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ICL Technical Journal Volume 7 Issue 2 ICL TECHNICAL JOURNAL Volume 7 Issue 2 November 1990 Published by International Computers Limited at Oxford University Press AN STC COMPANY iCL TECHNICAL JOURNAL The ICL Technical Journal is published twice a year by International Computers Limited at Oxford University Press. Editor J.M.M. Pinkerton ICL, Lovelace Road, Bracknell, Berks RG12 4SN Editorial Board J.M.M. Pinkerton (Editor) A. Rowley P.J. Cropper M.R. Miller D.W. Davies FRS (British Telecom Research G.E. Felton Laboratories) P. Galais (ICL France) E.C.P. Portman M.D. Godfrey (Imperial College, B.C. Warboys (University London University) of Manchester) J. Howlett H.J. Winterbotham F.F. Land (STC Technology Ltd.) (London Business School) All correspondence and papers to be considered for publication should be addressed to the Editor. The views expressed in the papers are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent ICL policy. 1990 subscription rates: annual subscription £40 UK, £44 EEC, £48 rest of world, US $95 N. America; single issues £22 UK, £25 EEC, £27 rest of world, US $52 N. America. Orders with remittances should be sent to the Journals Subscriptions Department, Oxford University Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford 0X8 1JJ. This publication is copyright under the Berne Convention and the Inter­ national Copyright Convention. All rights reserved. Apart from any copying under the UK Copyright Act 1956, part 1, section 7, whereby a single copy of an article may be supplied, under certain conditions, for the purposes of research or private study, by a library of a class prescribed by the UK Board of Trade Regulations (Statutory Instruments 1957, No. 868), no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission of the copyright owners. Permission is, however, not required to copy abstracts of papers or articles on condition that a full reference to the source is shown. Multiple copying of the contents of the publication without permission is always illegal. © 1990 International Computers Limited Printed by H Charlesworth & Co Ltd, Huddersfield ISSN 0142-1557 TECHNICAL JOURNAL rCL Volume 7 Issue 2 Contents French Translations of Abstracts iii Dutch Translations of Abstracts ix The New SX Models 193 Foreword 195 The SX Node Architecture J.R. Eaton, G. Allt and K. Hughes 197 SX Design Processes G.P. Abraham, D.C. Freeth and H. Vosper 212 Physical Design Concepts of the SX Mainframe C. Shaw 233 Papers arising from collaborative R & D 249 Foreword 251 The Development of Marketing to Design: The Incorporation of Human Factors into Specification and Design A.T.F. Hutt and F. Flower 253 Foreword 270 Advances in the Processing and Management of Multimedia Information M.H. O’Docherty, P.J Crowther, C.N. Daskalakis, C.A. Gobel, M.A. Ireton, S. Kay and C.S. Xydeas 271 An Overview of Multi works M.E. Morris and I. Cole 288 RICHE-Reseau d’lnformation et de Communication Hospitalier Europeen (Healthcare Information and Communication Network for Europe) T. Drahota 296 ICL Technical Journal November 1990 i E.S.F. - A European Programme for Evolutionary Introduction of Software Factories R. Thomas, C. Fernstroem and 0. Hesse 307 A Spreadsheet with Visible Logic V. West and E. Babb 319 Intelligent Help - The Results of the EUROHELP Project M. Smith and C. Tattersall 328 How to use Colour in Displays - Coding, Cognition and Comprehension D. Van Laar and R. Flavell 362 Further papers Eye Movements for A Bidirectional Human Interface R. Epworth 384 Government IT Infrastructure for the Nineties (GIN); An Introduction to the Programme P. Wiles 412 Book Review 432 Notes on Authors 435 Guidance for Authors 444 ii ICL Technical Journal November 1990 Résumés J. R. Eaton, G. Allt et K. Hughes Corporate Servere Group, ICL, W. Gorton, Manchester, UK L'Architecture Nodale SX, p. 197 SX est la dernière génération de processeurs de Série 39 de haute perfor­ mance. Elle est compatible avec les systèmes de la Série 39 existants mais offre de meilleures performances aussi bien au niveau des configurations simples que des configurations multi-nodales. SX offre également une connectivité E/S améliorée et de plus grandes performances pour répondre à l’augmentation de la puissance de traitement. Cet article décrit certaines des caractéristiques les plus importantes du point nodal. G. P. Abraham, D. C. Freeth et H. Vosper Corporate Servers Product Group, ICL, West Gorton, Manchester, UK Processus de Conception SX,p. 212. Cet article présente un survol des processus de conception appliqués lors de la conception du système SX. Il couvre certaines des initiatives et innovations majeures et souligne les méthodes extensives utilisées dans la vérification de conception. L’outillage décrit inclut les modèles de performance pour OCP, E/S et inter- node, techniques d’émulation de logiciel et simulation de matériel et logiciel d’essais. Ce papier contient également une description des méthodes de mesure et de contrôle de conception. C. Shaw Product Servers