DOCSLIB.ORG

Cuttlefish Biology Geetha Sasikumar Sr

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cuttlefish Biology Geetha Sasikumar Sr Cuttlefish biology Geetha Sasikumar Sr. Scientist, Molluscan Fisheries Division CMFRI Research Centre, Mangalore P.B. 244, Mangalore, Karnataka-575 001 The Class Cephalopoda comprising of squids, cuttlefishes and octopus includes the largest known living invertebrates within the animal Kingdom. Cephalopods have well developed head and a body consisting of a muscular mantle and mantle cavity. Head bears circumoral appendages (arms, tentacles), a feature that reflects the origin of the name ‘Cephalopoda’, which is derived from the union of the two Greek words: ‘kefale’, head, and ‘pous’, feet. These soft-bodied bilaterally symmetrical groups are commercially important fishery resources occurring in all marine habitats in depth ranging from intertidal to over 5,000 m. Salinity is considered as the limiting factor restricting their distribution between 27 and 37 psu, with few exceptions. The cuttlefishes belonging to the family Sepiidae are of significant commercial value to artisanal and industrial fisheries. Cuttlefishes are primarily bottom-dwellers over a range of habitats, including rocky, sandy, and muddy substrates, seagrass, seaweed and coral reefs. They are slower swimmers than the more streamlined squids. Cuttlefishes are able to attain neutral buoyancy by regulating the relative amounts of gas and fluid in the chambers of the cuttlebone, and they are able to hover in midwater, with fins acting as stabilizers. Large species such as Sepia latimanus, S. officinalis and S. pharaonis are restricted to much shallower depths and show very different septal spacing and sutures than the deeper water species. Some species migrate seasonally in response to temperature changes and aggregate, usually in shallow water, at spawning time. Cuttlefishes have broad sac-like bodies with lateral fins that are narrow and extend along the length of the mantle; posterior lobes of the fins free (subterminal) and separated by the posterior end of the mantle; 10 circumoral appendages, the longest 2 (tentacles) are retractile into pockets on the ventrolateral sides of the head; the 8 remaining arms frequently with 4 series of stalked suckers with chitinous rings; eyes are covered with a transparent membrane and eyelids are present. They are characterized by the presence of a dorsally placed internal calcareous shell known as the cuttlebone, which is a finely chambered shell, thick, and chalky. 1 Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute | R.C. Mangalore Basic cuttlefish features (Reid et al., 2005) Mantle: The multifunctional mantle cavity is important for cuttlefish locomotion, giving the animal its characteristic jet propulsion ability. To move away from a predator, the cuttlefish sucks water into the mantle cavity and then uses its strong mantle muscles to expel water with great force, forcing the cuttlefish in the opposite direction. Water exits through a movable part called the funnel, which controls the angle of the spray. The mantle cavity also aids in respiration by bringing water to the animal's gills, which in turn filter oxygen into its bloodstream. Fin: While the cuttlefish uses its mantle cavity for jet propulsion, it relies on its specialized fins for basic mobility and maintaining consistent speeds. The muscular fin can manoeuvre the cuttlefish in nearly any direction: backward, forward, even in circles, with such movement being more energetically efficient than jetting. Gills, Hearts and Blood: The cuttlefish has three hearts, with two hearts pumping blood to its large gills and one circulating the oxygenated blood to the rest of its body. The blood itself is blue-green in colour because of hemocyanin, a copper-containing protein that transports oxygen throughout their bodies. Reproduction: Gonads form a single mass at the posterior end of the mantle cavity. Reproductive systems are highly complex structures with ducts, glands and storage organs. In males, the sperms are produced in the testis located in the posterior end of the mantle, which are then picked by the ciliated funnel of the vas deferens that joins the multi-unit spermatophoric organ. While passing through this organ the sperm are formed into a spiral mass and coated with the various membranes and tunics to form the spermatophores (sperm packets). The vas efferens takes the fully mature