DOCSLIB.ORG

What Is 3D Printing and Why Should I Care?

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

3D Printing Initiative Mission: Introduce 3D printing to the community via hands-on training at the library Travel to offer training at clubs, schools, town organizations, etc. Entirely grant funded by the Norwin S. and Elizabeth N. Bean Foundation Two Cube2 printers donated by 3DSystems One printer donated by Folger Technologies Completely volunteer operated No tax impact Why 3D Printing at the Library? Digital literacy Promotes STE(A)M (Science Technology Engineering (Art) and Math) education Entices people into the library who might not normally frequent it 250 libraries in the US offer 3D printers Out of 119,729 libraries of all kinds in the US Source: OITP Perspectives, a publication by the American Library Association (ALA) – 1/2015 How 3D Printing Works For printing an object you need a digital 3D-model. Download it from internet Draw it using computer-assisted design or CAD software Scan an object .STL File Developed in 1987 for 3D Systems the STL format was designed as a standard format to allow data movement between CAD programs and stereolithography machines. 'STL' stands for Surface Tesselation Language (or, depending on who you talk to, perhaps 'STereoLithography file' or 'Standard Transform Language file'). A tessellation is a gap-less, repeating pattern of non-overlapping figures across a surface. Any shape can be used; STL format uses triangles. This triangular mesh is most often derived from the surface - and only the surface - of a 3D CAD designed object. The number of triangles is primarily a function of the size of the surface and the resolution of the tessellation. The higher the resolution, the greater the number of triangles and the closer the approximation to a true curved surface. Triangular mesh for a 10cm Triangular mesh for a 10cm sphere with 10 micron sphere with 1mm precision precision 3D Model Marketplaces These sites offer a mix of free and for fee designs Some are not only for 3D printing Thingiverse http://www.thingiverse.com/ Cubify http://cubify.com/en/store/kids Autodesk 123D http://www.123dapp.com/Gallery/content/all CG Trader http://www.cgtrader.com/ Cubify (3D Systems) Thingiverse (Makerbot/Stratasys) Free Modeling Software 2D Inkscape http://www.inkscape.org/ 3D Autodesk 123D http://www.123dapp.com/ Meshmixer http://www.meshmixer.com/ Sketchup http://www.sketchup.com/ OpenSCAD http://www.openscad.org/ Organic Shapes 3DTin http://www.3dtin.com/ Sculptris http://pixologic.com/sculptris/ KnotPlot http://www.knotplot.com Scanners – coming soon Extrusion / FDM / FFF Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Uses thermoplastics Term trademarked by Stratasys Commercial grade is quite different than consumer grade Fused Filament Fabrication Also called Freeform Fabrication (FFF) Materials our printers can use PLA (Polylactic Acid) Made from corn starch or sugar cane, biodegradable. Melts at a lower temperature between 190 and 210 degrees Celsius Less odor Materials our printers can use ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) Relatively strong Melts consistently at around 225 degrees Celsius Suitable for functional parts or objects that are exposed to high temperatures like sunlight or hot water. Acetone (nail polish remover) can be used to smoothen ABS has to be printed on a heated build plate Has higher tendency to warp Materials Available Plastics (ABS, PLA, nylon, polyamide) Metals (steel, nickel-chromium, titanium, brass, bronze, gold, silver) Ceramics and sand Food (sugar, chocolate) Paper Bio materials 3D Printing Services Staples http://www.staples.com/sbd/cre/products/3d- printing/ Londonderry and Stratham Sculpteo http://www.sculpteo.com/en/ i.Materialise http://i.materialise.com Shapeways http://www.shapeways.com/ Kraftwürx http://www.kraftwurx.com/ 3D PRINTING APPLICATIONS Medical Bioprinting 3D printing has been used to print organs from a patient’s own cells. Ear and nose structures Skin Heart valve Industry experts suggest that within a decade we will be able to print solid organs such as liver, heart, and kidney. Organovo announced that they have made 3D printed human liver tissue available for commercial use Medical Models Ultra-realistic lung Wet, soft, and complete with tumors and blood vessels — is one of a range of organs being produced by a Japanese firm that will allow surgeons to hone their skills without hurting anyone. “With the wet model, doctors can experience the softness of organs and see them bleed”. Separating conjoined twins Translate the infants’ CT scans into a color-coded, 3D model Prosthetics for Man Robohands – inexpensive (around $150) and easily