8.2 Preliminary Design of Station Facilities
8.2.1 Preliminary Design of Station Facilities
(1) Outline of Preliminary Design 1) Choice from Station Preliminary design of station facilities is conducted for the following two stations.
Station name: ① Monumento (LRT Line 1) ② Magallanes (NR/MCX), Magallanes (LRT Line 3)
2) Preconditions Number of the users in future is projected based on the assumption for Case 4, underground through operation of NR/MCX, and through operation of Line 1 and Line 3 at Monumento as target year of 2015.
3) Outline of examination At Monumento (LRT Line 1) and Magallanes (LRT Line 3) stations, since the plan is to carry out improvements at existing station facilities which include separate platforms, only separate platforms shall be examined as the platform type.
Since Magallanes (NR/MCX) is planned as a new station, island platforms and separate platforms shall be examined as alternative platform types.
4) A summary of the station facilities plans A summary of the station facilities plans is shown in next page.
Items covered in the main text and appendices:
① Monumento (LRT Line 1)
Main text : preconditions, preliminary calculations, outline drawings Appendices : outline plans, work procedure drawings
② Magallanes (NR/MCX) island platform
Main text : preconditions, outline drawings Appendices : preliminary calculations, outline plans, work procedure drawings
8 - 12 Magallanes (NR/MCX) separate platforms Main text : no entries Appendices : preconditions, preliminary calculations, outline drawings
Magallanes (LRT Line 3) Main text : preconditions, outline drawings Appendices : preliminary calculations, outline drawings of current conditions
A summarization chart of the station facilities plans is shown on the following.
Table 8.2.1 Summarization Chart of Station Facilities Plans
Facility Magallanes Station Magallanes Station Monumento Station Station Name (NR/MCX) (LRT Line 3) Ground, underground Station structure Elevated station [Elevated station] station Platform type Separate Island (examination of [Separate] separate type finished) Platform width 7.0m [4.6m] 7.5m 2.4m [4.0m - 5.7m] and length 116m [102m] 210m 116m [127m] Totally covered Totally covered [Totally covered] Platform canopy 116 m [102 m] 210 m 116 m [127 m] Inner circle line: 1 ticket window [3 windows] Ticket issue 18 automatic ticket 23 automatic ticket machines Outer circle line: 14 automatic facilities machines ticket machines, 8 ticket windows [3 windows) 8 automatic ticket Inner circle line: 5 automatic Ticket inspection 17 automatic ticket barriers barriers ticket barriers [3 units] facilities 1 ticket barrier and guard window 1 ticket barrier and guard Outer circle line: 5 automatic window ticket barriers [3 units) Pavement 1F - free corridor 3F, for 2 people (general use), 24 units Concourse 1F - platform Pavement 1F - free corridor Escalators Concourse 3F - platform 2F, for 2 B1, for 2 people, 2 units 3F, for 1 person, 16 units people (general use), 4 units Total: for 2 people, 28 units Pavement 1F - free corridor 3F, also for wheelchair users, 2 units [Pavement 1F - ticket Concourse 1F - platform window/barriers and platform Elevators Concourse 3F - platform 2F, also B1, also for wheelchair for wheelchair users, 2 units 2F - free corridor 3F: also for Total: also for wheelchair users, users, 1 unit wheelchair users, 2 units] 4 units Pavement 1F - free corridor 3F: 5.6 m Concourse 1F - platform [Pavement 1F - free corridor Stairs Concourse 3F - platform 2F: B1: 2.6 m 3F] 2.4 m
Width of free 15.0m (3F) 7.0m (1F) 3.4m [5.0m (3F)] corridor Line 1 single track (single PNR single track (single Work conditions platform) operation platform) operation User of station 314,000 persons/day 133,700 persons/day 131,900 persons/day area in 2015 40,800 persons/hour 17,400 persons/hour 17,100 persons/hour Note) Explanations in [ ] parentheses indicate quantities and structure, etc.
8 - 13 8.2.2 Outline Plan for Improvement of Monumento Station
1. Particulars of Monumento Station Improvement Plan
In planning the station passenger facilities, calculation shall be carried out upon setting the particulars of each facility.
(1) Projection of Future Users at Monumento Station Based on various data such as future population in the area around the station, the projected number of users at Monumento Station (in 15 years) is approximately 314,000 boarding and alighting passengers per day. Projected numbers of passengers traveling in each direction per hour during the rush hour are as shown below. Moreover, the rush rate is currently 12.3% (January 2000), but this shall be assumed to increase by 1% to 13% in consideration of future network development, etc.
[99,400 people] [55,800 people] (12,900 people) (7,200 people) Inner circle line North.A Monumento Station Outer circle line Sourth.T (9,700 people) (11,000 people) Total (40,800 people) [74,300 people] [84,600 people] [314,000 people]
Fig. 8.2.1 Future Boarding and Alighting Passengers at Monumento Station (hourly in rush hour) [per day]
(2) Future Operating Plan The hourly number of trains during rush hour shall be 26 each on the inner and outer circle lines, and each train shall consist of four electric cars.
(3) Track Structure and Work Conditions Track structure in the area of new Monumento Station construction is indicated below.
1) Track gradient: 0.2% 2) Distance between track centers: 3.2 m or more
8 - 14 Work conditions: when carrying out platform improvement, insert simple turnouts before and after the station and adopt single track operation (single platform).
(4) Passenger Facilities (existing) 1) Station building : elevated station 2) Platform : separate, platform length approximately 102 m, platform width approximately 4.6 m, platform height R. L - 690 mm, distance between track center and platform edge 1,370 mm 3) Platform canopy : length approximately 102 m
(5) Outline Plan of Station Facilities 1) Calculation of platform width Platform width is calculated based on the projected number of boarding and alighting passengers in future.
