Every Man for Himself! Gender, Norms and Survival in Maritime Disasters
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MS Estonia with the Visor and Bow Doors Open the MS Estonia Was A
MS Estonia with the visor and bow doors open The MS Estonia was a cruise ferry. The ship sank in 1994 during her journey from Tallinn to Stockholm. It is the deadliest shipwreck disaster to have occurred in the Baltic Sea in peacetime, costing 852 lives. On September 28 at about 01:15, the visor at the bow separated which resulted that the large ship's bow door opened. The ship immediately took on a heavy starboard list to initial 30 to 40 degrees. 15 minutes later, the ship had rolled 90 degrees and sunk within 45 minutes. Of the 989 on board, 138 were rescued alive, but one died later in hospital. Those are the official figures given to the public. Conspiracy theories exist about the cause of the sinking. German journalist Jutta Rabe claims that laboratory tests on debris recovered illegally from Estonia's bow yielded trace evidence of a deliberate explosion. Additionally, she insists that Swedish, British, and Russian governments tried to smuggle military hardware via the civilian ferry. In 2004, a former Swedish customs officer claimed that Estonia had been used to transport military equipment. Carl Övberg, a survivor and frequent passenger, reported that on the day of travel the harbor had been sealed off and that a military convoy had escorted two large trucks to the waiting ferry. Although more than 500 Swedes were among the 852 reported dead, the Swedish government has blocked every effort to recover the bodies from the wreck. Even an early offer by a Norwegian diving company to retrieve the bodies at cost was rejected. -
150 March to May, 2013
THE HALIFAX FIELD NATURALIST No. 150 March to May, 2013 In This Issue ...................................................... 2 HFN Talks ....................................................... 10 HFN News & Announcements ........................ 3 HFN Field Trips ............................................. 14 Special Reports ................................................. 4 Almanac .......................................................... 17 Special Articles ................................................. 9 Hfx Tide Table: April to June ...................... 19 Nature Notes ................................................... 20 Return address: HFN, c/o NS Museum of Natural History, 1747 Summer Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3A6 1 Spring 2013, #150 is incorporated under the Nova Scotia NNS ADDRESS Societies Act and holds Registered Nature Nova Scotia, c/o N.S. Museum of Natural History, 1747 Charity status with Canada Revenue Summer St., Halifax, N.S., B3H 3A6 HFN Email: [email protected] (Doug Linzey, NNS Secretary and Agency. Tax-creditable receipts will be issued for individual Newsletter Editor) Website: naturens.ca and corporate gifts. HFN is an affiliate of Nature Canada and an organisational member of Nature Nova Scotia, the provin- EXECUTIVE 2013/2014 cial umbrella association for naturalist groups in Nova Sco- President Janet Dalton .......................................443-7617 Vice-President Clarence Stevens ...............................864-0802 tia. Objectives are to encourage a greater appreciation and Treasurer Ingrid -
Memorandum on Measures Taken Following the Sinking of Car Ferry Ms Estonia and Plan for Joint Action in the Nordic Countries
MEMORANDUM ON MEASURES TAKEN FOLLOWING THE SINKING OF CAR FERRY MS ESTONIA AND PLAN FOR JOINT ACTION IN THE NORDIC COUNTRIES Working group on bow doors Maritime Department Helsinki 1994 MEMORANDUM ON MEASURES TAKEN FOLLOWING THE SINKING OF CAR FERRY MS ESTONIA AND PLAN FOR JOINT ACTION IN THE NORDIC COUNTRIES On 28 September 1994 an ad-hoc meeting led by minister of transportation Ole convened to discuss immediate measures to be taken following the sinking Norrback of car ferry Estonia. It was pointed out at the meeting that all passenger vessels regularly calling at Finnish ports are subjected to safety inspections. These inspections