PRAYER FOR NIGHT-FOLK DO WE UNDERSTAND LIFE (Acrostic) OF THE DESERT tt and By DARRELL TOTTEN By ELS:E MCKINMON STRACHAN By TANYA SOITH Henderson. Nevada Santa Ana, California Deep down wilhin the complex brain of man How then has good Fate passed you by. One cell alone determines that brain's plan. Kindler of twilight, weaver of shadow, When il is pain and grief that make Guard while these small folk pattern in Tha soul for greater wisdom cry. Which one of us can dare to think that he braille. And unto greater lJght awake? Exemplifies that which all men should be? Stories of night life, unknown to day crea- tures, For pain and grief are but the tools Utopia has ever been our dream: Recording on sand in minutest detail. That scour and polish and bisect, Now and then a wish—now and then a Until we learn to follow Rules. scheme. Let safety be with them, the chipmunk and And Light alone reflect. Do we believe the words our lips repeat? rabbit, Each war we wage leads only to defeat. Badger and beetle and vinegaroon; Reason, it seems, deserts us in the end; That I may decipher, before wind erases. Somehow we shape the truth and lie to Notes they have left beneath the pale moon. FANTASY blend! Today we stand again, where we once stood Give them the time for love and home- By GRACE STAPLES Ages ago, and speak of Brotherhood. building, I stood in a desert beside a palm. Nature, we say, makes us behave as fools— For racing and rollicking in the sand; I'd lost my hold on the ways of men. Does Nature write our books, and build Maker of all that is tiny and helpless. My soul was sick for the peace and strength our schools? Hold back the dawn until they disband. Of primitive things again. Look at the star-filled desert sky and ask And let them not loiter in finding their day I touched the tree. My arms went 'round. If peace of mind is worth the pleasant task. homes. 1 cried for help to this ancient kin. Flying endlessly on through space we go. Spare them to hurry. Watch over each waif. With face close pressed my fingers clutched Each fearing only what we do not know. Keep the slow ones from sudden disaster. Its bark. I passed within. Oh, please be with them, let each one be safe! My body slipped to the curving roots. DESERT MONARCH My life flowed on in the life of the tree But I sensed that fainting helpless thing— By VIRGINIA L. BRUCE The thing that had been me. Hemet, California CAGED COYOTE Undaunted by the scars of time. To a free, rich life I turned again. It's stood from day to day— By ETHEL E. MANN All human grief and longing gone. This rough and rugged Joshua tree St. Ignace, Michigan This surging joy that now was mine In lonely majesty. You scan the passers by with cold distrust I'd known before in a far aeon. As you patrol on ceaseless, padded feet; For untold years it's kept its watch You tolerate man's gaze because you must My being reached in the deep cool earth. Above the shifting sands Though schooled in cunning you may not It flowed to the sky and prayed to the sun. So restless in their wanderings compete I knew the peace of forest life. Across the desert lands. With captors, who contrived through clever The tree and I were one. snare Its arms reach out towards the sky. In one unguarded moment, your complete And when the sun hangs low Betrayal; for the instant, unaware GIANT JOSHUA TREE They weave a spell of silent song Your sleepless eyes scorn man's unsavory Against the golden glow— dole By CONSTANCE WALKER While hated man scent dominates the air Los Angeles, California Enchanting all the quiet miles Far better, sleep out on your wind-swept You stand as Joshua Until the stars of night knoll Vicariously giving Like tiny windows in the sky With hunger pangs, at end of fruitless quest; His creed for victory Shine bright with heaven's light. A lithe, gaunt body, housing your free soul. In strong, courageous living. And when the dawn folds up the dark With faith renewing hands. Collared lizard. Photograph by Joe Orr, Los Angeles, California. My Joshua tree still keeps its watch— A monarch of the sands. • • • FREE GOLD By GEORGIA JORDAN San Diego, California The desert sun is lasting gold, A healing gift for brighter days. Reflected by the sands that hold A treasure chest of violet rays.

By VADA F. CARLSON Winslow, Arizona O, lizard, beware! You're as quick as a wink But not as immune from attack As you think. Don't lie in the sun. Puffed up in your pride. Till a chaparral cock Neatly punctures your hide. Your body, my friend. He will coldly impale— With a jab of his beak And a flit of his tail. If you have a fear You're wise not to lull it. Lest you disappear Down a roadrunner's gullet. DESERT MAGAZINE DESERT CALENDAR Nov. 2-5—World Symposium on Ap- THE plied Solar Energy, Phoenix, Ari- Fviv V^-' zona. Nov. 4-13—Arizona State Fair, Phoe- nix, Arizona. Nov. 5-6 — Ryder Cup Matches, Thunderbird Country Club, Palm Springs, California. Nov. 5-6—Sierra Club hike to con- cretion forest near Truckhaven, 30 miles south of Indio, California, on Highway 99. Nov. 5-6 — Cotton Carnival, Casa Grande, Arizona. Volume 18 NOVEMBER. 1955 Number 11 Nov. 7-8—New Mexico Cattlemen's Association Fall Show and Sale, Raton, New Mexico. COVER Saguaro Cactus fruit (see story on page 14) Nov. 10-13 — Annual Death Valley Photo by Charles W. Herbert Encampment, sponsored by Death Valley '49ers, Death Valley, Cali- POETRY Lizard, Beware! and other poems 2 fornia. CALENDAR November events on the desert 3 Nov. 11—Good Neighbor Day festiv- ities, Bisbee, Arizona. PERSONALITY Kelly of Capitol Reef Nov. 11-16 — Annual Golden Spike By RANDALL HENDERSON 4 National Livestock Show, Ogden, LOST MINE A Skeleton Guards the Lost Gold of Jarbidge Utah. Nov. 12—St. James Day Corn Har- By NELL MURBARGER 7 vest Dance, Tesuquc, New Mexico HISTORY Hassayampa Dam Disaster—1890 (photography permitted by approval and fee payment). By I. H. PARKMAN 11 Nov. 12 — San Diego's Day Corn GARDENING Tamarisk in the Back Yard Harvest Dance, Jemez Pueblo, New By RUTH REYNOLDS 13 Mexico (photography prohibited). Nov. 12-13 — Annual Weed Show INDIANS Saguaro Harvest in the Land of Papagos sponsored by the Woman's Club, By CHARLES W. HERBERT 14 Twentynine Palms, California. FIELD TRIP Rock Trails in Chemehuevi-Land Nov. 18-27—Arizona State Bowling Association Tournament, Yuma, By HAROLD O. WEIGHT 18 Arizona. EXPERIENCE Rare Bird of the Santa Ritas Nov. 19-20 — Annual Elks Rodeo, Victorville, California. By DOROTHY W. ALLEN 23 Nov. 24—Desert Sun Ranchers Ro- CONTEST deo, Wickenburg, Arizona. Picture of the Month Contest announcement . . 24 Nov. 24-27—Sierra Club Kofa Range CLOSE-UPS About those who write for Desert 24 hike, campsite at Palm Canyon, 17 miles south of Quartzsite, Ari- PHOTOGRAPHY Pictures of the Month 25 zona. NATURE Nov. 25-27 — New Mexico and El Desert Hunter—Shy and Deadly Paso Stamp Clubs Convention, By EDMUND C. JAEGER 26 Hotel Paso del Korte, El Paso, LETTERS Texas. Comment from Desert's readers 28 Nov. 26-27—Junior Parade and Ro- TRUE OR FALSE A test of your desert knowledge 29 deo, Florence, Arizona. NEWS Nov. 26-27—Sierra Club Telescope From here and there on the Desert 30 Peak hike, meet at cafe near Wild FICTION Rose Station, 40 miles north of Hard Rock Shorty of Death Valley 31 Trona, California, for tour of URANIUM Aguereberry Point and Skidoo. Progress of the mining boom 35 MINING November and December—Peruvian Current news of desert mines 39 Weaving Exhibit, Museum of LAPIDARY Northern Arizona, Flagstaff, Ari- Amateur Gem Cutter, by LELANDE QUICK . . 40 zona. HOBBY Gems and Minerals 41 Late November or early December— COMMENT Zuni Pueblo House Dedication Just Between You and Me, by the Editor ... 46 ceremonies, Santa Fe, New Mex- BOOKS ico (photography prohibited). Reviews of Southwestern Literature 47 After First Frost — Navajo Fire Dance, Navajo Reservation. The Desert Magazine is published monthly by the Desert Press. Inc., Palm Desert, California. Re-entered as second class matter July 17, 1948, at the postoffice at Palm Desert, California, tmder the Act of March 3, 1870. Title registered No. 358865 in U. S. Patent Office, and contents copyrighted 1955 by the Desert Press, Inc. Permission to reproduce contents About the Cover . . . must be secured from the editor in writing. The outstretched arm of this Giant Saguaro Cactus has lost its halo of RANDALL HENDERSON, Editor EUGENE L. CONROTTO, Associate Editor waxy white flowers and in its place BESS STACY, Business Manager EVONNE RIDDELL, Circulation Manager has grown a ring of brilliant scarlet Unsolicited manuscripts and photographs submitted cannot be returned or acknowledged fruit—the delight of desert dwellers unless full return postage is enclosed. Desert Magazine assumes no responsibility for damage or loss of manuscripts or photographs although due care will be exercised. Sub- and desert birds alike. Indians skill- scribers should send notice of change of address by the first of the month preceding issue. fully reach 30—often 40—feet into the hot summer sky with their long SUBSCRIPTION RATES kuihits to knock the dark red pulpy One Year S3.50 Two Years $8.00 centers to the ground, leaving the Canadian Subscriptions 25c Extra, Foreign 50c Extra green and unopened fruit untouched to ripen in its own time. Subscriptions to Army Personnel Outside U. S. A. Must Be Mailed in Conformity With P. O. D. Order No. 19687 Yddress Correspondence to Desert Magazine, Palm Pesert, California

NOVEMBER, 1955 •r »-- *> wj

SS™L REEF Hi WTfftlrtfi MONUMENT NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

Charles Kelly, printer, musician, explorer, writer—an

DESERT MAGAZINE raphy of the great central desert pla- teau where he has spent much of his mature life, always exploring, reading and writing. Kelly was born in Cedar Springs, Michigan, in 1889. His father was a minister, and soon after Charles' birth the family moved to a new pastorate in Ohio, and a few years later to Chi- cago. His mother, a cultured woman, gave him his elementary schooling at home, and laid the foundations for a life of study and research. It was not until he was 15 that he was enrolled in the public schools, and his academic stud- ies ended with three years at Valpa- raiso University in Indiana. In the meantime he had been learn- ing the printing trade in the little shop where his father printed religious tracts in Cottonwood Falls, Kansas. At 25, with his classroom work and his printing apprenticeship behind him, he went to Pendleton, Oregon as a Linotype operator, and soon became the foreman of the newspaper compos- ing room there. Then he moved to Great Falls, Montana, where he spent three years in a commercial printing plant. When World War I was declared he enlisted in the infantry, and was in officer's training school when the Ar- mistice was signed. His parents had encouraged him to practice on the violin and cornet. Later he played in school and community orchestras, and when he received his discharge at the end of the war he decided to follow music rather than printing as a career. He went to Salt Lake City because he felt the opportunities for a musician were better there than in a small com- munity. But full time employment for a musician was not easy to find, and he now had a wife, and a home to maintain. He and Harriett were mar- ried in 1919. Under the circumstances it was easy to turn back to the printing business, where employment was dependable and wages good. He took a job as Linotype operator, and a year later became a partner in a commercial printing business in Salt Lake City. He remained in this business 19 years. Capitol Gorge in the Capitol Reef National Monument. In the meantime he had taken up hobbies which were taking more and more of his time and interest. His trip. At the edge of the desert where the tragic Donnor episode he found brother, also working in Salt Lake City, they stopped for information a garage recurring references to other men and had ficcuiired a Model T Ford, and he man told about the Donnor party which incidents in the historical background asked Kelly to suggest some weekend had crossed that way in 1846. of Utah and the Southwest. He be- trips they could take together in the Kelly was intrigued by the meager came an eager student of western his- new car. information given by the garage man, tory, especially that of the great La- hontan Basin and the plateau that ex- Charles had always been curious and when he returned to Salt Lake City he went to the library to read what he tends from the Rockies westward about the great blank space on the across Utah and Nevada. Utah map marked "Great Salt Desert" could find about the Donnor party. and they scheduled that for their first In his quest for information about Before long, all his spare time was

