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Chilocorus Renipustulatus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Dominates Predatory Ladybird Assemblages on Sorbus Aucuparia (Rosales: Rosaceae)

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Chilocorus Renipustulatus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Dominates Predatory Ladybird Assemblages on Sorbus Aucuparia (Rosales: Rosaceae) Eur. J. Entomol. 108: 603–608, 2011 http://www.eje.cz/scripts/viewabstract.php?abstract=1659 ISSN 1210-5759 (print), 1802-8829 (online) Chilocorus renipustulatus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) dominates predatory ladybird assemblages on Sorbus aucuparia (Rosales: Rosaceae) 1 2, 3 EMANUEL KULA and OLDěICH NEDVċD 1 Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, ZemČdČlská 3, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected] 2 Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, and 3 Institute of Entomology, Biology Center, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branišovská 31, 370 05 ýeské BudČjovice, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. Coccinellidae, Chilocorus renipustulatus, scale insect, mountain ash, Sorbus aucuparia, abundance, phenology, melanism Abstract. Fourteen predatory species of ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) were collected from May to October 2008 from mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia) infested with the scale insect Chionaspis salicis at 31 localities in the Ore Mountains, northern Bohemia, Czech Republic. Chilocorus renipustulatus, usually a rare species, made up 85% of the individuals collected (1690). Other abundant species were Coccinella septempunctata, Calvia quatuordecimguttata, Adalia bipunctata and Adalia decempunctata. The invasive alien Harmonia axyridis was present but made up less than one per cent of the individuals collected. Niche overlap between pairs of ladybird species measured in terms of the coefficient of community, Morisita’s index and cluster analysis showed that microhabitat preferences were similar and hence the possibility of competition was high in two pairs of congeneric species (Chilo- corus and Calvia). Larvae of Ch. renipustulatus were abundant from mid-June through August and were still present in October. INTRODUCTION a survey of beneficial predatory ladybird beetles on Mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia Linnaeus) has become mountain ash in the stressful conditions of the Ore Moun- an important substitute woody plant in stands growing in tains. We discuss their species composition, abundance, seriously air-polluted locations at higher elevations of the phenology and niche overlap. Among these species, Krušné hory Mts (Ore Mountains) at the north-western prevalence of coccidophagous ladybirds was expected border of the Czech Republic (Balcar et al., 2008). This due to infestation of the observed trees by scale insects, tree species is relatively resistant to sulphur dioxide, which was demonstrated by the unusual dominance of the grows fast and forms a local environment with leaf litter relatively rare ladybird Chilocorus renipustulatus improving soil conditions (Kubelka, 1993, Ulbrichová & (Scriba). Podrázský, 2002). The attractiveness of this woody plant MATERIAL AND METHODS for forest animals (browsing, deer de-barking) is a disad- The study area was situated in northern Bohemia, in the vantage for the plant itself (Sloup, 2008). The weakened Czech Republic. The area included 31 localities situated in the trees are exposed to subsequent attack by insect pests and “DČþínská vrchovina” Uplands (50°47´N, 14°07´E – localities fungal pathogens (Kula et al., 2009). 1–3) and the eastern part of the Ore Mountains to Mount St. Important leaf chewing pests of mountain ash include Sebastian (50°30´N, 13°16´E – localities 4–31; Table 1, Fig. 1). weevils (Urban, 1999, Kula & Šimon, 2007). Further, Altitudes sampled ranged from about 500 to 900 meters a.s.l. heavy defoliation of mountain ash is caused by the chry- Seven samples were collected, two in May and five at monthly somelid Gonioctena (Goniomena) quinquepunctata intervals from 14 June to 15 October 2008 (Table 2). Mountain (Fabr.) (Urban, 1998, Kula, 1999). In addition, caterpil- ash (S. aucuparia) aged 15–60 years infested with Ch. salicis lars of 84 species of Lepidoptera have been obtained from was studied at each locality. To obtain a representative sample, ladybirds were collected from five different trees on each occa- mountain ash (Kula et al., 2009). Important sap sucking sion. At the time of the first sample (7 May 2008), the pheno- insects on mountain ash in Central Europe include the logical stage of the trees differed among the localities, from scale insects Diaspidiotus ostreaeformis (Curtis), Dias- stands with unfolded leaves to fully expanded leaves. pidiotus perniciosus (Comstock), Diaspidiotus pyri The insects were sampled by shaking