also include foreign vessels. The inspections are based on both international conventions and national legislation. As a response to the Estonia disaster, the parties decided on the following additional measures to be taken: 1. Inspection of bow doors in Finnish car and rail ferries The National Board of Navigation was to inspect urgently the bow and stern doors of all car and rail ferries that fly the Finnish flag and call at Finnish ports. The inspection was to include both condition and functioning of the doors as well as their alarm and monitoring systems and was to be completed within a week. The National Board of Navigation was also to verify that the passenger vessels, car and rail ferries maintain such routines that the closing of all cargo doors is secured before departure. These inspections were completed by October 8th, as follows: Vessel Year of Build Type of bow door Date Cinderella -89 butterfly type 29.09. -
The MS Estonia Sinking Was Planned
return to updates The MS Estonia Sinking was Planned by Miles Mathis First published March 12, 2021 As usual, this is just my opinion, based on personal research. This paper is by request. Just a cursory glance at the facts is enough to peg this sinking as another purposeful scuttling by the ship's owners, to get rid of an old, damaged ship and collect insurance money. Which of course means the deaths were faked. For the MO here, consult my papers on the Titanic, the Lusitania , and the Hindenburg, where we saw their demises were also faked or planned. Unlike in the other stories, Wikipedia doesn't give us much to work with here, but the biggest clues there are the signs of a coverup. As with the Lusitania, the wreckage of the Estonia was immediately hidden by the governments of Sweden, Finland, and Estonia, proving they were in on the fake. The Estonia Agreement 1995, a treaty among Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Poland, Denmark, Russia and the United Kingdom, declared sanctity over the site, prohibiting their citizens from even approaching the wreck. That is enough by itself to peg this as a conjob. If there was nothing to hide, that fake “sanctity” would not be necessary. We always see the same phony appeals to the sanctity of the dead in these cons, possibly the worst of them in the aftermath of 911, where we were told asking any questions or expecting any investigations was an insult to the dead. Just the opposite of the truth, of course, since if these people were really dead, both their ghosts and their families would want a full investigation. -
Finnish Studies
JOURNAL OF FINNISH STUDIES Volume 16 Number 1 August 2012 Journal of Finnish Studies JOURNAL OF FINNISH STUDIES EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS OFFICE Journal of Finnish Studies, Department of English, 1901 University Avenue, Evans 458 (P.O. Box 2146), Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TEXAS 77341-2146, USA Tel. 1.936.294.1402; Fax 1.936.294.1408 SUBSCRIPTIONS, ADVERTISING, AND INQUIRIES Contact Business Office (see above & below). EDITORIAL STAFF Helena Halmari, Editor-in-Chief, Sam Houston State University; [email protected] Hanna Snellman, Co-Editor, University of Helsinki; [email protected] Scott Kaukonen, Associate Editor, Sam Houston State University; [email protected] Hilary Joy Virtanen, Assistant Editor, University of Wisconsin; [email protected] Sheila Embleton, Book Review Editor, York University; [email protected] EDITORIAL BOARD Varpu Lindström, University Professor, York University, Toronto, Chair Börje Vähämäki, Founding Editor, JoFS, Professor Emeritus, University of Toronto Raimo Anttila, Professor Emeritus, University of California, Los Angeles Michael Branch, Professor Emeritus, University of London Thomas DuBois, Professor, University of Wisconsin Sheila Embleton, Distinguished Research Professor, York University, Toronto Aili Flint, Emerita Senior Lecturer, Associate Research Scholar, Columbia University, New York Anselm Hollo, Professor, Naropa Institute, Boulder, Colorado Richard Impola, Professor Emeritus, New Paltz, New York Daniel Karvonen, Senior Lecturer, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Andrew Nestingen, -
