2,000 90 90 haze (EBC) 20 Blank 1.2 (mbar)

p 1.0 10 Δ 1,500 0.8 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 0.6 Storage time (hours) 1,000 0.4 Protofine (x g/hl) 0.2 14 500 0.0 Blank Isinglass Protofine Protofine Protofine 12 Isinglass x g/hl (x g/hl) (0.5x g/hl) (0.75x g/hl) (x g/hl) Protofine 0.50x g/h 10 0 Protofine 0.75x g/hl 0 200 400 600 800 cells/ml) 6 8 Protofine x g/h Filtrate volume (ml) (x10 6

4

Yeast count (hl) 2 Predicted filterability 6,000 0 5,000 Chapon Test (90°haze - EBC ) 0 10 20 30 40 50 Storage time (hours) 4,000 20 3,000

6 Isinglass x g/hl 2,000 15 Protofine 0.50x g/h 1,000 5 Protofine 0.75x g/hl 0 10 Protofine x g/h Blank Isinglass Protofine Protofine Protofine 4 (x g/hl) (0.5x g/hl) (0.75x g/hl) (x g/hl)

(% (% v/v) 5 3

2 0 Sediments Blank Isinglass Protofine Protofine 1 (x g/hl) (0.5x g/hl) (0.75x g/hl)

0 0 10 20 30 40 50 Storage time (hours) Protofine - a novel application

• Can be used as a traditional fining agent • Could be used as a coagulant pre centrifugation • Improves clarity more than 50% than centrifuging alone • Reduces sediment losses • No conditioning time

Contact time pre centrifuge (mins) 0.4l/hl 10 20 30 40 protofine 11 8.22 8 6.5 Control 17.3 15.5 16.8 16

Contact time pre centrifuge (mins) 0.6l/hl 10 20 30 40 protofine 6.8 7.8 6.7 5.2 Control 19.7 15.7 17 17