DOCSLIB.ORG

The Environmental Restoration Program at Spring Valley

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Environmental Restoration Program at Spring Valley THE ENVIRONMENTAL RESTORATION PROGRAM AT SPRING VALLEY HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON FEDERAL WORKFORCE, POSTAL SERVICE, AND THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA OF THE COMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT AND GOVERNMENT REFORM HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION JUNE 10, 2009 Serial No. 111–20 Printed for the use of the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/congress/index.html http://www.house.gov/reform U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 53–572 PDF WASHINGTON : 2009 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate 11-MAY-2000 10:41 Dec 14, 2009 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 U:\DOCS\53572.TXT KATIE PsN: KATIE COMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT AND GOVERNMENT REFORM EDOLPHUS TOWNS, New York, Chairman PAUL E. KANJORSKI, Pennsylvania DARRELL E. ISSA, California CAROLYN B. MALONEY, New York DAN BURTON, Indiana ELIJAH E. CUMMINGS, Maryland JOHN M. MCHUGH, New York DENNIS J. KUCINICH, Ohio JOHN L. MICA, Florida JOHN F. TIERNEY, Massachusetts MARK E. SOUDER, Indiana WM. LACY CLAY, Missouri TODD RUSSELL PLATTS, Pennsylvania DIANE E. WATSON, California JOHN J. DUNCAN, JR., Tennessee STEPHEN F. LYNCH, Massachusetts MICHAEL R. TURNER, Ohio JIM COOPER, Tennessee LYNN A. WESTMORELAND, Georgia GERALD E. CONNOLLY, Virginia PATRICK T. MCHENRY, North Carolina MIKE QUIGLEY, Illinois BRIAN P. BILBRAY, California MARCY KAPTUR, Ohio JIM JORDAN, Ohio ELEANOR HOLMES NORTON, District of JEFF FLAKE, Arizona Columbia JEFF FORTENBERRY, Nebraska PATRICK J. KENNEDY, Rhode Island JASON CHAFFETZ, Utah DANNY K. DAVIS, Illinois AARON SCHOCK, Illinois CHRIS VAN HOLLEN, Maryland HENRY CUELLAR, Texas PAUL W. HODES, New Hampshire CHRISTOPHER S. MURPHY, Connecticut PETER WELCH, Vermont BILL FOSTER, Illinois JACKIE SPEIER, California STEVE DRIEHAUS, Ohio ——— ——— RON STROMAN, Staff Director MICHAEL MCCARTHY, Deputy Staff Director CARLA HULTBERG, Chief Clerk LARRY BRADY, Minority Staff Director SUBCOMMITTEE ON FEDERAL WORKFORCE, POSTAL SERVICE, AND THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA STEPHEN F. LYNCH, Massachusetts, Chairman ELEANOR HOLMES NORTON, District of JASON CHAFFETZ, Utah Columbia JOHN M. MCHUGH, New York DANNY K. DAVIS, Illinois MARK E. SOUDER, Indiana ELIJAH E. CUMMINGS, Maryland BRIAN P. BILBRAY, California DENNIS J. KUCINICH, Ohio WM. LACY CLAY, Missouri GERALD E. CONNOLLY, Virginia WILLIAM MILES, Staff Director (II) VerDate 11-MAY-2000 10:41 Dec 14, 2009 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 U:\DOCS\53572.TXT KATIE PsN: KATIE C O N T E N T S Page Hearing held on June 10, 2009 ............................................................................... 1 Statement of: Davis, Addison, Deputy Assistant Secretary, Environment, Safety, and Occupational Health, U.S. Army; Colonel Peter Mueller, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; William C. Early, Acting Regional Administrator, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and George S. Hawkins, Direc- tor, D.C. Department of the Environment .................................................. 123 Davis, Addison ........................................................................................... 23 Early, William C. ....................................................................................... 141 Hawkins, George S. ................................................................................... 148 Mueller, Colonel Peter .............................................................................. 132 Kerwin, Cornelius M., president, American University; Nan Shelby Wells, ANC commissioner 3D03; Thomas Smith, ANC commissioner 3D02; Kent Slowinski, former member, Spring Valley Restoration Advisory Board; Gregory A. Beumel, chairman, Spring Valley Restoration Advi- sory Board; and James Barton, president, Underwater Ordnance Recov- ery, Inc. .......................................................................................................... 172 Barton, James ............................................................................................ 233 Beumel, Gregory A. ................................................................................... 226 Kerwin, Cornelius M. ................................................................................ 172 Slowinski, Kent ......................................................................................... 214 Smith, Thomas .......................................................................................... 187 Wells, Nan Shelby ..................................................................................... 179 Mittal, Anu K., Director, Natural Resources and Environment, U.S. Gov- ernment Accountability Office; and Harold Bailey, Garvey Schubert Barer .............................................................................................................. 