replaced as the child grows. New Jaw Bionic Ear Prosthetics for Beast Jewelry and Fashion Toys and Trinkets 3D Portrait 3D Bean (Malden, MA) uses high-definition 3D scanning to photograph people from multiple perspectives and turn their image into a sandstone replica of themselves. $319 for one 4-inch-tall figurine made of sandstone Food for Fun Printed food for fun: new shapes, new textures Food for Feeding Food printing – nutrients can be tailored for an individual’s needs Food printers in space Architecture & Construction 3D Printed House 3D Printed Moon Base Aerospace Space-qualified satellite components that are lighter and stiffer Rolls-Royce to fly largest 3D printed part ever flown “It is ideal for prototyping. Shortening the manufacturing time by almost a third .” With 3D printing, Airbus Defense was able to transform a Rolls-Royce 3D printed a titanium structure that bracket made up of four main parts and 44 rivets into a measures 1.5m in diameter and 0.5m-thick. The front single, laser-melted piece that is 40% stiffer and 35% lighter bearing housing contains 48 aerofoils and was than its predecessor. manufactured using Arcam’s electron beam melting technology. Electronics Designing and 3D printing electronics with optimal shape and styling properties will be common. 3D printing is ideal for the complex geometric features needed in small, compact electronic circuit boards that use multiple materials ranging from low conductivity plastics to high conductivity metal materials. Volxel8 can print both plastic and conductive material, allowing circuitry and the physical structure of an object to be printed simultaneously. 3D PRINTING IN MANUFACTURING Rapid Prototyping Rapid prototyping systems emerged in 1987 with the introduction of stereolithography technology, a process that solidifies layers of ultraviolet light- sensitive liquid polymer using laser technology. In subsequent years, other rapid prototyping technologies were introduced, such as: FDM, Selective Laser Sintering and Laminated Object Manufacturing. Additive & Subtractive Manufacturing Additive Manufacturing A method that builds up parts, additively, layer by layer Simplifies the manufacture of very complex products Fundamentally different from any other existing traditional manufacturing techniques. A tool-less process that reduces costs and lead times Subtractive Manufacturing Subtracting material from a larger block — whether to achieve the end product itself or to produce a tool for casting or molding processes. The subtractive manufacturing processes, such as machining, can result in up to 90% of the original block of material being wasted. Advantages of 3D Printing 3D printing enables designers to experiment with new solutions for products Able to build shapes that you can’t cast or forge Companies can print parts, and can print their own tools Lends itself well to small companies 3D printing is believed by many to have very great potential to inject growth into innovation and bring back local manufacturing. Sweet Spot 3D printing is beneficial in a situation when a limited number of complex parts are needed. Creating a mold for manufacturing these parts would not be economical – the mold will be used only for a few parts. 3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGIES Stereolithography (SLA) First 3D printing process Digital Light Processing DLP Selective Laser Sintering SLS Direct Metal Laser Sintering DMLS Materials: stainless steel, cobalt chrome, iconel*, titanium Inconel is a family of austenite nickel-chromium-based superalloys. The name is a trademark of Special Metals Corporation. Inconel alloys are oxidation and corrosion resistant materials well suited for service in extreme environments subjected to pressure and heat. 3D-printed engine nozzle. Lattice structure reduces This hollow ball its mass and production has a complex cost while also improving external its thermal performance, geometry, maki due to a greatly ng it incredibly increased surface area . light while remaining stiff. Ink Jet Binder Jetting Others InkJet Material Jetting Selective Deposition Lamination (SDL) Electron Beam Melting (EBM) Direct Metal Printing (DMP) Blown metal powder Sand binding Binder jetted into metal powder (by ExOne) Smooth Curvature Printing (by Solidscape) Selective Deposition Lamination (by Mcor Technologies) Hybrid CNC History of 3D Printing Variables to look at when choosing a 3D Printer Build size Build speed Build resolution Materials Price How to choose the right material MARKET LANDSCAPE Players – by price and type Market Ecosystem Impact on Commercial Transportation .
Recommended publications
  • Developing an Execution Plan for Scan to BIM Raghavendra Bhat Stantec

