ISSN 2167-8596 Volume 2 Issue 1 Summer 2013 The Healing Art of Color Aromatherapy Endobiogeny & Aromatherapy Alpha and Beta Pinene A Natural Approach to Candida albicans Mango Seed Oil—True Nectar from the Seductive Fruit Aromatherapy at Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, Eucalyptus staigeriana Cape Town, South Africa A Social Media Primer for Your TM Business-Part One & Fragonia Fostering the education and practice of the professional holistic aromatherapist www.ijpha.com Editor Lora Cantele, RA, CMAIA, CSRT From the Editor [email protected] Summer is nearly upon us and, with it all, its vibrancy Editorial Advisory Committee and color. This issue is dedicated to Color. For those Cindy Black, L.Ac. familiar with Rosemary Caddy’s Essential Oils in Colour, we www.meridianmassageinstitute.com present two oils with very colorful chemical profiles— Andrea Butje, LMT, Clinical Aromatherapist Eucalytpus staigeriana and FragoniaTM. Both oils feature www.aromahead.com Linda Byington, RA, Cert. Reflexologist -pinene and -pinene and E. Joy Bowles provides insight www.elementalaromas.com into these chemical components. Suzanne Catty, LHP, Clinical RA, Cert. Reflexologist www.newworldorganics.com Linda-Anne O’Flaherty shares her experience working in an African Eileen Cristina, LMT, Clinical Aromatherapist pediatric hospital where the M-Technique has become the method of [email protected] administering essential oils. In the burn unit she uses her colorful blend Debbie Freund, RN, CCAP Mindy Green, MS, RA, RH (AHG) of essential oils and M-Technique to provide treatment and comfort. www.greenscentsations.com Rhiannon Harris, FIFPA As a complementary therapy, aromatherapy can enhance the benefit of www.essentialorc.com other healing therapies. Constance Hart discusses her work as a color Robert Tisserand, Essential Oil Consultant aromatherapist and the history of color in healing. Perhaps this is a new www.roberttisserand.com area of exploration for consideration in your practice. Publication Enhancements Aromatherapy LLC Another area of integration is Endobiogeny where the assessment goes 5435 Indian Summer Ct Boulder, CO 80301—USA beyond the interpretation of standard medical tests and incorporates the Tel: + 815 814 1444 Skype: lora.cantele use of essential oils, herbal supplements and tinctures to help restore the Email: [email protected] Web: www.ijpha.com terrain to homeostasis. The IJPHA is published quarterly ISSN 2167-8588 We look at Mango Seed oil with Kc Rossi. Aside from the skin protect- Disclaimer ing benefits of this emollient oil, Kc provides the research into its UV The editor/publisher does not accept protection. responsibility for the opinions, advice, and recommendations of its contributors. Furthermore, the IJPHA accepts no Liz Fulcher writes for us again, this time with a focus on boosting your responsibility for any incident or injury to business with social media. Liz shows you step by step how to begin and persons or property resulting from the use of any method, products, instructions shares with us the common pitfalls and the pros and cons of the various or ideas contained within this publication. platforms in her two-part social media primer. Advertising Acceptance of an advertisement by the Happy summer! IJPHA does not imply the endorsement or guarantee of quality by the IJPHA. Author Guidelines Lora Cantele The IJPHA welcomes your articles and case studies for submission! Questions, On the cover: Eucalyptus [Eucalyptus staigeriana] may be submitted to the editor/publisher. For information with regard to article Photo: John Moss Wikimedia Commons submissions, advertising rates, and subscriptions visit our website to download a complete Media Kit with Writing Guidelines at: © 2013 IJPHA All Rights Reserved by the IJPHA The contents of this journal are the copyright of the International Journal of www.ijpha.com Professional Holistic Aromatherapy (IJPHA) and may not be reprinted without permission of the IJPHA. The information contained herein may not necessarily represent IJPHA’s opinions or views. IJPHA Vol. 2 Issue 1 Summer 2013 3 In this issue 3 From the Editor 5 Essential Oil Profile: Eucalyptus staigeriana Jade Shutes, BA, Dipl. AT, Certified Herbalist 11 Alpha and Beta Pinene E. Joy Bowles, PhD, BSc (Hons) 15 The Healing Art of Color Aromatherapy Constance Hart, Certified Color Therapist, Color Energy Expert, Color Aromatherapist 21 Aromatherapy at Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa Linda-Anne O’Flaherty, Therapeutic Aromatherapist 24 A Natural Approach to Candida albicans Suzanne Catty, LHP, Clinical RA, Cert. Reflexologist 26 Summer Fields: Creating a Memory with Fragrance Christopher McMahon 27 Mango Seed Oil—True Nectar from the Seductive Fruit Kc Rossi, Certified Aromatherapist 31 Endobiogeny and Aromatherapy Jean Claude Lapraz, MD, Kamyar M. Hedayat, MD and Dan Kenner, PhD, LAc TM 38 Fragonia - Taxandria fragrans Mark Webb, BSc, MASCC 43 A Social Media Primer for Your Business Liz Fulcher, Clinical Aromatherapist and Aromatherapy Educator 49 Good To Know... 50 Recipe from