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Democratic Republic of Congo Food Security Outlook Report June 2018

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Democratic Republic of Congo Food Security Outlook Report June 2018 DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO June 2018 to January 2019 Food Security Outlook A concerning food insecurity situation due to multiple conflicts and climate hazards KEY MESSAGES Current food security outcomes, June 2018 • The activity of armed groups, ongoing military operations and intercommunity violence in North Kivu, Tanganyika, Kasaï Central and Ituri are resulting in continued population displacement and, in turn, populations struggling to make a living. At present, there are 772,052 Congolese refugees in neighboring countries – of these, 104,351 arrived in the first five months of 2018. This is in addition to the 4.49 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) throughout the country. • June marks the beginning of the season B harvest of the main food products in the northeast and central east of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Given the irregular rainfall recorded during the season and the latest population displacements from crisis zones, current harvests are thought to be below average, and stocks are low. • On account of the relatively low level of stocks following the conflicts and flooding in production areas, less food Source: FEWS NET products will be available on the market and prices could FEWS NET classification is IPC-compatible. IPC-compatible analysis follows key IPC rise during the lean season, which will arrive early (at the protocols but does not necessarily reflect the consensus of national food security beginning of August). The volume of imports from partners. neighboring countries during this period will be decisive. SEASONAL CALENDAR FOR A TYPICAL YEAR Source: FEWS NET FEWS NET DRC FEWS NET is a USAID-funded activity. The content of this report does not [email protected] necessarily reflect the view of the United States Agency for International www.fews.net/drc Development or the United States Government. DRC Food Security Outlook June 2018 to January 2019 NATIONAL OVERVIEW Current Situation Security: The humanitarian crisis in the DRC, one of the most Projected food security outcomes, June to September 2018 complex crises in the world, remains worrying: from clashes between armed groups and government forces to conflicts between communities throughout the country. The situation is getting worse and spreading to areas that were once considered stable, jeopardizing populations’ livelihoods and gradually exhausting their coping mechanisms, especially among populations that had already been affected. For example, in Djugu territory, Ituri province, ongoing conflict between the Hema and Lendu ethnic groups has led to wave after wave of people fleeing the violence in search of refuge in neighboring countries. Population displacement: By May 2018, 772,052 Congolese people fleeing danger had found refuge in neighboring countries, mainly in Uganda, Burundi and Zambia. Uganda alone has received just over a third of these refugees (285,000 people), with 104,000 having arrived since January 2018. Source: FEWS NET Projected food security outcomes, October 2018 to January Within the DRC, there are around 4.5 million IDPs and 541,702 2019 refugees from neighboring countries. At least 13.1 million people (including 7.7 million children) are in need of humanitarian assistance and protection, equating to almost 14 percent of the population. The DRC recently became the African country most affected by population displacement, with 1.7 million new IDPs in 2017, bringing the total number of IDPs in the country to 4.5 million (as at 30 May 2018). Irregular rainfall: Since the beginning of March, there has been heavy, above-average rainfall in the eastern part of the country, where the North Kivu, South Kivu and Tanganyika provinces have seen their crops flooded and road infrastructure destroyed. Nevertheless, Ituri experienced delayed season A rainfall between October 2017 and March 2018. This irregular rainfall has had a significant impact on agricultural production. In the rest of the country, rainfall has been fairly good. Source: FEWS NET Agricultural production: FEWS NET classification is IPC-compatible. IPC-compatible analysis follows key IPC protocols but does not necessarily reflect the consensus of national food security The available data show that agricultural production during partners. season A was relatively good in comparison with the previous growing season. For instance, there was a relative increase in overall maize and bean production in Rutshuru territory, although it was still lower than normal. Pests: In the far north of the DRC in Aru territory, Ituri province, the variegated grasshopper (Zonocerus variegatus), first spotted in March 2015, is still causing significant crop damage, especially to cassava and maize. Resources in this area are already squeezed due to the presence of almost 15,000 refugees from South Sudan. Famine Early Warning Systems Network 2 DRC Food Security Outlook