A Historical-Institutionalist Analysis of the MV Sewol and MS Estonia Tragedies: Policy Lessons from Sweden for South Korea*
A Historical-Institutionalist Analysis of the MV Sewol and MS Estonia Tragedies: Policy Lessons from Sweden for South Korea* Jörg Michael Dostal**, Hyun-jin Kim***, and Albin Ringstad**** Abstract: On April 16, 2014, the South Korean ship MV Sewol sank, claiming the lives of 304 passengers. The accident appeared to observers to be a man- made disaster, since all the passengers could have been rescued if adequate safety measures and disaster management procedures had been in place. The Sewol sinking has subsequently turned into a focusing event in terms of safety policy debates in South Korea. On September 28, 1994, the Swedish ship MS Estonia sank, claiming the lives of 852 people. This earlier tragedy was also a focusing event in the context of Swedish debates about safety policies. In this article, South Korean and Swedish safety policies are analyzed from a historical-institutionalist perspective. While Swedish disaster prevention systems have generally performed well in a virtuous cycle, those of South Korea have performed poorly in a vicious cycle. The article highlights how South Korean policy makers might use Swedish policies, developed in response to the 1994 MS Estonia accident, to improve their safety policies. In addition, we suggest that long-term policies focusing on comprehensive social welfare and the pooling of risks are required to restore citizens’ trust in government and to transform South Korea from a low safety into a high safety society. Keywords: historical institutionalism, Korea, MS Estonia, MV Sewol, safety policy, Sweden **** Earlier versions of this article were presented at the Korean Association for Policy Studies and Korean Association for Public Administration conferences in Seoul on December 5 and December 12, 2014, respectively. -
The Sinking of MS Estonia: Still Doubts Over Official Story 24 Years After the Biggest Maritime Disaster in Europe Since World War II
The Sinking of MS Estonia: Still Doubts Over Official Story 24 Years After the Biggest Maritime Disaster in Europe Since World War II By Terje Maloy Region: Europe Global Research, September 18, 2018 Theme: History, Law and Justice, Media Disinformation Just after midnight, in the first hour of September 28th, 1994, the passenger ferry MS Estonia sank in the Baltic Sea. It was sailing its regular route, from Tallinn in Estonia to the Swedish capital Stockholm. The vessel capsized and sank in less than an hour, in the end settling sideways on the ocean floor at 80 meters deep. The weather was rough, but nothing extraordinary for the time of year, with winds of 25 meters/second and waves of 4 to 6 meters. Of the 989 passengers and crew, 852 died, making it the biggest European maritime disaster since WW2. 501 of the dead were Swedes. Just hours after the sinking, Swedish Prime Minister Carl Bildt was quick to try to control the narrative of what had happened. In a statement to the public, he announced that the sinking happened because the bow visor (the front part protecting the bow of the ship, which can be lifted up to allow the car ramp to be extended), had fallen off due to being pounded by the waves. The same afternoon Bildt called the Swedish minister responsible for maritime affairs, saying the same thing, ‘There are no other explanations’. And he called Hans Laidwa from the Estline shipping agency, the owner of MS Estonia, telling him ‘The accident must have been caused by a construction error’. -
The Ctu Code – the Incident of Grounding Why We Need It of M.V