① Required platform width on inner circle line (Monumento → North Ave.) γ •B= B1 + B2 + 1/2 γ = 0.2×(Pa/n) + 2Pb/31n +
B : platform width
B1 : width occupied by passengers waiting to board trains
B2 : width occupied by passengers alighting from trains onto the platform γ : necessary width for pillars and train refuge, etc. Bench: 0.4 m
B2 = 2Pb/31n (case of Pb/n < 6.4 ln) or 13n/3 (case of Pb/n > 6.4 ln)
Pa : peak boarding passengers per train (assuming an average of 1 electric train per hour during rush hour) 7,200 people/26 trains≒280 people
Pb : peak alighting passengers per train (assuming an average of 1 electric train per hour during rush hour) 12,900 people/26 trains≒500 people l : 1 train length≒26.5 m (average) n : cars per train = 4 cars
From the above Pb/n = 500/4 = 125<6.4ln = 6.4×26.5×4≒678
Therefore: B2 = 2Pb/3ln = 0.2×(280/4)1/2 + 2×500/(3×26.5×4) + 0.4≒5.2 m
8 - 15 ② Required platform width on outer circle line (Monumento → South T.) γ •B= B1 + B2 + 1/2 γ = 0.2×(Pa/n) + 2Pb/31n +
Pa = 9,700 people/26 trains≒370 people
Pb = 11,000 people/26 trains≒420 people
Pb/n = 420/4 = 105<6.4ln = 6.4×26.5×4≒678
Therefore: B2 = 2Pb/3ln = 0.2×(370/4)1/2 + 2×420/(3×26.5×4) + 0.4≒5.0 m
2) Calculation of platform width (calculation from structures on platforms, etc.) In addition to the calculations indicated in 1), since platform width is also sometimes computed from the width of stairs and escalators on platforms and the distance between these structures and platform edges, examination of these items is carried out.
Required platform width: • Distance with pillars on platforms shall be 1 m or more • Distance with overpasses and underpasses, etc. shall be 1.5 m or more.
Therefore, on separate platforms, minimum distances will be as follows (see figure): Platform width = 1.5 + maximum width of structures on platforms
However, from the viewpoint of wheelchair use and safety, a minimum distance of 2.0 m is desirable, in which case the following expression will be adopted: Platform width = 2.0 + maximum width of structures on platforms
Required platform width
1,500 mm Calculated value 1,650 mm or more or more if 2 people 2,000 mm 300 mm 300 mm 200 mm or more Stairs ESC
＋
Fig. 8.2.2 Calculation of Platform Width
8 - 16 ① Maximum Width of Structures on Platforms
a) Inner Circle Line Platform i) Calculation of stair width and escalator width Calculate from the projected number of boarding and alighting passengers (per hour during rush hour) = 20,100 people (7,200 boarding passengers + 12,900 alighting passengers). It shall be assumed that 2 stairs and 2 escalators (1200 type, for 2 people) are installed on the platform.
○ 2 escalators (1200 type, for 2 people) Transportation capacity of escalators: 6,750×2 units = 13,500 people/hour
○ Stair width Necessary stair width (20,100 - 13,500)/1,500≒4.4 m Width per staircase: 4.4/2 = 2.2 m > minimum width = 1.5 m
ii) Stair walls, handrail walls, etc.≒1.0 m
iii) Maximum width of structures on platforms = Stair width and escalator width + stair wall, handrail wall, etc. = Stair width 2.2 m + escalator width 1.65 m + 1.0 m = 4.85 m
iv) Platform width Platform width = 2.0 + maximum width of structures on platforms = 2.0 + 4.85 = 6.85≒7.0 m
b) Outer circle line i) Calculation of stair width and escalator width Calculate from the projected number of boarding and alighting passengers (per hour during rush hour) = 20,700 people (9,700 boarding passengers + 11,000 alighting passengers). It shall be assumed that 2 stairs and 2 escalators (1200 type, for 2 people) are installed on the platform.
8 - 17 ○ 2 escalators (1200 type, for 2 people) Transportation capacity of escalators: 6,750×2 units = 13,500 people/hour
○ Stair width Necessary stair width (20,700 - 13,500)/1,500≒4.8 m Width per staircase: 4.8/2≒2.4 m > minimum width = 1.5 m
ii) Stair walls, handrail walls, etc.≒1.0 m
iii) Maximum width of structures on platforms = Stair width and escalator width + stair wall, handrail wall, etc. = Stair width 2.4 m + escalator width 1.65 m + 1.0 m ≒5.0 m
iv) Platform width Platform width = 2.0 + maximum width of structures on platforms = 2.0 + 5.0 = 7.0 m
c) Platform width Therefore, platform width on the inner circle and outer circle lines shall be 7.0 m.
○ Purpose, layout and numbers of the above escalators
Purpose of escalators: general use escalators Number of escalators: 4 units
3) Calculation of platform length Platform length = rolling stock length×number of cars + overrun allowance
= 26.5 m×4 cars + 10 m = 106 + 10 = 116 m
4) Required number of ticket barriers Since passenger flow within stations often becomes blocked at ticket barriers, it is necessary to install enough ticket barriers to prevent this from happening.
8 - 18 The required number of ticket barriers is calculated from the number of boarding and alighting passengers and passing speed at the most congested time.
[Manned ticket barriers]
1 n n N = 1 + 2 + A T P1 P2
N : number of ticket barriers T : 1 hour (3,600 seconds)
n1 : boarding passengers per hour at most congested time
n2 : alighting passengers per hour at most congested time
P1 : passing number of boarding passengers per unit hour (1.0 person/second)
P2 : passing number of alighting passengers per unit hour (1.0 person/second) A : standby barriers, 1 or more (depending on station conditions)
[Automatic ticket barriers]
n n N = 1 + 2 + A 40× S 40×S
N : number of automatic ticket barriers
n1 : boarding passengers per S minutes at most congested time
n2 : alighting passengers per S minutes at most congested time 40 : passing number of boarding passengers per one minute S : More congested time (depending on line condition) A : standby barriers (depending on station conditions)
Since automatic ticket barriers basically operate in a single direction, when calculating the required number of barriers, it is necessary to take other times into consideration.
Here, examination is based on the number of boarding and alighting passengers per hour during rush hour in consideration of the peak rate.