June 2018 to January 2019 The presence of fall armyworm has also been confirmed Figure 1. Internal and external displacement throughout the country and is continuing to cause crop damage, especially to maize. A study is under way to investigate the impact of this pest on the crops it attacks, in order to anticipate how it will affect households’ food security. Furthermore, there are recurrent crop diseases (such as banana bacterial wilt and cassava brown streak virus) caused by farming households continuing to use seeds taken from infected plants for new seedlings. Every year, this results in a drop in production. Humanitarian assistance: This is mainly provided by United Nations organizations – namely the World Food Programme (WFP), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) – and national and international nongovernmental organizations working with the Government. The level of humanitarian assistance remains low overall – covering between 10 and 20 percent of requirements Source: FEWS NET/UNCR/OCHA (according to UNHCR) – and it is still most concentrated in the central east and north of the DRC, where armed and tribal conflicts have led to renewed hostilities and a large number of displaced persons and refugees, as explained above. Food markets and prices: The price of foodstuffs fell slightly in May 2018 in the various markets that were monitored. The price of corn flour fell by 7 percent in the Lubumbashi markets between April and May. In the same period, cassava flour prices remained stable in the markets of Goma, Bukavu, Kalemie, Kabalo and Uvira. A price comparison between April and May 2018 shows a downward trend, but more stable corn flour prices in all the markets monitored (Lubumbashi, Goma, Bukavu, Kalemie, Kabalo and Uvira). Compared with the same period last year, the price of corn flour was rising in May 2018 in the markets of Bukavu (12 percent), Kabalo (25 percent) and Kalemie (72 percent). However, the price had fallen by more than 60 percent in the Lubumbashi market during the same period. During the same comparison period, the price of cassava flour fell in the Bukavu and Lubumbashi markets, while in Kalemie the upward trend continued (at 43 percent), and in Kabalo and Uvira prices remained unchanged. Compared with the five-year average, corn flour and cassava flour prices were on the rise in May 2018 in all the markets monitored, apart from the Lubumbashi markets, where they dropped by more than 23 percent. Assumptions The most likely scenario for June 2018 to January 2019 is based on the following assumptions at the national level: Agricultural production • Rainfall: The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) agroclimatic forecasts are predicting that rainfall will return to normal in the central east and southeast of the DRC from June 2018. Average rainfall is expected during season A 2018–2019, which should allow households to have a normal growing season, apart from in some areas of North Kivu (Rutshuru, Beni and Lubero), where above-average rainfall is forecast and there is a risk of flooding. • Crop diseases: In light of recurrent crop diseases caused by farming households continuing to use seeds taken from infected plants for new seedlings, it is likely that banana bacterial wilt and cassava brown streak virus disease will continue spreading and affecting crop production. Their impact will increase with each growing season. Famine Early Warning Systems Network 3 DRC Food Security Outlook June 2018 to January 2019 • Crop pests: Since 2016, the variegated grasshopper has been Figure 2. Likelihood of rain, June to August 2018 continuing, unchecked, to devastate a range of crops in Aru territory, Ituri province, and is advancing toward other territories in Ituri. It is therefore highly likely that during growing season A, this insect will gain ground, impacting the yield of the main crops, such as cassava, maize and rice. Although armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) has been attacking the maize crop for several growing seasons, there is no strategy to tackle the problem nor any support for implementing an adequate response plan at the smallholder level. • Growing season A: It is very likely that growing season A 2018– 2019 (beginning in September 2018) will see a large-scale armyworm attack, since such a plan has still not been implemented at the country level. • Market supply: As the export restrictions on maize from Zambia Source: NOAA/NMME have been lifted, imports of Zambian maize are expected to be above average and given the season B harvests that are under way Figure 3. Likelihood of rain, July to September 2018 in several parts of the DRC, it is likely that trade will remain stable in the areas that are only slightly affected by population displacement, such as the former Katanga province. • Food prices: Although season B harvests are below average in several territories in the eastern part of the country, some food products should be available on the markets in the southeastern and northeastern parts during the first two months of the first scenario period (June to July 2018).
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