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ECAILLE CHINEE Euplagia Quadripunctaria

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ECAILLE CHINEE Euplagia Quadripunctaria FAUNE - Fiche-espèce n°2 ECAILLE CHINEE Euplagia quadripunctaria (Poda, 1761) Code UE : 1078 ESPECE PRIORITAIRE Embranchement : Arthropoda Classe : Insecta Ordre : Lepidoptera Famille : Arctiidae A. PRESENTATION DE L’ESPECE A.1. Description et caractéristiques générales A.1.1. Description Mâle : envergure de 40 à 60 mm, ailes antérieures zébrées de blanc sur fond noir bleuâtre ou noirâtre, ailes postérieures rouges à points noirs. Femelle : semblable, envergure de 45 à 60 mm. Chenille : elle atteint 50 mm au dernier stade larvaire. Le tégument est noirâtre ou brun foncé. Sur les segments, des verrues brun orangé portent des soies courtes grisâtres ou brun jaunâtre. On observe une bande médio-dorsale jaunâtre et deux bandes latérales de macules blanc- jaunâtre. La tête est d’un noir luisant. photo V. Kulesza A.1.2. Habitat A.1.6. Alimentation Espèce commune fréquentant un grand nombre de milieux Les chenilles sont polyphages et se nourrissent sur naturels : zones humides, pelouses et garides sèches des diverses espèces herbacées : eupatoire chanvrine étages méso à supraméditerranéen, lisières forestières, (Eupatorium cannabinum), cirses (Cirsium spp.), chardons bosquets, chênaies pubescentes…présente jusqu’à 2000 m (Carduus spp.), lamiers (Lamium spp.), orties (Urtica en montagne. spp.), épilobes (Epilobium spp.), et sur des ligneux : noisetier (Corylus avellana), chêne (Quercus pubescens), Habitats naturels concernés : hêtre (Fagus sylvatica), chèvrefeuilles (Lonicera spp.), - Bancs de gravier végétalisés des rivières et saulaies genêts… arbustives (3220 et 3240) - Prairies humides et mégaphorbiaies (6430) A.2. Répartition, état de conservation et évolution - Fruticées et fourrés - Lisières et bosquets A.2.1. Sur l’ensemble de son aire - Chênaies pubescentes L’écaille chinée est une espèce du paléarctique occidental. - Taillis de noisetiers Elle est répandue dans toute l’Europe moyenne et - Garides à genêt cendré et lavande méridionale. A.1.3. Activité A.2.2. En France Les adultes ont une activité diurne et nocturne. Les L’écaille chinée est répandue partout en France. Elle chenilles se nourrissent principalement la nuit et se semble moins fréquente dans le nord-est. cachent sous les feuilles pendant la journée. A.2.3. En région Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur A.1.4. Reproduction Répandue dans toute la région, à basse altitude comme en Une génération annuelle. La ponte se déroule de juillet à moyenne montagne, parfois très abondante. août. Chenille : elles éclosent 10 à 15 jours après la ponte. Les A.3. Intérêt et caractéristiques de l’espèce au sein chenilles rentrent rapidement en diapause dans un cocon à du site la base des plantes. L’activité reprend au printemps. Chrysalide : La nymphose se déroule en juin et dure 4 à 6 A.3.1. Particularité, originalité et intérêt justifiant la semaines. conservation de l’espèce sur le site Imago : les adultes s’observent de fin juin à fin août. Cette espèce est représentative des zones humides du site. A.1.5. Longévité A.3.2. Distribution détaillée sur le site Imago : 3 à 4 semaines. L’écaille chinée a été observée sur la commune de Pierlas, dans les pentes surplombant le lieu-dit du Serre (GEEM, 2002) ainsi que dans le vallon de Coulié sur les communes Document d’objectifs – Site NATURA 2000 FR9301556 FAUNE - Fiche-espèce n°2 d’Ilonse et Pierlas (F. RYMARCZYK, comm. pers.). Cette espèce est également anciennement citée à proximité immédiate du site, dans le village de Beuil et sur la D.1.3. Aménagements commune de Rimplas, dans la collection CAVALIER Pas de recommandation particulière. conservée au Museum d’Histoire Naturelle de Nice (G. ALZIAR, comm. pers.). D.1.4. Activités touristiques Pas de recommandation particulière. A.3.3. Données biologiques pour la conservation Effectif : Données insuffisantes. Structuration spatiale des populations : Pas d’information. D.2. Mesures spécifiques de conservation à mettre Données démographiques : Pas d’information. en œuvre Variabilité : Pas d’information. Données quantitatives sur l’habitat : Cette espèce D.2.1. Mesures de nature réglementaire préconisées fréquente un grand nombre de milieux : zones humides, Aucune. landes et garides, fourrés arbustifs, lisières et ourlets, bosquets et forêts… D.2.2. Mesures de nature contractuelle préconisées Aucune. A.3.4. Tendances évolutives et potentialités de régénération D.2.3. Acquisitions foncières Les données sont insuffisantes pour donner des indications Sans objet. sur les tendances évolutives. D.2.4. Aménagements, travaux de restauration ou A.3.5. Concurrence interspécifique et parasitaire d’entretien à réaliser Non étudiée. Sans objet. A.3.6. Incidence des usages et activités humaines L’écaille chinée est une espèce commune fréquentant un E. INDICATEURS DE SUIVI RECOMMANDES grand nombre de milieux et peut même se rencontrer dans des secteurs anthropisés. Aucun. A.3.7. Mesures de protection actuelles - Annexe II de la directive Habitats n° 92/43/CEE du F. BIBLIOGRAPHIE Conseil du 21 mai 1992 concernant la conservation des habitats naturels ainsi que la faune et la flore BENSETTITI F. & GAUDILLAT V. (Coord.), 2004. sauvages. Cahier d’habitat NATURA 2000 – tome 7 : Espèces animales (Fiche 1078 – Ecaille chinée). Muséum National B. DIAGNOSTIC SYNTHETIQUE d’Histoire Naturelle. La documentation française, Paris, 353 p. L’écaille chinée est une espèce commune en France. LERAUT P., 2006. Papillons de nuit d’Europe. Volume 1. Vraisemblablement assez répandue sur le site, elle N.A.P Editions, 387 p. s’observe facilement au mois de septembre au niveau des points d’eau où pousse l’eupatoire (Eupatorium cannabinum)… Elle peut se rencontrer dans un grand nombre de milieux même anthropisés. Cette espèce commune ne nécessite pas de mesures de gestion conservatoires. C. OBJECTIFS DE GESTION PROPOSES POUR L’ESPECE SUR LE SITE - Aucun. D. PLAN D’ACTION PROPOSE POUR L’ESPECE SUR LE SITE D.1. Recommandations générales concernant les usages, activités et aménagements D.1.1. Activités pastorales Pas de recommandation particulière. D.1.2. Activités forestières Pas de recommandation particulière. Document d’objectifs – Site NATURA 2000 FR9301556 .
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