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Does Colour of the Central Floret in Queen Anne's Lace Umbels Affect

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Does Colour of the Central Floret in Queen Anne's Lace Umbels Affect Does colour of the central floret in Queen Anne's Lace umbels affect the types of pollinators aracted to them? Researchers: Fiona Hunter (Ph.D.), Donnie Aedy (B.Sc.) Abstract Background Informa6on The Dark Florets The objecJve of this study is to test whether Daucus carota (iniJally nave to Europe) was introduced to North America Research has shown that the dark central floret serves an or not there is a difference between the types about 150 years ago. It is highly invasive and tends to spread quickly. D. adapJve role in insect aracJon. Eisikowitch (1980) of pollinators present on Queen Anne’s Lace Carota is a biennial plant that can reach heights of up to 100 cm. They are observed a greater number of Musca flies visiJng dark (Daucus carota) umbels with dark central widely distributed, occur in a variety of habitat types, belong to the Family inflorescences relave to the white inflorescences. spots (dubbed “dark flowers”) and umbels Apiaceae, with "bird cage-like" inflorescences. Currently, half of the research Unfortunately the experiments were conducted with only without dark central spots (dubbed “white supports the hypothesis that the dark spot serves as an insect aractant and one species of fly and therefore only one potenJal flowers”). Since the Jme of Darwin, may be involved in insect mimicry. The other half of the research was pollinator. A Study by Goulson et al. (2009) supported speculaon about the role of the central dark inconclusive due to insufficient data. the role of the dark florets as an insect aractant. spot in the umbels of Queen Anne’s Lace However, a study by Westmoreland and Muntan (1996) (QAL) has been put forth. According to a found that the coloured florets did not serve any purpose paper by Lamborn and Ollerton (2000), in insect visitaon. The conclusions of the study were Darwin believed that the modified central Results ambiguous since it failed to control for all variables of flower served no funcJonal or adapJve seed dispersal and did not examine pollen loads for importance to the species and therefore was individual groups. Lamborn and Ollerton (2000) also did a remnant of an ancestral past. We separated not support the proposed adapJve role of the dark QAL umbels based on the colour of the inflorescences in pollinaon but only due to insufficient central flower and collected the insects data. present on each. Although sJll preliminary, we present evidence confirming a significant difference between insect populaon Reproduc6on distribuJons on “dark” and “white” flowers. Daucus carota contains hermaphrodiJc flowers (making up 95% of its primary umbels) and central staminate Purpose flowers, which also make up most secondary umbels. The central dark flower, if present, is always By solving the great debate of its funcJon, new hermaphrodiJc. Anther maturaon occurs before sJgma knowledge about the central dark spot and its development in order to maintain a protandrous possible role as an insect aractant could lead to dichogamy reproducJve strategy. future developments in culJvaon as well as in methods for improving agricultural processes in Conclusion culJvated carrots. In summary, the dark flowers and light flowers of D. carota do differ significantly with beetles being more Study Design Donnie Aedy (B.Sc.), present on the light flowers and bees and wasps being more present on the dark flowers. ConJnued analysis A study site was chosen consisJng of D. carota populaons in an open grassland will hopefully reveal a significant difference at the species environment. Plants were separated into two disJnct groups dubbed “white level and will prompt and inspire future research in this flowers” and “dark flowers” based on the treatment they receive. Aier area. It is strongly believed that this dark central floret treatment, data collecJon commenced using basic sweep neng procedures for serves a more adapJve purpose than simply being a 5 minutes on each treatment group in the morning (9:30 am) and in the late remnant of a possible ancestral past. aernoon (5:00 pm). This was done three Jmes a week for 2 weeks (24 samples). Temperature and Humidity was noted each day. Insects were idenJfied to family and later to species (for Hymenoptera, Diptera and Coleoptera) using various techniques. References 1. Eisikowitch, D. (1980). The role of dark flowers in the pollinaon of certain umbelliferae. Journal of Natural History. 12:737 – 742. 2. Goulson, D., McGuire, K., Munro, E.E., Adamson, S., Colliar, L., Park, K.J., Tinsley, M.C. and Gilburn, A.S. (2009). FuncJonal significance of the dark central floret of Daucus carota (Apiacease) L.; Is it an insect mimic? Plant Species Biology. 24:77 – 82. 3. Westmoreland, D. and Muntan, C. (1996). The Influence of dark central florets on insect aracJon and fruit producJon in Wuuen Anne’s Lace (Daucus carota L.). The American Midland Naturalist. 135:122 – 129. 4. Lamborn, E. and Ollerton, J. (2000). Experimental assessment of the funcJonal morphology of inflorescences of Daucus carota (Apiacease): TesJng the ‘fly catcher effect.’ Funonal Ecology. 14:445 – 454. .
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