[Calculation]
Rush boarding passengers per hour 7,200 + 9,700 = 16,900 people Rush alighting passengers per hour 12,900 + 11,000 = 23,900 people
Manned barriers Na = 1/3,600×(16,900/1.0+23,900/1.0)+1≒11.3+1≒13 Automatic barriers Nb = 16,900/(40×60)+23,900/(40×60)+1≒7.0+10.0+1=18
Therefore: In case of manned barriers: 13 barriers
8 - 19 In case of automatic barriers: 8 in, 10 out, 18 in total
5) Ticket Issue Facilities Ticket issue facilities are divided into ticket windows and automatic vending machines, etc. However, it is preferable that short distance boarding tickets (inexpensive tickets) be purchased from vending machines.
[Required number of automatic vending machines]
n N = 0.0333× n + 667
N : required number of vending machines n : estimated total number of sold tickets = daily number of boarding passengers (inner circle line 55,800 + outer circle line 74,300)×0.5 (estimate here: purchase rate of tickets on the day) = 130,100×0.5≒ 65,100 tickets
= 65,100/(0.0333×65,100 + 667)≒22.9≒23 units
[Number of ticket windows]
n ×1.5 N = Tickets sold per hour × effective time
N : required number of ticket windows n : estimated total number of sold tickets = 65,100
= 65,100×1.5/(200×16)≒31 windows
Since the purchase rate of tickets on the day is 50% and the numbers of automatic ticket vending machines and ticket windows are high at 23 and 31 respectively, it will be necessary to take steps (utilization of season tickets and coupon tickets, etc.) to cut down on the sale of tickets on the day.
6) Calculation of width of free corridors, stairs and escalators ① Width shall be 1.5 m or more in order to avoid hindrance to the smooth flow of passengers. ② The basis for calculation of width shall be 1 m per 2,000 people/hour.
8 - 20 The future projection of boarding and alighting passengers is 40,800 people (per hour in rush hour), but it is imagined that the number of station users passing through will be 10% of this figure. Moreover, the utilization rate of station front and rear entrances shall be 6:4.
Therefore, calculation of the number of front entrance users and width of the free corridor is carried out.
① Number of front entrance users
Front entrance users (per hour during rush) = future boarding and alighting passengers (per hour during rush)×use rate + number of people passing through = 40,800×0.6 + 40,800×0.1≒28,600
② Calculation of free corridor width
Calculation of free corridor width = users (per hour during rush) /2,000 people/H/m = 28,600 people/2,000 people/H/m≒14.3≒15.0 m
③ Calculation of front entrance stair width and escalator width
Calculate from the number of front entrance users, i.e. 28,600 (per hour during rush). Assume installation of one staircase leading from the pavement to the free corridor, and three upward or downward escalators (1200 type, for 2 persons).
○ 3 escalators (1200 type, for 2 persons) Escalator transportation capacity: 6,750 people/hour×3 units = 20,250 people/hour
○ Stair width Necessary stair width (28,600 - 20,250)/1,500 people/hour≒5.6 m
○ Stair walls, handrail walls, etc.≒1.0 m
○ Calculation of stair and escalator width (assuming 1 staircase and 2 escalators per site) Stair 5.6 m + escalators 1.65 m×3 units + stair walls, handrail walls 1.0 m ≒11.6≒12.0 m
8 - 21 ○ Purpose, layout and number of above escalators Purpose of escalators : general use escalators Layout of escalators : parallel layout Number of escalators : 1F - central 2F, central 2F - 2F, 2F - central 3F, central 3F - 3F; 3 escalators × 4 sites = 12 escalators West entrance and east entrance (2 sites)×12 units = 24 units
7) Ticket windows and ticket barriers plan, and calculation of concourse area Concourse area (outside the inner compound) is calculated using the following expression by totaling the area in front of ticket windows and the flow area.
A = U + T
A: required area U: area in front of ticket windows T: flow area
① Area in front of ticket windows
Area in front of ticket windows is the space required for boarding and alighting passengers to purchase boarding tickets, etc. This is refuge area necessary for people waiting to purchase tickets.
•U = B1×L1
B1: total width of ticket windows
L1: depth in front of ticket windows (3 m is assumed as standard)
400 400 500 500 500 500
Fig. 8.2.3 Preliminary Plan of Automatic Ticket Vending Machines
B1: required number of automatic ticket vending machines = 23 (from (5) 5) ticket issue facilities)
8 - 22 B1 = 23×0.5 + (23 - 1)×0.4 + (0.5 + 0.5) = 21.3≒22.0 m = 22.0×3.0 = 66.0 m2
② Flow area
Flow area is the concourse area required for the flow of boarding and alighting passengers.
•T = B2×L2
B2: flow width (however, minimum width shall be 4 m)
B2 = (L3×N) + B3
L3 : unit width of ticket collection windows N : calculated number of ticket collection windows In case of automatic passage from the required number of ticket windows in (5) 4), 8 entry, 10 exit = 18 total, with one window also serving as a guard room.
L3×N≒1.0 m×17 units + guard window 1.15 m≒18.2 m
B3 : flow width correction value 2 m = 18.2 m×2 m = 20.2 m≒21.0 m
200 200 200 200 200 550 550 550 1,050 : In Inside barrier : Out Guard room : Combined
: Combined with ticket issue
Fig. 8.2.4 Preliminary Plan of Automatic Barrier
L2: depth in front of ticket collection windows
L2 shall be 3m as standard, and depth in front of ticket collection
windows shall be 0.5 B2 or more.
3 m < 0.5 B2 = 0.5×21.0 = 10.5 m = 21 m×10.5 m = 221 m2
(Notes) This examination of station facilities is based on the outline manual of station planning, and dimensions of facilities are calculated from generally adopted figures in Japan.
