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Određivanje Konkurentskih Sposobnosti Linijskoga Kontejnerskog Servisa

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Određivanje Konkurentskih Sposobnosti Linijskoga Kontejnerskog Servisa SVEUČILIŠTE U RIJECI POMORSKI FAKULTET U RIJECI Dipl. inž. Jakov Karmelić ODREĐIVANJE KONKURENTSKIH SPOSOBNOSTI LINIJSKOGA KONTEJNERSKOG SERVISA DOKTORSKI RAD Rijeka, 2014. SVEUČILIŠTE U RIJECI POMORSKI FAKULTET U RIJECI Dipl. inž. Jakov Karmelić ODREĐIVANJE KONKURENTSKIH SPOSOBNOSTI LINIJSKOGA KONTEJNERSKOG SERVISA DOKTORSKI RAD Mentor: prof. dr. sc. Serđo Kos Komentor: doc. dr. sc. Alen Jugović Rijeka, 2014. UNIVERSITY OF RIJEKA FACULTY OF MARITIME STUDIES B.Sc. Jakov Karmelić DETERMINATION OF THE COMPETITIVE ABILITIES OF LINER CONTAINER SERVICE DOCTORAL THESIS Rijeka, 2014. Mentor rada: Dr. sc. Serđo Kos, redoviti profesor Pomorskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci Doktorski rad obranjen je dana 12. ožujka 2014. godine na Pomorskom fakultetu u Rijeci, pred Povjerenstvom za obranu u sastavu: 1. Dr. sc. Alen Jugović, docent Pomorskog fakulteta u Rijeci, komentor i predsjednik 2. Dr. sc. Serđo Kos, redoviti profesor Pomorskog fakulteta u Rijeci, mentor i član 3. Dr. sc. Elen Twrdy, izvanredna profesorica Fakulteta za pomorstvo in promet Univerze v Ljubljani, član SAŽETAK U teorijskom dijelu disertacije iznose se (teorijske) značajke linijskoga kontejnerskog brodarstva, s detaljnom strukturom svjetskih kontejnerskih kapaciteta i prometa. Istražuju se postupci i faze projektiranja linijskoga kontejnerskog servisa i donosi njihova tipologija. Zaključuje se da se linijski kontejnerski servisi s obzirom na opseg i način pružanja prijevozne usluge mogu kategorizirati u: direktne i indirektne servise „od luke do luke“ i direktne i indirektne servise „od vrata do vrata“. Nakon provedene sustavne analize kriterija za vrednovanje linijskih kontejnerskih servisa zaključuje se da ne postoje općeprihvaćeni kriteriji, te se provodi anketiranje pomorskih agenata u svijetu i u Hrvatskoj s ciljem prikupljanja fonda kriterija i rangiranja kriterija iz perspektive korisnika. Na temelju znanstvene metodologije sintetiziraju se odabrani kvantitativni i kvalitativni kriteriji koji odražavaju tehnološko-organizacijska obilježja obavljanja multimodalne prijevozne usluge od strane brodara. Pet odabranih kriterija su: ekonomsko-komercijalni, kriterij pouzdanosti i kontinuiteta, kriterij raspoloživosti, dokumentacijski kriterij i kriterij odnosa s korisnicima. Svaki kriterij ima svoje potkriterije. U radu se (na temelju provedene analize) daje prijedlog modela višekriterijske optimizacije linijskoga kontejnerskog servisa AHP metodom koji ima za cilj, iz perspektive korisnika, odabrati najbolji tip servisa u odnosu na četiri ponuđene alternative, na osnovi odabranih pet osnovnih kriterija s dvadeset i četiri potkriterija. Rezultat modela upućuje na zaključak da je direktni servis „od vrata do vrata“ najbolja varijanta za korisnika. Predloženi model može poslužiti svim subjektima koji su uključeni u multimodalni prijevoz tereta u prihvaćanju univerzalnih tehnološko-organizacijskih sastavnica multimodalne prijevozne usluge i njegovih kvantitativnih i kvalitativnih kriterija i potkriterija, s detaljnim načinom utvrđivanja relativne važnosti (pot)kriterija i relativne preferencije alternativa. Takav model može se koristiti u praksi te se može prilagođavati drugačijim konkretnim situacijama (proširivanje kriterija s potkriterijima i alternativama, anketiranje stvarnih korisnika na različitim tržištima i dr.). Također, donosi se i prijedlog benchmarking modela konkurentnosti linijskoga kontejnerskog servisa koji predstavlja standard linijskoga kontejnerskog servisa i na osnovi kojeg brodar može redovito provoditi interna i eksterna mjerenja konkurentnosti, s ciljem poboljšanja uočenih slabosti i stalnog unapređenja obavljanja linijskog servisa. Zaključno, u radu se dokazuje da se obavljanje multimodalne prijevozne usluge od strane brodara zbog svoje složenosti i ogromnih investicija ne može prepustiti stihiji nego zahtijeva inovativan pristup, uz korištenje najnovijih znanstvenih i praktičnih dostignuća, s ciljem projektiranja i obavljanja takvog servisa koji će svojom izvedbom predstavljati korisniku prihvatljiviju prijevoznu uslugu u odnosu na konkurenta i time omogućiti daljnji rast i razvoj kontejnerskog brodarstva. Ključne riječi: linijski kontejnerski servis, konkurentnost, brodar, AHP metoda I SUMMARY The theoretical part of this doctoral thesis presents (theoretical) features of container liner shipping, along with a detailed structure of the global container capacity and turnover. Container liner service design procedures and phases have been subject to research and presented by the typology. It has been concluded that container liner services, with regard to the scope