NOVEMBER, 1955 5 devoted to historical research, and the tired and moved to Fruita in the Wayne and Kelly was given full-time pay for weekend and vacation trips of explora- Wonderland to devote all his time to a job to which he had been devoting tion along historic trails where bits of his hobby. He suggested that the much of his time for many years. evidence—old wagon ruts, inscriptions peaceful valley at the base of the color- Kelly had found everything he on rocks and campsites marked by dis- ful Capitol Reef would be an ideal wanted at Capitol Reef — a land of cards from the wagon trains a hundred place for a writer to live and work. fantastic beauty with unlimited oppor- years ago—were to be found. The urge was strong, and in 1940 tunity to explore, and to study the subjects in which he was most inter- It was inevitable that Kelly should Kelly sold his interest in the Salt Lake printing business and moved to Fruita. ested — history, geology, archeology, make the acquaintance of Frank Beck- He was not ready to retire, and his botany and zoology. And now he was with, editor of the weekly Chronicle limited book editions had never been custodian of this 33,000-acre domain at Delta, Utah, who for many years highly profitable. He would buy a for Uncle Sam. had been engaged in similar pursuits. fruit ranch, and divide his time between The Park budget for Capitol Reef In association with Beckwith, Kelly's the orchard and his study. was very limited, but that did not dim interests were expanded to include Kelly's enthusiasm. Much of the time archeological research. Together they But something was taking place in Europe which interfered with his plans. he was without a ranger assistant— sought prehistoric campsites, artifacts The inflation of the economy which which meant that the office would be and petroglyphs which might throw followed Hitler's invasion of France closed on his weekly day off. But light on the character and habits of the and Uncle Sam's feverish effort to re- tourists never take a recess, and when prehistoric people who had dwelt in arm, had created a ready market at Kelly was not at park headquarters this desert region. high prices for food, including fruit. they sought him at his home. Virtually, Then Kelly began to write. There Orchard lands were in demand and it has been a seven-days-a-week job. was only a limited market for short fruit acreage had advanced sharply in But Kelly does not complain about articles in the fields in which he was selling price. Kelly decided to mark that. As far as he is concerned, Capi- interested, and since he had his own time until conditions were back to tol Reef is not merely the end of the facilities for the printing of books, he normal again. He is still waiting to rainbow, it is the whole rainbow. It began to compile book-length manu- buy a fruit ranch at a price he can has the gorgeous coloring of Death scripts. During the 10 years from 1930 afford to pay. Valley Monument plus the fantastic formations of Bryce—and Kelly wants to 1940 he completed the following By presidential proclamation of volumes: to share the beauty of this land with all Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1937, 33,- who come to his door. Salt Lake Trails. 068.74 acres of the Wayne Wonder- Capitol Reef is uranium country. One land had been set aside as Capitol Reef Holy Murder, a Biography of Porter of the first discoveries of this ore was National Monument. When Kelly Rockwell. made here many years ago, before the Old Greenwood, the story of a trap- moved to Fruita three years later no Monument was established. Until last per. resident custodian had yet been named May the Atomic Energy Commission, for the Monument. However, in order Miles Goodyear, the biography of under the authority of an emergency to obtain water rights, the Park Service provision, was issuing permits to pros- the man who founded Ogden, Utah, had invested in a house and a small before the Mormons came. pect for uranium within the Monument. tract in the orchard area along Sulphur However, the area has now been thor- Outlaw Trails, the story of Butch Creek. Cassidy and other outlaws. oughly prospected, and no new per- mits are to be issued. While the out- Journals of John D. Lee. The Monument was under the juris- diction of Paul Franke, superintendent standing permits are good for a year, All of these books, printed in limited of Zion Canyon and Bryce National and for continuing operation on the edition, are now out of print and some Parks. On one of his visits to Capitol few claims where pay ore had been of them are collector's items of rare Reef Franke met Kelly, and suggested found, the mass invasion of the Geiger value. that he assume sort of a dollar-a-year counter clan is about over—and Kelly Kelly found the demands of a highly custodianship of the Monument, his looks forward to the opportunity to competitive business enterprise inter- compensation to be the rental value of restore and maintain his national mon- fering more and more with the things the dilapidated old house which the ument for the purposes for which parks he wanted to do—study and write. It Park Service had acquired. and monuments were created—to serve the cultural and recreational, rather was not easy after a long and hectic For Kelly, this proposal solved the day attending the infinite details of the than the commercial, purposes of problem of housing pending the pur- American citizens. printing business—selling letterheads, chase of a fruit ranch and he accepted keeping the presses rolling, meeting it, although much time and some invest- There has been little time for writ- payrolls and collecting bills—to devote ment was required to make the house ing since Kelly assumed the superin- a relaxed evening in the library or at livable. tendent's position at Capitol Reef. Des- the typewriter. Although no budget had been set ert Magazine's staff would welcome One of the places Kelly had visited up in Washington for the administra- more of his stories. But he is still a in his exploration of Utah was the student—and in his present position is tion of Capitol Reef Monument, accumulating a vast store of new ma- Wayne Wonderland, a vast scenic re- Franke at various times was able to gion in Wayne County. He had gone terial for the day when he and Harriett spare limited sums from his own bud- can resume the way of life they there first to see the Pectol collection get for preliminary surveys and road dreamed about when they moved to of Indian artifacts, one of the finest work, and for some part time work the lovely valley of orchards at the private collections in the state. for Kelly. A small headquarters build- base of the great stone cliff—a quiet One of his friends in Salt Lake City ing had been erected as a WPA project. study where the walls are lined with was Dr. A. L. Inglesby, a dentist who It was not until 1950 that the Park books, and apples and pears and had taken up rock collecting and lapi- Service authorized the employment of peaches growing in their own little dary as a hobby. Dr. Inglesby had re- a superintendent for the Monument, orchard outside. DESERT MAGAZINE A Skeleton Guards the Lost Gold of Jarbidge

Two men found a gold-studded ledge far up near the headwaters of one of the creeks tributary to Jarbidge River in northeastern Nevada—but both of them carried the secret of its location to their graves. Old-timers be- lieve the gold is still there—awaiting the day when another prospector with the hardihood to enter that high rugged country will re- discover it.

By NELL MURBARGER Photographs by the author Map by Norton Allen Jarbidge Canyon. In the high country above where the sheep- herder found the gold vein summer comes for only one month THE OLD stage station out of the year. of North Fork on the headwaters of the Humboldt, a graded road Should the spirit of adventure ever And then, when evening has settled leads northeasterly into that perpen- lead you to Jarbidge 1 hope you find over the little camp and the world has dicular land where Nevada rubs shoul- it much as I did last summer—a pleas- grown dark and very still, an old timer ders with Idaho. It is a lonely road ant little ghost town living in the shade or two may shuffle down the dusty that serves no towns and only a few of mine dumps and memories, its single street to Charlie's cabin. Maybe they'll cabins. Sage hens patter along its street flanked by two rows of faded log sit on Charlie's doorstep and smoke dusty ruts or whirr away heavily on cabins built during the gold mining their pipes and visit. Their talk will stiff wings while jackrabbits and half- boom days of 40 years ago. I hope drift to the day when Jarbidge was wild range cattle turn to stare curi- your visit falls in July or August when young and no man knew how great a ously at the human intruder. every old porch is latticed with morn- bonanza might lie but a shovel's length Crossing the West Fork of the Bru- ing-glory and hop vines, and the old away. neau the road leads on through the lit- picket-fenced yards are buried in holly- Listen well. then, stranger for at tle ghost town of Charleston and up hocks, and the canyon air is sweet such times old men of the Jarbidge into Humboldt National Forest where with wild roses, chokecherry blossoms country speak of the Lost Sheepherder the scraggly brush of the desert gives and creek dogwood, and the brush is mine and the skeleton left to guard it. way to tangled thickets of small quak- filled with quail talk. While the gold strike that sired the ing aspen and mountain mahogany. I hope, especially, that you find town of Jarbidge did not take place These in turn, give way to dark aisles Charlie Hawkinson at home, for Char- until 1908, that rough land at the of alpine fir and limber pine and high, lie has lived at Jarbidge for over half dovetailing headwaters of the Jarbidge, wide, barren expanses where it seems of his 80-odd years and he knows this Bruneau and Humboldt rivers had possible to look past the edge of the region like the inside of his pocket. been producing gold for nearly 40 world halfway into Eternity. He will show you the ruins of the great years. After looping over the tumbled Pavlak mill and tunnel, the Bluster and First of the yellow metal known to ranges for 50 miles, the road noses Success mines, the Flaxie and Starlight. have come from this district made its sharply down the south wall of Jarbidge He will take you to the spot on the appearance in the late 1870s, soon Canyon — dropping more than 2000 road where a stage driver was mur- after the Bruneau basin and its tribu- feet in five miles of corkscrew turns dered in Nevada's last stagecoach hold- taries were explored by a party of — and deep in the basement of that up and he will show you a willow- Mormons seeking potential farmland. shadowy gorge it deposits itself in the grown length of canyon where nearly In the course of that party's explora- old mining camp of Jarbidge—popu- $4000 of the stolen money was said tions, two of its members found gold lation 23. to have been buried. in the beds of several small creeks, but

NOVEMBER, 1955 7 because their church leaders looked a piece of ore and took it to his em- float, Ross packed his camp gear and upon gold mining as an unsuitable oc- ployers, Scott and Hanks and asked retreated from the high country. A cupation, they made no mention of the if they would have it assayed for him. few hours later he reached a sheep discovery. Fulfilling their mission they It was some while before the stage camp on the summer range of John returned to the Jarbidge country, traced bosses got around to having the assay Pence situated on the east bank of the the placer to its source, built a small made but when they did they learned Jarbidge River. The camptender, a arrastre and began mining and milling that the ore was fabulously rich in man named Ishman, invited him to gold which they sold in small lots at gold! remain overnight. Elko and Tuscarora. By that time, however, the driver Possibly Ross had a premonition These Mormon partners probably had left the company and was no- that he would never return to his exercised reasonable care to keep se- where to be found. Rumor said he had promising prospect; or, more than cret the location of their mine. It is gone back into the wild Jarbidge coun- likely, his weeks alone on the moun- unlikely that other prospectors made try to look for more gold. He never tain had left him so hungered for hu- great efforts to learn its site, however. was heard from again. man companionship he could not re- There was much mineral wealth to be Coupled with the activities of the sist the impulse to confide in another had in Nevada without having to probe two mining Mormons, the stage driv- the news of his good fortune. He told that high, remote region nearly 100 er's discovery whetted the interest of Ishman, the sheepherder, of the rich miles from the nearest source of sup- mining men and soon a few prospec- float he had found and fully described ply where snowdrifts lay piled in the tors ventured into the region—each to the canyon where he had located it. deeper canyons for 11 months out of work through the area's woefully brief He even went far enough beyond the every 12. summer and then to wander on to call of duty to relate how he had spent So the two Mormons went on oper- other diggings blessed with more com- half the summer tracing the float and ating their little arrastre and selling patible winter climates. how he had left the place marked with their gold and living their quiet way. Among the fair-weather miners who his pick and shovel. A time finally came, however, when strayed into the region about 1890 And, according to the story told a the merchants in Elko and Tuscarora was a man whose name is remembered year later by the camptender, Ross began to realize that "the Mormon only as Ross. In the course of his told him that if he failed to return to boys" had not been around for a long summer's work, Ross came upon some the prospect in the spring, Ishman while. Maybe they had worked their float fantastically rich in gold. He was should consider it his property and go mine out and then left the country; tracing it to its source when dark ahead with its development. maybe they had been buried by a clouds began gathering around the Ishman returned to the home ranch snowslide. No one knew and no one summits of the loftier peaks and the but said nothing regarding his encoun- bothered to investigate and so the first ominous hush of approaching winter ter with Ross, or what Ross had assert- known Jarbidge area gold production closed in upon the canyons. edly told him. came to an unrecorded end. Leaving his pick and shovel stuck When spring came and dark patches Years later in 1885 a stage driver in the rocky ground to mark the high- appeared on the hills and bluebells passing through the region picked up est point to which he had followed the and johnny-jump-ups began to bloom

