Muslim Ummah in the Modern World Challenges and Opportunities

Hamdard Foundation Pakistan Hamdard 1 hinkers Forum Muslim Ummah in the Modern World Challenges and Opportunities Collected Papers and Speeches presented at an International Conference held in Karachi, Pakistan 3-5 September 2004 Copyright in all countries which are signatories to the Berne Convention TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword - Sadia Rashid vii The authors alone are responsible fier Preface the views expresscd in this publication - Ghulam Umar ix Summary and Conclusions - Mazhar Ali Khan Arif 1 1. Challenges and Opportunities - First edition - 2006 Overall Perspective of Muslim Ummah in the Modern World ------ 35 . Message General Pervez Musharraf ------- A Publication of - 37 . Welcome Address - Sadia Rashid ------ 39 de) .Challenges Facing the Muslim Ummah Baital.Hikmah in the Modern World ------- at - Mahathir bin Mohamad 43 Madinat al-Hikmah II. Religious, Social and Political - Muhammad Bin Qasim Avenue, Challenges and Opportunities ------- 53 Off Sharae , Madinat al-Hikmah, .Man and the Future of Civilization Karachi-74700, Pakistan An Islamic Perspective - Hakim Mohammed Said ------- 55 Published by . Reasons for the Decline of Muslims and Hamdard Foundation Pakistan Steps for Resurgence Nazimabad, Karachi-74600, Pakistan - Saiyid Hamid 64 . Muslim Ummah in the Modern World Challenges and Opportunities - N. Islam ------- 83 Price: . Muslim Ummah - Pak. Rs. 800/- U.S. $ 80/- New Definitions Needed - Javed Jabbar ------- 91 Printed by MAS Printers, Karachi, Pakistan iv v III. Economic Development - • Challenging the Challenges - Iftikhar A. Sirohev - - - - - - 98 Challenges and Opportunities ------- 205 Politicäl Environment, National and • Economic Challenges being faced by International Linkages in the the Muslim Ummah World and Opportunities for Islamic - Ishrat Husain ------- 207 Further Cohesion - Haziqul Khairi - - - - - - 112 The Challenge for the Muslim Ummah - Ahsan Iqbal ------- 214 • Suggested Responses to Challenges being faced by the . Needed Initiatives towards Greater Islamic World Economic Cooperation and - Mahdi Masud - - - - - - 116 Development ▪ Straightening Relations between the - Abdul Hafeez Shaikh ------- 222 Ummah West and the Muslim . Towards Solid Economic Ties through - - - - - - 121 - Abdul Matin Joint Infrastructural and Commercial • Extremism and the Use of Ventures Religion in Power Politics - - Rafique Ahmad ------- 232 Myth and Reality - Karamatullah K. Ghori - - - - - - 153 A Case for Science and Technology Ummah in the Muslim World ▪ Terrorism and the Muslim - Afzaal Mahmood - - - - - - 168 - Muhammad Iqbal Choudhaty and Shamsun Nahar Khan ------- 244 • Is Democracy Necessary for Muslim Polity? . I mproving Trade Relations among the S. M. Zafar - - - - - - 174 Muslim Countries - A. Razak Dawood • Conventional Islamit Rules of ------- 255 Governance and The Role of the Islamit Chamber of Allama Muhammad Igbal's Commerce and Industry in Promoting Concepts of Nationality and Development in the OIC Member State in Islam Countries - Javid Iqbal - Aqeel A. A1-Jassem ------- 266 • The Role of the Many Approaches Needed an Muslim World League Many Fronts - Abdullah Abu-Eshy - Humayoun Ihsan ------- 271 • Germany and Islam - Changing Role of Muslim Women in the Dialogue for the Future Modern World - Dietrich Reetz - Talat Ayesha Wizarat ------- 276 vi vii Selected Comparative Male/Fernale Data in Muslim Countries .,_: Shameim Kazmi ------- 283 Nced for an Islamic 'I'V Channel FOREWORD - Burhanuddin Hasan ------- 293 IV. Annexures ------- 297 Wc have grcat pleasure in presenting this collection of the papers and speeches delivered at the International Conference 1. International Conference on Muslim on Muslim Umnah in the Modern World - Challenges and Ummah in the Modern World - Challenges Opportunities, sponsored by Hamdard Foundation Pakistan and Opportunities - A Preview ------- 299 and held under the auspices of Shura Ilamdard at Karachi an Shura Hamdard Pakistan - 3-5 September 2004. A Brief Introduction ------- 303 Although ideally much more time should have been devoted 2. International Conference on Muslim Ummah to the planning and organizing of the Conference than what could in the Modern World - Challenges and be devoted in the circumstances, the participation in and the Opportunities - Programme, 3rd thru' contributions to the Conference turned out to be quite varied and 5th September 2004 ------- 306 Substantive. The collection clearly represents this variety and 3. Message substance. - Akbar S. Ahmed ------- 312 As readers will note, we have not produced this volume as 4. Co-ordinator's Remarks a record of proceedings as such of the Conference. In other - Ghulam Umar ------- 313 words, it is not a sequential session-by-session account of what 