8 - 23 ㎜ 200 ㎜ ESC 1,650 ㎜ For 2 people 300 ㎜ Stairs 2,550 ㎜
300
＝ L 3.0m ㎜ 1 Platform width = 7,000 mm width Platform
2,000
＝ 3.0m L 1 =2.5m Ｕ １ Guard B window platform of section Rough Preliminary ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ 1.15m ＝ 3 L 2 automatic ticket2 automatic vending machines machines 1.0m ㎡ g ≒ 3 221 L Ｕ =21.0m 2 B 17 automatic ticket barriers ticket Ｔ＝ 21 ticket automatic vendin
2.0m
＝ L 10.5m 2 ＝ 3 B 116.0m Preliminary of plan station facilities (3F) Fig. 8.2.5 Fig. Outline of Facilities at Monumento Station Improvement
Free corridor width = 15.0 m width corridor Free
6.0m 7.0m (2F) platforms of plan Preliminary 7.0m
8 - 24 ｍ 1.0 ESC for 2 people for ESC ｍ 20.0
ESC for 2 people for ESC ｍ 7.7 Fares Line map ｍ hi
21.0 Automatic ticket vending
ｍ 4.0 ｍ 4.3 ｍ 1.0 ｍ 1.0 ｍ× 25 × 6 2 sites Automatic barriers ticket
ｍ ｍ 18.0 1.0 Fig. 8.2.6 Fig. Preliminary Section of Facilities at Monumento Station Improvement ｍ 20.0 ｍ 1.0
8 - 25 8.2.3 Plan for Construction of Magallanes Station (NR/MCX)
1. Particulars of Magallanes Station Construction Plan
In planning the station passenger facilities, calculation shall be carried out upon setting the particulars of each facility.
(1) Projection of Future Users at Magallanes Station Based on various data such as future population in the area around the station, the projected number of users at Magallanes Station (in 15 years) is approximately 133,700 boarding and alighting passengers per day. Projected numbers of passengers traveling in each direction per hour during the rush hour are as shown below. Moreover, the rush rate shall be 13%.
[26,100 people] [43,500 people] (3,400 people) (5,700 people) South Bound Sucat Magallanes Station North Bound D. Jose (1,500 people) (6,800 people) Total (17,400 people) [11,600 people] [52,500 people] [133,700 people]
Fig. 8.2.7 Future Boarding and Alighting Passengers at Magallanes Station (hourly in rush hour) [per day]
(2) Future Operating Plan The hourly number of trains during rush hour shall be 18 each in the southbound and northbound directions, and each train shall consist of 10 electric cars.
(3) Track Structure and Work Conditions Track structure in the area of new Magallanes Station construction is indicated below.
1) Track gradient: level 2) Distance between track centers: 4.0 m or more
8 - 26 Work conditions: considering that the existing PNR Magallanes Station will keep operating while the new Magallanes Station is being constructed, insert simple turnouts before and after PNR Magallanes Station and adopt single track operation (single platform) around the station.
(4) Passenger Facilities 1) Station building : ground station 2) Platform : island type, platform length R. L. - 1,100 mm, distance between track center and platform edge 1,485 mm 3) Track and platform level : B1
8 - 27 ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ㎜ ㎜ 2,000 300 ㎜ 2,900 Stairs ㎜ 300 ㎜ Platform width = 7,500 mm width Platform 2,000 ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋
platform Preliminary section of
＝ ＝ 3.0m 3.0m L L 1 1 14.9m
1.5m 2.2m 1.5m 2.2m ㎡ 11 =3.5m Guard １ window Ｕ＝ B 3 automatic ticket 3 automatic vending machines vending ㎡ 45 Ｕ＝ 1.0m ≒ ㎡ 3 =15.0m L １ 72 =12.0m B 2 B Ｔ＝ 210.0m 8 automatic ticket8 barriers automatic 15 automaticticket machines vending 2.0m ＝ 3 B
Fig. 8.2.8 Fig. Station Outline of Facilities at Magallanes Improvement
＝ L 6.0m 2 ２ .0m Free corridor width = 7.0 width corridor Free Preliminary of plan station facilities (1F)
(B1) platform of plan Preliminary 7.5m
8 - 28
8,400
800
1,000 5,600 1,000 3 Automatic ticket 3 Automatic vending machines Plaza 800 2,200 Line map, fares map, Line 1,500 700 16,500 8 automatic ticket8 barriers automatic 1,500 Station building 2,200 7,500 Fig. 8.2.9 Fig. Preliminary Section of Station Facilities at Magallanes Improvement 800 Plaza
8 - 29 8.2.4 Outline Plan for Improvement of Magallanes Station (LRT Line 3)
1. Particulars of Magallanes Station Construction Plan
In planning the station passenger facilities, calculation shall be carried out upon setting the particulars of each facility.
(1) Projection of Future Users at Magallanes Station Based on various data such as future population in the area around the station, the projected number of users at Magallanes Station (in 15 years) is approximately 131,900 boarding and alighting passengers per day. Projected numbers of passengers traveling in each direction per hour during the rush hour are as shown below. Moreover, the rush rate shall be 13%.
[63,400 people] [200 people] (8,200 people) (0 people) Inner circle line Taft Ave. Magallanes Station Outer circle line D. Jose (8,600 people) (300 people) Total (17,100 people) [66,200 people] [2,100 people] [131,900 people]
Fig. 8.2.10 Future Boarding and Alighting Passengers at Magallanes Station (hourly in rush hour) [per day]
(2) Future Operating Plan The hourly number of trains during rush hour shall be 24 each on the inner circle and outer circle lines, and each train shall consist of 4 electric cars.
(3) Track Structure and Work Conditions Track structure in the area of new Magallanes Station construction is indicated below.