spermatophores and transfer them one at a time into the spermatophoric sac or the Needham’s sac and stored until copulation. Female reproductive system consist of a single 2 Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute | R.C. Mangalore ovary, the single oviduct having thin walled as well as glandular portions, the paired nidamental glands and the paired accessory nidamental glands. Once shed, the ova pass into the funnel in the oviduct, where they are stored in the proximal thin walled portion of the oviduct until mating and egg laying. The ova in the more posterior-dorsal ovary are opaque when immature and less clear when still surrounded by the follicular epithelium. From the thin-walled lightly muscular, proximal portion of the oviduct, the eggs are passed during laying through an opaque glandular portion of the oviduct on the left side of the mantle, where they are coated with a layer of egg jelly. The oviducal gland is connected to two large nidamental glands, which contains thick white gelatinous material which is used to embed each ovum into an individual protective capsule. The cuttlefish ovary grows rapidly during sexual maturation. The eggs growing in the same string of germinal epithelium in ovary grow at different rates and vary considerably in size. All eggs in the ovary will not reach maturity at the same time due to the limitation in the physical capacity of the ovary. Therefore the mature eggs in cuttlefish are spawned in different batches. During mating, the male uses a modified arm, the hectocotylized arm, to transfer the spermatophores into the female's buccal area. The spermatophores are stored in the buccal area until fertilization of the eggs. When the female is ready to deposit the eggs in protected areas under rocks or in discarded shells, the female uses the arms to wipe the stored spermatophores onto each egg. Cuttlefish eggs are individually enclosed in a tough protective external coating, often pigmented black from the ink-sac secretions. These egg clusters are attached to rocky crevices and disguised among many encrusting organisms. Food and Feeding: All cuttlefish are active carnivores feeding on live prey during their entire life cycle. They are opportunistic feeders, switching easily from one prey to another. Preferred diet of cuttlefish is crabs and fish; they feed on small shrimp soon after hatching. They use their camouflage to hunt their prey. They swim at the bottom, where shrimp and crabs are found and shoot out a jet of water to uncover the prey buried in the sand. Then when the prey are trying to get away, the cuttlefish open their eight arms and shoot out two long feeding tentacles to grab them. The tentacular club suckers grab the prey. The captured prey is brought to the mouth by the arms where it is killed. The dorsal beak or the ‘upper’ beak is inserted within the ‘lower’ (ventral) beak to tear tissue of the prey with a scissors-like cutting action. The gut has spontaneous peristaltic activity. The chopped food passes from the buccal cavity through the oesophagus to the stomach, where most of the digestion takes place. The digestive tract except for glandular area is chitin lined from the buccal mass to the stomach. The cuticular ridges in the stomach aid in grinding food. The food is broken down with enzymes in the stomach from the digestive gland. The stomach may be greatly expandable in size and serve as a storage area until food can be fully processed. Cuttlefishes along Indian coast Species Common name Distribution Sepia pharaonis Pharaoh cuttlefish Indian coast Sepia aculeata Needle cuttlefish Indian coast Sepia elliptica Golden cuttlefish Indian coast Sepia prashadi Hooded cuttlefish Indian coast Sepia brevimana Short-club cuttlefish East coast Sepiella inermis Spineless cuttlefish Indian coast 3 Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute | R.C. Mangalore Technical terms Accessory nidamental : Glands consisting of tubules containing symbiotic bacteria. glands Beak : Two chitinous jaws of cephalopods, bound in powerful muscles. Buccal : Pertaining to the mouth. Buccal connective : Thin muscular band that attaches the buccal support of the buccal membrane to the base of the adjacent arm. The position of attachment of the connective on the fourth arms was recognized in the early twentieth century as an important character for phylogenetic relationships among decapodiformes. Buccal membrane : The muscular membrane that encircles