5. Closing Remarks happened at the Conference, rather; it is a compact presentation - Sadia Rashid ------- 316 of the themes and concepts as emerged. By the same token, the volume has kept the evolution of themes as the main presentational guideline rather than the personalities of the authors and speakers. Right after the Summit of the OIC member States in Malaysia, we in Hamdard Foundation Pakistan and in Shura Hamdard - the think tank of the Foundation - feit strongly that, independently of what OIC might itself propose to do, a follow- up was needed as quickly as reasonably possible so that the basic concerns expressed at the Summit could be explored further and substantiated, essentially by scholars and professionals, for future consideration and action in the Muslim world. This is in fact one reason why we proceeded rather headlong, if we may say so, in organizing the Conference. 194 195 82.5 million people. This is remarkable in the Sense that their numbers have doubled since 1987. It reflects certain recent trends of immigration in connection with the civil war in the former Yugoslav States. The Muslim community in Germany represents a diverse cosmos of cultural, linguistic and doctrinal traditions, of pious and secularised lifestyles. Two-thirds of the Muslims are of Turkish origin who came to Germany as contract workers in the sixties and early seventies, or who fled repressive political conditions GERMANY AND ISLAM under the military regime in Turkey. Approximately one-fourth of DIALOGUE FOR THE FUTURE the Muslims (650,000) are now German passport-holders. There is a slow but growing trend of conversion to Islam in Germany. About 120,000 Muslims are ethnic Germany who converted mostly DIETRICH REETZ* in connection with marriages to Muslims, but also on their own choice. Muslims of other ethnic stock include 170,000 from Bosnia, 115,000 from Iran, 81,000 from Morocco, 71,000 from Today we live in an era of generalisations and prejudices. Afghanistan, 51,000 from Iraq and 38,000 from Pakistan.' These Muslims around the world rightly complain about assumptions regions of origin mirror the geography of recent political and being made about Islam in the West that tend to stereotype the religious conflict more than economic deprivation. religion of Islam and the way of living in Muslim countries. But The vast majority of them are hard-working and law-abiding the same holds true for the so-called West. Germany is an example citizens who are highly respected in the German society. However, of the complex relationship between internal developments and conflict and tension also exist and they become partly inflated by external events. As part of the Western world it seeks to promote political contingency and partly by the media. Some of the global understanding while it is faced with its own requirements problems are a reflection of the particularity and diversity of their and compulsions. social and cultural milieu, the demands of which occasionally First, 1 will briefly talk about the Situation of Muslims living clash with integration into the German society, and also with in Germany. Then, I will sketch the relationship between Germany each other. Immigrants bring some of the conflicts of their home and Muslim countries. In the end, I will comment on the countries to their new place of residence where old feuds continue requirements for better understanding between the Western and and new ones are started. The Muslim community comprises the Muslim countries in a rapidly globalising world. strongly secularised Muslims as much as those who organise Currently about 3.5 million Muslims live in Germany. themselves for religious renewal and awakening. Orthodox They constitute almost 2.8 percent of Germany's population of groups are present, reformist sects and groups such as the Alevites (400-600 thousand) and the Ahmadiyya (60 thousand) who have *Research Fellow and Lecturer at the Department of Political Science, fled from persecution in Turkey and Pakistan. Also extremist Free University, Berlin. groups are represented. Groups such as Hamas, the Algerian 197 196 better education and employment opportunities. The number of the Khilafat State, the Lebanese Hizbollah, the inter GIA, national Turkish unemployed and lower-educated youth is much higher Hizb ut-Tahrir or the mainly Pakistani Khatm - e- Nabuwwat than among their German equals. Now emphasis has shifted to increasingly make their presence feit in Germany too. I re member compulsory German language tests and a much stronger insistence that some years ago 1 was consulted by the Internat Security on learning good German at an early age which is seen as a Services (Verfassungsschutz) about the nature of the c ontroversy better way of preventing immigrants from remaining at the social

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