14 Bailey, Harold ............................................................................................ 37 Mittal, Anu K. ........................................................................................... 14 Letters, statements, etc., submitted for the record by: Bailey, Harold, Garvey Schubert Barer, prepared statement of .................. 39 Barton, James, president, Underwater Ordnance Recovery, Inc., prepared statement of ................................................................................................... 234 Beumel, Gregory A., chairman, Spring Valley Restoration Advisory Board, prepared statement of ...................................................................... 228 Blumenauer, Hon. Earl, a Representative in Congress from the State of Oregon, prepared statement of ................................................................ 12 Chaffetz, Hon. Jason, a Representative in Congress from the State of Utah, prepared statement of ........................................................................ 6 Connolly, Hon. Gerald E., a Representative in Congress from the State of Virginia, prepared statement of .............................................................. 120 Davis, Addison, Deputy Assistant Secretary, Environment, Safety, and Occupational Health, U.S. Army, prepared statement of .......................... 126 Early, William C., Acting Regional Administrator, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, prepared statement of .................................................. 143 Hawkins, George S., Director, D.C. Department of the Environment, pre- pared statement of ........................................................................................ 151 Kerwin, Cornelius M., president, American University, prepared state- ment of ........................................................................................................... 175 Lynch, Hon. Stephen F., a Representative in Congress from the State of Massachusetts, prepared statement of ................................................... 3 Mittal, Anu K., Director, Natural Resources and Environment, U.S. Gov- ernment Accountability Office, prepared statement of .............................. 17 (III) VerDate 11-MAY-2000 10:41 Dec 14, 2009 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 U:\DOCS\53572.TXT KATIE PsN: KATIE IV Page Letters, statements, etc., submitted for the record by—Continued Mueller, Colonel Peter, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, prepared state- ment of ........................................................................................................... 134 Norton, Hon. Eleanor Holmes, a Delegate in Congress from the District of Columbia, prepared statement of ............................................................ 9 Slowinski, Kent, former member, Spring Valley Restoration Advisory Board, prepared statement of ...................................................................... 216 Smith, Thomas, ANC commissioner 3D02, prepared statement of .............. 190 Wells, Nan Shelby, ANC commissioner 3D03, prepared statement of ......... 183 VerDate 11-MAY-2000 10:41 Dec 14, 2009 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 U:\DOCS\53572.TXT KATIE PsN: KATIE THE ENVIRONMENTAL RESTORATION PROGRAM AT SPRING VALLEY WEDNESDAY, JUNE 10, 2009 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SUBCOMMITTEE ON FEDERAL WORKFORCE, POSTAL SERVICE, AND THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, COMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT AND GOVERNMENT REFORM, Washington, DC. The subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 2 p.m., in room 2247, Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Stephen F. Lynch (chairman of the subcommittee) presiding. Present: Representatives Lynch, Norton, Cummings, Kucinich, Clay, Connolly, Chaffetz, and Bilbray. Staff present: William Miles, staff director; Marcus A. Williams, clerk/press secretary; Jill Crissman, professional staff; Aisha Elkheshin, intern; Adam Fromm, minority chief clerk and Member liaison; Howard Denis, minority senior counsel; and Alex Cooper, minority staff member. Mr. LYNCH. Good afternoon. The Subcommittee on Federal Work- force, Postal Service, and the District of Columbia will now come to order. Well, I welcome our ranking member, Mr. Chaffetz, members of the subcommittee, hearing witnesses, and all those in attendance. Today’s hearing will examine the recent progress or lack thereof of the restoration program at the Spring Valley development. We will discuss the current and future criteria that will be used in declar- ing the site clear of environmental health contaminants and assess the level
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Spring Valley Formerly Used Defense Site, Washington DC, Fact Sheet
