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Myxomycetes from Erzurum, Bayburt and Gümüflhane Provinces (Turkey)

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Myxomycetes from Erzurum, Bayburt and Gümüflhane Provinces (Turkey) TurkJBot 27(2003)223-226 ©TÜB‹TAK ResearchNote MyxomycetesfromErzurum,BayburtandGümüflhaneProvinces (Turkey) ‹jlalOCAK,‹smetHASENEKO⁄LU AtatürkUniversity,Kaz›mKarabekirEducationFaculty,DepartmentofBiologyEducation,Erzurum-TURKEY Received:30.07.2002 Accepted:18.11.2002 Abstract: ThemyxomycetefloraofErzurum,BayburtandGümüflhaneprovinceswasinvestigated.Thirty-onemyxomycetespecies wereisolatedinmoistchamberculture. Liceatuberculata G.W.Martin,Physarumleucopus LinkandDidymiumcrustaceum Fr.are newrecordsforTurkey. KeyWords: myxomycetes,flora,newrecords,Turkey Erzurum,BayburtveGümüflhane’ninMyxomycetes’leri Özet: Buçal›flmadaErzurum,BayburtveGümüflhaneillerininmyxomycetesfloras›araflt›r›lm›flt›r.Nemliodakültüründen31 myxomycetestürüizoleedilmifltir.Liceatuberculata G.W.Martin,Physarumleucopus LinkveDidymiumcrustaceum Fr.Türkiyeiçin yenikay›tlard›r. AnahtarSözcükler: myxomycetes,flora,yenikay›tlar,Türkiye Introduction andbiophysicists.Theyarealsoidealtoolsfor Trueslimemolds,ormyxomycetes,areprotists.They experimentalstudiessuchasthemitoticcycle, occurinmoistplaces,feedonmicro-organisms,andhave morphogenesis,thechemicalchangesthatgovern anumberofuniquebiologicalfeatures.Myxomycetesare reproduction,agingandavarietyofotherquestions cosmopolitanandcanbefoundinavarietyofdifferent challengingscientists(Therrien,1966;Aldrich,1967; habitats.Theyaremostcommoninmoisttemperate Aldrich&Mims,1970;Mims,1972;Collinsetal.,1978; forests;however,theyarealsofoundintropicalforests, Morita&Nishi,1993;Smith,1994). grasslands,alpineregions,theArcticandAntarcticand MyxomycetesfromTurkeywerefirstextensively evenindeserts.Whilesomespeciesareverywidely publishedbyHarkonen&Uotila(1983),Harkonen distributed,othersarerestrictedtocertainhabitats,or (1987)andLado(1994).Sofar,however,only133 extremesubstratessuchasdungandcacti(Alexopouloset specieshavebeenreportedinTurkey(Ergül&Dülger, al.,1996;Stephenson&Stempen,2000). 2000;2002a;2002b).Thus,themyxomycetefloraof Inadditiontosubstrates,moistureandtemperature Erzurum,BayburtandGümüflhaneprovinceshasnot arealsoimportantformyxomycetes.Thereare beeninvestigatedatpresent.Inthisstudy,weperformed myxomycetefructificationsthroughouttheyearinsome floristicresearchtouncovermyxomycetesfoundinthese northerntemperateregions.However,notallspecies ratherunsuitableenvironmentsformyxomycetegrowth. maybefoundatalltimes.Somearemoreabundantin Descriptionoftheresearcharea spring,someinthemiddleofsummerandothersinearly TheresearchareasareErzurum,Bayburtand autumn(Alexopoulosetal.,1996). Gümüflhaneprovinces.In1999and2000,several Myxomyceteshaveprovedtobevaluableexperimental excursionsinvariousmonthsweremadetotheabove organisms,notonlyformycologists,butalsofor provincesandsampleswerecollected. cytologists,geneticists,molecularbiologists,biochemists 223 MyxomycetesfromErzurum,BayburtandGümüflhaneProvinces(Turkey) ErzurumisineasternAnatolia,whichhasaharsh- ResultsandDiscussion continentalclimate.Itsaveragetemperatureover42 Sampleswerecollectedfrom27locationsonnine yearsis6ºC.Inthisprovince,temperaturesdonotfall