the mouth like an umbrella. It connects to the buccal supports to form the buccal crown. The pigmentation of the buccal membrane often differs from that of the adjacent oral surfaces of the arms. Hectocotylus : One (or more) modified arm in male cephalopods used to transfer spermatophores to the female; modifications may involve suckers, sucker stalks, protective membranes, trabeculae . Ink sac : The structure that manufactures and stores the ink of cephalopods; it lies parallel with the intestine and empties via a duct into the rectum. Mantle cavity : Space enclosed by the mantle. In cephalopods the mantle cavity contains the visceral sac, gills, anus, openings of the gonoducts, nephridial pores and various muscles and septa. Needham’s sac : The elongate, membranous organ of males where completed, (spermatophore/ functional spermatophores are stored. It opens into the mantle cavity spermatophoric sac) – or directly into the water through the penis. Nidamental glands : Large glandular structures in females of most decapods and nautiluses that lie in and open directly into the mantle cavity. The glands are composed of numerous lamellae that are involved in secretion of egg cases or the jelly of egg masses. Oviduct : Female gonoduct(s). The oviduct conducts eggs from the visceropericardial coelom, which encompasses the ovary, to the mantle cavity and often is used to store eggs.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Reproductive Behavior of the Japanese Spineless Cuttlefish Sepiella Japonica
    VENUS 65 (3): 221-228, 2006 Reproductive Behavior of the Japanese Spineless Cuttlefish Sepiella japonica Toshifumi Wada1*, Takeshi Takegaki1, Tohru Mori2 and Yutaka Natsukari1 1Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan 2Marine World Uminonakamichi, 18-28 Saitozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 811-0321, Japan Abstract: The reproductive behavior of the Japanese spineless cuttlefish Sepiella japonica was observed in a tank. The males competed for females before egg-laying and then formed pairs with females. The male then initiated mating by pouncing on the female head, and maintained the male superior head-to-head position during the mating. Before ejaculation, the male moved his right (non-hectocotylized) arm IV under the ventral portion of the female buccal membrane, resulting in the dropping of parts of spermatangia placed there during previous matings. After the sperm removal behavior, the male held spermatophores ejected through his funnel with the base of hectocotylized left arm IV and transferred them to the female buccal area. The spermatophore transfer occurred only once during each mating. The female laid an egg capsule at average intervals of 1.5 min and produced from 36 to more than 408 egg capsules in succession during a single egg-laying bout. Our results also suggested one female produced nearly 200 fertilized eggs without additional mating, implying that the female have potential capacity to store and use active sperm properly. The male continued to guard the spawning female after mating (range=41.8-430.1 min), and repeated matings occurred at an average interval of 70.8 min during the mate guarding.
    [Show full text]
  • Cuttlefish, <I>Sepia</I>
    Marine Science 2015, 5(1): 6-10 DOI: 10.5923/j.ms.20150501.02 Size at First Maturity of Cuttlefish, Sepia latimanus, from North Sulawesi Waters, Indonesia Silvester B. Pratasik1,2,*, Marsoedi3, D. Arfiati3, D. Setyohadi3 1Postgraduate student of Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java 2Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Sam Ratulangi Manado, North Sulawesi 3Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Brawijaya University Malang, East Java Abstract Biological overfishing could occur from either excessive and immature individual exploitation or habitat destruction. This study was aimed to estimate size at first maturity of cuttlefish, Sepia latimanus, collected from North Sulawesi waters. All samples were measured and observed their maturity level. Based on these data, the dorsal mantle length (DML) at first maturity was assessed for minimum legal size determination. Results showed that the cuttlefish samples had maturity level range from immature to post-spawning conditions, while the size at first maturity was estimated as 16 cm DML. Maximum DML was estimated as 55.53 cm and growth coefficient as 0.248. The deviation of mean DML from maximum dorsal length was also considered to see the population condition. Keywords Cuttlefish, Sepia latimanus, Size at first maturity than that maximizing the economic rent (economic 1. Introduction overfishing) [8]. Size at first maturity (lm) or 50% of mature individuals has been taken as reference point of minimum Cuttlefish are one of the high economic value exported legal size to prevent stock depletion. It has been used by fisheries resources, and therefore, they are highly exploited many fisheries managers as management measure of fish in the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Life Sciences, 2018; 6 (3):799-806 Life Sciences ISSN:2320-7817(P) | 2320-964X(O)