    Spring Valley Formerly Used Defense Site, Washington, D.C. U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS BUILDING STRONG® FACT SHEET as of January 10, 2020 AUTHORIZATION: Defense Environmental Restoration Program TYPE OF PROJECT: Formerly Used Defense Site (FUDS) CONGRESSIONAL INTEREST: Representative Norton (DC-At Large) BACKGROUND: The Spring Valley Formerly Used Defense Site (FUDS) consists of approximately 661 acres in the northwest section of Washington, D.C. During the World War I-era, the site encompassed what was known as the American University Experiment Station (AUES), which was used by the U.S. Spring Valley Formerly Used government for research and testing of chemical agents, equipment, Defense site in northwest and munitions, as well as Camp Leach, which was used for more Washington, D.C. traditional troop training. Today, the Spring Valley FUDS encompasses approximately 1,600 private homes/lots, including several embassies and foreign properties, as well as the American University and Wesley Seminary. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Baltimore District (USACE), has the lead responsibility for investigation and cleanup actions at the Spring Valley FUDS, and has entered into a formal partnering process with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the District Department of Energy and the Environment (DOEE). As a result of the agreement, all project decisions and priorities are determined by consensus. The three organizations, referred to as the Partners, agreed to prioritize the project work by risk, addressing the highest risks first. Initial Investigation – In January 1993, a contractor digging a utility trench in the Spring Valley neighborhood discovered buried ordnance. The Army initiated an emergency response that was completed in February 1993 and resulted in the removal of 141 items with some containing chemical agents.
    [Show full text]
  • G:\Archives\Ahxasst\ALA Corr\GA Folders\Sharon Folder\FINDING
    1 89/1/5 War Services Committee World War I War Service Correspondence, 1917-1923 Box 1: Volume 1 Early suggestions to the War Services Committee, 1917 Committee Recommendations, 1917-1919 War Service Committee Members and Photograph Suggestions to the Preliminary War Service Committee, arranged chronologically, April 7-June 16, 1917 War Service Committee Reports and Recommendations, arranged chronologically Minutes of the War Service Committee, arranged chronologically Volume 2 Plans and Activities, 1917-1918 Bulletin of Library War Committee and Councils ALA Committee on War Service Library Week, June 30, 1917 Library War Council, Aug. 29, 1917 ALA War Finance Committee Library War Council News Local War Council, Washington Massachusetts Library War Council Letters to Dr. Herbert Putnam, Directory Library War Service, May 1917-Nov. 1918 E. H. Anderson, Director, New York Public Library Mary Eileen Ahern, Editor Public Libraries Sarah B. Askew, Organizer, N. J. Eree Library Comm. W. W. Bishop. Libn, U.of Michigan, and Pres. ALA 1918 Arthur E. Bostwick, Libn. St. Louis Public Library R. R. Bowker, Publisher, Library Journal Gratia A. Countryman, Libn., Minneapolis Public Lib. John Cotton Dana, Libn, Free Pub. Lib. Of Newark N.J. Milton J. Ferguson, State Libn., California Frank P. Hill, Lib. Brooklyn Pub. Lib. And Chairman, ALA War Finance Comm. Mary Frances Isom, Libn. Portland Public Library M. L. Raney, Libn. Johns Hopkins University Hiller C. Wellman, Libn., Springfield, Massachusetts J. I. Wyer, Jr, Chairman ALA War Service Committee & Director New York State Library Letters of Thomas L. Montgomery, Pres. ALA 1917 and State Libn.Pennsylvania 2 Free Lib Commission Letters of Charles F.
    [Show full text]
  • Spring Valley—Toxic Waste Contamination in the Nation’S Capital
    SPRING VALLEY—TOXIC WASTE CONTAMINATION IN THE NATION’S CAPITAL HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA OF THE COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT REFORM HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED SEVENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION JULY 27, 2001 Serial No. 107–42 Printed for the use of the Committee on Government Reform ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.gpo.gov/congress/house http://www.house.gov/reform U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 77–354 PDF WASHINGTON : 2002 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate 11-MAY-2000 09:28 Apr 18, 2002 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 C:\DOCS\77354.TXT HGOVREF1 PsN: HGOVREF1 COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT REFORM DAN BURTON, Indiana, Chairman BENJAMIN A. GILMAN, New York HENRY A. WAXMAN, California CONSTANCE A. MORELLA, Maryland TOM LANTOS, California CHRISTOPHER SHAYS, Connecticut MAJOR R. OWENS, New York ILEANA ROS-LEHTINEN, Florida EDOLPHUS TOWNS, New York JOHN M. MCHUGH, New York PAUL E. KANJORSKI, Pennsylvania STEPHEN HORN, California PATSY T. MINK, Hawaii JOHN L. MICA, Florida CAROLYN B. MALONEY, New York THOMAS M. DAVIS, Virginia ELEANOR HOLMES NORTON, Washington, MARK E. SOUDER, Indiana DC JOE SCARBOROUGH, Florida ELIJAH E. CUMMINGS, Maryland STEVEN C. LATOURETTE, Ohio DENNIS J. KUCINICH, Ohio BOB BARR, Georgia ROD R. BLAGOJEVICH, Illinois DAN MILLER, Florida DANNY K. DAVIS, Illinois DOUG OSE, California JOHN F. TIERNEY, Massachusetts RON LEWIS, Kentucky JIM TURNER, Texas JO ANN DAVIS, Virginia THOMAS H.
