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Virologie Vétérinaire Virus À ADN Bicaténaire 16/09/2014 Virologie vétérinaire Chapitre 7 interactions virus-hôte : virus à ADN bicaténaire Virologie vétérinaire – vétérinaire Virologie BMV3 - E. Thiry Virus à ADN bicaténaire Virologie vétérinaire – vétérinaire Virologie BMV3 - E. Thiry http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_protein/236.html 1 16/09/2014 Familles virales à ADN bicaténaire Poxviridae Asfarviridae (ordre des) Herpesvirales Malacoherpesviridae Alloherpesviridae Herpesviridae Virologie vétérinaire – vétérinaire Virologie BMV3 - E. Thiry Adenoviridae Papillomaviridae Polyomaviridae Poxviridae Entomopoxvirinae Chordopoxvirinae Avipoxvirus : canarypox virus, fowlpox virus Capripoxvirus : virus de la clavelée, dermatose nodulaire Cervidpoxvirus : Mule deerpox virus Crocodylidpxovirus : poxvirus du crocodile du Nil Leporipoxvirus : virus de la myxomatose Molluscipoxvirus : virus du molluscum contagiosum Virologie vétérinaire – vétérinaire Virologie BMV3 - E. Thiry Orthopoxvirus : virus de la variole, vaccine, cowpox virus Parapoxvirus : virus de la stomatite papuleuse bovine, virus de l’ecthyma contagieux (orf) Suipoxvirus : virus de la variole porcine Yatapoxvirus : tanapoxvirus (Yaba monkey tumor virus) Non assigné : poxvirus de l’écureuil (squirrelpox virus) 2 16/09/2014 Morphologie des orthopoxvirus Virologie vétérinaire – vétérinaire Virologie BMV3 - E. Thiry Variole porcine (suipoxvirus) Virologie vétérinaire – vétérinaire Virologie BMV3 - E. Thiry 3 16/09/2014 Capripoxvirus : Dermatose nodulaire contagieuse (lumpy skin disease) Maladie tropicale Lésions nodulaires disséminées sur la peau Transmission par des insectes Virologie vétérinaire – vétérinaire Virologie BMV3 - E. Thiry vecteurs passifs Morphologie des parapoxvirus Virologie vétérinaire – vétérinaire Virologie BMV3 - E. Thiry 4 16/09/2014 Parapoxvirus : Stomatite papuleuse bovine Virologie vétérinaire – vétérinaire Virologie BMV3 - E. Thiry Maladie zoonotique : nodule d’orf chez l’homme Deux types de particules infectieuses chez les orthopoxvirus Virologie vétérinaire – vétérinaire Virologie BMV3 - E. Thiry Virus intracellulaire « mûr » Virus extracellulaire enveloppé (intracellular mature virion: IMV) (extracellular enveloped virion: EEV) 5 16/09/2014 Cycle de multiplication du poxvirus (virus de la vaccine) Virologie vétérinaire – vétérinaire Virologie BMV3 - E. Thiry Asfarviridae (Asfivirus, virus de la peste porcine africaine (African swine fever)) Virologie vétérinaire – vétérinaire Virologie BMV3 - E. Thiry 6 16/09/2014 Peste porcine africaine: maladie généralisée hémorragique Virologie vétérinaire – vétérinaire Virologie BMV3 - E. Thiry Ordre des Herpesvirales Malacoherpesviridae Ostreavirus : herpèsvirus de l’huître Alloherpesviridae : herpèsvirus de poissons Herpesviridae Alphaherpesvirinae Iltovirus : virus de la laryngotrachéite infectieuse aviaire Virologie vétérinaire – vétérinaire Virologie BMV3 - E. Thiry Mardivirus : virus de la maladie de Marek Simplexvirus : herpèsvirus humain 1 Varicellovirus : herpèsvirus bovin 1 7 16/09/2014 Ordre des Herpesvirales Herpesviridae (suite) Betaherpesvirinae : cytomegalovirus Gammaherpesvirinae : Lymphocryptovirus : virus de la mononucléose infectieuse (virus d’Epstein-Barr, HHV4) Macavirus : virus du coryza gangreneux (AlHV1) Virologie vétérinaire – vétérinaire Virologie BMV3 - E. Thiry Percavirus : equid herpesvirus 2 et 5 (EHV2, 5) Rhadinovirus : herpèsvirus bovin 4 (BoHV4) Alphaherpesvirinae : rhinotrachéite infectieuse bovine (bovine herpesvirus 1; BoHV1) Virologie vétérinaire – vétérinaire Virologie BMV3 - E. Thiry 8 16/09/2014 Virologie vétérinaire – vétérinaire Virologie BMV3 - E. Thiry espèce: Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV1) famille: Herpesviridae sous-famille: Alphaherpesvirinae genre: Varicellovirus Gammaherpesvirinae : coryza