    Developing an Execution Plan for Scan to BIM Raghavendra Bhat Stantec

    CES469694 Developing an Execution Plan for Scan to BIM Raghavendra Bhat Stantec Joseph Huang Stantec Learning Objectives • Discover requirements for a Scan-to-BIM job • Learn how to define and set standards for level of accuracy and level of development • Learn how to save time in handling and modeling from large-size point clouds • Learn about QC workflows using Revit templates, Navisworks, and Virtual Reality Description The quality of a Scan to BIM (Building Information Modeling) model can vary, depending on the surveyor, instrument used, field conditions, especially on the requirements specified. There are, however, no industry standards templates available to follow. This class will focus on the essentials for developing a Scan to BIM execution plan. Starting form providing & clarifying scope of work to define LOD requirements shall be discussed. There are a lot of potential risks that need to be identified and highlighted when picking up a Scan to BIM job. We will discuss some of these cases with project examples. Basic tools like Revit, ReCap, Navisworks available can help us through this process of visualizing model mistakes and getting a quality product. We will learn several tips that can assist us while facing the quality control of a model replicated from a point cloud. Those tips will also help us locate where the focus should go in each case. The goal of this class is, therefore, not only to learn the available tools, but also to analyze the current gaps in setting up Scan to BIM project execution plan. The agenda we will
  • Cultures of Sharing in 3D Printing: What Can We Learn from the Licence Choices of Thingiverse Users?

    Cultures of Sharing in 3D Printing: What Can We Learn from the Licence Choices of Thingiverse Users?

    Cultures of sharing in 3D printing: what can we learn from the licence choices of Thingiverse users? 1. Introduction A growing literature in economics and social science has explored the practices of information exchange among online communities. A strong theme within this literature is that open cultures – characterised by reciprocal sharing, weak IP, and open flows of information among practitioners – are conducive to technological innovation. In Benkler’s influential analysis, the end result is “a flourishing nonmarket sector of information, knowledge, and cultural production… subject to an increasingly robust ethic of open sharing, open for all others to build on, extend, and make their own” (2006, p.7). This phenomenon has been the focus of much recent research on collaborative production models, covering a range of topics including wikis, open- access publishing, free software and open science (e.g. Nielson 2011, Suber 2012, Anderson 2012, Hatch 2013, Phelps 2013). One lesson from this literature is that sharing practices are context-dependent. Sharing is a social practice shaped by a range of variables, and sharing practices differ from community to community and from technology to technology (Kennedy 2013). Infrastructural issues, cultural factors and legal frameworks, both explicit and implicit, play a role in shaping the context in which collaboration occurs. It is therefore necessary to understand the norms, values, structures and systems that emerge around particular forms of practice. Scholars in various disciplines have taken up this challenge by documenting the specific (rather than universal) aspects of sharing practice, such as the regulatory frameworks that govern conduct and the variable properties of technological platforms (e.g.
  • Replicant: 3D Printing and the Need for a Digital Millennium Patent Act Salvatore D'elia

    Replicant: 3D Printing and the Need for a Digital Millennium Patent Act Salvatore D'elia

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Seton Hall University eRepository Seton Hall University eRepository @ Seton Hall Law School Student Scholarship Seton Hall Law 5-1-2014 Replicant: 3D Printing and the Need for a Digital Millennium Patent Act Salvatore D'Elia Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.shu.edu/student_scholarship Recommended Citation D'Elia, Salvatore, "Replicant: 3D Printing and the Need for a Digital Millennium Patent Act" (2014). Law School Student Scholarship. 457. https://scholarship.shu.edu/student_scholarship/457 D’Elia Replicant: 3D Printing and the Need for a Digital Millennium Patent Act Salvatore D’Elia III I. INTRODUCTION An aspiration of scientists and inventors, a darling of ‘Trekkies,’ Star Trek’s replicator is one of television’s great fictional ideas. First appearing in the late 1980s on Star Trek: The Next Generation, the replicator was a fictional device that could reproduce any food, liquid, or object its user wanted.1 Twenty years ago, the technology to create a tool out of thin air to fix a space station seemed like a possibility only on the silver screen. Today, the possibility of Star Trek’s replicator doesn’t seem so distant. In fact, NASA plans to roll out the first attempt at approaching the wonders of that technology for use on the final frontier in the near future.2 Once thought to be a science fiction fantasy, the ability to replicate models, prototypes, and ideas with a press of a button is now a reality. Three-dimensional (“3D”) printing has the potential to revolutionize the modern industry.
  • Intermediate 3D Printing Software: Sculptris Thursday, 7:00Pm August 20Th