8 DESERT MAGAZINE in the greening meadows around the stock dams John Pence's sheep and their herder again moved up the slopes toward that aspen-ringed meadow. As soon as it became possible for him to do so, Ishman made his way up the mountain to Ross' claim. Whether he honestly wondered if he would find Ross there or whether he knew for a certainty that Ross would never re- turn to that prospect is something no man can say. In either case, Ishman found the pick and shovel as Ross had described it—but lying beside the tools was another marker of quite a differ- ent character—the whitening skeleton of a man! Although the bones had been stripped clean and disarranged by ani- mals, the skeleton appeared to be com- plete. According to Ishman's later re- port to John Pence he was unable to determine if the skeleton was that of Ross or of some other man. Nor, ao- parently, could he ascertain how the unfortunate victim came to his end. Undaunted by this gruesome dis- covery, Ishman devoted all h;s spare time that summer to tracing the float. To an experienced miner that tracing might have presented few difficulties but Ishman was not an experienced miner — he was a sheepherder. For days at a time he would think he had lost the lead. Then he would find an- other small piece of ore heavily im- pregnated with gold and h>s search Charlie Hawkinson came to Jarbidge in 1912. would be launched anew. Thus he worked his way up the mountain slope, Ishman's ore samples ran more than Toiling up the mountain a few yards day by day and foot by foot. $4000 to the ton. behind Ishman. Pence saw the camp- Finally those long weeks of seeking While Pence and Ishman agreed to tender suddenly throw his hand to his led him to a small cropping of rock tell no one of the startling discovery head and reel drunkenly. thickly seamed with yellow. they talked of little else between them- And then, as Pence stared aghast, He had found the source of all those selves that winter. Yet Ishman never that powerful form began crumpling rich pieces of float but summer was revealed to Pence the exact location to earth, inert, flaccid, lifeless. already so far spent that snow-laden of the mine. Whenever his employer Despite heroic efforts by the rancher clouds had come to hover around the steered the conversation around in that summits and the lonely wind that licked in getting his stricken companion down direction, the canny sheepherder would off the mountain and to the nearest at the yellowing aspens was gusty and tell him that he would take him to the chill. Collecting several pounds of ore doctor at Mountain City—a 100 mile place as soon as the mountain snows trip by horse and wagon — Ishman Ishman carefully covered the outcrop- and weather permitted. ping with dead brush, hid all evidence died a few days later, a victim of a of his work, and removed Ross' pick At last the meadowlarks of another cerebral hemorrhage. He had not re- and shovel lest those markers guide spring were singing and bare patches gained consciousness. someone else to the discovery. Then, of ground again appeared on the wind- Death silenced the only man who detaching the skull from the skeleton swept shoulders of the hills. Long be- knew the mine's location and Pence as a macabre memento, the sheep- fore it was possible to take the sheep was left with no clues save a few vague herder rounded up his flock, broke over the trail to their summer pasture details Ishman had dropped concern- camp, and started back down the trail. Ishman and Pence headed into the ing the general terrain near the bo- At the home ranch Ishman exhibited mountains. nanza. With only these thin leads the the skull and ore samples to his em- As the men pushed higher into the sheepman spent thousands of dollars ployer, John Pence, and for the first rugged ranges Ishman's excitement grubstaking prospectors summer after time related the weird story of his grew until it bordered on madness. summer, always sending them into the meeting with Ross a year before and Faster and faster he climbed into the same wild region where he believed of the developments that followed. cold, thin air of the high country, his the mine to be hidden. Numerous One glance at the samples was fierce pace governed only by the lim- other prospectors tried to locate the enough to tell Pence that here was ore its of his endurance. mine on their own account. Of these of a richness hitherto unknown in that In the face of this powerful drive some never returned, and it was pre- section of the country — an opinion and vitality the tragic event soon to sumed they had starved to death or later substantiated by a reputable as- follow must have been doubly shock- had remained too late in the year and sayer who found that the poorest of ing to John Pence. were trapped by winter. Other thou-

NOVEMBER, 1955 Jarbidge developed rapidly as a town. February, 1910, found 500 persons in camp. Supplies of all kinds were scarce and exhorbitant in cost. Most of the buildings in camp had been constructed of pine logs but seven of the business houses were built of dressed lumber brought in by burro. As time slipped by new mines were discovered and existing mines devel- oped. But still the matter of inacces- sibility remained. As late as 1917, with most hamlets in the United States linked by fast rail communication and all-weather highways, Jarbidge was still clinging to its precarious perch in Ne- vada's snow-bound attic. Nearest rail connection was at Rogerson, Idaho, and throughout the winter months cit- izens of Jarbidge having business at Log buildings along Jarbidge's single street date back to the 1909-1910 Elko, their county seat, necessarily gold boom. Electric power was brought in from a distance of 80 miles. made the trip by way of Pocatello, Idaho, and Ogden, Utah. sands of dollars were spent with spirit- Some of Bourne's assays, it was re- Among the men and women still ualists in an effort to make contact ported, were running to the fabulous living at Jarbidge are several who still with either Ross or Ishman in the figure of $73,000 in gold to the ton recall those early days of isolation and spirit world—but all these efforts were of ore! hardship. One who remembers is equally in vain. Charlie Hawkinson who came to Jar- "Before I had dug a hole 10 feet bidge with a pair of pack burros in In time the Ross discovery became deep in the property ... I had been 1912 and has continued to live there known as "The Lost Sheepherder offered $2,000,000!" said Bourne in through 43 years of tjood times and Mine" and when men of the northern bad. border country sat before their pine- wood fires on the long winter evenings There are many versions of Charlie saw electric power brought to Jarbidge from a distance of 80 miles they talked of it, conjectured over its the Lost Sheepherder Mine story, some radically different and a wagon road onened through to possible location and dreamed of some- from others. The version re- Deeth, on the Southern Pacific. He day finding it. lated by Miss Murbarger is the saw the Guggenheim interests move In November of 1908 Mr. and Mrs. one told by Mrs. John Pence in in; saw a newspaper established and D. A. Bourne were returning to their 1910. Because Mrs. Pence was a chamber of commerce organized; home at Boise, Idaho, after a cold the wife of the man who the saw the town grow to 3000 inhabitants horse-and-wagon trip to southern Ne- sheepherder told his story to, and spiral into fame as the greatest vada. Bourne, who had formerly lived many believe her version to be gold producing camp of that day in at the little settlement of Steptoe in the most authentic. the State of Nevada. White Pine County, Nevada, had been And Charlie stayed on to see the around mines and mining men all his big mines close down in 1942 by War life and for much of his life he had an exclusive interview published by a Production Board order after the camp heard tales of the Lost Sheepherder. Los Angeles newspaper. "Then I was had assertedly produced between $50 - Whenever he passed the general locale given a chance to sell 100,000 shares 000.000 and $60.000000 in gold. of the Sheepherder he kept his eyes for $1,000,00. But as there is ore With the major mines inoperative the open and on this occasion—cold as it valued at $27,000,000 in sight, I am population trickled away, stores and was—he was watching for color and not selling!" This statement appeared hotels and business houses closed, tun- formation. in the Elko Free Press of January 21 nels and mills collapsed and Jarbidge Reaching the banks of the Jarbidge 1910. became another Nevada chost town River, Bourne and his wife and their With this excitement, the old story with a population of 23 old timers. weary team turned down the stream of the Lost Sheepherder mine was re- The Lost Sheepherder mine is still and followed it to a point nine miles vived and while it had been Bourne's lost and somewhere on the mountain from the Idaho line, where they were original thought that his discovery and below it lies the headless skeleton that suddenly confronted by what was later that made by Ross were one and the originally belonged to the skull that described as "a bluff of great height same, when he and others had time John Pence keot for so many years on with gold in every line." to analyze the two strikes they realized the mantel in his ranch home. that Bourne's mine could not possibly Due to the extreme isolation of the But who had been the fiesh-and- Jarbidge River country even Bourne's be the Sheepherder—that the Sheep- herder must have been five or more blood proprietor of that skeleton? Had miraculous strike did not have the ef- it been some unmentioned partner of fect of starting an immediate stampede. miles distant and much higher on the range. Ross' whom he hnd killed before leav- As late as the fall of 1909 only six or ing the scene? H-d it been Ross him- seven men were prospecting in the With the Bourne strike transcend- self? Or was it someone else? district, but during the early months ing anything men had hoped from the These are secrets known only to of 1910 the full thrust of excitement Sheepherder. the story of the old mine hit the newspapers of Elko and Twin R°ss and, possibly, to Ishman. the gradually slipped into the limbo of sheepherder—secrets they carried to Falls. ancient history. their graves. 10 DESERT MAGAZINE Hassayampa Dam Disaster-1890

A 100-foot wall of water came handle overflow conditions a spillway This dam did not last any longer roaring down the narrow canyon 15 feet wide and eight feet deep was than it took the flood to hit it and the in the early hours of February 22, constructed near the top of the dam. mad water went rushing on down the 1890. The dam had burst! Before Normally the Hassayampa in that vi- canyon, leaving destruction and death the Hassayampa was back in its cinity is just a small babbling brook, in its wake. The channel was swept channel, 83 persons were known but at other times, as is the case with clean to the mouth of the Hassayampa to have been killed and scores of all Arizona dry streams, it becomes an where it empties into the Gila. At 9:30 others were missing. It stands as angry, roaring, rushing torrent, and a that morning the water reached the Arizona's worst disaster. small 15 by eight foot spillway could Buckeye Canal and spread out over not even handle a fourth of the water the valley, flooding the old Evans home that comes down it. a half mile east of the channel with By I. H. PARKMAN Twenty miles below the big dam a four feet of water. The new 30-acre Photographs from the alfalfa field on their farm was covered Sharlot Hall Museum, Prescott smaller one was built to capture the runoff that was diverted and used from with sand and drift. the Walnut Grove dam. The river in the vicinity where High- 1888 A DAM was completed In the winter of 1889-90 an unusu- way 80 now crosses it was more than across the Hassayampa River 60 ally heavy amount of snow fell in the a mile wide. It continued to spread miles upstream from Wickenburg Bradshaw mountains on the head- out and when it emptied into the Gila at a place called Walnut Grove. Two waters of the Hassayampa. This was it was two miles wide. years later this dam, constructed and followed by a warm rain in the latter At that time the G. A. Roberts fam- owned by the Walnut Grove Water part of February, 1890. Almost im- ily lived in a house on their homestead Storage Company, H. S. VanBuren of mediately the winter's accumulation of just east of the Hassayampa-Gila junc- New York, president, was to play the snow was turning into living water and tion. Hearing the distant roar, the leading role in the greatest disaster in every arroyo, swale and canyon be- Roberts boys, John and Oscar, started Arizona's history. came a mad, rushing stream. With to the field to catch the horses, but the The need for water to mine hy- these streams dumping their accumula- thunder of the flood frightened the draulically the placer mines in the Wal- tion of water into the Hassayampa, it beasts away. The family reached high nut Grove area prompted the construc- was only a short time before the big ground north of their home just min- tion of the dam. Dam water was also lake back of the dam was at capacity. utes before the flood crest hit. The used to irrigate approximately 500 It soon became apparent that the peak of the flood passed in a few acres of land below the dam. Wooden spillway was far too small to handle minutes, pouring its rushing waters flumes were built to carry the water the runoff. To make matters worse, into the already swollen Gila which was stored by the dam downstream to the it became clogged with trees and other itself in flood at the time. A few hours placers. Because the country had con- debris despite tremendous efforts to later the Hassayampa was back in its siderable fall, water pressure developed keep it clear. In a matter of hours channel. quickly in the flumes. water began running over the top of Members of the Dr. J. P. Evans The Walnut Grove Water Storage the dam. family were at home on their farm on Company's dam was built between two At 2 a.m. Saturday morning, Febru- the north side of what is now Highway sloping granite cliffs. It was 110 feet ary 22, 1890, the dam gave way with 80, about a half mile east of the Has- high, 400 feet across on top and 130 a mighty roar and a 100-foot-high wall sayampa channel. They were not as feet across at its solid rock bed base. of water went roaring down the can- fortunate as the Roberts family and It was constructed of loose rock and yon. the flood caught them before they could dirt encased with rock laid in mortar. It took only half an hour for the reach high ground. The men had to At high water it backed up the Hassay- water to reach the smaller dam 20 carry the women to high ground ampa to form a two-mile lake. To miles downstream. through waist deep water for almost

Rare 65-year-old photograph shows the Hassayampa This companion photograph was taken shortly after the Dam as it appeared during its brief life. View is down- dam was washed out by the swollen stream. View is stream. upstream.

NOVEMBER, 1955 11 A safe belonging to him and containing $5000 was swept down the river and buried under the sand. As far as it is known the safe is still out there some- where. ; Someday the dam will probably be rebuilt in order to conserve the water for irrigation—but it will be built of solid concrete with gates and spillways large enough to take care of any pos- sible overflow. History has given a lesson too costly to ignore.

