Preface The IBM System/38 employs both advanced tech­ nology and many new data processing concepts. While the laboratory in Rochester, Minnesota, had primary responsibility for design and development, IBM people in laboratories in Boeblingen, Germany, Burlington, Vermont, and East Fishkill, New York, made important contributions. Our mutual objective was to produce a system that would be both accessible and extendable, and at the same time offer efficient conversion facilities. Function menus, help keys, multilayer messages, and a system-wide control language are essential elements of System/38, along with a flexible "user authoriza­ tion" scheme for system integrity and security. We chose to avoid traditional hardware-dependent addressing and storage management and instead to readily accommodate new technologies and storage organizations through a high-level machine archi­ tecture that not only frees the user from earlier restrictions but also supports a new kind of data base facility. Finally, because System/38 is viewed as a growth path from present systems, especially the IBM System/3, we developed conversion techniques rather than an emulator to give these users an opportunity The papers in this volume are not intended to replace IBM to benefit from the novel, even unique, capabilities of publications in describing the capabilities of the system the System/38. components and how to use them. Keep in mind that the papers are for general technical communication purposes; they do not represent an IBM warranty or commitment to Some 50 authors are represented in this special specific capabilities in the referenced products. collection of papers. I want to thank them and their Different structures and levels of detail may exist in the many colleagues whose combined efforts made papers because they were written as technical articles by System/38 a distinguished family of IBM products. various developers of the System/38. In order to preserve their technical integrity and vitality, they have not been integrated relative to consistency of style, language, or method of presentation. B. G. Utley Note that these papers will not be updated as changes are Manager, GSD Advanced Systems December 1978 made over time to the System/38 products. ------- - E==ffi Product esign and development I t mISS General yst ms Division T hni I v I m nls IBM S/38 TECH DEV, pp. 1-110, 1978 Table of contents G. G. Henry 3 Introduction to IBM System/38 architecture ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY SUPPORT N. C. Berglund 7 Processor development in the LSI environment H. W. Curtis 11 Integrated circuit design, production, and packaging for System/38 M. N. Donofrio, B. Flur, and R. T. Schnadt 16 Memory design/technology for System/38 UNDERLYING MACHINE STRUCTURE R. L. Hoffman and F. G. Soltis 19 Hardware organization of the System/38 M. E. Houdek and G. R. Mitchell 22 Translating a large virtual address D. O. Lewis, J. W. Reed, and T. S. Robinson 25 System/38 I/O structure E. F. Dumstorff 28 Application of a microprocessor for I/O control F. X. Roellinger, Jr. and D. J. Horn 32 Microprocessor-based communications subsystem J. N. Tietjen and W. E. Hammer 36 Microprocessor-based work station controller D. T. Brunsvold 38 Microprocessor control of impact line printers for printing character-string data J. W. Froemke, N. N. Heise, and J. J. Pertzborn 41 System/38 magnetic media controller R. A. Peterson 44 Shared function controller design © 1978 by International Business Machines Corporation. See individual articles for copying information. ISBN 0-933186-00-2. Printed in U.S.A. HIGH -LEVEL MACHINE STRUCTURE S. H. Dahlby, G. G. Henry, D. N. Reynolds, 47 System/38-A high-level machine and P. T. Taylor V. Berstis, C. D. Truxal, and J. G. Ranweiler 51 System/38 addressing and authorization K. W. Pinnow, J. G. Ranweiler, and J. F. Miller 55 System/38 object-oriented architecture C. T. Watson and G. F. Aberle 59 System/38 machi.ne data base support R. E. French, R. W. Collins, and L. W. Loen 63 System/38 machine storage management P. H. Howard and K. W. Borgendale 67 System/38 machine indexing support SOME ADVANCES IN PROGRAMMING SUPPORT A. J. Conway and D. G. Harvey 70 User-System/38 interface design considerations D. G. Harvey and A. J. Conway 74 Introduction to the System/38 Control Program Facility c. T. Watson, F. E. Benson, and P. T. Taylor 78 System/38 data base concepts H. T. Norton, R. T. Turner, K. C. Hu, 61 System/38 work management concepts and D. G. Harvey J. H. Botterill and W. O. Evans 83 The rule-driven Control Language in System/38 C. D. Truxal and S. R. Ridenour 87 File and data definition facilities in System/38 R. O. Fess and F. E. Benson 91 File processing in System/38 H. T. Norton and T. R. Schwalen 94 Table-driven work management interface in System/38 R. A.Demers 97 The generalized message handler in System/38 J. K. Allsen 100 System/38 common code generation 103 Authors 109 Appendix: Reader's guide © 1978 by