them from the crowns (Lichtenstein), Lepidosaphes ulmi (L.), Parlatoria oleae of the trees by means of 4 kg heavy hammer blows to the trunks (Colvée) and Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni of the trees. Two pieces of canvas, each 2 × 2 m in size, were Tozzetti) (Watson, 2005). Chionaspis salicis (Linnaeus) placed on the ground under the crowns of the trees to catch the was reported from mountain ash in Germany (Lemme, insects. Samples from the five trees were pooled. The insects, 2010). including immature individuals, were killed and preserved in Potentially detrimental hemipterans and some chry- 75% ethanol. Larvae were identified using the field key of Savoiskaya & Klausnitzer (1973). Eggs of ladybird beetles are somelid eggs and larvae are preyed upon by several spe- tightly attached to the substrate and cannot be sampled by beat- cies of ladybird beetles. This paper presents the results of ing. Pupae can be sampled with only limited efficiency. 603 TABLE 1. Localities at which the mountain ash Sorbus aucuparia was sampled. Altitude, coordinates, grid-map square number, total abundance of predatory ladybirds and of Chilocorus renipustulatus (in parentheses) are presented. No. Settlement m N E Square Individuals 1 SnČžník 713 50°47´40˝ 14°05´55˝ 5150 30 (17) 2 SnČžník 598 50°47´03˝ 14°05´17˝ 5150 69 (58) 3 Rájec 526 50°47´59˝ 14°01´10˝ 5250 22 (7) 4 Krásný les 672 50°45´38˝ 13°58´28˝ 5250 74 (70) 5 Krásný les 734 50°45´05˝ 13°57´16˝ 5250 34 (27) 6 Adolfov 703 50°45´11˝ 13°54´51˝ 5249 19 (12) 7 Adolfov 756 50°44´02˝ 13°54´21˝ 5249 228 (217) 8 Fojtovice 762 50°42´32˝ 13°51´04˝ 5249 99 (94) 9 Fojtovice 770 50°43´16˝ 13°49´56˝ 5249 26 (15) 10 Cínovec 868 50°43´36˝ 13°45´44˝ 5248 22 (13) 11 Nové MČsto 832 50°41´51˝ 13°43´20˝ 5348 15 (13) 12 Nové MČsto 862 50°42´16˝ 13°41´31˝ 5348 47 (44) 13 Fláje 782 50°41´49˝ 13°37´03˝ 5347 59 (51) 14 Fláje 664 50°41´45˝ 13°34´03˝ 5347 36 (32) 15 Dlouhá louka 800 50°41´31˝ 13°38´32˝ 5347 53 (46) 16 Dlouhá louka 863 50°39´17˝ 13°38´37˝ 5347 114 (107) 17 Buttersteig 742 50°38´08˝ 13°36´54˝ 5347 44 (34) 18 Litvínov 496 50°37´05˝ 13°37´19˝ 5446 25 (1) 19 BoleboĜ 855 50°33´18˝ 13°23´03˝ 5446 59 (50) 20 BoleboĜ 810 50°32´59˝ 13°23´16˝ 5446 39 (23) 21 BoleboĜ 722 50°32´40˝ 13°23´51˝ 5446 42 (38) 22 Jedlák 870 50°34´50˝ 13°25´33˝ 5446 68 (60) 23 Malý háj 821 50°34´54˝ 13°24´47˝ 5446 17 (16) 24 Svahová 800 50°33´35˝ 13°24´25˝ 5446 68 (49) 25 Svahová 798 50°33´01˝ 13°24´07˝ 5446 21 (12) 26 Orasín 562 50°31´58˝ 13°23´44˝ 5446 90 (80) 27 MezihoĜí 686 50°32´05˝ 13°21´44˝ 5446 96 (87) 28 Kálek 714 50°34´40˝ 13°18´12˝ 5445 48 (45) 29 Hora sv. Šebestiána 842 50°31´28˝ 13°14´09˝ 5445 79 (78) 30 Hora sv. Šebestiána 837 50°30´41˝ 13°16´21˝ 5445 36 (28) 31 Celná-Místo 745 50°28´38˝ 13°16´35˝ 5545 18 (13) The number of individuals of each species in each sample (for locality (that is: there was no north-south or west-east a particular locality and day) was expressed in terms of the rela- gradient), or with the altitude of the sites. tive proportion (pi) of the total catch for the entire year, inde- The seasonal trend in abundance of Ch. renipustulatus pendent of the other species (6pi = 1 for each species). Niche was biphasic, with a ten-fold increase between mid-June overlap was then determined using the coefficient of community 2 and early July, due to a massive emergence of larvae of [S1 = 6 min (pi, qi)] and Morisita’s index [S2 = 26 (pi •qi) / (6pi 2 the new generation, and with adult emergence in August + 6qi )]. The Weighted pair-group average method after applying 1-Pearson r measure of similarity was used for cluster to September (Table 2, Fig. 2). All the other species analysis. together showed a more gradual change in abundance with a minimum in late May and maximum in early Sep- RESULTS tember. The highest increase was between July and Altogether 1690 individuals of 14 predatory species of August, when many aphidophagous ladybirds enter dia- ladybirds (Table 2), including adults, pupae and larvae pause. were collected. The single species Chilocorus renipustu- The first larvae of Ch. renipustulatus were collected in latus made up 85% of all individuals. The second most mid June (43% of the individuals collected), and were abundant species was Coccinella septempunctata Lin- most abundant in early July, when 96% of the population naeus (4%), the next Calvia quatuordecimguttata (Lin- comprised immature individuals. Larvae occurred at most naeus) (3%) and two more species, Adalia bipunctata localities. The first pupae were recorded in early July and (Linnaeus) and A. decempunctata (Linnaeus), each made were most common in early August, when 52% of the up over 1%. The mycophagous ladybird Halyzia sedecim- population were immature individuals. The number of guttata (Linnaeus) (7 individuals) was not included in the larvae and pupae decreased in September (10%), but a results and analyses. The abundance of Ch.
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