SOUTHWEST CONCERNED OVER NAVAJO DRINKING PROBLEM The Navajo Indian drinking problem has been receiving increased public attention since the Indians were given Survivors of the Walnut Grove disaster. Photo taken a few clays after the free access to liquor. Many people dam broke. support the Gallup, New Mexico, Po- lice Department's contention that the a quarter of a mile. Many other Buck- the Camp, Bob Browl, lost $4000 end of Indian prohibition is turning eye residents were caught without worth of stock. out ignobly. Others feel that there is warning for there were no telephone "Deputy city treasurer Fleshman re- less drinking now than during prohibi- lines or radios to warn them of the turned from the Hassayampa River tion, but that the drinking is now out approaching water. The consequences disaster about ten o'clock last night in the open. were tragic, for 83 bodies were re- (Feb. 27). Everyone in the party was covered along the river's path. Many haggard, stiff and exhausted from the Most all observers agree, however, others were lost. The exact number journey. They witnessed many pitiful that the situation will straighten itself killed in the flood has never been as- sights. Tuesday morning the party had out in a few years—that the present certained. reached Smith Mills where they found rash of public drunkenness is merely the logical outcome of the sudden lift- The one man who could have Ed. Scarborough and team safe and sound. Proceeding to Seymore, old ing of the drinking ban. warned the residents downstream got Hundreds of Navajos crowded Gal- only as far as Boulder Pat's Saloon, moiher Conger was found, naked and starving. Her store and every earthly lup bars during the recent Indian halfway between the two dams. When Tribal Ceremonials. Two police wag- it became apparent that the dam might possession has been swept away, in- cluding $1500 in gold coin that was ons were kept on the run all during give way, this man whose name is not the festival, carrying away inebriated of record was dispatched on horseback hid between the cloth ceiling and the shingles. They say the Hassayampa is Indians. One police officer declared to warn the people. He started three that more drunks were arrested in one days before the dam broke. At Boul- swept clean from the upper dam to its mouth. Its canyon walls are ground night in Gallup than in the city of der Pat's he stopped for a drink and Chicago. told the patrons there his news. They smooth. Debris of all kinds, animals, laughed at his information so, accord- provisions, buildings and trees are No one, it appears, has a complete ing to reports, he stayed on and got scattered everywhere. For the first picture of what is taking place as a drunk. two miles the water wall must have nation of some 75,000 people finds been 100 feet high. Thirty bodies were itself suddenly able to buy beer, wine The next morning he was seen rid- seen by the party including seven ing into the swollen river and disap- and whisky like anyone else. The Nav- Chinamen and "Chinese Mary," a well ajos themselves still prohibit the bring- peared. According to reports he was known denizen of the Capital. Our never heard from again. ing of alcohol onto their reservation, Phoenix delegation met parties from however. The greatest known loss to one fam- Prescott, Congress and other localities, U. S. Commissioner Glenn L. Em- ily was suffered by the L. D. Haines all united in the sad work of identify- mons declared that "the Indians are family. The parents and four of their ing the dead. In one grave six miles still learning how to handle alcohol. six children were killed. The two other from Wickenburg, 18 victims sleep Sometimes, in cases such as this, the members of the family were working peacefully awaiting God's Judgment situation gets worse before it gets bet- in Phoenix at the time and it was from Day." ter." one of these survivors that I have sup- plemented my information on this dis- For many years after the flood bones The Navajo language newspaper aster. of lost victims were found in the sand Adahooniligii reports that the Navajo along the Hassayampa. As late as 25 Agency and the Navajo Tribal Coun- For two weeks after the dam broke years after the disaster a skeleton was cil have protested a proposed move the Arizona papers were full of the accounts of suffering and death. found that was believed to have been of a Gallup bar closer to the reserva- that of John Silsbee, pioneer musician. tion. The bar has obtained permission The old Phoenix Daily Herald told The property destruction was not for the move from the McKinley the following stories: great outside of the dam itself and County board of commissioners pend- "E. G. Wheeler, who at one time the construction camps, for the river ing its legality. Navaio leaders fear was connected with the Post Office traverses desert country all the way that there are not enough law enforce- Book store in this city was at lower down to its mouth. A heavy looser ment officers on the reservation to dam on the Hassayampa and has not was Bob Browl, a merchant in the handle disturbances that might occur even been heard of. The merchant at canyon a short distance from the dam. at the bar.

12 DESERT MAGAZINE HOME ON THE DESERT A recent plane flight to the East served two purposes for Euth Reynolds. Once off the ground shs was able to reflect back on her garden in an objective manner— and her travels brcuoht her to New York and Brooklyn where a graenhouse agave made the head- the lines. beautiful lemon-yellow blossoms, and By RUTH REYNOLDS whipping its fragile branches almost each summer its fruit would have filled to the breaking point, gave us some a bushel basket. They were a luscious bad moments. orange-red and almost as large as hens' Y HOME on the desert never eggs. Once I tried making jam of a looked better to me than at Once after a particularly strong wind few of them, proceeding as with other the moment I took off by left it leaning to one side we worked fruits or berries. !t had an ambrosial plane for a day-long flight eastward for hours anchoring it with a guy wire. flavor but a slightly scratchy, cactus a few weeks ago. Except to my inner My husband drove a strong metal pipe feel to the tongue. Nowadays 1 often eye, of course, my house was not visi- deep into the ground and I ran a see cactus jam on the grocer's shelves. ble from the Tucson Municipal Air- clothesline wire through a short length It looks much like mine and is prob- port, nor even from the sky above it. of old garden hose and we fastened ably made from the fruit of the same I could see the mountains though, en- the tree to the stake, with the hose kind of cactus. compassing the valley, and on the north protecting the tree trunk from injury Our plant gradually reverted to its the familiar Santa Catalinas. But as by the wire. the airliner rose into the sky these ancsstral nature—became spined—as landmarks drew away and changed I have since learned that one should we discovered when its growth brought shape so strangely that I hardly recog- keep young trees straight by using two it to the edge of the badminton court nized them as my mountains that were or three guy wires, or by binding them and a guest player fell against it. always there, towering on my horizon to a stake with this garden hose device Now it is gone, and I miss it. It and visible from several windows of in two or three places. But with our was so typically desert, and there is so my house which, as I now perceived tree already decidedly leaning, the one little left on the premises that is native it, appeared to be one of the world's wire was enough to pull it back so that desert growth. finest—with 19 windows, including a its trunk grew straight, and in time, Speaking of desert growth, my recent large picture window in the living tall. Its branches, pruned back in win- travels led me eventually to New York room. ter, were dense in summer and its City where I spent an afternoon in a foliage thick — and we had a shade sort of busman's holiday, tramping As a matter of fact, it is a fairly, or tree. —if I must admit it—a very ordinary over a few of the Brooklyn Botanic What a joy it was in its day! But Garden's 50 acres and ending up in house, with about 10 too many win- its day passed. The neighborhood dows to wash. the cactus greenhouse. eventually built up with houses on lots There James J. Franklin, assistant So, detached as I seemed to be from adjoining ours. Our neighbors planted director of the Garden, pointed out time and space, I continued to look trees and shrubs near by. We planted some of their more unusual specimens, homeward, seeing things in a timeless, a loquat tree a short distance from it, among which was a saguaro—almost spaceless perspective. bricked a raised terrace around the 9 feet tall—which had come to them I saw, among other things, a tama- tamarisk and planted flower beds on by way of the New York World's Fair risk tree that was no longer there. We'd two sides of the terrace—20 feet away whee it had been exhibited in 1939. from the tamarisk. But soon its roots, gotten rid of it. To part with it was The most sensational plant ever tunnelling toward the flower beds, not easy, but how easily we had grown in the greenhouse, according raised the bricks until the terrace had planted it—just by putting a stick into to Mr. Franklin, was a Mexican agave a hills-and-hollows contour. the ground and watering it. — lately deceased — which, after the Were we foolish to plant it when we With its branches too high and its manner of century plants, suddenly in did? I wonder. We didn't think so at top too heavy, our tree had to go— its 30vh year grew a 15-foot stalk, the time. A tree—any tree—was price- before the wind blew it over on our bloomed and died. less when the open desert stretched neighbor's hourse or ours, taking, per- Jn the desert this would scarcely be away for blocks on either side of us haps, electric and telephone wires with sensational, but in New York it created as it did then. it. quite a stir. At the Garden its rapid This tree was a priceless little thing A similar fate befell a cactus we growing was regarded with amazement the day we first discovered buds break- planted a long time ago. It was a and when it reached the roof of the ing through the bark of our "stick in domesticated Burbank spineless "pan- g-eenhouse, a pane of glass was re- the ground." How excited the children cake" type. One leaf, set out practi- moved and the agave hurried through were! "It's going to grow!" They cally on top of the ground, produced, the opening to bloom in the July sun. shouted and clapped their hands. They within a few years, a plant of enor- Accounts of the event and pictures inspected it each day that summer— mous size, mowing 15 feet high and of the protruding blooms appeared in checked the growth of foliage as it ap- about as wide. the New York newspapers. It seems peared in feathery green tufts. How many Eastern relatives of ours that when "a cactus blooms in Brook- Almost before we knew it our tam- posed beside that cactus for snapshots lyn" it's news—even if the cactus is an arisk stick became a tree — not too to imDress the folks back home! agave—member of the Amaryllis fam- strong a tree at first, and the wind, Each spring it was covered with ily and not a true cactus at all.

NOVEMBER, 1955 13 General view of the Papago family's camp near the giant saguaro forest. Mother Ventura, in foreground, tends to the jam making while her daughter Rosaria, kneeling, separates the seed from the saguaro fruit pulp. Another daughter, Vir- ginia, walks into camp with her basket full of fruit and the long kuibit used for knocking the fruit to the ground. The men spend their time hunting game and gathering wood.

S IF FLAUNTING the mid- summer heat of the Southern Arizona desert, the largest of Saguaro Harvest in all cacti, the giant saguaro, brings its rich red fruit to maturity while the sun blazes above. the Land of Papagos And at the time of year when most of us, in spite of our loyalty to the desert, wish we could take off for the mountains and a cool fishing stream, When June comes, the Papago Indians of southern Arizona move the Papago Indians prepare to go fur- to camps in the saguaro forest for their annual harvest. For the fruit ther into the desert. Their New Year of the giant cactus is one of their main sources of food and drink. It begins with the first ripening of the yields syrup, jam, dried fruit, ceremonial wine—and any residue goes saguaro cactus fruit in June; their most to the chickens. The harvest is a traditional occupation that almost sacred ritual, the rain-making cere- amounts to a ritual. mony, takes place after the harvest in late summer. By CHARLES W. HERBERT All adult members of the family go Photographs by the author to the cactus forests where they gather 14 DESERT MAGAZINE the ripe fruit and convert it into their ductivity and are a cheerful, contented about every purpose of housekeeping year's supply of syrup, jam and cere- people, living under extremely primi- —from containers to strainers. monial wine for the rain-making ritual. tive conditions. At Sells, the superintendent of the I had heard of this age-old custom On the way to Sells I passed several reservation had arranged with Tommy many times, but during my first 10 typical Papago hamlets. Each is lo- Segundo to accompany me as guide and interpreter. Tommy is a leading years on the desert I always put off cated where a certain amount of irri- visiting a saguaro harvesting. I knew Papago and speaks excellent English. gation is possible, and their inhabi- We started at daybreak for the trip it would be tough, going into 110 de- tants raise a few livestock and some gree heat without protection. into the desert where the saguaro fruit garden produce. A typical dwelling is camps were located. Finally 1 gave in. I had to see for a one-room hut of saguaro or ocotillo Our destination was Santa Rosa, myself. 1 got in touch with the authori- ribs plastered with mud. Roughly 16- northwest from Sells. This tiny com- ties at the Papago Indian reservation feet wide and 20 feet long, the huts munity is the largest summer rancheria at Sells, 60 miles west of Tucson, and are windowless. of the Papago and lies at the base of was invited to visit the Indians at Each house had a ramada made of the Santa Rosa Mountains, about 40 their summer fruit-harvesting camps. four upright posts roofed with brush miles from Sells. We knew we were The Papago Indian reservation of and earth. Under this shelter are found seeing our last store, so we stocked up 2,500,000 acres is typical Arizona the fireplace, grinding stones, ollas and on watermelons, soft drinks and plenty desert, covered with cactus, mesquite, baskets that make up the Papago's of water. ironwood and palo verde. The word housekeeping equipment. They are An hour and a half of slow Papago is derived from papah, or bean, expert basketmakers, weaving willow going over rough country brought us and the Papagos are known as the baskets that are tight and waterproof. to a dense saguaro forest. Soon after "bean people." They are traditionally Their traditional basket pattern is a entering the forest we saw two women agricultural and closely related to the large tray or bowl, creamy white in gathering saguaro fruit. Pirna Indians. color with a woven black design. The They knew Tommy. He introduced The Apaches, Yaquis and the whites black dye is one of the few true blacks me and explained that 1 wanted to forced them from the more fertile found in Nature and is made from take pictures and not to interfere with valleys into the desert. They have devil's claw pods. Papago baskets of their work. After a fairly complicated adapted themselves to its meager pro- various kinds are made to serve just discussion, they agreed. Rosaria knocks down the fruit with her kuibit while Virginia gathers it from the ground, brushing off the sand and removing hulls.

