TULANE STUDIES IN GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY
Volume 29, Number 4 Februc..ry :l6, 1!-:!97 ------~------
ANEW SPECIES OF CALYPTRAPHORUS CMESOGASTROPODA:STROMBIDAI:, FROM THE MAASTRICHTIAN OF SOUTHERN MEXICO: SOME PALEOBIOGEOGRAPHIC AND EVOLUTIONARY IMPL ICATIO~S
MARIA DEL CARMEN PERRILLIAT and FRANCISCO J VEGA
IN STITUTO DE GEOLOGiA, UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTO;VOiV!A DE A!EXIC'O CIUDAD UN IVERSITARIA, COYOACAN MEXICO, D. F, MEXICO.
I. ABSTRACT the abundance and diversity of fo::o.sil-, al o decreases. It is interesting to :111te tnat A new species of strombid gastropod is several meters above the main loc,.li"it.>", described from the lower Maastrichtian gastropods are the only group prt.>St.>n:., and deposits from the Mexca la F ormation, their sizes are larger compared w tn . am Guerrero State, southern Mexico. More ples of the same species at the level-, wtth than 300 s pecimens of the n ew species more abundance. were collected at one locality. The speci The Mexcala Formation i::o. H ry comp i mens include all stages of development, cated structurally and litho:ogically. It-, from juveniles to adults. ou t crop areas include the :tate::- of Paleobiogeogr aphic a nd evolutionary Morelos, Mexico, Guerrero. and Pt...e~h It analysis for the genus of this gastropod was defined by Fries (1960, p. 2 ), based on suggests that it had a wide distribution the type section proposed by Bohnenherh around the Tethyan Province, and that Thomas (1955), as a flysch sequtr:.Ct.> uf after the K-T event, the genus migrated about 1,220 meters of rhythmic ...ltt>rna northward, until the Eocen e, when it tion of coarse and fine clastics, with lateral became extinct. and vertical variations. The :vlexcala Formation is extremely folded and fau!ted II. INTRODUCTION at the area of study. It ranges in age frum the Turonian, exposed in the central por A diverse, poorly known, and well-pre tion of Guerrero State (Bohnenoerg served Maastrichtian molluscan fauna has Thomas, 1955; Bose, 1923; Davila-Alcocer, been recently r estudied fr om intensive 1974; Gonzalez-Arreola. 1977: Lopez sampling at a few loca lities from the Ramos, 1983; Perrilliat-Montoya, 1974) to Upper Cretaceous Mexcala Formation in the Maastrichtian, exposed to the north Guerrero State, southern Mexico. The first east of Guerrero State (Alencaster, 1980; report of this fauna included only illustra de Cserna et al., 1980; Ortega-Gutit:·rrez, tions, without description, of 15 gastropod 1980). species (Alencaster, 1980), some of which In a second paper on the Texmalac were misidentified. fauna, Vega and Feldmann (1992) reported The diversity of groups present at these a new species of retroplumid crab. In this localities includes pla nktic and benthic paper, a more extensive discussion on thP foraminiferans, corals, gastropods, nau paleoenvironment is given, as well as some tiloids, ammonites, bivalves, scaphopods, implications on the paleobiogeographic sig annelids, crustaceans, echinoids, and ver nificance of that genus of crab. Some paly tebrate remains. This material was collect nomorphs are also reported, and some ed at three outcrops, located 125 km south were recognized as typical of the paleo flora of Mexico City, and 70 km southeast of of South America (Enrique Martinez, pers. Iguala (Fig. 1), near a town locally known comm.). Planktic fo raminiferans from the as Texmalac. studied localities include Gansserina The lithology consist s of light-brown gansseri, Rosita fornicata, Globotruncana marls, becoming sandier and blue to gray uentricosa, Globotrunca na li nneia na, green toward the top of the sequence, as Rugoglobigerina rugosa, Hedbergella mon-
119 120 Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology Vol. 29