1) Track gradient: level 2) Distance between track centers: 3.4 m or more
8 - 30 (4) Passenger facilities Station building : elevated station Platform : separate type, platform width 4.0-5.7 m, platform length 127 m, platform height R. L - 900 mm, distance between track center and platform edge 1,380 mm Track and platform level : 2F Free corridor : 3F
8 - 31 New ESCNew 1F-3F
ELV
5.5m 5.7m
1.45m 5.7m To free corridor (3F) corridor free To (1F) pavement To
← ← 127m See separate figure for improvement plan improvement for figure separate See 84m
Fig. 8.2.11 Fig. Station Outline of Facilities at Magallanes Improvement 4.0m North Bound (2F) platform of plan Preliminary
← 1.2m
8 - 32 300 500 300 500 300 2 automatic ticket2 automatic vending machines 500
300
barrie r drawing the preliminary see circle line, circle line. outer the of
← Inside (Based existing on facilities dimensions) Note) inner the elevators for new Concerning inner automatic of circle line Preliminary plan barrier ③ ② ESC (for 1 person) 2 units 1 person) (for ESC ① 3 ticket windows machine: 8 units 8 machine: 6,350 Automatic ticket vending 6 automatic ticket6 automatic vending machines 1,780 ELV 300 500 300 500 0 300 50 300 500 300
3,650
Fig. 8.2.12 Fig. Plan of Preliminary Improvement to Outer Circle Ticket Line Facilities, etc. Issue
barrie r
← Inside 2 ticket automatic machines ① ② 3 ticket windows ③ ③ 2 ticket windows ④
8 - 33 8.3 Preliminary Design of Station Plaza
8.3.1 Proposed Alternative Station Plaza Lots and Case Study Stations
For the two case study stations (Monumento and Magallanes Stations), propose alternative station plaza lots, and then compare and evaluate the proposed lots.
Both case study stations are expected to have more passengers in the future, and will have heavier traffic of jeepneys, etc. Accordingly, to relieve the congestion on the roads around the station, a new station plaza should be constructed separately from the roadways.
To construct berths and roads for the transfer of passengers in a station plaza, a lot that is considerably wide is necessary. However, if the lot around the station would already be crowded with various urban facilities and it would be difficult to obtain a large unused land, adopt a multi-level crossing system for the station plaza. In addition, select several considerably large lots with low buildings, and propose these lots as the alternative station plaza lots.
Compare the proposed alternative lots from the viewpoint of the reconstruction policy, scale, facility layout, reconstruction cost, convenience, effect of reconstruction (from the viewpoint of transportation and city facilities), maintenance cost, problems, etc. Considering the comparison results, select an alternative station plaza lot.
(1) Monumento Station Plaza １) Number of station plaza users and necessary area
Assume that the future number of passengers of this station will be about 250,000 persons/day and the future number of station plaza users will be about 375,000 persons/day. Also assume that 40% of the passengers getting off a train will walk, 53% will use jeepneys, and 5% will use buses. In this case, a lot with an area of about 11,000 m2 is needed to meet the demands of these people. However, if all the berths were gathered at one place, more crossings would be needed and heavier traffic would result. For this reason, berths should be separated.
By the way, there are several considerably large, unused lands in the southwestern area of the station. For this reason, if part of the western area routes and all the southwestern area routes were introduced into the newly-built station plaza, about 1/3 of the entire facilities would be introduced. This means that about 5,000 to 7,000 m2 land is needed.
8 - 34 • Necessary number of berths if about 1/3 of the entire facilities were introduced: Bus = 2 - 3 berths Jeepney = 8 - 10 berths Taxi = 9 - 10 berths (Excluding tricycle) Total area = Approx. 4,000 m2 (General public space rate = 0.3) → Including margin, secure 5,000 to 7,000 m2 land.
Reference 1: Current transportation services around Monumento Station (see figure below): • PUJ service = 9,684 jeepneys/day
• PUB service = 2,894 buses/day
PUJ=970
PUB= 39
PUJ=3,102
PUB=588
PUJ=2,842
PUB=2,267
PUJ=
272
PUJ=895
PUJ=1,603
Fig. 8.3.1 Current Transportation Services around Monumento Station
Future transportation services if the station plaza is constructed in the southwestern area: • Jeepney = 1/2 of western area service (3,102/2) + 1/2 of southern area service (1,603/2) + 1/2 of northern area service (970/2) + 1/2 of southern/northern area service (895/2) + 1/2 of southeastern area service (272/2) = 3,421 jeepneys/day • Bus = Part of eastern area service (2,267/3) = 750 buses/day • Total = Approx. 4,100 vehicles/day (Approx. 1/3 of all services)
8 - 35 Reference 2: Layout (proposed) if station plaza is separated into two: east and
west plazas (see figure below):
Jeepney, Bus routes Deck
デッキ
ジプニー、バス経路
West plaza East plaza
西駅広 東駅広
Station
駅
Fig. 8.3.2 East and West Plazas
• If two station plazas were constructed (on the east and west sides of the station) between the station and the trunk road, traffic congestion could be greatly eased compared with that of only one station plaza. In addition, jeepney and bus routes can be freely designed and the number of detours can be reduced. In addition, the number of berths on the peripheral roads can be greatly reduced. • However, two spacious lots should be secured for this layout, and several crossings with a signal should be newly installed to ensure asmooth vehicle flow. For this reason, only thewest station plaza construction scheme should be adopted.
２) Proposal of alternative station plaza lots
It is preferable that the station plaza be constructed around Monumento Station of LRT Line 1. However, if this line is extended and MRT Line 3 is constructed, the station may be moved, and a new station may be constructed. For this reason, the land around the Monumento crossing should be examined as the lot for the station plaza.
The land around the station is now used for business, and most of the buildings along the trunk roads are medium-scale or small-scale buildings. There is a considerably wide area of unused land that is currently a parking lot, a jeepney
8 - 36 terminal, and a bus terminal. Including this area, six alternative lots have been proposed.
C 8,300㎡
A B F 6,500㎡ 9,200㎡ 13,000㎡
E
13,000㎡
D
9,700㎡
Monumento sta.
Fig. 8.3.3 Alternative Lots Proposed for Monumento Station Plaza
Each lot was evaluated from the viewpoint of possibility of acquisition, convenience in passenger transfer, effect of easing traffic congestion, etc. Table 8.3.3 shows the evaluation results.
3) Selection of alternative station plaza lot The main purpose of station plaza reconstruction is to offer further convenience to the railway users by providing an easier boarding and alighting system, by relieving congestion, and by reducing the time required for passenger transfer. The other purposes are to ensure a fine view around the station, and to activate urban activities around the station.
For this reason, an alternative lot should be selected from the six proposed alternative lots considering the land area from the viewpoint of future demands, land shape from the viewpoint of easy layout of berths, easy connection to trunk roads, easy redevelopment, etc.
The result of total evaluation has revealed that lot E in the southwest corner of the Monumento crossing is the best lot, and the second best is lot F. The other lots have problems, and therefore obtained low valuations.