tripstoErzurum,BayburtandGümüflhaneondifferent belowzerofromApriltoNovember,butfromDecember datesandtheywereexaminedinthelaboratory. toMarchtheyusuallydo.Theannualrainfallis447.4mm Asaresultofdeterminationsofmyxomycetes,which (Do¤anayetal.,1998). grewinmoistchamberculture,31specieswereisolated. ThemajorityoflandaroundErzurumisinnatural Thespecieslistandnumberofsamples,localitiesand steppeareas.Grasslandsaredamagedbecauseof substratesareshowninTable1. excessivegrazing.Only7%ofthewholelandareaof Afairlygoodflorawasfoundinthestudyareadespite Erzurumiscoveredwithforest(Do¤anayetal.,1998). climaticdifficultiesandgeographicconditions. ThecityofBayburtisintheBayburtvalleyatan Becauseoftheclimaticconditionsandrelatively altitudeof1400-1700m.TheclimateintheBayburt shorterfructificationtime,nomyxomycetes,withfruiting valleyanditssurroundingshascontinentalcharacteristics. bodies,werecollectedfromnaturalhabitatsinErzurum, Itsannualaveragetemperatureis7ºCanditsannual BayburtorGümüflhaneprovinces. rainfallis434mm.Thedominantvegetationissteppe, excludingsmallforestscomposedofpine,oakandjuniper TherearesomespeciesrestrictedtoErzurum;theyare LiceatuberculataG.W.Martin,Liceatenera E.Jahn,Trichia trees(Yaz›c›,1995). decipiens (Pers.)T.Macbr., T.botrytis (J.F.Gmel.)Pers. TheannualaveragetemperatureinGümüflhaneand Physarumauriscalpium Cooke,P.cinereum (Batsch)Pers., itssurroundingsis10ºC,anditsclimatehas P.leucopus Link,P.pusillum(Berk&M.A.Curtis)G.Lister, characteristicsbetweentheeasternAnatoliaandeastern Didymiumcrustaceum Fr., D.squamulosum (Alb.& BlackSearegionclimates.Thegeneralvegetationis Schwein)Fr.and Comatrichalurida Lister.Thesespecies steppefromthevalleybasintohigherlands,exceptfor weregenerallyfoundonthebarkandrottenlogsof cultivatedfields.Onhigherlands,forestscomposedof Populus L.sp., Salix L.sp. Liceatuberculata (onpiecesof pine,juniper,oakandfirareseen(Özey,1991). twig), Trichiadecipiens (onmixedlitter). Physarum leucopusandPhysarumpusillum (onbarkofPopulus sp.), Didymiumcrustaceum (litterunderRosacaninaL.)and Methods Comatrichalurida (onbarkofSalix sp.)areobservedonly Thesampleswerecollectedinasystematicmanner insinglesamples(Table1).Thespeciesseenonlyin fromcollectionlocalities,chosenrandomlyfromthe GümüflhaneandBayburtprovincesare Liceacastanea provinces.However,theyweredistributedratherequally G.Lister,Liceadenudescens H.W.Keller&T.E.Brooks(on amongvariousaltitudes,throughoutroadsides, barkof Salix sp.),Arcyriacinerea (Bull.)Pers., A.nutans woodlandsandsteppeareas. (Bull.)Grev.,A.versicolor W.Pill.Badhamiapanicea (Fries) Duringthevisitstotheaboveregions,thebarkand Rostaf(onbarkofPopulus sp.),B.foliicola Lister(onbark ofPopulus sp.andSalix sp.),Stemonitishyperopta Meyl., woodofdecayingstumps,thebarkoflivingtrees, Comatrichanigra (Pers.)Schroetand Enerthenema decayingleaves,piecesoffallentwigs,thehumuslayeron papillatum (Pers.)Rostaf.(onbarkof Pinussylvestris L.). thesoil,anddecayingneedlesandconeswerecollected Thesespecieswerealsoobservedonlyinsinglesamples andputinmoistchamberculturesothatmyxomycetes exceptforB.foliicola (Table1). couldgrow(Martin&Alexopoulos,1969;Lakhanpal& Mukerji,1981). Thesubstratesonwhichmyxomyceteswerefound, arevarious.Weobservedthatmyxomycetesgrow Asmountingmedium,Amman’slactophenol,Hoyer’s, especiallyonthebarksofpines,poplarsandwillows. Hantsch’sfluid,KOH3%solutionandwaterwereused. Besidesthese,fructificationswerefoundonthebarkof Thesampleswerepreservedinthefirstthreemedia variousfruittrees,fallenleaves,cones,piecesoftwig, withoutchanginganyoftheirphysiologicalproperties andhumusmasses.Thisisanormaloccurrencealsoseen (Farr,1981;Martinetal.,1983). intheliterature(Harkonen&Ukkola,2000;Stephenson 1988). 