I, \ \ I 99°00' I \...... -") I ...... / I I \ (' t, /..- I I ( I "I b ( ) ( Hulxc:~•tla 6 ~ I I I ...... I Chlmotocoflan / I \ I ' ' ('- ...... I \ 1 0 Ptanoho VIejo I l I I \Teooolz!ngo ) I 'p 6 I 1 Huaxtla I ' I ' \. \ I I I -..... _,, /-- ...... ---~ ~Chauolngo I Jololpon ,..- / I , J ;- ' I Atlapd '- ...... ) \ ...... ? / ...... I I \ ...... I ...... I \ ...... I ...... J \ ( \ ) \ / / -N- \ r \ I 'A \ \ \ 0 25 50km. \ 1./ ~~iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiil ' I bcopoliflo " \ .. Papolutlo ,- - 0 ' 99°00'
Figure 1. Location map of the studied area (framed) at outcrops from the Mexcala Formation near Texmalac, Guerrero. mouthensis, Globigerinelloides prairiehil there are some specimens which seem to lensis, H eteroh elix globulosa, and belong to new genera and new species. Pseudotextularia nuttalli. These species Among these, the new species described are indicative of a lower Maastrichtian age herein represents one of the most abun (Brian Huber, pers. comm.). dant gastropods, including nearly all sizes Alencaster (1980) suggested a close rela from juveniles to adults, the latter recog tionship between the Texmalac fauna and nized by the development of a callus that the faunas of the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal covers the spire completely. Plains. Preliminary systematic studies on certain gastropods and bivalves from III. SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY Texmalac (Salceda et al., 1995; Vega and Perrilliat, 1995; Vega et al., 1995) suggest Phylum MOLLUSCA Linnaeus, 1758 paleobiogeographic affinities with the Class GASTROPODA Cuvier, 1797 Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains, but also Subclass PROSOBRANCHIA with the Caribbean and Tethyan Pro Milne-Edwards, 1848 vinces. More than 25 species of gastropods Order MESOGASTROPODA Thiele, 1925 and 10 species of bivalves have been iden Family STROMBIDAE Rafinesque, 1815 tified, However, among the gastropods Genus CALYPTRAPHORUS Conrad, 1857 No.4 Mexican Calyptraphorus 121
Calyptraphorus CONRAD, 1857, Acad. Nat. Sci. On the presence of two nodes nn thE )a-;t v. ro ], Philadelphia, Proc., v. 9, p. 166. Type species: Rostellaria uelata Conrad, 1833, Discussion: The Mexican peri P1t'T1'> by subsequent designation, Cossmann, 1904. have no similarities to any • pecil: that Eocene; Claiborne, Alabama. have been described from the lTppt·r Cretaceous elsewhere. Ro. ·tell aria pnllzntu CALYPTRAPHORUS BINODIFERUS Forbes (1846, p. 129, pl. :1, fig. 1.'">,, fm'TI Perrilliat and Vega, n. sp. the Cretaceous of Pondicherrv, :ndict. :1as a Plate 1, figures 1-8 shell that, when full grown, becom( Plate 2, figures 1-8 enveloped by the callus, wntch ~ melop t so that only the body whorl and part of • h· Description: Shell medium-sized. Protoconch first three volutions are exposed. The Jr with three, rounded smooth whorls; teleoconch face is smooth and polished. Sto'tczK PLATE 1 Figures 1-8. Calyptraphorus binodiferus Perrilliat and Vega, n. sp. 1,2. (X 1.8) IGM 5887 (holotype); height 32.5 mm, diameter 17.4 mm. 3. (X 2.05) IGM 5888 (paratype) ; height 29.2 mm, diameter 19.8 mm. 4,5. (X 1.8) IGM 5889 (paratype); height 33.4 mm, diameter 22.1 mm. 6,7. (X 2.65) IGM 5890 (paratype); height 21.9 mm, diameter 11.9 mm. 8. (X 2.4) IGM 5891 (paratype); height 25.3 mm, diameter 11 .7 mm. Locality of all: IGM 2448, Mexcala Formation, Guerrero, Mexico. No. 4 Mexican Calyptraphorus 4 5 - 7 8 PLATE 1 124 Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology Vol. 29 species of Calyptraphorus have been Figure 2 summarizes paleobiogeograph reported from Jamaica, Peru, Brazil, ic distribution and possible phyletic rela Tunisia, Madagascar, and India. The old tionships between Cretaceous