ISSUE 20 MARCH 95 21 THE REPORT The Magazine of the International Institute of Marine Surveying The CTU Code - why we need it VAT on Yachts post Brexit Costly claims for crane failures caused by human errors The Estonia disaster continues to be a bottomless source of learning President’s column: The new order after Brexit - what we know THE REPORT The Magazine of the International Institute of Marine Surveying MARCH 2021 • ISSUE 95 60 • THE ESTONIA DISASTER 84 • SURVEYING RIVETS Contents CONTINUES TO BE A AND RIVETING - PART 1 BOTTOMLESS SOURCE 92 • A MULTI-SLAT HYDROFOIL OF LEARNING SOLUTION FOR LOW-SPEED 04 • EDITOR’S LETTER 64 • COSTLY CLAIMS FOR SAILING IN HEAVY SEAS 05 • THE PRESIDENT’S CRANE FAILURES CAUSED 94 • NEW PRODUCTS COLUMN BY HUMAN ERRORS 100 • THOUGHT FOR THE DAY - 10 • IIMS ORGANISATION 66 • FROM COMPOSITE EVOLUTION PROTECTING YOURSELF - AND STRUCTURE TO VESSEL CONSTRUCTION COMMUNICABLE DISEASE 11 • MARINE NEWS REVOLUTION EXCLUSIONS 21 • SAFETY BRIEFINGS 70 • CORROSION-RESISTANT STEELS 103 • A DAY IN THE LIFE OF... FOR CARGO OIL TANKS 30 • MEMBER NEWS CAPT PURNENDU SHOREY 72 • FAULT TREE ANALYSIS OF 38 • THE CTU CODE – THE INCIDENT OF GROUNDING WHY WE NEED IT OF M.V. “C.S CIGNE” 46 • NEW INSIGHTS INTO MSC 78 • AKZONOBEL UNLOCKS ZOE IN SHALLOW WATER MORE SUSTAINABLE FUTURE THAT REQUIRE FURTHER FOR COATINGS AFTER ACTION TO PREVENT FUTURE BIOMASS BREAKTHROUGH CONTAINER LOSS 80 • NEW GUIDANCE DOCUMENT 48 • TACKLING THE SCOURGE OF FOR CARGO AND CARGO HOLD CONTAINER SHIP FIRES VENTILATION PUBLISHED 50 • CONTAINER STACK 60 COLLAPSES - CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS 54 • THE SERIOUS HEALTH RISKS OF A POLLUTED OCEAN 57 • VAT ON YACHTS - WHAT HAS CHANGED SINCE 31 DECEMBER 2020? 57 64 5 38 The Report • March 2021 • Issue 95 | 3 Editor’s Letter Dear Colleague shipping and cargo in this edition. -
The Great Depression in Monmouth County: an Exhibition at the Monmouth County Library Headquarters 125 Symmes Drive Manalapan, New Jersey October 2009
The Great Depression in Monmouth County: An Exhibition at the Monmouth County Library Headquarters 125 Symmes Drive Manalapan, New Jersey October 2009 Organized by The Monmouth County Archives Gary D. Saretzky, Curator Eugene Osovitz, Preparer “Illdestined Morro Castle off Beach at Asbury Park,” Sept. 9, 1934 Monmouth County Archives, Acc. #2007-12 Gift of Fred Sisser Produced by the Monmouth County Archives 125 Symmes Drive Manalapan, NJ 07726 http://visitmonmouth.com/archives Acknowledgments The special month-long exhibit in the lobby of the Monmouth County Library, “The Great Depression in Monmouth County,” was curated by Gary D. Saretzky with exhibit preparation by Eugene Osovitz. Joya Anderson of the Archives staff produced digital prints of many of the exhibit items. The curved wall portion of the exhibit was mounted by the Monmouth County Art Department under the direction of Roberta Ohliger. Editorial assistance for the exhibition catalog was provided by Patrick Caiazzo. This exhibit was drawn from the collections of the Monmouth County Archives, several other repositories, and a private collector. The cooperation of the following individuals and organizations who lent or provided materials for the exhibition is gratefully acknowledged: Bette Epstein and Joanne Nestor, New Jersey State Archives; Ron Becker, Michael Joseph, and Caryn Radick, Special Collections and University Archives, Rutgers University; George Hawley, Newark Public Library; Laura Poll, Monmouth County Historical Association; Art Anderson; and Wendy Nardi. Images of Jersey Homesteads in this exhibit were obtained from the American Memory website of the Library of Congress, a national treasure, and articles from the Red Bank Register were printed from the very useful online version on the website of the Middletown Township Public Library. -
Out of Uniform Compliance Bushfire Non-Traditional Outlook Volunteering Rethinking Risk Advanced Automatic Fire Detection Systems