8 - 37 Regarding lots E and F, a level crossing system is currently adopted, and a wide area can be used.
Lot F is near the crossing, and is now used as a parking lot, jeepney terminal, etc. In addition, this lot is along the trunk road, and an overpass to the station can be easily constructed for the pedestrians. Lot F therefore has many advantages. However, since there are many landowners, it will not be easy to acquire the entire lot.
On the other hand, lot E is away from the trunk road compared with lot F. To improve convenience of this lot for the railway transfer passengers, the access road should be widened and reconstructed. However, this lot has the widest usable area, and is now used as a bus terminal. In addition, this lot is near the station, and smooth traffic control will be possible.
In conclusion, lot E should be examined as the future station plaza of Monumento Station.
8 - 38 Table 8.3.1 Comparison and Evaluation of Proposed Alternative Lots for Monumento Station Plaza
Evaluation Proposed Area (X m2) Distance Compensation for alternative
4 points ○ The lot is almost Since the lot is along the highway, traffic 6,500 Ｘ rectangular. So the shape is ◎ Since the lot is at the crossing, it is congestion on the road will be greatly Several medium- ○ Reconstruction of existing good, but if a multi-level easy to introduce the terminal relieved. In addition, this lot will scale business Since the lot is slightly away A 170m facilities and adoption of crossing system is adopted, transportation facilities, and traffic become a landmark. However, from buildings (1 from the station, it is necessary the multi-level crossing smooth traffic control may be congestion on the road will be greatly the viewpoint of the reconstruction building is now to construct an overpass. system are indispensable? difficult because the land is relieved. schedule, there are serious problems under construction.) small. because moving offices, etc. is indispensable. ○ Buses and jeepneys traveling along EDSA can easily use this lot as the terminal for changing vehicles. For this reason, more people will use this station plaza than any other plazas. This lot can 3 points ○ The lot is almost greatly activate the area around the lot. Since the Since the lot is along the highway, traffic Ｘ rectangular. So the shape is lot is at the Monumento crossing, the station plaza congestion on the road will be greatly 9,200 ○ △ Reconstruction of existing good, but if a multi-level will become a landmark. relieved. In addition, this lot will more than 10 low- Since the lot is slightly away Negotiation with the B 190m facilities and adoption of crossing system is adopted, become a landmark. However, from rise business from the station, it is necessary landowners is necessary the multi-level crossing smooth traffic control may be the viewpoint of the reconstruction buildings to construct an overpass. to reconstruct the system are indispensable? difficult because the land is ○ existing buildings and to schedule, there are serious problems small. The lot is situated at the crossing. For move the tenants. One because moving offices, etc. is this reason, if most of the terminal of the schemes for this indispensable. transportation facilities were introduced land is to construct a into the station plaza, traffic congestion on building, and the 1st and the road would be relieved. 2nd floors of this building should be used as the station plaza, and ○ The lot is almost Ｘ the other floors should Ｘ rectangular. So the shape is Ｘ Buses and jeepneys traveling along EDSA can be used for offices, etc. -1 point 8,300 Reconstruction of existing good, but if a multi-level Since the lot is far away from easily use this lot as the terminal for changing The lot is far away from the station, and C Several low-rise 360m facilities and adoption of crossing system is adopted, the station, it is necessary to vehicles. However, pedestrians cannot easily use cannot ensure convenience in changing business buildings the multi-level crossing smooth traffic control may be construct an overpass. this lot. For this reason, this lot cannot be a base transport modes. system are indispensable? difficult because the land is of this area, and cannot activate the city. small.
○ The lot is almost ○ 3 points Ｘ rectangular. So the shape is △ Since this lot is away from the EDSA road, buses Since the lot is at the station, it is 9,700 ◎ Reconstruction of existing good, but if a multi-level Since this lot is away from the EDA will not frequently use this plaza. However, this convenient in changing vehicles. Bus terminal, Since the lot is in front of the D 0m facilities and adoption of crossing system is adopted, crossing, the station plaza use rate will be place is convenient for jeepneys and pedestrians. However, buses traveling along EDSA several low-rise station, it is the most convenient the multi-level crossing smooth traffic control may be low, and traffic congestion will not be For this reason, the number of pedestrians will cannot easily enter the lot. For this business buildings for the pedestrians. system are indispensable? difficult because the land is relieved. increase, and the lot can be a base of this area. In reason, this lot will not greatly relieve small. addition, this lot can activate the city. traffic congestion.
11 points A terminal complex building can be ◎ easily introduced into this lot. For this There are not many ◎ Ｘ ◎ 13,000 ◎ reason, the landowners also have a landowners. Since the lot The lot is considerably wide. Since this lot is slightly away from the Since this lot is now Bus depot and Since the lot is considerably merit. Since the lot is near the station, E 200m is level now, no facilities Thus, there is enough space, EDSA crossing, the station plaza use rate ◎ used as a bus terminal, terminal, low-rise close to the station, this lot is people can easily change transport should be moved. The and the vehicles can flow will be low, and traffic congestion will not Since this lot is away from EDSA, buses will not the station plaza can be business buildings convenient for the pedestrians. modes. However, since this lot is multi-level crossing system smoothly. be relieved. frequently use this plaza. However, this lot is easily constructed. slightly far away from EDSA, some can be easily adopted. spacious. For this reason, there is enough space that enables construction of the exchange space or measures should be adopted to attract environment-enhancing space. In addition, since a people to the plaza. ○ multi-level business building can be easily 6 points There are many ◎ Ｘ introduced, this lot can be a base of the area. △ 13,000 ◎ Since there are several pieces of unused landowners. Most of the The lot is considerably wide. Since this lot is far away from the EDSA Furthermore, this lot can activate the city. Negotiation with the Jeepney terminal, Since the lot is considerably land, this lot has few problems from the F 200m facilities have only 1 floor. Therefore, there is enough crossing, the station plaza use rate will be landowners of the parking lot, low-rise close to the station, this lot is physical point of view. However, It is easy to introduce a space, and the vehicles can low, and traffic congestion will not be unused land is buildings convenient for the pedestrians. negotiation with landowners would be a multi-level crossing flow smoothly. relieved. necessary. big problem. system. (Note) Distance from station indicates the shortest route between construction site and station.