and Tertiary est species is C. itamaracensis from the species of Calyptraphorus. It seems impor Campanian of Brazil. No species from the tant to note that genus-level survivorship Upper Cretaceous possess nodes on the across the K- T boundary and northward body whorl, except for C. binodiferus n. sp. migration to the Pacific realm and Gulf The other species of this genus, which do Coast Plain also has been registered for show nodes are C. trinodiferus and C. uela crustacean genera such as Lophoranina, tus nodouelatus, both from the Eocene of which also had a Tethyan distribution dur Alabama. Considering development of ing Late Cretaceous, and migrated during nodes as an evolutionary trend into a early Tertiary to Baja California, Alabama, phyletic line of Calyptraphorus, it seems Europe, the Middle East, and the InP.o reasonable to propose that C. binodiferous Pacific, becoming extinct by Oligocene is the ancestral species, which gave rise to time (Feldmann et al., 1996). There are the nodose Eocene species (Fig. 2). more groups like these to be restudied and It is evident that during the Late reevaluated in terms of paleobiogeograph Cretaceous, Calyptraphorus had a wide ic, biostratigraphic and evolutionary impli distribution, all around the Tethyan cations. Most gastropods at the studied Province. Although during early Tertiary area show strong spines and/or nodes. This time some species prevailed in this feature could be related to a high preda province (Rostellaria palliata, Paleocene of tion pressure, mainly by crustaceans and Tunisia; Calyptraphorus indicus and C. other gastropods. It seems important to hollandi, Eocene of India; Calyptraphorus? continue searching for poorly known chelonites, Eocene of Brazil), there was an Maastrichtian and early Tertiary faunas. expansion of the distribution northward in North America, to the Pacific realm V. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS (Calyptraphorus spp. A and B, Paleocene of Baja California), the Western Interior The authors would like to express their (C. septentrionalis, Paleocene of North and gratitude to the Direcci6n General de South Dakota), and to the Atlantic and Apoyo al Personal Academico de la UNAM, Gulf Coastal Plains (C. jacksoni, Paleocene who provided financial support for this of Maryland; C. popenoe, Paleocene of research. Special thanks to Emily H. northeastern Mexico; C. carrizensis, Vokes (Department of Geology, Tulane Eocene of northeastern Mexico; C. trinod University) for her support and revision of iferus, C. uelatus, and C. uelatus nodouela the manuscript. David T. Dockery III tus, Middle Eocene of Alabama; C. sta (Mississippi Department of Environmental mineus, Late Eocene of Louisiana and Quality) made useful suggestions to Mississippi). Along with this northward improve the manuscript. Photographs migration, there was an increase in size were taken by Mr. Antonio Altamira and of amount covered by the callus, as (Laboratorio de Fotografia, Instituto de compared with the size and morphology Geologia, UNAM). The map and figure betwee11 Cretaceous and Tertiary species. were elaborated by Fernando Vega (Taller PLATE 2 Figures 1-8. Calyptraphorus binodiferus Perrilliat and Vega, n. sp. 1,2. (X 2.5) IGM 5892 (paratype); height 24.1 mm, diameter 12.7 mm. 3. (X 3.0) IGM 5893 (paratype); height 20.5 mm, diameter 9.9 mm. 4. (X 3.3) IGM 5894 (paratype); height 18.5 mm, diameter 8.7 mm. 5. (X 2.06) IGM 5895 (paratype); height 29.6 mm, diameter 14.7 mm. 6. (X 2.4) IGM 5896 (paratype); height 25.4 mm, diameter 13.2 mm. 7,8. (X 2.5) IGM 5897 (paratype); height 23.7 mm, diameter 12.4 mm. Locality of all: IGM 2448, Mexcala Formation, Guerrero, Mexico. No.4 Mexican Calyptraphorus 1 2 3 5 4 7 PLATE 2 126 Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology Vol. 29 SOUTH NORTH AMERICA AMERICA AFRICA INDIA EOCENE @{.