    International Journal of Int. J. of Life Sciences, 2018; 6 (3):799-806 Life Sciences ISSN:2320-7817(p) | 2320-964X(o) International Peer Reviewed Open Access Refereed Journal Original Article Open Access Species diversity and basic biology of Cuttlefishes from Maharashtra waters, northwest coast of India Sundaram Sujit1 and Mane Sushant 2 1 Mumbai Research Centre of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, 2nd Floor, C.I.F.E old campus, Fisheries University road, Seven Bunglows, Versova, Mumbai - 400 061, Maharashtra, India. (Retd.) 2 Department of Zoology, Wilson College, Chowpaty, Mumbai-400 007, Maharashtra, India. Email- [email protected] Manuscript details: ABSTRACT Received :11.06.2018 Cuttlefish diversity was studied from Maharashtra waters during the period Accepted : 18.09.2018 January 2000 - December 2017. Eight species were identified and they are Published : 30.09.2018 Sepia pharaonis Ehrenberg, 1831, Sepia aculeata Orbigny, 1848, Sepia elliptica Hoyle, 1885, Sepiella inermis Orbigny, 1848, Sepia prashadi Editor: Dr. Arvind Chavhan Winckworth, 1936, Sepia (Doratosepion) kobiensis Hoyle, 1885, Sepia omani Cite this article as: Adam and Rees, 1966 and Euprymna berryi Sasaki, 1929. The estimated Sundaram Sujit and Mane Sushant annual catch of cuttlefishes by trawlers (all species combined) for the period (2018) Species diversity and basic 2000-2017 from New Ferry Wharf landing centre showed a cyclic trend and biology of Cuttlefishes from the landings ranged from 1360.4 t (2002) to a peak of 3,704.1 t (2012) and Maharashtra waters, northwest the corresponding catch rate ranged from 0.985 kg/hr (2002) to 1.599 coast of India, Int. J.
    [Show full text]
  • An Eocene Orthocone from Antarctica Shows Convergent Evolution of Internally Shelled Cephalopods
    RESEARCH ARTICLE An Eocene orthocone from Antarctica shows convergent evolution of internally shelled cephalopods Larisa A. Doguzhaeva1*, Stefan Bengtson1, Marcelo A. Reguero2, Thomas MoÈrs1 1 Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden, 2 Division Paleontologia de Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, B1900FWA, La Plata, Argentina * [email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract a1111111111 Background The Subclass Coleoidea (Class Cephalopoda) accommodates the diverse present-day OPEN ACCESS internally shelled cephalopod mollusks (Spirula, Sepia and octopuses, squids, Vampyro- teuthis) and also extinct internally shelled cephalopods. Recent Spirula represents a unique Citation: Doguzhaeva LA, Bengtson S, Reguero MA, MoÈrs T (2017) An Eocene orthocone from coleoid retaining shell structures, a narrow marginal siphuncle and globular protoconch that Antarctica shows convergent evolution of internally signify the ancestry of the subclass Coleoidea from the Paleozoic subclass Bactritoidea. shelled cephalopods. PLoS ONE 12(3): e0172169. This hypothesis has been recently supported by newly recorded diverse bactritoid-like doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172169 coleoids from the Carboniferous of the USA, but prior to this study no fossil cephalopod Editor: Geerat J. Vermeij, University of California, indicative of an endochochleate branch with an origin independent from subclass Bactritoi- UNITED STATES dea has been reported. Received: October 10, 2016 Accepted: January 31, 2017 Methodology/Principal findings Published: March 1, 2017 Two orthoconic conchs were recovered from the Early Eocene of Seymour Island at the tip Copyright: © 2017 Doguzhaeva et al. This is an of the Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica. They have loosely mineralized organic-rich chitin- open access article distributed under the terms of compatible microlaminated shell walls and broadly expanded central siphuncles.
