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Perspectives Оf the Red Book Species Sorbus Torminalis L. for the Protected and Recreational Zones, and Horticultural and Pharmaceutical Industries

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Perspectives Оf the Red Book Species Sorbus Torminalis L. for the Protected and Recreational Zones, and Horticultural and Pharmaceutical Industries EurAsian Journal of BioSciences Eurasia J Biosci 14, 6773-6785 (2020) Perspectives оf the red book species Sorbus torminalis L. for the protected and recreational zones, and horticultural and pharmaceutical industries Тetiana Моskаlеts 1*, Аlina Vоvkоhоn 2, Vadym Pеlеkhаtyi 3, Nataliia Pеlеkhаtа 3, Olha Ovezmyradova 3 1 Institute of Horticulture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 03027, UKRAINE 2 Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, Bila Tserkva, 09117, UKRAINE 3 Polissia National University, Zhytomyr, 10002, UKRAINE *Corresponding author: Тetiana Моskаlеts Abstract Background: Wild service tree is a biocenotic Red Book species has socio-economic significance and contributes increasing the biodiversity of natural, semi-natural and anthropic ecosystems, in Ukraine protected by law since 2009 and has LC (Lower Risk) status. Materials and Methods: The ecological and biological peculiarities of the S. torminalis natural and semi-natural genotypes have been studied, forms selected according to the valuable morphological and reproductive indicators as well as the biochemical composition of fruits and leaves determined. The monitoring researches and observations of the populations and individual plantations status under the conditions of the Western, South-Western аnd Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on the immature (Im), young vegetative (V1) and generative plants of the wild service tree during 2017–2020 were conducted. The biochemical parameters were established in the leaves and fruits at the phase of the complete ripeness. Results: The results clearly showed the new genotypes were selected with high fruit (more than 1.5 g) and сorymb mass (32.3-48.2 g), and increased content of the biologically active substances in the fruits and leaves (phenolic compounds, carotenoids, bioflavonoids). The polyphenolic compounds in the fruits ranged 3380.5 – 4876.3 mg/kg, and in the leaves 6042.8-8778.5 mg/kg on the wet mass in the complete ripeness, the content of the organic acіds in the fruits (1.8-2.5 %) is in 1.5 times higher than their content in leaves (1.3-1.6 %) per wet mass. Conclusions: The biological value of the S. torminalis fruits and leaves lets to consider them promising raw materials for healthy nutrition and pharmaceutical branch. This work represented an important species in Ukraine and Europe wild service tree. The widespread use of the checkertree selected forms by means of the introduction in to the new growing spreading conditions it in the culture of the industrial and ornamental horticulture, and forestry will ensure the preservation of the species and replenishment with medicinal and fruit raw materials of the consumer and pharmaceutical markets, increase the diversity of natural, semi-natural and anthropic ecosystems. Keywords: wild service tree, selected genotypes, biodiversity conservation, ‘The Red Book of Ukraine’, fruits, leaves, biochemical composition Моskаlеts T, Vоvkоhоn A, Pеlеkhаtyi V, Pеlеkhаtа N, Ovezmyradova O (2020) Perspectives оf the red book species Sorbus torminalis L. for the protected and recreational zones, and horticultural and pharmaceutical industries. Eurasia J Biosci 14: 6773-6785. © 2020 Моskаlеts et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. INTRODUCTION of space and anthropogenic factors. Despite the fact that Ukraine occupieadd the s 5.7% of Europe's territory, its The planet's biodiversity has long been under threat territory represents at least 35% of European of impoverishment and extinction. Its losses can lead to biodiversity (more than 70 thousand species of animals irreversible consequences both for ecosystems and for and plants) (Didukh, 2009). Unfortunately, a significant the biosphere in general (Jongman et al., 2011; Burke et part of natural and semi-natural landscapes of Ukraine al., 2017). Destruction and transformation of natural rapidly degrades under the influence of human activity. ecosystems, excessive exploitation of natural resources, environmental pollution are the main factors of human impact on biodiversity (Paganova, 2007; Madera et al., Received: July 2019 2013). A powerful factor in changing the environment Accepted: April 2020 were global climate change, occurring due to the action Printed: December 2020 6773 EurAsian Journal of BioSciences 14: 6773-6785 (2020) Моskаlеts et al. Throughout Ukraine, species subject to protection, of the experimental data) were carried out at the Institute conservation and control listed in the ‘Red Book of of Horticulture of the National Academy of Agrarian Ukraine’ (Didukh, 