~ \/ I PALEOCENE I I t-= w MAAST. 4 0::: - u -- :::> CAMP. Figure 2. Paleobiogeographic and evolutionary table for species of Calyptraphorus from Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary. 1, C. itamaracensis (Campanian, Brazil); 2, C. hopkinsi (Maastrichtian, Peru); 3, C. binodiferus (Maastrichtian, Mexico); 4, Rostellaria palliata (Maastrichtian, Madagascar; Maastrichtian and Paleocene, TUnisia); 5, Calyptraphorus spp. (Paleocene, Baja California, Mexico); 6, C. popenoe (Paleocene, Nuevo Leon, Mexico), 7, C. septentrionalis (Paleocene, North and South Dakota); 8, C. jacksoni (Paleocene, Alabama), 9, Calyptraphorus? chelonites (Eocene, Brazil); 10, C. carrizensis (Eocene, Tamaulipas, Mexico); 11, C. trinodiferus (Eocene, Alabama); 12, C. uelatus nodouelatus (Eocene, Alabama); 13, C. indicus (Eocene, India); 14, C. hollandi (Eocene, India). de Dibujo, Instituto de Geelogia, UNAM). pls. We are grateful to Mr. Luis Burgos for his BOHNENBERG-THOMAS, 0., 1955, Bosquejo usual kindness. geologico a lo largo de la carretera Iguala Chilpancingo, Estado de Guerrero: V. LITERATURE CITED Professional Thesis. Universidad Nacional Aut6noma de Mexico, Facultad de Ingenieria, ALENCASTER, G., 1980, Moluscos del Maastri 61 p. chtiano de Texmalac, Guerrero: Sociedad CLARK, W.B ., 1896, The Eocene deposits of the Geologica Mexicana, Libro-Guia de Ia excur Middle Atlantic Slope in Delaware, sion geologica a Ia cuenca del alto Rio Balsas, Maryland, and Virginia: U.S. Geological p . 39-42, 16 figs. Survey, Bull. 141, 167 p. , 40 pls. BASSE, E., 1932, Paleontologie de Madagascar. CONRAD, T.A., 1833, Fossil shells of the Ter XVIII. Faune Malacologique du Cretace tiary formations of North America, v. 1, no. 3, Superieur du Sud-ouest de Madagascar: p. 29-38, in Fossil shells of the Tertiary for Annales de Paleontologie, v. 21, fascicule III mations of North America [49]-[60]. I 1963 and IV, p. 89-168, pis. 13-21. reprint of the 1893 republication by G.D. BASSE, E., 1933, Paleontologie de Madagascar. Harris: Paleontological Research Institution, XVIII. Faune Malacologique du Cretace Ithaca, New York]. Superieur du Sud-ouest de Madagascar CONRAD, T.A., 1857, Descriptions of two new (Continuation): Annales de Paleontologie, v. genera of shells: Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 22, fascicule I, p. 1-38, pis. 1-4. Proc., v. 9, p. 165-166. BOSE, E. , 1923, Algunas faunas cretacicas de COSSMANN, M., 1904, Essais de Paleocon Zacatecas, Durango y Guerrero: Instituto chologie Comparee, v. 6. Paris, 151 p. , 9 pls. Geologico de Mexico, Boletin 42, p. 1-219, 19 COSSMANN, M., and G. PISSARRO, 1909, The No.4 Mexican Calyptraphorus 1...... '),. , Mollusca of the Ranikot Series. Part I. LOPEZ-RAMOS, E., 1983, fkolog1a r.h . .\1.exico Cephalopoda and Gastropoda: Geological v 3 (3rd. ed.), 453 p. Survey of India, Memoirs; Palaeontologia MILNE-EDWARDS, H., 181~, Note ~· r .ct cla Indica, (New Series) v. 3, Memoir No. 1, 83 p., sification naturelle de.:; ~ollu~' GARCIA-BARRERA, and J. AVENDANO, cas del Maastrichtia'lO t 'i el r rt d e ....,, n 1996, The oldest record of Lophora nina Juan Tetelcingo, Estado Je (~Ut. rrero (Decapoda:Raninidae) from the L a t e Sociedad Geologica Mt XJcana, Libra-( rUJa d~ Cretaceous of Chiapas, southeastern Mexico: Ia excursion geologica a Ia CUt ned de d vO Rw Jour. Paleontology, v. 70, no. 2, p. 297-303, 5 Balsas, p. 34-38 figs. PALMER, K.V.W., 1937, fhe ('..ubt rmar ;:-,c_ FORBES, E., 1846, Report on the Fossil ph opoda, Gastropoda and Ihbr:..