gangreneux (malignant catarrhal fever) Deux étiologies forme européenne : herpèsvirus ovin 2 (OvHV-2) forme africaine : herpèsvirus alcélaphin 1 (AlHV-1) Hôtes naturels des deux gammaherpèsvirus AlHV-1 : gnou OvHV-2 : mouton Virologie vétérinaire – vétérinaire Virologie BMV3 - E. Thiry 9 16/09/2014 Coryza gangreneux : transmission asymptomatique du virus dans les espèces réservoirs Virologie vétérinaire – vétérinaire Virologie BMV3 - E. Thiry Cycle (lytique) de multiplication d’un alphaherpèsvirus 3 étapes d’expression Des gènes viraux : -précoce-immédiate -précoce Virologie vétérinaire – vétérinaire Virologie BMV3 - E. Thiry -tardive 10 16/09/2014 Latence virale chez les herpèsvirus (cycle latent) Virologie vétérinaire – vétérinaire Virologie BMV3 - E. Thiry Présence du génome viral dans le noyau du neurone à l’état d’épisome Rupture de l’état de latence → réactivation Retour à l’état latent Définition de la latence Propriété des herpèsvirus (des rétrovirus) La latence virale est la persistance d’un virus dans l’organisme sous une forme silencieuse, non détectable par les moyens de diagnostic conventionnels À l’état le plus pur, l’infection latente réside dans la présence du génome viral dans la Virologie vétérinaire – vétérinaire Virologie BMV3 - E. Thiry cellule infectée ADN de l’herpèsvirus non intégré dans le noyau cellulaire 22 11 16/09/2014 Latence, réactivation et réexcrétion réexcrétion Virologie vétérinaire – vétérinaire Virologie BMV3 - E. Thiry Exemple du BoHV1 (rhinotrachéite infectieuse bovine) Virologie vétérinaire – vétérinaire Virologie BMV3 - E. Thiry 12 16/09/2014 Exemple du BoHV1 (rhinotrachéite infectieuse bovine) Virologie vétérinaire – vétérinaire Virologie BMV3 - E. Thiry Adenoviridae Atadenovirus Adénovirus bovin D, adénovirus ovin D Aviadenovirus Adénovirus aviaires Ichtadenovirus : adénovirus de l’esturgeon Mastadenovirus Virologie vétérinaire – vétérinaire Virologie BMV3 - E. Thiry Adénovirus bovins A, B et C, adénovirus canins 1 et 2 Siadenovirus Adénovirus de la grenouille Adénovirus du dindon 13 16/09/2014 Les deux adénovirus canins Adénovirus canin 1: agent de l’hépatite infectieuse canine Adénovirus canin 2 : agent de la toux de chenil Relations antigéniques croisées entre les 2 virus Virologie vétérinaire – vétérinaire Virologie BMV3 - E. Thiry C’est l’adénovirus canin 2 qui se retrouve comme valence vaccinale. Adénovirus canin 1: virus de l’hépatite infectieuse canine (Rubarth) Virologie vétérinaire – vétérinaire Virologie BMV3 - E. Thiry 14 16/09/2014 Site de multiplication intranucléaire, avec inclusions nucléaires Virologie vétérinaire – vétérinaire Virologie BMV3 - E. Thiry Papillomaviridae Alphapapillomavirus : humains Betapapillomavirus : humains Deltapapillomavirus : bovin, cerf, ovin Epsilonpapillomavirus : bovin 3 Virologie vétérinaire – vétérinaire Virologie BMV3 - E. Thiry Lambdapapillomavirus : canin et félin Zetapapillomavirus : équin 1 15 16/09/2014 Virologie vétérinaire – vétérinaire Virologie BMV3 - E. Thiry Cycle de multiplication du papillomavirus, selon la maturation de la cellule Virologie vétérinaire – vétérinaire Virologie BMV3 - E. Thiry 16 16/09/2014 Diversité génétique chez les papillomavirus Virologie vétérinaire – vétérinaire Virologie BMV3 - E. Thiry Polyomaviridae Virologie vétérinaire – vétérinaire Virologie BMV3 - E. Thiry Néphrite hémorragique entérite de l’oison (NHEO) 17 16/09/2014 En résumé : virus à ADN bicaténaire Multiplication virale Intranucléaire : la règle Intracytoplasmique : poxvirus et asfarvirus Évolution génétique Génome « complexe » Variabilité « faible » : herpèsvirus, poxvirus « élevée » : papillomavirus Virologie vétérinaire – vétérinaire Virologie BMV3 - E. Thiry Modes d’infections Infection aiguë, lytique Infection persistante de type latent chez les herpèsvirus chronique avec induction tumorale chez les papillomavirus 18.
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