    [Show full text]
  • Along the Saudi Arabian Red Sea Coastline Thesis by Gordon Byron
    Phylogenetic Diversity of Cephalopoda (Animalia:Mollusca) Along the Saudi Arabian Red Sea Coastline Thesis by Gordon Byron In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia © December, 2016 Gordon Byron All rights reserved 2 EXAMINATION COMMITTEE PAGE The thesis of Gordon Byron is approved by the examination committee. Committee Chairperson: Michael Berumen Committee Co-Chair: Christian Voolstra Committee Member: Timothy Ravasi 3 ABSTRACT Phylogenetic Diversity of Cephalopoda (Animalia:Mollusca) Along the Saudi Red Sea Coastline Gordon Byron Although the Red Sea presents a unique environment with high temperature and salinity, it remains an area that is understudied. This lack of information is reflected in many areas, one which is biodiversity. Despite increasing work on biodiversity throughout the Red Sea and an increase in Cephalopoda studies, Cephalopoda in the Red Sea remain underrepresented, which is especially pronounced in molecular analyses. Members of the class Cephalopoda are considered to be major contributors to coral reef ecosystems, serving as part of the food chain and exhibiting population increases due to targeted teleost fisheries and global climate change. In order to assess the biodiversity of Cephalopoda in the Saudi Arabian Red Sea, 87 specimens were collected from 25 reef locations between 17°N and 28°N latitude, as well as from the largest fish market in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Taxonomic identification of specimens was determined using morphological comparisons with previously reported species in the Red Sea and the molecular barcoding region Cytochrome Oxidase I. 84 Red Sea sequences were compared with sequences from GenBank and analyzed using a complement of Neighbor- Joining, Maximum-Likelihood, and Bayesian inference trees.
    [Show full text]
  • House Reef Project Report Katerina Bengtsson Kupcik-2009
    Lembeh Resort House Reef Project July 2009 Katerina Bengtsson Kupcik fl[email protected] House reef project status report 2009 This is a write-up of observations of the house reef project based on dives conducted 21-26 July 2009. This is a comparative study to our previous work on the House reef (HSR) during November 2006- April 2008. There are several components to the house reef project, and each of these is discussed separately in the following report. Wreck In December 2007 a 15m long wooden boat was deliberately sunk on the deep flat sand of the HSR (about 24msw). Prior to this the boat was half exposed in the neighbouring village, Pintu Kota Kecil. The wreck is now falling apart. There is not much left of the side planks, these are rotting away. The bow has fallen down altogether. What is remaining is the skeleton of the boat and the rocks piled up inside the wreck, which were used to sink it initially. Schooling fish have been observed on the wreck since the first day of its sinking. Only some of the species found on the wreck have changed from April 2008, when it was last observed by us*. There are now schooling banner butterflyfish, instead of Moorish idols, and snappers instead of sweetlips, but no result can be drawn from this. Smaller gropers (cods) are still present, mostly inside the wreck. There is not much growth on the structure itself, mostly ascidians and no corals, probably because it is quite deep. As in 2008 there is still a layer of silt on the wreck, so no mentionable sediment deposition is noticeable.