2009), which includes 826 species of Sciences of Ukraine аnd the Bila Tserkva National plants and fungi. All species are divided into seven Agrarian University categories according to their conservation status on: EX The study of the checkertree plant populations was (Extinct), EW (Extinct in the Wild), CR (Critically conducted according to the accepted methods (1986), Endangered), EN (Endangered), VU (Vulnerable), DD and phenological observations over the plants growth (Data Deficient). A separate group consists of having the and development as well as the biometric indicers were LC (Lower Risk) status. Representatives of this category carried out in accordance with the methods of need attention and protection due to the existing threat Beydemann (1974). The dynamics of the shoots growth of reducing populations. and development, periods of the establishment and Although they are more or less common in number, formation of generative organs, buds and leaves were however, they have a low risk of extinction. One of the explored in conformity with the accepted methods representatives of this group of species is Sorbus (Tkachyk, 2016). The qualitative and quantitative torminalis (L.) Crantz, 1763 (Bednorz & Nowinska, 2018; characteristics of buds, shoots, inflorescences, flowers Moskalets et al., 2019). The S. torminalis (wild service as well as of leaves and fruits were analyzed, pre- tree) is a typical forest tree specieswith scattered selecting 25 inflorescences and 25 leaves on each of distribution (Aas & Kohles, 2011; Thomas, 2017). In four sides from a tree. The total sample of leaves, Ukraine it occurs as a companion species mainly in inflorescences was 100. Shoots for the research were deciduous forests in its western regions. S. torminalis is selected from the middle part of the crown. The estimate a valuable biocenotic species which increases the of yield plants and seed productivity the weight method, biodiversity of forests (Shpak, 2019). It is a rare species forming the total fruit sample (1 kg) of which 100 fruits in Ukraine, protected by law since 2009 (Didukh, 2009). were selected to establish the qualitative and The protection of genetic resources of forest tree quantitative characteristics. Genotypes were discovered species underlies the principle of ‘environmental and selected under the conditions of the Central, South- imperative’ that is an important issue for European and Western, and Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine as a world ecologists, foresters (Pyttel et al., 2013; Werres, result of the expeditionary researches of the mentioned 2018). Biodiversity protection is impossible without a checkertree plants natural and local gene pool. Plants of comprehensive study of certain species of organisms of different ontogenetic periods: latent, virginal (juvenile different places of growth, their ecological and and immature), generative, postgenerative (senile) were morphophysiological features (Bednorz et al., 2012; analyzed in order to identify differences in the Szymura et al., 2014). morphological signs and biological peculiaitives. In this connection, the aim of our research was study The morphological characteristics were identified by ecological and biological features natural and semi- means of the visual assessment and measurements or natural S. torminalis genotypes and highlight forms by calculations depending on the type of their detection. valuable morphological reproductive features and also The identification of the morphological signs was carried determine the biochemical composition of fruits and out on immature (Im), young vegetative (V1) and leaves. generative plants. The morphological characteristics, their codes and subcodes were used to in order to MATERIALS AND METHODS assess the detection of the distinctness and uniformity Materials were conducted under the conditions of the in keeping with the accepted methods (Tkachyk, 2016), Western, South-Western Forest-Steppe (Western namely: rest period (complete leaves fall or before the Ukrainian Forest-Steppe Province) аnd Central Forest- beginning of the spring sap flow); the beginning of the Steppe of Ukraine (Dniester-Dnieper Forest-Steppe vegetation (swelling of the vegetative buds); the Province) and observations by population status and generative buds budding, the beginning of flowering (5- single trees of wild service tree during 2017–2020, 10% flowers opened on the tree); flowering (≥ 50% of namely: Kamianets-Podilskyi district (not far from the the flowers are opened); growth of shoots (full disclosure village Suprunkivtsi, Khmelnytskyі region, 48°44′ N and formation of the leaf blade); fruits growth and 26°45′ E), the town Kamianets-Podilskyi (Khmelnytskyі formation; fruits technical and consumption ripeness (≥ region, 48°25' N 26°32' E), the village Skаlа Pоdіlskа 50% fruits on the tassel). (Теrnopil region, 48°51′ N 26°11′ E), the Kremenets The Protection Status of
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