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Mammal and Avifaunal Study for Feronia, Boteka Oil Palm Plantation, DRC High Conservation Value Assessment

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Mammal and Avifaunal Study for Feronia, Boteka Oil Palm Plantation, DRC High Conservation Value Assessment Mammal and Avifaunal Study for Feronia, Boteka oil palm Plantation, DRC High Conservation Value Assessment Project Number: CDC2950 Prepared for: Feronia PHC June 2015 _______________________________________________________________________________________ Digby Wells and Associates (International) Limited (Subsidiary of Digby Wells & Associates (Pty) Ltd). Co. Reg. No. 07264148. Henwood House, Henwood, Ashford, Kent, TN24 8DH, United Kingdom Tel: +44 123 363 1062, Fax: +44 123 361 9270, [email protected], www.digbywells.com _______________________________________________________________________________________ Directors: AJ Reynolds, GE Trusler (C.E.O) (South African) _______________________________________________________________________________________ This document has been prepared by Digby Wells Environmental. Report Type: High Conservation Value Assessment Mammal and Avifaunal Study for Feronia, Boteka Oil palm Project Name: Plantation, DRC Project Code: CDC2950 Name Responsibility Signature Date Phil Patton Report Writer April 2015 (Pr.Sci.Nat) Rudi Greffrath Report Review April 2015 (Cert.Sci. Nat) Marion Thomas Report Review May 2015 This report is provided solely for the purposes set out in it and may not, in whole or in part, be used for any other purpose without Digby Wells Environmental prior written consent. Digby Wells Environmental i High Conservation Value Assessment Mammal and Avifaunal Study for Feronia, Boteka Oil palm Plantation, DRC CDC2950 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Digby Wells Environmental (Digby Wells) has been requested by Feronia PHC (Feronia) to assess its High Conservation Value (HCV) areas within its Boteka Concession. This report focuses on the results from the Avifaunal and Mammal Survey conducted in Febuary 2015. The approach is based on a specialist conducting a site visit to the area in question in order to identify the receiving environment and bird and mammal species, and in doing so assist in determining the likelihood of Critical Habitat and areas of High Conservation Value occurring within that specific area. The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has a surface area of 2,345,410 km²; making it the third largest country in Africa, and with diverse habitats the country has the highest bird count on the Continent. The majority of the country lies in the Congo basin, the ‘cuvette centrale’, a vast depression just 300 m above sea-level and by far the largest drainage basin in Africa. The protection of biodiversity cannot be viewed as simply the protection of individual species of conservation concern. Effective preservation of biodiversity must focus on the full range of species and habitats, as well as the ecological and evolutionary processes that allow biodiversity to persist over time. Animals cannot survive in the absence of their preferred habitats, nor can species or habitats survive in the absence of the ecological processes which sustain them. Therefore, the approach followed in this study was to identify different habitat types and use these as surrogates to assess the suitability of the habitat for various species. The approach followed is therefore an “ecosystem approach”. The Boteka Oil Palm Plantation (Boteka) lies in north-western DRC, within the Equateur Province. The area lies within the Central Congolian Lowland Forest, a remote and generally inaccessible area of low-lying dense wet forest and swamp in the Cuvette Centrale region of the Congo Basin). Boteka Oil Palm Plantation is located on the southern bank of the Momboyo River, a tributary of the Ruki River. The project area covers approximately 13,542 hectares (Ha). Avifauna and Mammals have been viewed as good ecological indicators, since their presence or absence tends to represent conditions pertaining to the proper functioning of an ecosystem. Bird communities and their ecological condition are linked to land cover. As the land cover of an area changes, so do the types of birds in that area (Bird Community Index, 2007). Land cover is directly linked to habitats within the study area. The diversity of these habitats, which includes open water and riparian systems, swamp, secondary and dense natural forests as well as modified areas including oil palm plantations, will give rise to many different species. A number of these species will have their currently recorded (and published) distribution ranges extended. This survey report presents an overview of the species diversity of both avifauna and mammals that are likely to occur, and that have been observed and identified within the Digby Wells Environmental ii High Conservation Value Assessment Mammal and Avifaunal Study for Feronia, Boteka Oil palm Plantation, DRC CDC2950 Boteka Concession. The results of which will be utilised in the High Conservation Value (HCV) assessment which will incorporate the broader ecological status, the vegetation, herpetology and the aquatic ecology of the concession. Digby Wells Environmental iii High Conservation Value Assessment Mammal and Avifaunal Study for Feronia, Boteka Oil palm Plantation, DRC CDC2950 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Expertise of Specialist ............................................................................................. 1 2 Study Area ........................................................................................................................ 2 Geography........................................................................................................ 2 Climate ............................................................................................................. 4 3 Methodology...................................................................................................................... 4 3.1 Desktop Studies ...................................................................................................... 4 3.2 Field Survey ............................................................................................................ 5 Mammals .......................................................................................................... 5 Birds ................................................................................................................. 6 Red Data faunal assessment ............................................................................ 6 4 Study Limitations ............................................................................................................... 7 5 Findings ............................................................................................................................. 7 5.1 Mammals................................................................................................................. 7 5.2 Species of Special Concern .................................................................................... 8 Bushmeat and hunting ...................................................................................... 9 5.3 Birds ...................................................................................................................... 16 Habitat and Ecology ....................................................................................... 16 Species Richness ........................................................................................... 16 5.4 Field Survey .......................................................................................................... 17 Mammals ........................................................................................................ 17 Birds ............................................................................................................... 22 Distribution changes ....................................................................................... 28 5.5 Habitat Types and Associated Species ................................................................. 33 Forest Habitat ................................................................................................. 33 Riverine Forest, Reedbeds, River bank and Open Water ............................... 35 Plantations and modified Habitat .................................................................... 37 6 Discussion and Recommendations ................................................................................. 39 Digby Wells Environmental iv High Conservation Value Assessment Mammal and Avifaunal Study for Feronia, Boteka Oil palm Plantation, DRC CDC2950 7 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 40 8 References ...................................................................................................................... 41 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Boteka Oil palm Concession, Democratic Republic of Congo ................................ 3 Figure 2: Motion sensitive nigh cameras were deployed in the Boteka Concession .............. 6 Figure 3: A) Black-billed Turaco (Philantomba maxwellii), B) African Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus), C) Straw-coloured fruit bat (Eidolon helvum), D) Great Blue Turaco (Corythaeola cristata), E) Wolfs Monkey (Cercopithecus wolfi), F) Red-tailed Monkey (Cercopithecus ascanius) ............................................................................................................................ 12 Figure 4: A) Marsh Mongoose (Potamogale velox) and B) Congo Clawless Otter (Aonyx capensis), C) African
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