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Document Name Southwestern Region United States Department of Agriculture Apache-Sitgreaves Forest Service National Forests Environmental Assessment Larson Forest Restoration Project Black Mesa Ranger District, Apache-Sitgreaves National Forests Coconino and Navajo Counties, Arizona The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means of communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TTY). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410, or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TTY). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Printed on recycled paper – October 2014 ii Table of Contents Chapter 1 – Introduction ................................................................................................. 4 Background ............................................................................................................................. 4 Existing Condition ................................................................................................................ 7 Desired Condition .............................................................................................................. 10 Purpose and Need for Action ........................................................................................ 11 Proposed Action ................................................................................................................. 12 Apache-Sitgreaves Forest Plan Consistency ......................................................... 12 Decision Framework ......................................................................................................... 12 Public Involvement ............................................................................................................ 12 Response to Comments provided in the Draft EA ........................................... 13 Tribal Contact and Consultation ......................................................................... 13 Issues ............................................................................................................................. 13 Chapter 2 – Description of Alternatives ....................................................................... 14 Alternatives Considered but not Analyzed in Detail .......................................................... 15 Alternatives Considered in Detail ......................................................................................... 16 Alternative 1 – No Action ................................................................................................... 16 Alternative 2 ......................................................................................................................... 16 Alternative 3-Modified ........................................................................................................ 26 Comparison of Alternatives ............................................................................................... 29 Chapter 3 – Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences .................... 31 Cumulative Effects .................................................................................................................. 31 Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences ............................................... 33 Soils and Water Resources .......................................................................................... 33 Range Vegetation .......................................................................................................... 37 Fire and Fuels ................................................................................................................ 37 Forest Vegetation .......................................................................................................... 42 Wildlife ............................................................................................................................. 54 Heritage Resources ....................................................................................................... 94 Recreation, Scenery, Lands, Special Uses, and Special Areas ............................. 97 Air Quality ..................................................................................................................... 101 Transportation .............................................................................................................. 103 Socio-Economics ......................................................................................................... 105 Environmental Justice ................................................................................................. 105 Finding of No Significant Impact ............................................................................. 106 Chapter 4 – Consultation and Coordination .............................................................. 110 References ...................................................................................................................... 113 Appendix A – Forest Plan Ammendment Tables................................................... 14414 Appendix B – Project Design and Best Management Practices ........................... 14422 Appendix C – Monitoring Requirements ............................................................... 14430 Appendix D – Larson Old Tree Implementation Plan .......................................... 14431 Appendix E – Content Analysis……………………………………………………………14442 3 Chapter 1 – Introduction This environmental assessment (EA) complies with the requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969, Federal Regulations found in 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Chapter V, and the 36 CFR 218 objection regulations. This document summarizes environmental effects of the proposed action. The project is proposed on National Forest System lands within the Black Mesa Ranger District of the Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest (ASNFs). This project is authorized under the objection process for Non-Healthy Forest Restoration (HFRA) projects and will therefore be subject to the objection procedure at 36 CFR 218, in lieu of the appeal procedure at 36 CFR 215. This process encourages early and continued public participation in the planning process prior to the decision being made. This is not a decision document. Instead, it presents evidence and analysis necessary to determine whether the consequences of the proposed action and alternatives have “significant” effects on the human environment and therefore, whether an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) is necessary. Upon determination, the Responsible Official, Forest Supervisor, would make a decision to implement the proposed action, an alternative, or a modification, which would include design criteria for implementation. A project record containing documentation to support the findings in this document is located at the District office in Overgaard, Arizona. Location The project area is located on the southern edge of the Colorado Plateau along the Mogollon Rim, adjacent to the community of Forest Lakes, Arizona. The project is bounded on the north by Chevelon canyon, to the south is Forest Lakes estates and highway 260, Smith Ridge Rd (FSR 178) is the eastern boundary. Legal descriptions include the following (Map 2): T11N, R13.5E, Sec. 13 & 24 T11N, R14E, Sec. 1-13, 15-22, 28-30, and 33 T11N, R15E, Sec. 5-8, and 17-20 T12N, R14E, Sec. 1, 11-16, 21-29, and 31-36 T12N, R15E, Sec. 5-9, 15-22, and 28-30 Background The vegetation communities in the area are comprised mostly of ponderosa pine with small pockets of aspen, Gambel oak, and components of dry mixed conifer. There is indication of past forest management practices in part of these units with several units exhibiting evidence of two or more entries. Previous treatments appear to consist of thinning, timber harvest, and prescribed burning. The Larson project area is part of a frequent fire ecological system where surface fire burned across the entire landscape on a frequent (1 – 10) year interval. These fires resulted in a more open landscape, with groups of trees surrounded by openings containing grasses, forbs, and shrubs. The overly-dense forests in the Larson project area are currently at risk to high severity, stand-replacing wildfire as a result of the increased tree densities. Additionally, forest stand conditions have decreased resilience to insect and disease outbreaks. 4 Map 1 – Vicinity Map – Larson Restoration Project 5 Map 2 – Location Map – Larson Restoration Project 6 Existing Condition The Larson project area ranges in elevation from approximately 7,821 feet in the south along Larson Ridge to approx. 6,500 feet in the north in Wildcat Canyon. Average annual precipitation ranges from approximately 37 inches at the higher elevations to 30 inches at the lowest elevations. Vegetation types range from mixed conifer to ponderosa pine forest. The
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