Spring 2014 confronting product out of uniform compLiance bushfire Non-traditional outLook volunteering rethinking risk Advanced Automatic Fire Detection Systems Leading Australian fire professionals choose PERTRONIC fire systems A network of Pertronic F120A fire alarm panels protects the occupants of Brisbane’s 81-storey Infinity Tower PERTRONIC INDUSTRIES PTY LTD Melbourne Sydney Brisbane Adelaide Perth PH 03 9562 7577 PH 02 9638 7655 PH 07 3255 2222 PH 08 8340 9533 PH 08 6555 3008 Fax 03 9562 8044 Fax 02 9638 7688 Fax 07 3054 1458 Fax 08 8340 9544 Fax 08 9248 3783 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 2 | Fire AustrAliA spring 2014 www.pertronic.com.au 18 14 26 Spring 2014 Joint editors In thIs Issue Joseph Keller (FpA Australia) 14 Rethinking risk—empowering tel +61 3 8892 3131 communities adveRtIseR emAil [email protected] lIstIng 18 Product compliance—the 2 Pertronic nathan maddock (Bushfire and natural confronting reality 4 WBS Technology Hazards CrC) 22 Preventing fire and protecting 7 Archer Testing tel +61 3 9412 9605 9 CSR Bradford emAil [email protected] assets with oxygen-reduction systems 10 Lorient mandy Cant (AFAC) 1 3 Volvo tel +61 3 9419 2388 26 Higher than normal risk this fire 1 7 Australian Fire emAil [email protected] season Enterprises 2 1 Fire Australia 2015 28 Learning from adversity at key 25 FireSense Fire protection Association Australia industry conference (FpA Australia) ABn 30 005 366 576 -
The Green-Wood Historic Fund Its Verdict in January 2010
WINTER 2010 ›› “Angels of Music” ›› Recent RestoRAtions ›› the ARtists PRoject ›› confedeRAte RAM AlbeMARle ›› ThE Green-Wood HisToric FuNd its verdict in January 2010. I urge you to visit our website (http://www.green-wood.com/angelofmusic) where you can see additional beautiful photographs of their miniature sculptures shown on the next page. Preserving history for future generations does not come without a price tag. We estimate that the total cost for The Gottschalk Project will exceed $150,000. While I am very pleased with the artistic aspects of this effort, we have a long way to go meet our fund-raising goals. By making a tax-deductible donation, you will contribute not only to this wonderful project, but to all our efforts to keep Green- Wood thriving as an important center of art and history. Here are some quick updates on a few other exciting WINTER ’10: Green-Wood projects: The Historic Fund’s art collection continues to grow in WElcomE scope and importance. We now own more than 100 original notes fRoM the geM pieces of art work by artists interred here. Among our new- est acquisitions are works by residents Thomas Hicks and As winter sets in, Green-Wood is alive with activity. From Thomas Doughty, as well as a second work by Samuel S. our historic preservation work to our ongoing trolley Carr, a painting of Green-Wood resident Louise Griswold. tours, and from our successful partnerships with local public schools to the continued expansion of our archive Our educational programs are thriving as well. I am collection, the year 2009 has been one to be proud of. -
BOOK RELEASE SS Atlantic: the White Star Line's First Disaster At
History BOOK RELEASE ISBN‐13 978‐0‐86492‐528‐2 $24.95 CAD / $19.95 USD / 174 pp / 9 x 8.5 / pb Pub Date: May 29, 2009 (Canada) / June 29, 2009 (US) SS Atlantic: The White Star Line’s First Disaster at Sea Greg Cochkanoff and Bob Chaulk Built forty‐two years before the RMS Titanic, the Atlantic had successfully completed eighteen crossings before it ran aground off the coast of Nova Scotia on April 1, 1873, killing 562 of the 952 onboard. It was the deadliest marine disaster of the 19th century, yet, until now, the full story has never been told. Manufactured by the same company that built the Titanic, the Atlantic was the second ship of its kind launched by the White Star Line. From the beginning of the White Star Line itself, with its dynamic leader Thomas Ismay to the shipyards where the Atlantic was created, this history of the ship and its Atlantic Ocean crossings gives remarkably detailed accounts of the crew and the passengers on the final fateful voyage. The heart‐wrenching events of the tragic day of the sinking are laid out in minute detail, as well as the aftermath for the survivors, the rescuers, the salvagers, and the scavengers, who recovered both cargo and the dead — for a price. Richly illustrated throughout with archival pictures, maps, engravings, and photographs, this book is the only comprehensive account of the great ship and its final fate. The appendices include the findings of the Halifax inquiry into the wreck and a full list of the passengers.