and modality of the transport service supplied, may be categorized as: „port to port“ direct and indirect services and „door to door“ direct and indirect services. Based on a systematically performed analysis of container liner service evaluation criteria, it has been concluded that there are no generally accepted criteria at all and a survey has been carried out among shipping agents both worldwide as well as in Croatia with a view to collect a fund of criteria to be ranked from a user's point of view. Using scientific methodology, the selected quantitative and qualitative criteria have been synthetized which reflect technological and organizational features of the multimodal transport service performed by shipowners. The selected five criteria are: the economical-commercial, reliability and continuity, availability, documentary and the relations with users criteria. Every single criterion is further divided into subcriteria. Based on the analysis performed, the paper presents a model proposal for a multi criteria optimization of container liner service by AHP method aimed, from a user’s point of view, at singling out the best service type from among the four on offer, on the basis of the selected five basic criteria with twentyfour subcriteria. The model outcome suggests the conclusion that the „door to door“ direct service represents the best variant for users. The proposed model may be useful to all those involved in multimodal transport services, in accepting the universal technological and organizational components of the multimodal transport service and its quantitative and qualitative criteria and subcriteria, with a detailed way to establish the comparative importance of (sub)criteria and the comparative preference for alternatives. The model may be used in practice and may be adapted to different specific situations (extension of criteria with subcriteria and alternatives, interviewing actual users on different markets, and the like). The thesis also presents a benchmarking model proposal for container liner service competitiveness which represents the container liner service standard for internal and external competitiveness to be measured by operators, with the aim of improving any weaknesses observed and continuous enhancement of liner service in general. To conclude, the paper brings evidence in support of the fact that, due to the complex nature and enormous investment, nothing in the performance of multimodal transport service by operators should be left to spontaneity but should rather be addressed with an innovative approach, using most recent scientific and practical achievements, with the aim of achieving a service design and performance which would be better acceptable for users than the competition, thus to enable further enhancement and growth of container shipping. Key words: container liner service, competitiveness, service operator, AHP method II SADRŽAJ SAŽETAK ................................................................................................................................ I SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................ II SADRŽAJ ............................................................................................................................... III 1. UVOD .............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1. OBRAZLOŽENJE TEME ................................................................................ 1 1.2. PROBLEM, PREDMET I OBJEKT ISTRAŽIVANJA .................................... 6 1.3. ZNANSTVENA HIPOTEZA I POMOĆNE HIPOTEZE ................................ 8 1.4. SVRHA I CILJEVI ISTRAŽIVANJA .............................................................. 9 1.5. OCJENA DOSADAŠNJIH ISTRAŽIVANJA ............................................... 10 1.6. ZNANSTVENE METODE ............................................................................. 12 1.7. STRUKTURA DOKTORSKE DISERTACIJE .............................................. 15 1.8. OČEKIVANI ZNANSTVENI DOPRINOS ................................................... 17 2. TEORIJSKE ZNAČAJKE LINIJSKOGA MORSKOG BRODARSTVA .................... 19 2.1. DEFINIRANJE MORSKOG BRODARSTVA KAO SUSTAVA ................. 19 2.2. PODJELA MORSKOG BRODARSTVA ...................................................... 23 2.3. LINIJSKO BRODARSTVO ........................................................................... 26 2.4. ZNAČAJ LINIJSKOG BRODARSTVA U SVJETSKOJ EKONOMIJI ....... 29 2.5. LINER SHIPPING CONNECTIVITY INDEX .............................................. 33 2.6. LINIJSKI ROBNI PRAVCI SVJETSKE PREKOMORSKE TRGOVINE ... 35 2.7. KARAKTERISTIKE MODERNOGA LINIJSKOG KONTEJNERSKOG BRODARSTVA ......................................................... 40 3. STRUKTURA SVJETSKIH KONTEJNERSKIH KAPACITETA I KONTEJNERSKOG PROMETA
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