International Business Machines Corporation. See individual articles for copying information. ISBN 0-033186-00-2. Printed in U.S.A. States that new concepts in System/38 architecture include a layered structure providing consistent interfaces, a Introduction to unique high-level machine architecture, and capabilities for virtual addressing and task management. Support IBM System/38 functions are summarized and architectural concepts are described. architecture G.G. Henry The IBM System/38 is a new general-purpose data' oriented to support advanced user requirements. library, test and debug, source maintenance, and processing system designed to provide a high level data base utility functions. of function, ease of use, reliability, serviceability, and non<:lisruptive growth. It supports advanced data Figure 1 shows a high-level view of the system, in­ base and interactive work station applications as well cluding the dependency of all programming upon The remainder of this paper addresses the key con­ as traditional batch applications. These extensive the machine instruction set and the dependency of cepts of System/38 architecture. capabilities are made possible by the use of novel RPG III and IDU upon CPF functions. .architecture and design concepts, advanced techno­ logies, and new implementation of system compo­ Some key characteristics of the user-oriented support nents, both hardware and software. The new concepts are: include a layered structure providing consistent inter­ • Extensive data base facilities providing field-level faces, a unique high-level machine architecture, Control described data, .pro~am independence from _p~ysical Program and powerful capabilities for virtual addressing and Facility fue structures through use of logical fues, and simul­ task management. taneous access to data by multiple users. The data base concepts are discussed by Watson, et al [1]. This paper first summarizes the user support provided • Flexible work management functions supporting by the System/38 components and then introduces several different application approaches and allowing some of the salient archit~ctural concepts that per­ dynamic sharing of storage and other system re­ System/38 machine vade the design of System/38. sources. Work management aspects are treated by Norton, et al [2,3] . • High levels of device independence provided to System function programs-including screen formats and local/remote Figure 1 A high-level view of the architecture of System/38 consists of a machine and three major transparency. Various aspects are covered by-Truxal System/38 IBM licensed programs: Control Program Facility and Ridenour [5], and Fess and Benson [12]. (CPF), RPG III, and Interactive Data Base Utilities • New control language and data definition inter­ (IOU). The CPF provides operating system functions faces providing consistent access to all control to other programming components and to the end­ program and utility functions. These are discussed © 1978 by International Business Machines Corporation. Copying is permitted without royalty provided that (1) each user. RPG III is an enhanced version of the well­ by Botterill and Evans [4], and by Truxal and reproduction is unaltered and (2) the IBM copyright notice established RPG II language. IOU provides inter­ Ridenour [5] . and a reference to this book are on the first page. The title active data entry, source language entry, and query • Comprehensive and integrated authorization facili- and abstract may be used without further permission in information-service systems. Permission to republish in full functions. These components fit together to provide ties, which are reviewed by Berstis, et a1 [6]. should be obtained from IBM GSD Technical Communica­ a comprehensive and cohesive set of capabilities • Powerful program development facilities such as tions, Atlanta, GA 30301. HENRY INTRODUCTION TO IBM SYSTEM/38 ARCHITECTURE 3 System-oriented design and implementation Layered system structure Most systems have a layered structure to some degree. A total-system approach was used for the architec­ The significant concepts of the System/38 approach ture, design, and implementation of System/38. This approach to system-wide design and integrated are that there is only one interface for any general That is, system-wide design trade-offs were made function is supported by the layered structure of the type of usage; this interface is designed such that during the design and implementation of all compo­ system. System/38 support is structured into hori­ all functions are presented in a consistent and extend­ nents of the system. This approach toward eliminat­ zontal layers, each providing a consistent interface able fashion, and the interface does not require or ing potential p~oblems of design mismatch was sup­ that is not dependent upon implementation details permit use of implementation details of the next ported by imposing no internal compatability con­ of the other layers.