    [Show full text]
  • ASFIS ISSCAAP Fish List February 2007 Sorted on Scientific Name
    ASFIS ISSCAAP Fish List Sorted on Scientific Name February 2007 Scientific name English Name French name Spanish Name Code Abalistes stellaris (Bloch & Schneider 1801) Starry triggerfish AJS Abbottina rivularis (Basilewsky 1855) Chinese false gudgeon ABB Ablabys binotatus (Peters 1855) Redskinfish ABW Ablennes hians (Valenciennes 1846) Flat needlefish Orphie plate Agujón sable BAF Aborichthys elongatus Hora 1921 ABE Abralia andamanika Goodrich 1898 BLK Abralia veranyi (Rüppell 1844) Verany's enope squid Encornet de Verany Enoploluria de Verany BLJ Abraliopsis pfefferi (Verany 1837) Pfeffer's enope squid Encornet de Pfeffer Enoploluria de Pfeffer BJF Abramis brama (Linnaeus 1758) Freshwater bream Brème d'eau douce Brema común FBM Abramis spp Freshwater breams nei Brèmes d'eau douce nca Bremas nep FBR Abramites eques (Steindachner 1878) ABQ Abudefduf luridus (Cuvier 1830) Canary damsel AUU Abudefduf saxatilis (Linnaeus 1758) Sergeant-major ABU Abyssobrotula galatheae Nielsen 1977 OAG Abyssocottus elochini Taliev 1955 AEZ Abythites lepidogenys (Smith & Radcliffe 1913) AHD Acanella spp Branched bamboo coral KQL Acanthacaris caeca (A. Milne Edwards 1881) Atlantic deep-sea lobster Langoustine arganelle Cigala de fondo NTK Acanthacaris tenuimana Bate 1888 Prickly deep-sea lobster Langoustine spinuleuse Cigala raspa NHI Acanthalburnus microlepis (De Filippi 1861) Blackbrow bleak AHL Acanthaphritis barbata (Okamura & Kishida 1963) NHT Acantharchus pomotis (Baird 1855) Mud sunfish AKP Acanthaxius caespitosa (Squires 1979) Deepwater mud lobster Langouste
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Biodiversity in India
    MARINEMARINE BIODIVERSITYBIODIVERSITY ININ INDIAINDIA MARINE BIODIVERSITY IN INDIA Venkataraman K, Raghunathan C, Raghuraman R, Sreeraj CR Zoological Survey of India CITATION Venkataraman K, Raghunathan C, Raghuraman R, Sreeraj CR; 2012. Marine Biodiversity : 1-164 (Published by the Director, Zool. Surv. India, Kolkata) Published : May, 2012 ISBN 978-81-8171-307-0 © Govt. of India, 2012 Printing of Publication Supported by NBA Published at the Publication Division by the Director, Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053 Printed at Calcutta Repro Graphics, Kolkata-700 006. ht³[eg siJ rJrJ";t Œtr"fUhK NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY AUTHORITY Cth;Govt. ofmhfUth India ztp. ctÖtf]UíK rvmwvtxe yÆgG Dr. Balakrishna Pisupati Chairman FOREWORD The marine ecosystem is home to the richest and most diverse faunal and floral communities. India has a coastline of 8,118 km, with an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of 2.02 million sq km and a continental shelf area of 468,000 sq km, spread across 10 coastal States and seven Union Territories, including the islands of Andaman and Nicobar and Lakshadweep. Indian coastal waters are extremely diverse attributing to the geomorphologic and climatic variations along the coast. The coastal and marine habitat includes near shore, gulf waters, creeks, tidal flats, mud flats, coastal dunes, mangroves, marshes, wetlands, seaweed and seagrass beds, deltaic plains, estuaries, lagoons and coral reefs. There are four major coral reef areas in India-along the coasts of the Andaman and Nicobar group of islands, the Lakshadweep group of islands, the Gulf of Mannar and the Gulf of Kachchh . The Andaman and Nicobar group is the richest in terms of diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • POPULATION DYNAMICS of the HOODED CUTTLEFISH Sepia Prashadi (WINCKWORTH, 1936) from the OMANI COASTAL WATERS of the ARABIAN SEA