    Intermediate 3D Printing Software: Sculptris Thursday, 7:00Pm August 20Th

    3D Printing Basics Today we’ll cover: • What is 3D printing? • Reasons to 3D print • Ways to 3D print • Free Creation tools • Thingiverse • Downloading and printing using MakerBot Introduction By the end of this class you will be: • Familiar with the basic elements of 3D printing • And be able to download and print from Thingiverse Objectives 3D printing provides a variety of practical uses, but it is also a way to learn valuable computer modeling skills. In addition, Elmhurst is a place to offer cutting edge technology not easily available to the public. Here at EPL What is it? A 3D printer works essentially like a traditional printer except it prints in plastic layers to make 3-dimensional designs. 3D printers can print in several different materials including plastic, limestone, and even wood and metal. What is 3D Printing? Some reasons you may use a 3D printer include: • Replacing a broken cabinet handle • Making fun gifts • Printing the case for a prototype electronic component • And maybe most importantly, learning to use 3D printing software is a valuable skill Reasons to Print Print or Create? Ways to Print So today we’ll only cover the basics of using predesigned files. There are many ways to create your own designs using free creation tools. Free Creation Tools Tinkercad • Web-based 3D modeling software • Includes lesson modules that lead you through 3D design basics • Great beginner design platform Free Creation Tools 123D Catch app • Take photos and create 3D scans of virtually any existing object with this app • Use with a
  • Science Fiction Artist In-Depth Interviews

    Science Fiction Artist In-Depth Interviews

    DigitalArtLIVE.com DigitalArtLIVE.com SCIENCE FICTION ARTIST IN-DEPTH INTERVIEWS THE FUTURE OCEANS ISSUE ARTUR ROSA SAMUEL DE CRUZ TWENTY-EIGHT MATT NAVA APRIL 2018 VUE ● TERRAGEN ● POSER ● DAZ STUDIO ● REAL-TIME 3D ● 2D DIGITAL PAINTING ● 2D/3D COMBINATIONS We visit Portugal, to talk with a master of the Vue software, Artur Rosa. Artur talks with Digital Art Live about his love of the ocean, his philosophy of beauty, and the techniques he uses to make his pictures. Picture: “The Sentinels” 12 ARTUR ROSA PORTUGAL VUE | PHOTOSHOP | POSER | ZBRUSH WEB DAL: Artur, welcome back to Digital Art Live magazine. We last interviewed you in our special #50 issue of the old 3D Art Direct magazine. That was back in early 2015, when we mainly focussed on your architectural series “White- Orange World” and your forest pictures. In this ‘Future Oceans’ themed issue of Digital Art Live we’d like to focus on some of your many ocean colony pictures and your recent sea view and sea -cave pictures. Which are superb, by the way! Some of the very best Vue work I’ve seen. Your recent work of the last six months is outstanding, even more so that the work you made in the early and mid 2010s. You must be very pleased at the level of achievement that you can now reach by using Vue and Photoshop? AR: Thank you for having me again, and thank you for the compliment and feedback. I’m humbled and honoured that my work may be of interest for your readers. To be honest, I’m never quite sure if my work is getting better or worse.
  • An Introduction to Building 3D Crime Scene Models Using Sketchup

    An Introduction to Building 3D Crime Scene Models Using Sketchup

    ARTICLE Original Article An Introduction to Building 3D Crime Scene Models Using SketchUp Elissa St. Clair1, Andy Maloney2, and Albert Schade III3 1 Naval Criminal Investigative Service, 2 FORident Software, 3 Berks County District Attorney’s Office, Forensic Services Unit ABSTRACT ARTICLE INFORMATION Crime scene investigators generally have two options when they need to create a three-dimensional (3D) Received: 11 May 2012 model of a crime scene: enlist the services of an expert 3D modeller who specializes in graphic modelling or Revised: 20 July 2012 learn one of the full-fledged modelling tools to create the model themselves. Many modelling tools have a Accepted: 22 September 2012 very steep learning curve, so the time required to invest in learning a tool to get even a simple result is often prohibitive. In this article, we introduce SketchUp (version 8) as a relatively easy-to-use tool for modelling Citation: St. Clair E, Maloney A, crime scenes in 3D, give an example of how the software can be applied, and provide resources for further Schade A. An Introduction to Building 3D Crime Scene Models information. Using SketchUp. J Assoc Crime Scene Reconstr. 2012:18(4);29-47. Author Contacts: Keywords: Crime scene sketching, 3D visualization, software modelling, crime scene models, SketchUp, [email protected], [email protected], Trimble, crime scene reconstruction, forensic science [email protected] Introduction modelling or computer aided design (CAD) to Computer graphics have been used to enhance produce a meaningful 3D model. As a result, the visualization of shapes and structures across investigators have been limited in terms of a wide variety of disciplines since the 1970s, which scenes they can model in 3D because of when the capability to produce computerized the time-consuming and expensive nature of 3D models was first developed [1].
  • Makerbot in the Classroom