NOVEMBER, 1955 15 guaro harvest is governed by long- established tradition. It is almost a ritual. I suspect that the two women declined the offer of a ride back to camp because it was not in accordance with their tradition. Each picked up a basket of fruit, balanced it on her head, and carrying her kuibit in the other hand, walked toward the camp. The camp was on a little ridge and there were several mesquite and palo verde trees nearby. A ramada of sa- guaro skeleton ribs provided the only shade, except for a piece of canvas draped over the household equipment piled together under one of the trees. Under the ramada were their sougans, or bedrolls, and other personal be- longings of the family. A horse and wagon were in camp as were the men. Tommy introduced us. They were polite but even more reserved than the women. They spend very little time in camp while the women harvest the fruit, coming in only for meals and to sleep. They spend their days hunting and for this camp-out they are responsible for pro- viding mesquite and palo verde wood for the fires. Keeping a supply of wood for the cooking and jam-making is a real chore because the fires are kept up from breakfast to nightfall. When we Papago women deftly knock the ripe fruit to the ground with their kuibits reached camp, Amelia Ventura, mother without harming green fruit which is left on plant to ripen. of Virginia and Rosaria, had everything in readiness. The outdoor kitchen The older of the two women was would ripen later. Sometimes she where the jam was made was set up. Virginia Hillman. Her husband, John, pushed the ripe fruit, using whatever Virginia and Rosaria arrived soon is a Santa Rosa councilman, and they method was best to dislodge it with- after we did. Since this was their third live in Santa Rosa village. With her out harming it green neighbors. trip of the day and it was now almost was her sister, Rosaria Ventura, also noon, it was time for lunch which She told me she tried to find only would be followed by a long siesta. from Santa Rosa. Like most Papago pods that had already burst open, al- women they were reserved but friendly. They courteously invited Tommy and though this was not always possible. me to share their potful of typical They rarely smiled and were intent on If the fruit was ripe but the pod had getting their job done. Papago rabbit stew and their strong not opened, she removed the whole black coffee. They refused to share They made a good team. Rosaria pod. The ripe fruit is a beautiful our sandwiches, but were pleased when pulled or knocked the fruit down and scarlet color. Inside it there is a pulpy we offered them watermelon. Virginia collected it in a basket. mass of heavy, dark brownish red, in Rosaria's tool was a long stick with which seeds are so thickly embedded After lunch the fruit gathered dur- a cross-piece. She told me it was that removing them becomes a chore ing the morning was checked carefully called a kuibit, and that she made it for only the pulp is useful for making to see that all the dust was shaken off jam. and all stray spines removed. Occa- from splicing together saguaro skele- sionally one of the women would pick ton ribs using two or three as needed As the fruit was dislodged Virginia out a choice bit of fruit and eat it. The for the proper length. The kuibits carefully picked it up. If only the rich fresh fruit is delicious, and so sweet vary from 15 to 30 feet in length de- soft center had fallen she shook it to that no sugar is needed to make jam. pending on the height of the cactus free it from sand. If the hard outer When water is added to the fresh fruit they are used on. The crosspiece, she hull remained she split the hull length- the result is a sweet drink with a taste said, is called a matsuguen. It is se- wise and then scraped the pulp into so distinctive that I cannot think of curely fastened to the end of the kuibit her basket. anything to compare it to. and is used as a hook to pry the fruit Virginia and Rosaria each had a loose. Mrs. Ventura, as the matriarch of basket. When both baskets were full the family, was in charge of the jam At the tips of the trunk and arms — which took about two hours, for making. To start it she mixed three of the saguaro the waxy white saguaro each basket held about 15 to 20 parts of fruit to two parts water in the blossom appears each spring like a pounds of ripe fruit—they were ready olla over the fire. She boiled this 15 halo. As the bloom disappears the to return to camp. to 20 minutes and then started dipping oval-shaped fruit develops Tommy invited them to ride to it out and pouring it into a loosely Rosaria was only knocking off thor- camp with us, but they declined, woven basket over another olla. The oughly ripe fruit, and patiently she and then gave us careful directions for basket served as a strainer permitting avoided damaging green fruit that reaching it. Every detail of the sa- only the juice to get through. This

16 DESERT MAGAZINE Utensils used in processing the fruit—all earthen pots Mother Ventura fills the earthen ollas with saguaro and baskets made by the Indian women. juice—to be used later as ceremonial wine.

juice was put back into the boiling dried fruit, made into jam or ceremon- sweets are an important part of the olla and cooked slowly for four or five ial wine. family's diet, especially during the hours. It gradually thickens and makes To make jam Mrs. Ventura mixed bleak winter months when there is a delicious syrup. Mrs. Ventura was the dried pulp with a little water and little else except the results of the able to make about one gallon of syrup cooked it for about 30 minutes, stirring men's hunting. a day. it constantly to make sure the pulp Some of the syrup is used to make softened. The pulp swells and forms the ceremonial wine for the rain mak- While the syrup was bubbling, Mrs. a soft gelatin-like mass which is dipped ing ritual after the cactus fruit harvest. Ventura arranged the pulp separated out and placed in another pot where In spite of the heat, I was so fascinated from the juice, on clean pieces of can- it is vigorously beaten with a stick for by the jam-making and fruit harvest- vas spread out on the ground. The over half an hour. It is then ready for ing that I was reluctant to leave. But pulp and seed mixture dries for a day final cooking. Tommy and I loaded everything into and then is carefully worked by hand Virginia, meantime, cleaned out the the car and were ready to start back to remove most of the seed. All the boiling olla, removing the sand and to Sells and Tucson when the motor women work at this job. They have gravel that had settled at the bottom decided not to run. I tried everything, no benches and tables, but kneel on during the first cooking. Her mother but it would not start. the ground and with great patience poured some of the morning's syrup Without being asked, Mrs. Ventura, and care rub the dried pulp, finally into the pot with some of the pulp. As her two daughters, her husband and working most of the seeds out. The the few remaining seed rose to the her son-in-law walked over and put seed is then roasted and ground up top they were dipped off. Every drop their shoulders to the car. With a into a powder. Mixed with sugar it of juice from the sweet pulp is saved. heave they got us started. is a favorite Papago sweet. Seeds are Even the rinse water from the olla in As they pushed us all of them were also used as chickenfeed, Mrs. Ven- which the pulp is beaten is used for laughing loudly and it seemed to me tura told me. thinning down the mixture as it boils. they enjoyed giving us a shove more Mrs. Ventura was a strong-faced After a long, slow boiling, the mixture than they had enjoyed anything all woman, severely featured and reserved. reaches a thick jam consistency. day. As we slowly drove off they She volunteered no conversation, nor Mrs. Ventura explained that if a waved. did her daughters, as they worked family has two women to gather fruit Mr. Ventura yelled something as steadily at the hard, tedious job of and another to keep the fires and we disappeared. making jam. But each of them readily jam-making going, the family can, "What did he say?" I asked Tommy. answered my questions put to them in during a week in camp, produce eight Tommy, too, was laughing. Papago by Tommy. gallons of syrup, two gallons of jam, "He said," Tommy managed to tell The pulp, after most of the seeds and a potato sack full of dried fruit me, "that you should be a Papago. are removed, is allowed to dry for an- and roasted seed. This will last the Then you'd have enough sense to own other day. It can then be stored as family for several months. The rich a horse."

NOVEMBER, 1955 17 What better way to celebrate a birthday in a family of rockhounds than a trip to the interesting Che- Rock Trails in mehuevi Wash area? That's ex- actly what the Weight family did —and they were well rewarded. Chemehuevi Land They mixed the rocks they found with a bit of history, some beauti- ful desert scenery, pleasurable botanical observations and then to top it all off enjoyed a snack on /^ORMALLY GEORGE is an signs! But I couldn't find where these the shores of a man-made lake. fg, even tempered man, but he lit- sparkle and click boys had done the erally sputtered when he visited discovery work to validate a single us after a rock hunt recently. claim — even if there was uranium By HAROLD O. WEIGHT Photographs by the author "Why, we've collected there for 10 there. And I'll bet the only clicking years!" he said. "Rockhounds have those characters heard was in their own Map by Norton Allen dug and made roads enough to patent skulls!" a dozen claims. This time we find the Lucile and I sympathized. Uranium it quite possibly will result in some whole country plastered with new lo- fever, an epidemic in the Southwest, valuable discoveries. But it has at- cation notices and Private Property is a fine, healthy outdoor hobby and tracted some "prospectors" who are looking for easy money rather than uranium, and they seem determined to Viola Weight made the biggest discovery of the trip—an entire cliff of stake out all of the once wide open cutting grade rock. spaces the Armed Services haven't grabbed. They move in wherever a possible uranium strike is publicized and locate the surrounding desert for a hundred square miles, with or with- out radioactive indications. I some- times suspect they work in teams, with the head man carrying a piece of radio- active ore, the next one keeping close enough to get readings from it, and the others setting out stakes. Some hunters seem not to have learned even the rudiments of the pros- pecting trade. Near Ogilby, California, Lucile and I found a small range of hills taken over by the simple process of posting dozens of Private Property signs, with no evidence of discovery work in sight. At Twentynine Palms, California, only with the family shot- gun could a woman persuade uranium hunters to cease digging up and taking over land which she owned and on which she was living. Tn the southern Chocolate Mountains rival locators— who should have determined the status of the land in the first place—resorted to firearms and lawyers before they discovered their conflicting claims were on school land, not subject to location. All mining booms have seen the get- rich-quickers. Old time mining men called them "paperhangers" from their habit of hanging location notices on everything in sight. The bitter amuse- ment with which they were resided is shown by the location notice d-'ting back to Nevada boom days which Ray (Gumshoe Kid) Thaler" told me of finding in the Rawhide district. Tt read: "I claim 10 feet east and 10 feet west. Diamondfield Jack claims all the rest." The present "paperhanging" spree is the wildest in history because Uncle Sam will pay extravagantly for ore which normally could not be mined

18 DESERT MAGAZINE OPALITE JASP-AGA' SMALL 6E0DES (SOUTH OF HILLS)

WH1PPLE

: • :

The low, colorful volcanic hills in the Chemehuevi basin, once buried under the clays and marls of an ancient lake, are now a collecting field for rockhounds. commercially; because lucky uranium by H. W. Turner in 1904. But with canic rocks form bold ledges and cliffs finders have been given enormous pub- our entry in the war, and a rush of of a pockety nature. And a common licity; because jeeps and radiation de- new prospectors to the desert, the feature of them is "a considerable tectors have permitted thousands of USGS received reports of vast and rich amount of opalescent silica, or chal- inexperienced persons to become week- deposits there. Twenty thousand acres cedony." end prospectors; and because even ex- running as high as 15 percent sodium Lucile and I hadn't read Noble's perts sometimes misread their counters nitrate—one solid bed of hundreds of mention of chalcedony when we first and scintillators. acres with nearly five percent average passed those hills on the way to the But we rockhounds can take com- calcium nitrate! Havasu boat landing, but we had a fort in the fact that in the other excite- L. F. Noble, today noted for his strong feeling there should be rock- ments when huge areas were "located" studies of Death Valley geology, in- hound rocks among them. Sometimes with equal disregard of mining laws vestigated the reports for the Gelogical such a hunch pays off and sometimes or realities, time has separated worth- Survey in a one week survey in August, it doesn't, but we had no time to in- while claims from the worthless. Thou- 1918. He made more than 100 pre- vestigate on that trip. sands of acres frantically filed on, liminary tests. Pits were dug for addi- In fact, our exploration of the hills either through ignorance or hope of tional tests on 37 of these sites. He in Chemehuevi Wash took place only speculative gain, have slipped quietly found only about 1300 acres in all that last year. We remembered them when back into the public domain. gave any promise of nitrates, and no seeking a one-day excursion from I saw ghostly reminders of such a sample from them gave more than Needles where my mother and my forgotten excitement while rock hunt- three percent. Since the government sister. Viola, live. The hills are only ing in the low volcanic hills in Cheme- was not giving total subsidies then, the 35 miles south of Needles and all but huevi Wash south of the paved High- nitrate boom in Chemehuevi Wash was the last mile of the road is paved. way 95-Lake Havasu road, in the east- over. Paving of the lake branch was com- ern Mojave Desert. These hills are But Noble's geological findings are pleted in 1952, due in no small part spotted with monuments, some new of interest to present rockhounds. The to vigorous efforts of the late Sylvan but most dating back to World War I hills, he wrote, cover about three E. Williams, editor of the Needles days. Nitrate was a magic mineral for square miles and rise several hundred Desert Star, who insisted the lake the get-rich-quickers then. Nitrates feet above the general level of the should be made more pccessible to were essential for explosives and fer- alluvial deposits of the Chemehuevi the many fishermen who visit it, and tilizers and we obtained our supply b;>sin. They are composed mostly of to vacationists. from Chile, a long haul in ships needed volcanic rocks of Tertiary age—rhyo- A striking feature of the upper Che- for other purposes. So the Geological lite, breccia and tuff—though there is mehuevi basin, where the Havasu road Survey urged nitrate prospecting. some quartzite and gneiss, much older branches from Highway 95, 7.\Vi miles Nitrate was known to occur in Che- than the Tertiary. At some places south of Needles, is a beautiful and mehuevi Wash, in and near the vol- along the base of the hills, strata of healthy stand of ocotillo. David G. canic hills. It had been investigated the lake-bed series—white chalky and Thompson in The Mohave Desert Re- and declared of no commercial value greenish shale — crop out. The vol- gion, published by the U. S. Geological