    7(1): 89-98 (2013) DOI: 10.3153/jfscom.2013010 Journal of FisheriesSciences.com E-ISSN 1307-234X © 2013 www.fisheriessciences.com RESEARCH ARTICLE ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE HOODED CUTTLEFISH Sepia prashadi (WINCKWORTH, 1936) FROM THE OMANI COASTAL WATERS OF THE ARABIAN SEA Sahar F. Mehanna∗, Dawood Al-Mamry Marine Science and Fisheries Centre, Muscat, OMAN Abstract: Basic population parameters of the hooded cuttlefish Sepia prashadi, in the Arabian Sea were described from samples collected during the demersal trawl survey of the Arabian Sea between September 2007 and August 2008. A total of 6869 S. prashadi with mantle lengths (ML) ranged from 3.4 to 21.2 cm were analyzed. Age and growth were studied using progression analysis model by applying Bhattacharya method. There were no significant differences in population parameters between sexes. The asymptotic ML was 24.13 cm, while the growth co- efficient K was 0.81/year and t0= -0.14 year. Mean total, natural and fishing mortalities were 3.66, 1.54 and 2.12 per year respectively. The exploitation ratio (E =0.58) suggests that the fishing pressure on S. prashadi in the Omani coastal waters is slightly high. Relative yield per recruit and relative biomass per recruit analysis showed that S. prashadi stock in the Arabian Sea is in its optimum situation as the current E is lower than that which gives the maximum Y’/R. For the management purpose and to reduce the risk due to the sampling bias, the current exploitation rate should be reduced by about 38% to achieve E0.5 as a target reference point and the present length at first capture should be raised to about 14 cm ML to conserve the first spawners of the stock.
    [Show full text]
  • ISSN 0704-3716 Canadian Translation of Fisheries and Aquatic
    ISSN 0704-3716 Canadian Translation of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No. 5377 Summaries of reports presented to the 4th All-Union Conference on Commercial Invertebrates Original title: Tezisy dokladov, IV Vsesoyuznaya konferentsiya po promyslovym bespozvonochnym. Chastu 1,2. 370 p. 1986. Publisher: All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIRO). Moscow Original language: Russian Available from: Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information National Research Council Ottawa, Ontario, Canada KlA 0S2 1988 476 typescript pages 90 - 01551/ Secretary Secrétariat of State d'État MULTILINGUAL ERVICES DIVISION — DIVISION DES SERVICES MULTILINGUES TRANSLATION BUREAU BUREAU DES TRADUCTIONS LIBRARY IDENTIFICATION — FICHE SIGNALÉTIQUE Translated from - Traduction de Into - En Russian English Author - Auteur Title in English or French - Titre anglais ou français Summaries of reports presented to the 4th All—Union Conference on Commercial Invertebrates Title in foreign language (Transliterate foreign characters) Titre en langue étrangère (Transcrire en caractères romains) Tezisy dokladov,IV Vsesoyuznaya konferentsiya po promyslovym bespozvonochnym Reference in foreign language (Name of book or publication) in full, transliterate foreign characters. Référence en langue étrangère (Nom du livre ou publication), au complet, transcrire en caractères romains. same as title Reference in English or French - Référence en anglais ou français Publisher - Editeur Page Numbers in original DATE OF PUBLICATION Numéros des pages dans VNIRO DATE DE PUBLICATION l'original 1-173 Year Issue No. Volume Place of Publication Année Numéro Number of typed pages Lieu de publication Nombre de pages USSR dactylographiées 1986 474 Requesting Department Translation Bureau No. D F 0 3287260 Ministère-Client Notre dossier no Branch or Division I P B Translator (Initials) N.