    Makerbot in the Classroom

    COMPILED BY MAKERBOT EDUCATION Copyright © 2015 by MakerBot® www.makerbot.com All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. The information in this document concerning non-MakerBot products or services was obtained from the suppliers of those products or services or from their published announcements. Specific questions on the capabilities of non-MakerBot products and services should be addressed to the suppliers of those products and services. ISBN: 978-1-4951-6175-9 Printed in the United States of America First Edition 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Compiled by MakerBot Education MakerBot Publishing • Brooklyn, NY TABLE OF CONTENTS 06 INTRODUCTION TO 3D PRINTING IN THE CLASSROOM 08 LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO 3D PRINTING 11 MakerBot Stories: Education 12 MakerBot Stories: Medical 13 MakerBot Stories: Business 14 MakerBot Stories: Post-Processing 15 MakerBot Stories: Design 16 LESSON 2: USING A 3D PRINTER 24 LESSON 3: PREPARING FILES FOR PRINTING 35 THREE WAYS TO MAKE 36 WAYS TO DOWNLOAD 40 WAYS TO SCAN 46 WAYS TO DESIGN 51 PROJECTS AND DESIGN SOFTWARE 52 PROJECT: PRIMITIVE MODELING WITH TINKERCAD 53 Make Your Own Country 55 Explore: Modeling with Tinkercad 59 Investigate: Geography and Climates 60 Create:
  • The Makerbot

    The Makerbot

    THE MAKERBOT THE CLASSROOM 3D PRINTING SOLUTION The easiest-to-use 3D printer package Standards-aligned lesson plans and the A seamless, classroom-ready workflow designed with both educators and only comprehensive ISTE-certified 10- includes Print from Tinkercad™ and students in mind. hour 3D printing and curriculum creation Google Chromebook integrations for easy training included. 3D printing across multiple devices. • Standardized features for easy classroom • The MakerBot Certification for Educators • MakerBot Cloud™ integration 3D printing • The MakerBot Educators Guidebook™ • Print from TinkerCADTM integration • Reliably tested for over 400,000 hours • MakerBot Thingiverse Education™ • Industry leading support • NIOSH-tested classroom-safe materials The MakerBot Replicator+ Educators Edition includes everything you need to get started with 3D printing and stand out as a STEM education leader in one box: THE MAKERBOT REPLICATOR+ THE MAKERBOT CERTIFICATION™ THE MAKERBOT EDUCATORS GUIDEBOOK DESKTOP 3D PRINTER PROGRAM FOR EDUCATORS (1 LICENSE) • The leading 3D printer in education • Become a MakerBot 3D printing expert with • Provides a crash-course in 3D printing • Used by educators in over 7,000 schools the ISTE seal of alignment • Introduction to 3D design tools • Easy setup and no tinkering required • Gain confidence as a STEM leader • 9 Classroom-ready 3D printing projects • Learn how to create 3D printing lesson plans THE MAKERBOT CERTIFICATION PROGRAMTM FOR EDUCATORS 3D PRINTER PREVENTATIVE CURRICULUM CLASSROOM OPERATION TROUBLESHOOTING
  • Knowledge Reuse for Customization: Metamodels in an Open Design Community for 3D Printing1

    Knowledge Reuse for Customization: Metamodels in an Open Design Community for 3D Printing1

    SPECIAL ISSUE: IT AND INNOVATION KNOWLEDGE REUSE FOR CUSTOMIZATION: METAMODELS IN AN OPEN DESIGN COMMUNITY FOR 3D PRINTING1 Harris Kyriakou IESE Business School, Av. Pearson 21, 08034 Barcelona, SPAIN {[email protected]) Jeffrey V. Nickerson and Gaurav Sabnis Stevens Institute of Technology, Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ 07030 U.S.A. {[email protected]} {[email protected]} Theories of knowledge reuse posit two distinct processes: reuse for replication and reuse for innovation. We identify another distinct process, reuse for customization. Reuse for customization is a process in which designers manipulate the parameters of metamodels to produce models that fulfill their personal needs. We test hypotheses about reuse for customization in Thingiverse, a community of designers that shares files for three-dimensional printing. 3D metamodels are reused more often than the 3D models they generate. The reuse of metamodels is amplified when the metamodels are created by designers with greater community experience. Metamodels make the community’s design knowledge available for reuse for customization—or further extension of the metamodels, a kind of reuse for innovation. Keywords: Knowledge reuse, metamodels, digital innovation, customization, parametric design, online com- munities, open source, software reuse, Thingiverse, 3D printing Introduction1 chased by consumers (Gebler et al. 2014; Gershenfeld 2008; Raasch et al. 2009). Three-dimensional printing technology makes it possible to create physical objects by transforming digital files. This An important way that 3D printing technology is being dif- technology has the potential to revolutionize supply chains, fused to consumers is through reuse of previously created because experts and novices alike can design, customize, and designs.
  • Cour Art of Illusion