    [Show full text]
  • DC-Spring Valley FUDS 2021 Factsheet
    Spring Valley Formerly Used Defense Site, Washington, D.C. U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS BUILDING STRONG® FACT SHEET as of 1 FEB 2021 AUTHORIZATION: Defense Environmental Restoration Program TYPE OF PROJECT: Formerly Used Defense Site (FUDS) CONGRESSIONAL INTEREST: Representative Norton (DC-At Large) BACKGROUND: The Spring Valley Formerly Used Defense Site (FUDS) consists of approximately 661 acres in the northwest section of Washington, D.C. During the World War I-era, the site encompassed what was known as the American University Experiment Station (AUES), which was used by the U.S. Spring Valley Formerly Used government for research and testing of chemical agents, equipment, Defense site in northwest and munitions, as well as Camp Leach, which was used for more Washington, D.C. traditional troop training. Today, the Spring Valley FUDS encompasses approximately 1,600 private homes/lots, including several embassies and foreign properties, as well as the American University and Wesley Seminary. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Baltimore District (USACE), has the lead responsibility for investigation and cleanup actions at the Spring Valley FUDS, and has entered into a formal partnering process with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the District Department of Energy and the Environment (DOEE). As a result of the agreement, all project decisions and priorities are determined by consensus. The three organizations, referred to as the Partners, agreed to prioritize the project work by risk, addressing the highest risks first. Initial Investigation – In January 1993, a contractor digging a utility trench in the Spring Valley neighborhood discovered buried ordnance. The Army initiated an emergency response that was completed in February 1993 and resulted in the removal of 141 items with some containing chemical agents.
    [Show full text]
  • NSIAD-95-55 Chemical Weapons Disposal
    United States General Accounting Office Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee GAO on Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives December 1994 CHEMICAL WEAPONS DISPOSAL Plans for Nonstockpile Chemical Warfare Materiel Can Be Improved GAO/NSIAD-95-55 United States General Accounting Office GAO Washington, D.C. 20548 National Security and International Affairs Division B-253645 December 20, 1994 The Honorable Mike Synar Chairman, Subcommittee on Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources Committee on Government Operations House of Representatives Dear Mr. Chairman: This report responds to your request that we review the Department of the Army’s disposal program for chemical munitions, materiel, and facilities that are not specifically included in the U.S. stockpile of unitary chemical weapons.1 These items are referred to as nonstockpile chemical warfare materiel and consist of binary chemical weapons, miscellaneous chemical warfare materiel, recovered chemical weapons, former chemical weapon production facilities, and buried chemical warfare materiel. As requested, we collected and analyzed information on (1) the status of the Army’s planning process for the nonstockpile disposal program, (2) the Army’s estimated disposal cost and schedule, and (3) lessons learned from the Army’s ongoing stockpile disposal program that may also apply to the proposed nonstockpile program. Our scope and methodology are described in appendix I. Background In November 1985, the Congress directed the Army to destroy the Department of Defense’s (DOD) stockpile of unitary chemical weapons. The stockpile is stored at eight Army installations in the continental United States and one installation on the Johnston Atoll in the Pacific Ocean.