    [Show full text]
  • Nom Français
    CODE Nom Français Nom scientifique Nom Anglais Famille Ordre KCP Abadèche du Cap Genypterus capensis Kingklip Ophidiidae OPHIDIIFORMES CUB Abadèche noir Genypterus maculatus Black cusk-eel Ophidiidae OPHIDIIFORMES CUS Abadèche rosé Genypterus blacodes Pink cusk-eel Ophidiidae OPHIDIIFORMES CUC Abadèche rouge Genypterus chilensis Red cusk-eel Ophidiidae OPHIDIIFORMES OFZ Abadèche sans jambes Lamprogrammus exutus Legless cuskeel Ophidiidae OPHIDIIFORMES CEX Abadèches nca Genypterus spp Cusk-eels nei Ophidiidae OPHIDIIFORMES OPH Abadèches, brotules nca Ophidiidae Cusk-eels, brotulas nei Ophidiidae OPHIDIIFORMES ALR Ablette Alburnus alburnus Bleak Cyprinidae CYPRINIFORMES ZML Acanthure à pierreries Zebrasoma gemmatum Spotted tang Acanthuridae ACANTHUROIDEI ZLV Acanthure à queue jaune Zebrasoma xanthurum Yellowtail tang Acanthuridae ACANTHUROIDEI MPS Achigan à grande bouche Micropterus salmoides Largemouth black bass Centrarchidae PERCOIDEI LQT Acmée râpe Lottia limatula File limpet Lottiidae GASTROPODA ISA Acoupa aile-courte Isopisthus parvipinnis Bigtooth corvina Sciaenidae PERCOIDEI WEW Acoupa blanc Atractoscion nobilis White weakfish Sciaenidae PERCOIDEI YNV Acoupa cambucu Cynoscion virescens Green weakfish Sciaenidae PERCOIDEI WKK Acoupa chasseur Macrodon ancylodon King weakfish Sciaenidae PERCOIDEI WEP Acoupa du Pérou Cynoscion analis Peruvian weakfish Sciaenidae PERCOIDEI YNJ Acoupa mongolare Cynoscion jamaicensis Jamaica weakfish Sciaenidae PERCOIDEI SWF Acoupa pintade Cynoscion nebulosus Spotted weakfish Sciaenidae PERCOIDEI WKS Acoupa
    [Show full text]
  • Hatchlings Grow to Adult Size in 11 to 13 Months, Depending on Environmental Temperature Conditions
    click for previous page - 37 - Sepia brevimana Steenstrup, 1875 SEP Sep 12 Sepia brevimana Steenstrup, 1875. Synonymy : Sepia rostrata (pars) Ferussac & Orbigny, 1848; Sepia winckworthi Adam, 1939. FAO Names : En - Shortclub cuttlefish Fr - Seiche petites mains Sp - Sepia mazicorta Diagnostic Features : Mantle broad, its dorsal margin acuminate, strongly projecting anteriorly; posteriorly very pointed due to the long spine. Tentacular club short, with a well developed swimming keel extending proximally beyond base; dorsal protective membrane as broad as sucker-bearing surface; suckers very small, subequal; 6 to 8 suckers in oblique transverse rows. Geographical Distribution : Indo-Malayan region, along the northern coast of the Indian Ocean, from Singapore westwards probably to the west coast of India. Habitat and Biology : A small, demersal species, restricted to shallow, costal waters down to 30 m depth. Spawning extends almost throughout the year; in eastern Indian waters severa1 peaks have been observed between July and February (Silas et al. 1982). Hatchlings grow to adult size in 11 to 13 months, depending on environmental temperature conditions. Off Madras, they attain 2.9 to 3.4 cm within 6 months, 5.6 to 5.8 cm at the end of 12 months and about 7.5 cm after 18 months. Size : Maximum mantle length 10 cm; maximum length in the Indian trawl fishery, 8.5 cm off Madras, and 9.5 cm off Waltair (northeast India). Common size ranges from about 4 to 7 cm. cuttlebone Length at first maturity for males is 5.6 cm off Madras and 6.2 cm off Waltair; for females, 5.9 cm and 6.3 cm, respectively.
    [Show full text]