NOVEMBER, 1955 19 Survey in 1929, reported this as the cover, these colorful volcanic hills we man. But it seems to me some recog- only locality in the Mojave Desert were approaching do not have a map nition of their connection with Cheme- where ocotillo had been observed. I name, nor have I heard of one for huevi Valley would not be amiss. believe there are a few plants farther them. I am going to suggest that they Our road led down a flat dark tongue north, but no such extensive group as be called Weaver Hills. Few people of land and we came to the edge of a this. Ocotillo is more at home in the seem to know of Pauline—or Powell little wash less than a mile from the Colorado and southern Arizona des- —Weaver's intimate acquaintance with Havasu paving. I hiked across and erts. But, as Thompson also notes, Chemehuevi Valley. Too few people, on a slope of the hills beyond almost Chemehuevi Wash and Valley mark in fact, know anything about Weaver immediately found scattered pieces of the northern limits in California for although as guide to the Mormon Bat- the palo verde, another southerner. talion and other early government ex- a sort of jasp-agate and of jasper. Some And Ed Rochester once told us he had peditions, trapper, friend of the Indians, was banded, some patterned and some seen ironwoods—those lovers of frost mediator between them and the whites, with moss. Most of it was red to brown free climates of the lower deserts— and first American resident of San in color, but there was some black there. Gorgonio Pass, he played an important and white and a few green specimens. At 10.1 miles from Highway 95, the part in Southern California history. A day of hiking over the rugged Havasu road passes under a big power- Weaver spent what were probably buttes and mountains and through the line, and we could see that the line's the happiest days of his life living with sandy washes, lined with palo verdes maintenance road apparently headed the Indians in Chemehuevi Valley. He and a scattering of mesquites and right into the low volcanic hills to the married a Chemehuevi woman—the smoke trees, uncovered quite a variety southeast. Other prospecting and daughter of a chief according to his of cutting rocks—and a number of de- rockhound-type auto trails branched biographer, Sharlot Hall. His only lightful campsites. The rocks were south from the lake road, and we took son, Ben, was born of that marriage. widely scattered. The biggest discov- one at 12.4 miles which showed evi- Pauline moved on, in time, to his place ery was made by Viola who found a dence of having once been bladed. in history, and Ben was killed by In- whole cliff of translucent reddish and So far as I have been able to dis- dians in Arizona while still a young white patterned rock, possibly a brec- cia, the whole of it of polishing quality which would make colorful bookends To SEARCHLIGHT ToKINGMAN or other large pieces. Our principal trouble came in breaking large pieces off. In an area of volcanic ash at the •Yucca southern edge of one canyon we found a quantity of plates and nodules of banded and patterned opalite in whites ^Needles and browns and pinks and yellows, some of good cutting grade. Our collecting sacks were full when we headed back for Needles, but we enjoyed ourselves so much that we made a return trip early this year to celebrate Mother's 76th birthday. A rockhunt seemed ideal for the occa- sion, since Mother was a rockhound even before I was, and still has the fever. This time we followed the powerline Lake' south to the edge of the main Cheme- Havasu ,;f,&?^ huevi Wash where a sign warned: "En- ter At Your Own Risk." The wash here violates normal erosional regulations by cutting its way directly through the hard rock of the volcanic hills rather than seeking an easier route around them. Noble believes the stream must have established its course while the hills were still buried in the lakebed deposits, then continued to cut its way down as the hills became exposed. We wanted to see what the south side of the main hills had to offer so we headed back up the first wash draining that section. This side wash was floored with clean sand and gravel, but palo verdes soon made travel up it impossible, even with four-wheel- To DESERT CE drive. We got out and walked. Farther up, large mesquites showed evidence that they had sheltered generations of desert travelers. Under one Lucile found a few ancient potsherds and To U.S. 60 6 70 rock chips.

20 DESERT MAGAZINE The same types of material were scattered through these hills and over the mesitas as they were on the north- ern side, but in lesser quantity. Lucile also found some chalcedony roses. And in a light whitish and pinkish area against the hills, evidently what Noble had tentatively identified as either a fine-grained silicified rhyolitic ash or altered rhyolite, I discovered a scatter- ing of small crudely shaped coarse- matrixed geodes. In the centers of the better ones were slender, beautiful quartz crystals up to an inch in length. We decided, before turning back, to explore the big wash at least to within sight of Lake Havasu. It proved to be a regular nursery for thousands of healthy young smoke trees. There were big ones, too, and mesquites decked with mistletoe, and magnificent palo verdes. There were so many trees it was necessary to search the wash in many places for passageway through them. In one spot, a pocket among the volcanic cliffs on the north side of the canyon, we found, two palo verdes in golden bloom although it was only February 1. Apparently their loca- Small geodes, some with slender quartz crystals an inch in length, are found tion afforded them both direct and in this beautiful shallow wash at the southeastern edge of the hills near reflected light and heat. The beaver Chemehuevi Wash. tail cacti were in bloom all over the hills when we had made our earlier through a section of the familiar Colo- homes and establishments. We veered trip, the March before. rado River pebbles which furnish in- right over a little rise and down a Through the hills and within sight teresting and varied collecting for steep pitch into a public campground of the lake the sand became so soft rockhounds. and beach. There were a number of and deep we foresaw slow going even The road divided where the pave- individual campsites each provided in four-wheel-drive so we turned back. ment ended and nearby was a sign with a concrete table and benches, and It was nearly dusk when we reached informing us that we were at the edge a fireplace, and furnished a little pri- the paved Lake Havasu road again. of the Colorado River Indian Reserva- vacy by tamarisk, arrowweed and cre- We turned toward the lake and a tion which is also a wildlife refuge. osote bushes. Most of their occupants, short distance above it we passed Uplake the road led past many private obviously, were fishermen.

Lunch at the public campground beside the blue water of Lake Havasu. The ancient villages of the Chemehuevi lie under the water of this lake, which stores part of Los A ngeles' drinking water.

il liu

NOVEMBER, 1955 21 into a grin as I weighed the different piles in succession in my hand, and gravely estimated their contents; and when, the apportionment being over, I directed two of my men to bag the corn and beans, and cooly walked away, the delight of the bystanders, at the summary method of completing the bargain, reached its climax and they fairly screamed with laughter. A few of the traders seemed not to under- stand why they should have had so little to say in the matter, but having been really well recompensed, accord- ing to their idea of things, the tariff of prices was well established, and this morning, when fresh supplies were brought, they received the same rate of payment without question or de- mur." The same procedure Ives set for dealing with the Chemehuevi was fol- lowed, in effect, when Los Angeles decided to store its drinking water in their valley. The Chemehuevi were given what was considered a fair price, and their immemorial homeland was flooded. And so today automobiles drive on paved roads to the very edge of the lake and campers light gasoline stoves to warm canned and packaged pre- cooked foods to be eaten at neat con- crete tables. And as we looked across the deepening blue of the lake a white launch, glittering in the low sun, raced among the resting waterfowl. They rose swiftly and noisily into the air. The launch passed on. The ripples died away and vanished. The smooth surface of the white man's water tank stretched, featureless, to the silent des- ert hills. Even so the way of life the Harold Weight's mother, a long-time rockhound, celebrated her 76th Colorado River Indians once enjoyed birthday with a collecting trip to Chemehuevi Wash. here has vanished as if it never had been. We picked an empty table at the The first American expeditions But go back up a few miles from edge of the lake and had coffee and found the Chemehuevi here, growing Lake Havasu into the quiet palo verde an evening lunch. The cool breeze, corn, beans, squash and melons in their shaded washes of the Weaver Hills and lifting off the broad waters backed up little overflow gardens at the edge of you still can find the traces of their by Parker Dam, made the coffee com- the river. Lt. Ives, exploring the river hunting trails and camps and weapon forting, indeed. But we could not in his clumsy steamer in 1858, reported making. And these traces look no escape from a sense of unreality. Min- trading with them: older than the monuments and pros- utes before we had been collecting pect holes of the brief but fevered rocks in dry and barren desert. Here "Last evening about two dozen nitrate rush of 40 years ago. brought baskets and earthen bowls of wildfowl rested on the wide blue waters The greenish clay banks and hills and gulls floated lazily above. corn and beans. I saw they had come remind us that Havasu is not the first Out there beneath the quiet waters prepared for a long haggling, and I lake in Chemehuevi basin. A vastly of the great bay lay what once was the made them place their burdens in a greater lake than the one Los Angeles heart of the Chemehuevi nation when row on some boards that were laid has gathered, came and went ages be- Garces walked this way in 1776. out for the purpose; asking each in fore man walked the earth. Perhaps "They came down to me with the turn whether he preferred beads or some of the peace we find among des- speed of deer," he wrote, "and regaled manta, I placed what I thought a fair ert hills comes from the knowledge me with very good mezcal. The garb amount of the desired article opposite they have existed long enough and will of these Indians is Apache moccasins, the proper heap of provisions. exist long enough so that against their shirt of antelope skin, white headdress "The whole tribe had crowded time scale we can place such things like a cap with a bunch of those very around to look on, and their amuse- as uranium rushes and bomb threats curious feathers which certain birds ment, during this performance, was —and even mankind itself—in proper of this country have in their crest." extreme. Every sharp face expanded perspective. 22 DESERT MAGAZINE LIFE ON THE DESERT Rare Bird of the Santa Ritas

By DOROTHY W. ALLEN regularly nested. At the end of the Trogon Ambiguus Ambiguus day they left the country without see- is one of the rarest of all South- ing the Trogon. 1951 through 1952 my western birds. Few persons On Thursday my school teacher husband was in charge of sink- have seen this brightly colored friends came out from Nogales bring- ing a large prospect shaft at the desert mountain recluse. Some ing with them another visitor, a red- old Compadre mine in Josephine Can- say the Trogon looks like a headed girl from Idaho, also a teacher. yon in the Santa Rita Mountains south parrot—others tell you to look She prospected during her vacations of Tucson, Arizona. for a "painted road runner," and is a Nature lover. She easily be- Water was flowing in Josephine but all agree that its call is akin came enthusiastic over Trogon watch- Canyon Creek that year. Our camping to a turkey's. Dorothy W. Allen ing. I took her to an old tunnel to spot was a delightful oasis of cotton- became interested in Trogons collect peacock colored specimens of when she learned that a neigh- wood and sycamore trees. Here, far copper pyrite from the ore heaps. She removed from other habitations, we bor in the Santa Rita mountains had seen them in their canyon. was hopeful of encountering the Tro- had an excellent opportunity to ob- gon. Here she heard the song of the serve the wildlife of the mountain wil- And then one day she heard derness. There was always something one outside the cabin door . . . Canyon Wren, a prolonged graceful interesting to write home about. utterance by a finished musician that Here is a letter I wrote June 18, lifts the heart with pure joy! She was 1952: told it takes the young birds time and had not payed too much attention to practice to perfect this song. We had Dear Dad: The bird book you sent it. A queer looking paisano, that's all noted many an untuneful and badly has been very valuable. These prac- it was! tically uninhabited Santa Rita Moun- flatted crescendo of baby efforts be- tains are a wonderful natural aviary. Then we found an account in your fore these rocky walls echoed the aria The birds are conspicuously marked, bird book accompanied by a tentative with accuracy. These wrens are ex- barred and colored. This is true also drawing, as though the artist had never tremely friendly and love to hear the of the many insects—a fantastic world seen the bird. The bird, Trogon Am- sounds around a mine. She was shown in itself. In certain cases this would biguus Ambiguus, was described as one of their nests, uncovered by merely seem to be an attempt to mimic the being about a foot long, dark glossy opening the door of the switchbox at brilliant sunlight and shadows in con- green on the head and upper parts, the tunnel's entrance. Here the little trast, like the stripes of a tiger. rose red underneath with a white band ones could enjoy the human voices, the These rocky canyons have wonder- separating the red part from the dark motors, and the rush of dumping rock. ful acoustics which the birds doubt- head. The tail is copper colored, One of the miners on the late shift lessly enjoy, especially in the cool of square tipped and long. Its profile came over the hill on his way to work the morning and evening. resembled a parrot's and the female and at our request provided us with A mocking bird, with his check- was browner and duller in color. The carbide lamps, then conducted us ered tail sits on a high post with one bird's song was a series of low notes, through the tunnel. Once around the eye on me and listens to the feeble and "Kowm-kowm" like a hen turkey's. bend it was dark, damp and cool—a inferior twitterings of a distant rival. It lives right here, in the mountains of great contrast to the outside summer In the course of his song he gives a southern Arizona! Privately I won- day. fair imitation of all the bird calls for dered if we hadn't been hearing it all Later, seated outside our aluminum miles around. He is his own phono- along, just another of many unidenti- cabin, we enjoyed lunch served around graph record. You often wish you fied sounds. the friendly cake of ice our guests had knew what musical genius invented One day the limousine of a group thoughtfully provided. The leaves of some of his outstanding utterances. of ornithologists came splashing across the big sycamores drooped with the There is another extraordinary bird the creek, ladders fixed on top along heat. Suddenly we thought we heard living here. Our miners reported that with a big telescope. They "looked the Trogon! We couldn't be sure be- some people with a lot of equipment like they came from the university" cause we had never seen it, never heard came by the camp looking for a bird the miners said. They wanted to know it, and could see no bird at the mo- with the strange name of Trogon. if the Trogons lived around here. They ment. I couldn't be sure it was the Trogon, but the girls were electrified Old Sam White, a half blind retired said they had ridden a thousand miles and refused to consider themselves railroad man, who owns the claims and tramped nearly a thousand more disappointed. next to ours, told one of the miners looking for the bird. I sent them to that this bird has been seen here in old Sam White, our Trogon authority. That evening after supper we went past years. It was just the prettiest He evidently told them what he knew up the road to visit Sam White to play bird you ever saw, all black and red because later in the day we rode down a game of rummy. His adobe was and copper colored, its call sounds a byroad in a jeep to see the Silver about a mile and a half away. Here like that of a turkey. My husband said Queen prospect and found them pa- he cultivated peaches, apples, black- he had seen one last year right above tiently parked under an old cottonwood berries and corn. Incidentally his were the mine. It looked to him like an with a blasted top, where Sam declared the only blackberries I ever saw in the exotically painted road runner, but he the birds, to his positive knowledge, Santa Ritas where there are neither