the Sensual Kitchen Kris Wrede, Aromatic Alchemist 4 IJPHA Vol. 2 Issue 1 Summer 2013 Essential Oil Profile: Eucalyptus staigeriana Jade Shutes, BA, Dipl. AT, Certified Herbalist E. staigeriana by John Moss Wikimedia Commons Taxonomy Blending Eucalyptus staigeriana Odor description: fruity lemony, fresh, sweet Other common name: Lemon-scented ironbark Note: Top Blends well with: Thyme ct. thymol or ct. linalol, Botanical family: Myrtaceae Patchouli, Helichrysum, Geranium, Rose, Lavender, Melissa Botany This is a small to medium-sized tree, usually of poor Safety information form in its natural habitat which is granite or Due to its content of citral, Eucalyptus staigeriana sandstone hills of Cape York Peninsula in far could potentially be a skin sensitizer. Citral is a northern Queensland. The bark is typical ironbark, weak to moderate sensitizer. (Lalko and Api, i.e. hard, black and furrowed. The crown is 2004) Due to its content of limonene, Eucalyptus conspicuously bluish due to the blue-green to stageriana could potentially become a dermal glaucous, usually broad, adult leaves. The sensitizer if allowed to oxidize.* inflorescences are terminal panicles. Buds and fruit are small and inconspicuous (Coppen, 2002). *Oxidized limonene is a skin sensitizer Pure limonene is a weak contact allergen in experimental studies and History and myth seldom causes positive patch test reactions in dermatitis patients in clinical studies. Autoxidation of limonene, the primary oxidation Eucalyptus species have a history of traditional use products, the hydroperoxides (limonene-1-hydroperoxide and by the Australian aboriginal people who refer to it as limonene-2-hydroperoxide), are the most potent allergens in the "malee." The genus name Eucalyptus comes from the oxidation mixture (Christensson, 2009). Greek "eukalyptos," meaning "well-covered," and refers to its flowers that, in bud, are covered with a Eucalyptus staigeriana is an uncommon essential oil, cup-like membrane that is thrown off when the so little information is available on it as a whole flower expands. Eucalyptus has been integrated into essential oil. Due to the lack of information on the traditional medicine systems of the Chinese, Indian therapeutic applications of E. staigeriana, we can look Ayurvedic and Greco-European. at its chemistry in-order to extrapolate some of the potential applications for this beautiful and gentle Extraction lemon-scented essential oil. It differs from Eucalyptus citriodora which is rich in the aldehyde citronellal. Country of origin: Australia, Brazil, South Africa, Citronellal, unlike citral, has a much harsher potent Part of plant used: Leaves and mature branches lemon aroma. Extraction method: Distillation The main components, according to one of the few Oil content: 2-5% papers available on its chemistry, are: limonene and citral. We will explore research on each of these Color of oil: Pale to dark yellow components to further our understanding of the potential applications for E. staigeriana. IJPHA Vol. 2 Issue 1 Summer 2013 5 Chemical constituents Citral exhibits anticarcinogenic activity by inducing caspase-3 in tumor cell lines, specifically in several Chemical profile for E. staigeriana hematopoietic cancer cell lines (which includes non– hodgkin’s lymphoma, leukemia, and multiple Chemical Family Components myeloma) (Dudai et al, 2005). Monoterpenes α-pinene (2.7-3.27%), β-pinene (0.06%), p-cymene (0.84-1.76%), limonene (17.66-28.82%), α-terpinolene (9.4%) Citral inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis Alcohols trans-geraniol (4.2-4.31%), citronellol and cell cycle arrest in MCF-7 cells (Chaouki et al, (2.36%), terpinene-4-ol (1.65%), linalol 2009). Note: MCF-7 is a cell line that was first iso- (1.72%), a-terpineol (5.39%), trans-p- lated in 1970 from the breast tissue of a 69-year old mentha-2-en-1-ol (0.17%) Caucasian woman. MCF-7 cells are useful for in vitro Esters methyl geranate (3.66-5.62%), geranyl breast cancer studies because the cell line has re- acetate (3.86-5.05%), neryl acetate (2.81%), lavandulyl acetate (0.4%) tained several ideal characteristics particular to the mammary epithelium. These include the ability for Aldehydes neral * (9.34-10.77%), geranial* (10.84- 14.66%), β-citronellal (0.8%) MCF-7 cells to process estrogen, in the form of estradiol, via estrogen receptors in the cell cyto- Oxides 1,8-cineole (3.89-5.39%) plasm. This makes the MCF-7 cell line an estrogen *Citral (3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal or lemonal) is either of, or a receptor (ER) positive control cell line. (http:// mixture of, a pair of terpenoids with the molecular formula mcf7.com/) C10H16O. The two compounds are double bond isomers. The E- isomer is known as geranial or citral A. The Z-isomer is known as neral or citral B (Wikipedia, 2013). Citral, as a major component of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), is found to be an effective The chemical composition of E. staigeriana is sourced from: mosquito repellent in topical treatments (Oyedele et Maciel et al, 2010 and DaGloria et al, 2010.