224 ‹.OCAK,‹.HASENEKO⁄LU Table1. Thespeciesofmyxomycetesintheresearcharea,theirsamplenumber,localities,andsubstrates. taxa sn localities substrates Arcyriacinerea (Bull.)Pers. 1 1f barkc A.nutans (Bull.)Grev. 1 1a barkc A.pomiformis (Leers)Rostaf. 3 1a,2d,2f barkc,litterc A.versicolor W.Phill. 1 1a barkc Badhamiafoliicola Lister 2 1c,1d barkd,wood B.macrocarpa (Ces.)Rostaf. 3 1c,2e barkd B.panicea (Fries)Rostaf. 1 1d barkd Badhamiopsisainoae (Yamash.)T.E.Brooks&H.W.Keller 4 1b,1c,2e,2g barkd Comatrichalurida Lister 1 2e barkd C.nigra (Pers.)Schroet. 1 1a barkc Dictydiumcancellatum (Batsch.)T.Macbr. 5 1c,2d,2e,2f barkc,barkd,litterm,wood Didymiumcrustaceum Fr. 1 2b litterd D.quitense (Pat.)Torrend 9 1b,1c,2e,2g litterd D.squamulosum (Alb.&Schwein.)Fr. 2 2e litterd Echinosteliumminutum deBary 3 1a,1d,2f litterc,litterm Enerthenemapapillatum (Pers.)Rostaf. 1 1a barkc Liceacastanea G.Lister 1 1b barkd L.denudescens H.W.Keller&T.E.Brooks 1 1b barkd L.tenera E.Jahn 2 2e barkd L.tuberculata G.W.Martin 1 2e litterm Perichaenacorticalis (Batsch)Rostaf. 3 1b,1c,2g barkd P.vermicularis (Schwein.)Rostaf. 2 1b,2g barkd Physarumauriscalpium Cooke 3 2e barkd,litterd P.cinereum (Batsch)Pers. 5 2e barkd,wood P.leucopheum Fr. 2 1b,2e barkd P.leucopus Link 1 2e barkd P.notabile T.Macbr. 6 1b,2a,2b,2c,2e barkd,litterd P.pusillum (Berk.&M.A.Curtis)G.Lister 1 2g barkd Stemonitishyperopta Meyl. 1 1a barkc Trichiabotrytis (J.F.Gmel.)Pers. 2 2d,2f barkc,litterc T.decipiens (Pers.)T.Macbr. 1 2f litterm Abbreviations: sn=samplenumberbarkc=coniferousbark;barkd=deciduousbark;litterc=coniferouslitter;litterd=de ciduouslitter;litter m=mixedlitter,needle,cone,fallenbroadleaves;wood=coniferouswoodordeciduouswood. 1. GümüflhaneandBayburtprovinces. a. Trabzon-Gümüflhaneroad,Gümüflhaneprovinceborder,b.GümüflhaneAkçakaledistrictc.Gümüflhane,Akçahisard. Gümüflhane-BayburtroadBayburtprovinceborder. 2. Erzurumprovince. a. Pasinlerdistrict,PorsukGöletisurroundings,b.Çatdistrict,districtcentre,c.Karayaz›district,d.Oltudistrict,Oltu Forest,e. OlurdistrictTafll›çayvillage,f.fienkayadistrict,fienkayaForest,g.Bayburt-Aflkaleroad,about6kmfromAflkale. 225 MyxomycetesfromErzurum,BayburtandGümüflhaneProvinces(Turkey) Dictydiumcancellatum (Batsch.)T.Mabr.grewon barksaremoreacidicthanbroad-leavedtreesbarks almosteverysubstrate.Ontheotherhand,rarespecies (Stephenson&Stempen,2000). suchas Arcyriacinerea , Physarumpusillum and Inconclusion,thereisafairlyrichmyxomyceteflorain Didymiumcrustaceum wereonlyfoundoncertain ourresearcharea.Thespeciesobtainedinourstudyare substrates(Table1).Weobservedthatthespeciesof similartothoseobtainedfromsimilarenvironmentsin Didymium Schrad.growonleaflitter.Althoughthis differentpartsoftheworld.Therearesomenewrecords species-substraterelationisregardedasareflectionof forTurkey.Theseare Liceatuberculata , Physarum ecologicalandphysiologicalcharacteristics,thesespecies
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