    [Show full text]
  • Arsenic and an Old Base: Legal Issues Associated with The
    Catholic University Law Review Volume 54 Issue 3 Spring 2005 Article 5 2005 Arsenic and an Old Base: Legal Issues Associated with the Environmental Restoration of Defense Sites in Washington, D.C., Used for the Development and Disposal of World War I Chemical Munitions James W. Moeller Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.edu/lawreview Recommended Citation James W. Moeller, Arsenic and an Old Base: Legal Issues Associated with the Environmental Restoration of Defense Sites in Washington, D.C., Used for the Development and Disposal of World War I Chemical Munitions, 54 Cath. U. L. Rev. 879 (2005). Available at: https://scholarship.law.edu/lawreview/vol54/iss3/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by CUA Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Catholic University Law Review by an authorized editor of CUA Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ARSENIC AND AN OLD BASE: LEGAL ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH THE ENVIRONMENTAL RESTORATION OF DEFENSE SITES IN WASHINGTON, D.C., USED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND DISPOSAL OF WORLD WAR I CHEMICAL MUNITIONS James W. Moeller' INTRODUCTION In January 1993 an excavation for new home construction in the Spring Valley neighborhood of Northwest Washington, D.C., unearthed a cache of chemical munitions from the Great War (World War I)) Spring Valley is adjacent to American University, the site of a U.S. Army base in World War I used for the development of and experimentation with chemical munitions. 2 The unearthed munitions and the environmental contamination attributable to their toxic constituents triggered a controversial environmental restoration of Spring Valley that appears to have no end in sight.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 3, Issue 2 Sustainable Development Law & Policy
    Sustainable Development Law & Policy Volume 3 Article 1 Issue 1 Fall/Winter 2003 Volume 3, Issue 2 Sustainable Development Law & Policy Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/sdlp Part of the Environmental Law Commons, and the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Sustainable Development Law and Policy, Summer/Fall 2003, 1-36. This Entire Issue is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington College of Law Journals & Law Reviews at Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Sustainable Development Law & Policy by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. VOLUME III, ISSUE 1 FALL / WINTER 2003 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LAW & POLICY EXPLORING ENVIRONMENTAL LAW & POLICY ISSUES AROUND THE GLOBE CONTENTS EDITOR’S NOTE: GREENING U.S. FOREIGN POLICY..........................................................................................2 ARTICLE: FROM DEATH VALLEY TO SPRING VALLEY: A CASE STUDY OF CONTAMINATION IN WASHINGTON, D.C..................................................................................................3 LITIGATION UPDATE: CLIMATE CHANGE’S SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY A CT...............................................................................................10 ARTICLE: THE ENFORCEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW FROM A HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE..............................................................................................................11
    [Show full text]
  • Testimony of Benjamin Ladner July 27, 2001
    House Subcommittee on the District of Columbia The Honorable Constance Morella, Chair Testimony of Benjamin Ladner July 27, 2001 My name is Benjamin Ladner. I have been President of American University (AU) since July 1994. I reside at 4835 Glenbrook Road in the Spring Valley neighborhood of northwest Washington, DC, a site currently being investigated by the Army Corps of Engineers. On behalf of the University, I would like to thank the Committee for the opportunity to testify before you today. I appreciate your holding these hearings and share your goal of working together to reach a solution that protects the health and well being of the Spring Valley community, now and in the future. American University offered its campus to the federal government in April 1917 in support of the United States entry into World War I. The War Department accepted the offer and established Camp Leach and the American University Experiment Station on AU property. Approximately nine other owners of wooded properties in Spring Valley contiguous to the University also leased their land to the government for use in military operations. In November 1918, after the armistice with Germany, the War Department began closing its facilities on the AU campus. During the final stage of dismantling the AU site, the Army entered into an agreement with the University and accepted responsibility for cleaning up the remains of their operations and restoring the AU campus to its pre-war condition. In 1986, while preparing for the construction of an athletic facility, AU discovered a 1921 student newspaper article claiming that the Army had buried munitions along the campus perimeter during the clean-up and dismantling process.
    [Show full text]
  • Death of the Chesapeake Scrivener Publishing 100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J Beverly, MA 01915-6106
    Death of the Chesapeake Scrivener Publishing 100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J Beverly, MA 01915-6106 Publishers at Scrivener Martin Scrivener ([email protected]) Phillip Carmical ([email protected]) Death of the Chesapeake A History of the Military's Role in Polluting the Bay Richard D. Albright Copyright © 2013 by Scrivener Publishing LLC. All rights reserved. Co-published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, New Jersey, and Scrivener Publishing LLC, Salem, Massachusetts. Published simultaneously in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or other - wise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permission. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifi cally disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fi tness for a particular purpose.
    [Show full text]