8 - 39 (2) Magallanes Station Plaza 1) Number of station plaza users and necessary area Assume that the future number of passengers of this station will be about 120,000 persons/day and the future number of station plaza users will be about 180,000 persons/day. Also assume that 30% of the passengers getting off a train will walk, 10% will use tricycles, 40% will use jeepneys, 15% will use taxis, and 5% will use buses. Moreover, assume that about 1/2 of nearby station users will use the station plaza. In this case, a lot measuring about 2,500 m2 is needed to meet the demands of these people. Including margin, the target area was determined to be 4,000 m2.
• Necessary number of berths if about 1/2 of the entire facilities were introduced: Bus = 2 berths Jeepney = 5 berths Taxi = 7 berths (Excluding tricycle = 4 berths) Total area = Approx. 2,500 m2 (Other area rate = 0.3) → Including margin, secure 4,000 m2 land.
2) Proposal for alternative station plaza lots It is preferable that the station plaza be constructed around Magallanes Station of LRT Line 3 or PNR station.
The land around the station is now used as an industrial area, a housing area, or a business area, and multi-level crossings are adopted for the trunk roads. There is a considerably wide, unused land under the elevated roads. In addition, on the east side, there is an unused public lot.
Fig. 8.3.4 Alternative Lots Proposed for Magallanes Station Plaza
8 - 40 Considering effective use of the nearby lots, seven alternative lots were proposed.
Each lot was evaluated from the viewpoint of possibility of acquisition, convenience in changing transport modes, effect of easing traffic congestion, etc. Table 8.3.2 shows the evaluation result.
3) Selection of alternative station plaza lot The main purpose of station plaza construction is to reduce the parking time of buses and jeepneys and to relieve traffic congestion on the peripheral roads by transferring the berths from the peripheral roads to the newly-built station plaza, and to offer further convenience to the railway users by providing an easier boarding and alighting system. The other purposes are to ensure a fine view around the station, and to activate urban activities around the station.
For this reason, an alternative lot should be selected from the seven alternative lots considering the land area from the viewpoint of future demands, land shape from the viewpoint of easy layout of berths, easy connection to highways, easy acquisition of land, etc.
The result of total evaluation has revealed that lot A under the elevated highway is the best lot, and the second best is lot F, which is an unused public land. The third is lot B under the elevated trunk road, and the fourth is lot E, which is a factory site.
Lot A is a road space and is under the elevated road. Furthermore, this lot is at the middle point of both stations. Owing to this characteristic, this lot would be convenient for those who have to transfer to another mode. In addition, this lot can greatly relieve the traffic congestion on the peripheral roads. If change in use of the nearby area would be promoted, the station plaza constructed on this lot would become an eastern gateway of this city. The other lots are now being used for various purposes, and it will be difficult to acquire these lots. In conclusion, lot A should be examined as the future station plaza of Magallanes Station. The berths for southern area however should be secured. It is therefore necessary to examine lots A and B as a set.
8 - 41 Table 8.3.2 Comparison and Evaluation of Proposed Alternative Lots for Magallanes Station Plaza
Evaluation Proposed Distance Area (X m2) Compensation for alternative from station Effect in relieving congestion on Condition for
11 points ○ 7,300 Since the lot is at the middle point of ◎ ◎ Many people walk into this lot now to change Space under elevated ◎ both stations, many people use this lot. The shape is almost a regular Many people walk into this lot transport modes. This lot will promote the nearby Ａ highway of multi-level 170m Public lot (road or railway) In addition, since the lot is along the square, and vehicles can flow now to change transport modes. area to change the use of the area, and this lot will crossing (with jeepney and without any building highway, this lot can greatly relieve become the eastern gateway of the city. In terminal) smoothly. This lot is the most convenient. traffic congestion. Moreover, this lot addition, this lot can activate the city. can be easily acquired. ◎ ◎ Since the lot is at the crossing, it is easy to Since this is a public lot, introduce the terminal transportation the station plaza can be facilities, and traffic congestion on the easily constructed. ◎ road will be greatly relieved. 7 points 1,800 △ ◎ The lot is rather small, but Ｘ It is easy to acquire this lot. However, Space under elevated Since the lot is far away from Ｂ 330m Public lot (road or railway) the shape of the lot is almost Since the station plaza (this lot) is away from the since this lot is far away from both highway of multi-level the station, it is necessary to and without any building a regular square, and vehicles busy area, this lot cannot activate the city. stations, traffic congestion will not be crossing construct an overpass. can flow smoothly. greatly relieved.
X △ There are many X 8,400 ◎ △ 0 points landowners. Since the lot is far away from The lot is at the crossing. However, the Many low-rise The shape is almost regular lot can be used for southern and western Since the lot is away from the station, the number of The lot is far away from the station, and Ｃ 330m Reconstruction of existing the station, the lot is not business buildings, square, and the vehicles can area routes only. For this reason, the lot station plaza users will be small, and this lot cannot it will not be convenient for those who facilities and adoption of convenient for those who etc. will change transport modes. the multi-level crossing flow smoothly. change transport modes. cannot greatly relieve the traffic greatly activate the city. congestion (effect will be 1/2 of lot A). system are indispensable?