NOVEMBER,, 1955 23 berries nor roses. He watered his gar- for Nogales. We finished our business place as Sam said he did every year den with a system of pipes that tapped in the cabin. I was writing payrolls at this time. But, I couldn't see them a rock reservoir in the creek. Inside while my partner made out checks for clearly so finally went back to the the cabin the walls were hung about the men. cabin to finish my work. with gay calendars of other years, Then . . . there it was ... the Trogon Then I heard the call again—right layers deep. Sam loved to sit in his call! outside the cabin door! kitchen with his coffee in the morning to watch the sun light up the junipers The sound was moving down Jose- Bang! went the stool. Bang! went and white quartz veins on the hill. phine Canyon! Suddenly I found my- the door—I ran out yelling. But the Here, he claimed, he watched the Tro- self outside, jumping over rocks—fol- bird was probably used to us and our gons moving here and there uttering lowing the sound. noise after all these months. It flew peculiar clucks. I now heard two birds "kau-kauing." by overhead in a leisurely way—scarlet Next morning I was asked to put The Trogon must have found his mate rosy feathers and copper tail gleaming. off the Trogon hunt for we had to leave and was escorting her to the nesting [ had seen the Trogon.

told him that they would buy the 1880 and at 13 years of age moved to photos if he would write the story that Phoenix, Arizona. Two years later, in went along with them. He did and it 1895, he moved to Buckeye where he was his first article sale. Since then has remained ever since. he has written many more feature His writing career began in 1905 stories and articles including many when he became a correspondent for technical articles for the photography the old Arizona Republican. He has Charles Herbert, author of this trade. Herbert heads Western Ways continued this line of work off and on month's "Saguaro Harvest in the Land Features, a Tucson, Arizona, concern for the last 50 years. In 1934 Parkman of the Papagos," has acquired an inter- specializing in photography. organized the Buckeye and West Gila national reputation for his work as a Mr. and Mrs. Herbert make their Valley Old Settlers' Union and served documentary cameraman. His fine home in Tucson but spend their sum- as that organization's first president. work with the camera is beautifully mers at their Montana mountain cabin. He was re-elected to this position sev- indicated on this month's cover. * * * eral times. Also serving as Historian Herbert started to write in 1940 after I. H. Parkman, who wrote "Hassay- for the Union, he began collecting he showed some of his color photo- ampa Dam Disaster—1890" in this stories of the pioneer days. graphs to the National Geographic month's issue, is a real Western old- Parkman has been very active in the Magazine. Editors of that publication timer. He was bom in Kentucky in Boy Scout movement and during his lifetime has been a ranch foreman, rancher, Justice of the Peace, Post- master and businessman. * * * Pictm-of-the-month Contest... Although she has chosen birds for the subject of her first Desert Magazine Month after month and year after year camera artists find the story, "Rare Bird of the Santa Ritas," Desert Southwest a most cooperative subject to work with. If that Dorothy W. Allen believes without re- ornery pack rat refuses to come out of his burrow to pose for a picture serve that "no matter how impressive there's a creosote bush nearby nursing a brood of wildflowers or a the scenery or the resources or weather mourning dove feeding its young or a lonely shack leaning away from of this mysterious Southwest, the peo- the wind—and hundreds of other picture possibilities that the camera- ple are the most extraordinary fact of man will want to take home with him. Desert Magazine readers would all." like to share the best of these scenes with you. Two prizes are offered each month for these pictures. This was proven to her during a six-month stay at Arivaca, Arizona, Entries for the November contest must be sent to the Desert Maga- where as a member of that nearly non- zine office. Palm Desert, California, postmarked not later than Novem- existent community she contributed to ber 18. Winning prints will appear in the January issue. Pictures which arrive too late for one contest are held over for the next month. their newspaper and served as secre- First prize is $10; second prize, S5. For non-winning pictures accepted tary of a local service club. "It only for publication $3 each will be paid. takes time and patience to absorb the local tempo and to find, somehow, you HERE ARE THE RULES have a personal stake in what is going 1—Prints for monthly contests must be black and white, 5x7 or larger, printed on." on glossy paper. 2—Each photograph submitted should be fully labeled as to subject, time and Mrs. Allen has lived most of her place. Also technical data: camera, shutter speed, hour of day. etc. life in the San Francisco Bay Area. 3—PRINTS WILL BE RETURNED WHEN RETURN POSTAGE IS ENCLOSED. She is presently a resident of Napa. 4—All entries must be in the Desert Magazine office by the 20th of the contest California. Her husband is a mine month. operator and prospector, exploring the S—Contests are open to both amateur and professional photographers. Desert Magazine requires first publication rights only of prize winning pictures. mountain states at present. They have 6—Time and place of photograph are immaterial, except that it must be from the two children each with families, their desert Southwest. daughter lives in Maine and their son 7—Judges will be selected from Desert's editorial staff, and awards will be made teaches school at Pt. Reyes, California. immediately after the close of the contest each month. Mrs. Allen classifies herself as "a Address All Entries to Photo Editor housewife with secretarial experience." PALM DESERT, CALIFORNIA A housewife traveling around with a 'De&ent friendly eye on plants, animals, earth and local people and their interests.

24 DESERT MAGAZINE Pictures of the Month

First prize in this month's contest goes to photogra- pher Adrian Atwater for his growling badger—and well the animal might growl for Atwater had to chase it "half way across the desert" before it con- sented to pose. Atwater, a resident of Carson City, Nevada, used a 4x5 Speed Graphic, Super XX film, 100 at f. 11.

This striking photograph of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints' temple at Mesa, Arizona, was judged second prize winner. It was photo- graphed by Willard Luce of Provo, Utah, using a Graphic View camera, Su- per XX film, orange filter, 1/10 sec. at f. 32.

NOVEMBER, 1955 25 ON DESERT TRAILS WITH A NATURALIST - XX and

You may spend a life-time in the desert Southwest without getting 1 once watched for some weeks the a glimpse of a wildcat at large, yet they are to be found in many of the development of a family of three kit- more remote areas. Deadly in pursuit of smaller game, the wildcat, tens. I first saw them shortly after or bobcat—they are the same—has an instinctive fear of man and they had opened their eyes and were unless cornered will not fight. Dr. Jaeger shares the view of many so small that except for their some- other naturalists that in their native habitat they should be protected. what larger size and stocky build they looked much like domestic kittens. By EDMUND C. JAEGER, D.Sc. The mother usually brought them out Curator of Plants of the rock-covered den each evening Riverside Municipal Museum at dusk and I watched as they cleverly played with one another or lay upon y/AST MONTH a man came to for truth I took a little extra care to a big flat rock and fed at her breasts. g^ my door with the report that explain the whole matter of differences Once I saw her leave and return he had a genuine Canadian lynx to him. Then I drew two maps to show 20 minutes later with a freshly killed at his desert hide-out in the rocky, him how different in general is the squirrel. This she dropped before brush-covered hills near Victorville, range of the two animals. them and soon they were sniffing and California. He begged me to come The desert regions of the southwest- pulling it about. The rodent was out and see it for myself. ern United States and northern Mex- eventually eaten by the mother, the "Yep, a real Canadian lynx and ico are occupied by a bobcat of paler kittens being yet too young to eat flesh. there's no doubt about it. Some of coloration than that of the more humid As the days passed I could see steady the neighbors say he's only a bobcat, areas of the Pacific coast. It is often development of the play instinct along but sure as I'm livin' I know he's a called Bailey's Bobcat by the serious with evidence of gaining body strength. northern lynx 'cause he's got real students of mammals because of its Before I left the vicinity both mother whiskers on his ears. Yessir, that ani- scientific name Lynx rufus baileyi. The and kittens were going out together mal's been sitting up on a big rock each specific name rufus means reddish and on the evening hunts. evening at sundown for over a week was given because of the reddish- now." brown tinge of certain parts of the Later I witnessed the exciting spec- The man talked about his cat with upper pelt of the animal originally tacle of the mother cat catch a gopher such cocksureness that I did not feel described. Baileyi honors the able ex- one early morning as I walked along I dared to let him know how very much plorer and student of mammals Ver- one of the well established animal I doubted him. non Bailey, for many years field nat- trails. I first saw her some distance uralist for the U. S. Biological Survey ahead lying prone on a slight rise of 1 decided to let him show me what- ground. I stopped and noted she was ever he had to offer. Here, I thought, and author of many publications on birds and mammals. The frequently looking intently at a pile of loose earth was another chance to see a big desert four feet before her. Not long after- bobcat. used name, wildcat, is well deserved ward she rose in an expectant and I arrived at Dick Jones' place just for here is an animal which is not capable of ever being truly tamed. tense springing position. It was very a little before six in the evening and evident that she was now seeing the we were soon on our way to see the Bobcat is a name given because of the animal's short tail. gopher coming up to the entrance of big lynx. We hid out in a blind behind its hole with a load of loose earth. A some sumac bushes and it wasn't long Every now and then I find people moment later the cat leaped forward, before 1 heard Dick whisper in ani- who think that bobcats and wildcats thrust her right paw into the burrow mated tones, "Here he comes. Isn't he are quite different animals. According and adroitly brought out and pounced a beauty?" I raised my binoculars and to them bobcats live in the low hills; upon her prize. Then she bit it sev- one careful look confirmed my belief but when they live in the mountains eral times and carried it off, probably that we had before us no Canadian they are called wildcats. Such talk to her kittens. lynx but only a good sized male desert reminds me of an old desert man who bobcat. He had tufts of hair on his declared that when "a certain grass" I have reason to know that when ears all right, but not nearly long grows along the edge of water it should pressed with need for escape wildcats enough to be those of the northern be called Bermuda grass but when oc- are not wholly adverse to swimming. lynx. Moreover, when the animal curring out in the open it should be Once I had the extraordinary experi- turned to walk away I could see that spoken of as devil grass. ence of seeing a much surprised and the five-inch stubby tail was black only frightened animal leap into the water There are other common errors and make its way across a shallow la- on the top of the tip. If it had been about bobcats: One is that bobcats one of the forest dwelling cats of the goon on the western edge of the Colo- are crosses between the big northern rado River. far north country its tail would have lynxes and domestic cats; the other is shown a tip that was circled black. that the males should be called bob- With interest not unmixed with In addition the cat would have had cats whereas the females should be some fear I once witnessed the mating much larger paws and stockier legs. called wildcats. It is a satisfaction to antics, or, as the Germans say, the My identification was, I know, a me that most of my knowledge of liebespiel or love-play of two desert disappointment to Dick. I assured him wildcats has not been acquired by lynxes. It was an alley cat perform- that he was not the first man that had reading books on wildlife but that it ance done in best and most furious called me in to settle an argument about has been gained largely by personal wildcat style with yowling cries and the identity of desert wildcats, and observations of these crafty hunters growls, most extraordinary wailings, since my host was an honest inquirer of the wild. hissings, spittings and menacing mo-

26 DESERT MAGAZINE Unless unduly surprised, bobcats are not a serious threat to man. The fierce animal above is 40-inches long and its yellow-brown fur is marked with black. Western Ways photograph by Peter Balesteriv. tions. It was about midnight and at numbers, seemingly for the mere love objectionable carriers of disease ticks the time of a brilliant moon and I of slaying. The thirst for blood some- and fleas. If a boy kills a bobcat he watched the whole half hour perform- times leads them to killing lambs too. is told he has performed a great feat ance from my camp bed on the ground. Under such circumstances doing away of bravery and often natural ego is I didn't move much and I do not be- with the animal murderers is justifiably further inflated by accounts of his feat lieve the pair ever was aware of my in order. appearing in the local papers. presence. The wildcat population is declining Unless unduly surprised or men- Bobcats are secretive animals and due to constant trapping and hunting. aced, wildcats are harmless shy crea- the number seen is seldom a true indi- Most hunters, especially youthful ones, tures almost always dashing away from cation of their abundance in any area. consider the animal a special prize. one with unusual celerity. Their gait Wildcats are silent, stealthy and cour- Just mention wildcats and they're is generally a series of leaps or rabbit- ageous hunters keeping in the brush ready to take off immediately with like jumps. Because of the small size and rocks most of the time where they rifle or shot gun. Often they rationalize of their lungs a sustained fast run is find the largest populations of brush and justify their actions by declaring not possible. It is always surprising rabbits, small rodents and birds. When that wildcats are very dangerous ani- to me to see how far they can jump they wander into the vicinity of ranches mals to have about and that they are when first aware of danger. Often a they quite regularly eat house cats and spring of 12 or 15 feet is made with in forested areas have been known to greatest ease, this followed, if neces- kill deer by jumping onto the neck Of the five species of the cat sary, by several lesser ones until cover and biting into the jugular vein. But family found in the Southwest, is reached. it is generally the young, the diseased the bobcat is by far the most Some day Americans may become and weak or the small deer that they common. The jaguar, moun- aware, as the Scandinavians and some get. Bobcats stalk and kill quail too tain lion and ocelot are all other European nations have, of the but here again it is the generally sick larger than the bobcat, and the fact that they must protect the wildcat and weak ones that they weed out. I rare jaguarundi is about the as a valuable and interesting animal do not believe they stand too much same size. The bobcat has friend, one to observe and admire. chance of catching the highly alert many of the characteristics Said the late student of mammals, healthy, active, adult birds. common to its larger relatives, Joseph Grinnell: "The value of the Occasionally these animals are real among them a timidity towards wildcat in maintaining a proper check problems to farmers who find them man and a ruthless pursuit of upon certain smaller animals and birds raiding their poultry pens and killing the prey upon which it lives. is sufficient to justify intentional pres- chickens and other fowl in unusual ervation of it in uncultivated territory."