~c.hJ' te Invertebrata from Southern India, collected Cephalopoda of the Southern t mt d Stdtt' · by Mr. Kaye and Mr. Cunliffe: Geol. Soc . part I, text: Bulls. Amer Pdl• ortologv, " 7 London, Trans., (Second Series) v. 7, p. 97- no. 32, p. 1-548; part II, pldtes, p &J 19 7J(, 174, pls. 7-19. pls. 1-90. FRIES, C ., 1960, Geologia del Estado d e PAREDES-MEJIA, L.M., 19~9, late ( ret' ce Morelos y de partes adyacentes de Mexico y ous-E a rly Cenozoic ~trat1grap•n , 'id Guerrero, region central meridional de Paleontology (Mollusca: Gd&tropodaJ o~' t .t. Mexico: Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Sepultura Formation, Mesa San Carlo,. B&Jd Mexico, Instituto de Geologia, Boletin 60, p. California Norte, Mexico: Master::. ':'he» is 1-236, 22 pls. Purdue University, 527 p. GARDNER, J .A. , 1945, Mollusca of the Tertiary PERRILLIAT-MONTOYA, M.C, 1971, • npub Formations of Northeastern Mexico: Geol. lis h ed report t o Director of In:;t tuto c!e Soc. Amer., Memoir 11 , 332 p. , 27 pls. Geol ogia, Universidad Naciona. Autonorra de GONZALEZ-ARREOLA, C., 1977, Amonitas del Mexico, 3 p. Coniaciano (Cretacico Superior de Ia region PERVINQUIERE, L., 1912, Etudes de Pd.eon de Tepetlapa, E stado d e Guerrero: t ologie tunisienne; II Ga<;tropode,.; €'t Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, La m ell ibranches des terrains crt tdce:,· Instituto de Geologia, Revista, v. 1, no. 2, p. Direction gener a l Travaux pub!Jcs, carte 197-173, 2 figs. geologique de la Tunisie, 352 p., 23 pk LINNAEUS, C., 1758, Systema naturae per tria RAFINESQUE, C .S., 1815, Analyse de 'a regna naturae, Ed. 10, v. 1. Stockholm, 823 p. Nature, ou tableau de l' univers et des corps 128 Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology Vol. 29 organises. Palermo, 224 p. v. 64, p. 27-42, pls. 1-4. SALCEDA, B. , F.J. VEGA, and M.C. PERRILLI VEGA, F.J., and R.M. FELDMANN, 1992, AT, 1995, Paleoecologia de bivalves de la Occurrence of Costacopluma (Decapoda: Formaci6n Mexcala (Maastrichtiano) en el Brachyura: Retroplumidae) in the Maastrich area de Texmalac, Guerrero, p. 34, in V tian of southern Mexico and its paleobiogeo Congreso Nacional de Paleontologfa, Mexico, graphic implications: Carnegie Museum, D.F. , Resumenes. Annals, v. 61, no. 2, p. 133-152, 8 figs. SOHL, N.F. , 1987, Cretaceous gastropods: VEGA, F.J. , and M .C. PERRILLIAT, 1995, Contrasts between Tethys and the temperate Paleobiogeograffa y evoluci6n del genero provinces: Jour. Paleontology, v. 61, no. 6, p. Calyptraphorus; un gaster6podo con amplia 1085-1111, 11 figs. distribucion tropical durante el Creiacico STANTON, T.W. , 1920, The fauna of the Tardfo, p. 45-46, in V Congreso Nacional de Cannonball Marine Member of the Lance Paleontologfa, Mexico, D.F. , Resumenes. Formation: U. S. Geological Survey, Prof. VEGA, F.J., M.C. PERRILLIAT, and R. CORO Paper 128-A, p. 1-60 pls. 1-9. NA, 1995, Paleobiogeography of the Late STOLICZKA, F., 1867-1868, Cretaceous fauna Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) molluscan fauna of southern India; v. II, The Gastropoda of the from the Mexcala Formation, southern Cretaceous rocks of southern India: Mexico, p. 157-158, in Annual Meeting of the Geological Survey of India, Memoirs; Geological Society of America, New Orleans, Paleontologia Indica, v. 1-4, 497 p., 28 pis. Louisiana, Abstracts with Programs. THIELE, J., 1925, Gastropoda der deutschen WHITE, C.A., 1887, Contributions to the Pale Tiefsee-Expedition. II. Deutsche Tiefsee ontology of Brazil; comprising descriptions of Expedition auf dem Dampfer "Valdivia" 1898- Cretaceous Invertebrate Fossils, mainly from 1899: Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse, v. 17, p. the Provinces of Sergipe, Pernambuco, Para 35-382. and Bahia: Archivos do Museu Nacional do TRECHMANN, C.T., 1927, The Cretaceous Rio de Janeiro, v. 7, 273 p., 28 pls. 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