Group, ICL, W. Gorton, UK L ’emballage du SX, p. 233. Les améliorations spectaculaires au niveau des densités et de la vitesse d’intégration de circuits à puces de silicium, intervenues depuis plus de vingt ans, sont bien connues. L’exploitation efficace de la technologie LSI (Intégra­ tion à Grande Echelle) moderne, dans une unité centrale de hautes perfor­ mances, implique des exigeances pour le matériel et l’emballage supportant les sous-systèmes électroniques. ICL Technical Journal November 1990 iii Cet article décrit les implications de ces demandes sur la conception physique de l’unité centrale ESSEX et souligne certaines des solutions de conception résultantes. Le contenu des sous-systèmes de matériel fonctionnel majeurs au sein du Noeud ESSEX est résumé. Dr. A. T. F. Hutt ICL Systems Engineering, Systems Intégration Division, Reading Fiona Flower ICL CPS Professional Services, Information Technology Services Division, Bristol Le Développement du Marketing à la Conception, p. 253 Cet article décrit la façon dont les recherches ont été exploitées à partir des trois projets Alvey pour produire la méthodologie ICL “du Marketing à la Conception”. Cette méthodologie incorpore des facteurs humains dans la spécification et la conception du produit, permettant aux équipes de conception de développer des produits qui sont plus petits, plus concentrés et donc plus acceptables pour leurs utilisateurs. ICL applique la méthodologie à une série de cinq ateliers, supportée par l’utilisation de manuels dans l’atelier et sur le lieu de travail. La méthodologie “du Marketing à la Conception” représente donc l’une des exploitations pratiques les plus considérables acquises dans la recherche aux facteurs humaine entrepris au travers du parrainage du programme Alvey. M. H. O'Docherty, P. J. Crowther, C. N. Daskalakis, C. A. Gobie, M. A. Ireton, S. Kay et C. S. Xydeas Multimedia Information Systems Research Group (Groupe de Recherche sur Systèmes d’informations Multimédias), Victoria University of Manchester, UK Progrès dans le Traitement et la Gestion des Informations Multimédias, p. 271. Les systèmes de base de données courants sont efficaces pour le traitement de données simples telles que les attributs numériques ou textuels. Mais ceux-ci ne sont pas bien adaptés aux autres médias sauf pour les systèmes d’archi­ vage utilisant des étiquettes générées manuellement. Au contraire, un Système d’informations Multimédias est destiné à traiter tous les types de données électroniques d’une manière uniforme. Des exemples de données multimédias sont le texte, les images et la voix. De nombreuses applications de traitement de l’information sont de nature multimédia mais les technolo­ gies nécessaires à la mise en oeuvre de systèmes multimédias pour de telles applications n’ont commencé à faire leur apparition que récemment. Cet article examine tout d’abord les caractéristiques nécessaires à un système d’informations multimédias idéal. Celles-ci incluent un environnement orien­ té vers l’objet pour traiter les données multimédias, la récupération de toutes les données par contenu utilisant des techniques d’analyse sémantique qui peuvent être adaptées à chaque nouvelle application, un modèle convenable iv ICL Technical Journal November 1990 de données orienteés vers l’objet tel que ODA, une stratégie d’interrogation soigneusement conçue avec des degrés de confiance permettant l’apparie­ ment inexact et enfin des facilités de passage en revue et d’édition vastes. Les prototypes, qui d’une certaine façon répondent à ces objectifs, sont décrits. Leurs limitations sont spécifiées et celles-ci sont suivies par une description du système prototype développé à l’Université de Manchester qui a pour objectif de répondre aux exigences du système idéal. M. B. Morris et I. Cole STC Technology Ltd., London Road, Harlow, Essex, CM 17 9NA, UK Un Survol de Multiworks, p. 288 Cet article offre un simple survol de la fonctionnalité prévue de Multiworks (Poste de travail intégré multimédia) un Projet d’intégration de Technologie (No. 2105) supporté par ESPRIT IL L’objectif de Multiworks consiste à développer un poste de travail pour le professionnel, traitant la voix, le son, les graphiques à 2 et 3 dimensions, la vidéo et le texte. Le but est de fournix aux multimédias comparables à ceux couramment disponibles des facilités pour les médias traditionnels de textes et graphiques. Le projet est élaboré selon une approche par étape pour la conception et le développement, avec des progiciels de travail dédiés à la conception d’une plateforme de configuration minimum, un environnement de programma­ tion multimédia, un environnement d’applications et l’environnement d’utili­ sateur final. Les exigences de l’utilisateur sous la forme de scénarios ont été utilisés pour gérer la configuration et l’intégration des différentes étapes. Tony Drahota International Computers Ltd, Slough, Berks, UK RICHE-Réseau d’information et de Communication Hospitalier Européen (Healthcare Information and Communication Network for Europe).
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