△ 6,200 Excluding the unused Many parks and ◎ X △ 1 point lands, reconstruction of △ unused pieces of land The shape is almost a regular Since the lot is far away from Since the lot is away from the station, the number of The lot is far away from the station, and Ｄ 380m existing facilities and Just like lot C, this lot cannot greatly Business and cultural square, and vehicles can flow the station, the lot is not station plaza users will be small, and this lot cannot it will not be convenient for those who adoption of the multi-level relieve the traffic congestion, either. △ facilities are located smoothly. convenient for the pedestrians. greatly activate the city. will change transport modes. on part of this lot. crossing system are Negotiation with the indispensable? landowners is necessary to reconstruct the existing buildings and to move the tenants. One of the schemes for this 8 points ◎ ◎ ◎ land is to construct a The lot is at the middle point of both 7,200 There are not many The lot is considerably wide. Many people walk into this lot Since the lot is at the crossing, it is easy to building, and the 1st and stations, and comparatively convenient. Ｅ Factory site 140m landowners. The unused For this reason, there is now to change transport modes. introduce the terminal transportation 2nd floors of this In addition, the lot can greatly activate Material storage place lots will be leased. enough space, and vehicles This lot is convenient for the facilities, and traffic congestion on the building should be used the city. However, it is not clear if the can flow smoothly. pedestrians. road will be greatly relieved. as the station plaza, and lot can be acquired easily. the other floors should ○ be used for offices, etc. Since this lot is at the middle point of both stations, 6,400 ◎ many people use this lot to change transport modes 6 points ◎ ○ X or to get on and off vehicles. This lot will promote Deserted building? Is the landowner a public Since this is a public lot, it can be easily The lot is considerably wide. Since the lot is considerably The lot can be used for eastern area routes the nearby area to change the use of the area, and Ｆ With unused land 0m corporation? Is it possible acquired. However, this lot cannot For this reason, vehicles can close to the station, the lot is only. For this reason, the lot cannot this lot will become the eastern gateway of the city. (Public facility? 4- to effectively use the relieve the traffic congestion on the flow smoothly. convenient for the pedestrians. relieve the traffic congestion. In addition, this lot can activate the city. story building) unused land? road.
◎ ◎ ○ X 6 points 8,000 There are not many The lot is considerably wide. Since the lot is considerably The lot can be used for western area The location is good. However, this lot Ｇ Factory site 120m landowners. The problem For this reason, vehicles can close to the station, the lot is routes only. For this reason, the lot cannot relieve the traffic congestion on With parking lot is that part of the facilities flow smoothly. convenient for the pedestrians. cannot relieve the traffic congestion. the road. should be reconstructed.
(Note) Distance from station indicates the shortest route between construction site and MRT station.
8 - 42 8.3.2 Drawings of Preliminary Design for Station Plaza
In designing a station plaza for a large-scale station, be sure to consider the function of the station in the city, the scale of the station, the necessary facilities, the use of nearby lands, vehicular and pedestrian flow lines, etc. This section examines the proposed design outline for the two selected stations described in the previous section.
(1) Monumento Station Plaza 1) Design outline Monumento Station is the northern gateway of this city, and is the terminal station of LRT Line 1. This station therefore has the largest number of passengers, and functions as the base of the public and road traffic, and also functions as the base of the city activities. The city will be more active in the near future, and to solve various problems caused by such an active city, a station plaza should be constructed around this station.
The purpose of the station plaza is to gather into the station plaza the small-scale berths (berths of the western and southwestern area routes mainly) of various transport modes for transfer passengers. Construction of such a station plaza will reduce the distance between the station and the berths and also reduce the time required for changing transport modes. In addition, the plaza will reduce the parking time of various vehicles on the peripheral roads, and will relieve traffic congestion. In addition, a fine view, service facilities, and disaster preventive space will also be provided.
The station plaza lot is about 1.3 ha including the unused lands. On this lot, a multi-level complex building that could function as the traffic base should be constructed. For the plaza, therefore, environmental spaces should be secured, and a passageway that connects the plaza to the station should be constructed, and the multi-level crossing system should be adopted for the nearby crossings. In addition, the building should also be used for business and residential purposes. In this way, the ideal station plaza and ideal transportation system around the station should be designed.
8 - 43 2) Reconstruction of station plaza Regarding the transportation facilities, in addition to the existing bus terminal, construct enough berths for each mode used by transfer passengers so that they can meet the future demands.
Regarding the landscape-enhancing facilities, secure enough area for the environmental zone, and install historic monuments. In addition, introduce necessary facilities, such as service facilities, into the environmental zone, and design convenient and easy-to-understand vehicular and pedestrian circulation.
By the way, a pedestrian zone that connects the station to the station plaza is needed. To ensure a smooth flow of people in the pedestrian zone, provide a wider promenade by reconstructing the existing passageway, among other things.
Around the station, various stores, offices, or houses will be developed from now on. To ensure a smooth access from the nearby area to the station, be sure to examine the road reconstruction plans of the nearby area.
(2) Magallanes Station Plaza 1) Design outline Magallanes Station is the eastern gateway of this city, and the MRT Line 3 and the PNR Line are connected to this station. Since there is a large-scale development plan for the southern area, this station will have a larger number of passengers in the future. The city will be more active in the near future, and to solve various problems caused by such an active city, a station plaza should be constructed around this station.
Buses are now using EDSA, and the bus routes are comparatively long. In the future, the railway network with the bus routes will be enhanced, and the bus routes will be restructured. The jeepney berths dispersed around the station will be gathered into the newly-built station plaza, and jeepney routes will also be restructured.
To cope with such structural change, construct a station plaza that can mainly function as the base of the southern area feeder transportation modes. In addition, reduce the distance between the station and the plaza, and also reduce the time required for changing transport modes. The purpose of this station plaza is to
8 - 44 reduce vehicular parking time on roads around the station, and to relieve traffic congestion on the trunk roads.
On the spacious lot under the elevated roads, construct the station plaza, and be sure to secure an environmental zone in the plaza. In addition, for the pedestrians, construct a passageway that connects the plaza to the station, and also construct a multi-level crossing system at the nearby crossing. Moreover, construct a pedestrian zone between the plaza and the nearby business and housing areas. In this way, the ideal station plaza and ideal transportation system around the station should be designed.
2) Reconstruction of station plaza On two lots (eastern and western lots) under the elevated road, construct a separate type station plaza.
Since the eastern lot is near the LRT and PNR line stations, construct main facilities on this lot.
Since the western lot is small, construct minimum facilities on this lot.
Drawings of Station Plazas for Monumento area and Magallanes area are shown in Fig. 8.3.5 to 8.3.8.
There are two alternatives of "Conservative and Rotary Gate Types" for Monumento area the and "Disperse Type" for Magallanes area.
8 - 45