    Cour Art of Illusion

    © Club Informatique Pénitentiaire avril 2016 Initiation au dessin 3D avec "Art Of Illusion" Sommaire OBJECTIFS ET MOYENS. ..................................................... 2 LES MATERIAUX. ................................................................ 30 PRESENTATION GENERALE DE LA 3D.......................... 2 Les matériaux uniformes ..................................... 30 La 3D dans la vie quotidienne. .............................. 2 Les matériaux procéduraux................................. 30 Les Outils disponibles. ........................................... 2 LES LUMIERES..................................................................... 31 PRESENTATION GENERALE DE "ART OF ILLUSION"3 Les lumières ponctuelles. .................................... 31 L'aide. ................................................................... 3 Les lumières directionnelles ................................ 32 L'interface. ............................................................ 4 Les lumières de type "spot"................................. 32 Le système de coordonnées................................... 6 Exemples de lumières.......................................... 33 LES OBJETS ............................................................................. 9 LES CAMERAS. ..................................................................... 34 Les primitives. ....................................................... 9 Les filtres sur les caméras.................................... 35 Manipulation des objets. ...................................
  • An Overview of 3D Data Content, File Formats and Viewers

    An Overview of 3D Data Content, File Formats and Viewers

    Technical Report: isda08-002 Image Spatial Data Analysis Group National Center for Supercomputing Applications 1205 W Clark, Urbana, IL 61801 An Overview of 3D Data Content, File Formats and Viewers Kenton McHenry and Peter Bajcsy National Center for Supercomputing Applications University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL {mchenry,pbajcsy}@ncsa.uiuc.edu October 31, 2008 Abstract This report presents an overview of 3D data content, 3D file formats and 3D viewers. It attempts to enumerate the past and current file formats used for storing 3D data and several software packages for viewing 3D data. The report also provides more specific details on a subset of file formats, as well as several pointers to existing 3D data sets. This overview serves as a foundation for understanding the information loss introduced by 3D file format conversions with many of the software packages designed for viewing and converting 3D data files. 1 Introduction 3D data represents information in several applications, such as medicine, structural engineering, the automobile industry, and architecture, the military, cultural heritage, and so on [6]. There is a gamut of problems related to 3D data acquisition, representation, storage, retrieval, comparison and rendering due to the lack of standard definitions of 3D data content, data structures in memory and file formats on disk, as well as rendering implementations. We performed an overview of 3D data content, file formats and viewers in order to build a foundation for understanding the information loss introduced by 3D file format conversions with many of the software packages designed for viewing and converting 3D files.
  • Makerbot Educators Guidebook

    Makerbot Educators Guidebook

    MAKERBOT EDUCATORS GUIDEBOOK The Definitive Guide to 3D Printing in the Classroom Copyright © 2017 MakerBot Industries, LLC. All rights reserved. MakerBot.com Unless otherwise stated herein, no part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. Specific questions on the capabilities of non-MakerBot products and services referenced in this publication should be addressed to the suppliers of those products or services. ISBN: 978-0-9991345-0-4 Printed in the United States of America First Edition 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 MAKERBOT EDUCATORS GUIDEBOOK EDUCATORS MAKERBOT WHY WE WROTE THIS BOOK THIS WROTE WHYWE WHY WE WROTE THIS BOOK In 2008, while we were still be found in over 5,000 and set out to write a new book building our first 3D printer, schools worldwide. with the help of the education MakerBot founded Thingiverse® community. MakerBot combined —a 3D file library and community. After years of talking to and this new class of educators’ Over the years, as we engineered learning from teachers, we knew unique wisdom with our decade more and more printers, we that our first book and a few of experience building printers to watched Thingiverse grow Thingiverse forums were a good bring you this; the definitive guide into a massive, indispensable start but would not be enough.