NOVEMBER, 1955 27 San Andreas Fault . . . little engine was active in the early San Clemente, California days of logging around the lake. Desert: WALTER S. YOUNG An extremely informative article on • • • the San Andreas Fault appeared in the Open Season on Eagles . . . June JO issue of Colliers. Informed amnsDick Wick Hall's Salome . . . people have told me that the best vis- Haverhill, Massachusetts San Marino, California ual replica of this fault system is a Desert: Desert: plate glass window that has cracked Lester Reed tells of his concern over Please compliment J. Wilson Mc- due to stress and strain. There you the survival of the bald eagle in his Kenney for his excellent article on Dick will see the main cleavage, and shoot- letter in the August issue of Desert. Wick Hall which appeared in the July ing off from it are cracks of various And yet many beautiful small birds issue of Desert Magazine. sizes and lengths. like the warblers have become extinct and other species are nearly extinct You will be interested to know that A quake did serious damage just a without causing the concern of Nature Dick Hall had considerably more edu- few years ago in the Tehachapi and lovers who admire the big voracious cation than he generally admitted, and lower San Joaquin areas. It was caused beasts and birds of prey. if my memory serves me correctly he by a disturbance along the Bear Moun- In the same issue you have a story once attended Grinnell College in Iowa, tain Fault. According to news reports although I could be mistaken. from the Buckeye Valley News an- this action gave scientists the first proof nouncing the start of mourning dove One other point: the town of Salome that this minor fault was tied into the season. was actually named for my aunt, Dr. main fault system near Tejon Pass on When big creatures devour little Grace Salome Davis, whose name at U.S. Highway 99. creatures it is considered "survival of that time was Grace Salome Pratt (nee I own an interest in the mineral the fittest" even though the little crea- Grace Salome Stauffer). Dr. Davis rights on 240 acres in the hills near ture is more useful, beautiful and harm- was born in Iowa where, I believe, the Palmdale that is bisected by this fault. less. Why so much concern over the Halls and Stauffers were acquainted. Locally it is called, "earthquake dike." perpetuation of birds of prey? Is the My aunt and her husband were in- I offered a large mining company a love for eagles a purely sentimental terested, with Dick Hall, in developing lease on the property but they advised affection because it has been chosen the valley into farming country, as I me that although they found ore run- for a patriotic symbol? It would be a recall it, but the lack of water ended ning to $35 per ton, they would not "fitter" survival if the swarms of beau- the dream. I have an old map of the take the risk due to the proximity of tiful insect-eating birds that are de- area entitled "Rich Section Being the fault. Subsequently a very rich voured by a pair of eagles in the course Opened up by the New A.C. Railroad find of gold was made in a water tun- of a summer should survive instead of Showing the Harqua Hala and Har- nel on this fault about 20 miles from the eagles. cuvar Mountains, Grace Valley and my property. This gold was in a soggy A mourning dove is a very beautiful Salome." Grace Valley, the predeces- mass of red dirt and much of it was and harmless bird. Why do we hunt sor of Happy Valley, was also named mined with power shovels. For a few them instead of the eagle? Is it only after my aunt. months this mine was hotter than a because of sentiment? two dollar pistol and then suddenly I have read many articles on Salome MINA I. LEWIS they ran into a wall of the big fault —each giving a different basis of or- • • • igin of the town's name that I felt, in and that was the end of the mine. the interest of historical accuracy, im- FRANK B. RUTLEDGE Making the Desert Bloom . . . pelled to clear up this matter once and Twentynine Palms, California for all. Desert: Incidentally, Dr. Grace Salome Old 27 Rests at Last . . . After living in Santa Barbara for 16 Davis is presently living in Southern Genoa, Nevada years gardening became a very impor- California. Desert: tant part of my life. Three years ago ROBERT BALDWIN In the August issue of Desert you we moved to Twentynine Palms on have an article about "Train to be Dis- the high desert for my daughter's played" at Carson City. At first it was health. Through force of habit I turned A Lesson in Values . . . intended that this historic Virginia and to my gardening hobby despite the Truckee train be located on the Post- warnings of my neighbors who said my Glendale, California efforts would be a waste of time. Desert: office lawn, but later this move was reconsidered. I bought a wide variety of plants, While on a recent visit to the Hunt- even some that nurserymen had never ington Library I came across this gem The famous V&T roundhouse at Carson was sold and the rolling stock seen grown on the high desert. Every- in a collection of epigrams written in thing I planted grew. I only lost two Robert Burns' own hand, dated May stored within had to be removed. They moved old Engine 27, one of the last hibiscus to a hard freeze and two gar- 20, 1789, and addressed to William denias by transplanting while they were Creech: of the famous V&T engines that hauled the "Mixed Train Daily" between Reno in bud. "On being asked why God had and Virginia City and then from Reno Although snails and other pests pre- made Mrs. D so little and Mrs. to Minden, Nevada, to a spot just north sented a real problem, by using plenty A so big: of the Carson City limits on route 395 of water and fertilizer I made the des- "Ask why God made the gem so small, along with a coach and mail and bag- ert bloom. A nd why so huge the granite, gage car. The train is sitting there as Now with my bermuda grass lawn, Because God meant mankind should proud as the days when the V&T was 20 cedar and juniper trees, pansies, set one of the busiest lines in the West. carnations, snapdragons, petunias, ma- That higher value on it." The Glenbrook, a narrow gauge rigolds, roses, and scores of other With which, I am sure, all rock- which hauled mixed trains between plants I have a far more beautiful hounds will agree. Truckee and Tahoe City, is at the garden than I had on the coast. FRANK H. OVERTON museum in Carson City. This famous MRS. LEOMA LANE

28 DESERT MAGAZINE 8:30 a.m.—Authors' Breakfast; Fur- nace Creek Golf Course; John D. Seventh Henderson, chairman. Open to pub- lic. $1.50. Membership in the Death Valley *Deat& Galley (^amfr Out'49ers is open to all who contribute to the expenses of the annual Encamp- Unforgettable nights under the des- American '49er Chorus, Robert Nor- ment. If you want a membership card ert stars and thrill-packed days explor- ris, director; Dr. Thomas Clements, and a windshield sticker for your car, ing the scenic and geologic wonders master of ceremonies. you may send your dues to Death Val- of Death Valley—that is what awaits 9:30 p.m.—Square dancing; Furnace ley '49ers, 501 Hall of Records, Los the thousands of people who are plan- Creek Ranch; Kinnie Powers and Angeles. The following types of mem- ning to attend this year's Seventh An- berships are available: Active, $2; Walter A. Bendroth, chairmen. nual Death Valley Encampment in the Sustaining, $5; Patron, $10; Sponsor, Death Valley National Monument, Sunday, Nov. 13 $25; Life, $100. Nov. 10 to 13. Production Chairman 7 a.m.—Catholic Mass; Furnace Creek B. Paul Gruendyke announced the Inn; Rev. George T. Crowley, S.J. Surplus funds in the treasury are set program for this year's event: 7 a.m. — Protestant Sunrise Service; aside for the building of a Death Val- Thursday, Nov. 10 Desolation Canyon; special music; ley Museum. All Life Membership fees also go into that fund. 7 p.m.—Camp fire at the sand dunes; Rev. Richard M. Mussen. community sing led by Winton Burne; "History of Place Names of Death Valley," by Fred W. Binne- Autumn is here — the season wies; Mrs. George Palmer Putnam, for desert field trips. Chances master of ceremonies. TRUE OR FALSE are you will get more enjoyment Friday, Nov. 11 out of those trips if you know most of the answers to Desert's monthly 8 a.m. — Artists' Breakfast; painting Quiz. It is no disgrace to miss a few of the answers provided you acquire demonstration; Furnace Creek Golf a bit of new knowledge in the process. If you answer 12 to 14 correctly Course; John W. Hilton, chairman. you can give yourself a fair grade, 15 to 17 is good, 18 or better is excellent. Open to public. $1.50. Answers are on page 44. 11 a.m.—Conducted tour of north end 1—Many of the Indian tribesmen in the Southwest still daub their faces of Valley and Scotty's Castle start- with paint for ceremonial events. True . False ing at Government Center; National 2—Cottonwood trees shed their leaves in winter time. True Park Service. False 2 p.m. — Veterans' Day services at 3—First explorer to run the rapids of the Grand Canyon in a boat was Scotty's Castle; Gov. Goodwin Lieut. Ives. True . False Knight, speaker; James B. Nosser, 4—Wupatki National Monument is an old Indian ruin in New Mexico. chairman. True . False 7 p.m.—Camp fire at Texas Springs; Community sing led by Winton 5—The State of Utah derived its name from a tribe of Indians. True Burne; "Retracing the Manly Trail," False by Ardis Walker; John Anson Ford, 6—The pinyon tree grows well at all elevations in the Southwest. master of ceremonies. True . False 9 p.m. — Square dancing at Furnace 7—The Colorado desert is in the State of Colorado. True _. . False Creek Ranch; Kinnie Powers and 8—The famous Comstock lode was located near Tonopah, Nevada. Walter A. Bendroth, chairmen. True . False . Saturday, Nov. 12 9—A line drawn north and south through Salt Lake City would be west of Tucson, Arizona. True False ____. . 8 a.m.—Photographers' breakfast; Fur- 10—It never snows at Snowflake, Arizona. True .... . False nace Creek Golf Course; Floyd B. 11—Gen. Kearny's Army of the West in 1846 crossed the Colorado Evans, chairman. Open to public. River near the present site of Needles, California. True $1.50. False 11 a.m.—Conducted tour of central 12—Beavertail cactus has no spines. True . False Valley starting at Government Cen- ter; National Park Service. 13—Rattlesnakes often are killed by non-venomous king snakes. True Noon — '49er luncheon; Stove Pipe False . Wells Hotel; Mrs. George Palmer \4—Metamorphic rocks are formed when sedimentary or igneous rocks Putnam, chairman; $1.50. are altered by heat or pressure or both. True False 2:30 p.m. —• Old-Time Miners' Con- 15—Father Kino was the first padre to explore the present territory of tests; Stove Pipe Wells; Mrs. George Utah. True .._ . False Palmer Putnam, chairman. 16—According to Hopi tradition, the Kachinas live in the San Francisco 3:30 p.m.—Burro Flapjack Contest; Mountains of Arizona. True . False Stove Pipe Wells Hotel; Paul Palmer, 17—Native desert palm trees will live for many years without water. chairman. True False 7 p.m.—Kodachrome show; Furnace 18—Furnace Creek Inn is the name of a hotel in Death Valley. True ...._. Creek Ranch; featuring flora and False fauna of Death Valley, geology, pic- 19—Joshua Tree and Saguaro cactus are found growing together in certain torial and desert photography; Floyd parts of Arizona. True . False B. Evans, chairman. 20—Prehistoric Indians of the Southwest used a crude type of potter's 8:30 p.m.—Community sing; Furnace wheel to form their earthen vessels. True False Creek Ranch; concert by North

NOVEMBER, 1955 29 U.S. Opens Small Tracts . . . APACHE JUNCTION—The Fed- and There on the Pesett... eral Government has opened 320 small tracts of land for lease and sale near ARIZONA State. U.S. Exchange Land . . . Apache Junction, 32 miles east of Independence in 10 Years . . . YUMA—The Federal Government Phoenix. The tracts are approximately and the State of Arizona exchanged five acres each and the appraised price ALBUQUERQUE — M. Maurice land parcels and both reported satis- is $200 each. A $10 nonrefundable McCabe, secretary-treasurer of the faction with the deal. The Department application fee and a $30 lease fee are Navajo tribe, declared that it is his of Interior gave Arizona 36,750 acres required with each application, the hope to see his people independent in of public domain in Yuma County in lease fee returnable to the unsuccessful 10 years. He reported that a many- exchange for 5900 acres of state-owned applicants. Upon completion of a sided program aimed at ultimately land in the Saguaro National Monu- year-round home upon the tract with- taking the tribe out from under Federal ment east of Tucson. Appraised values in the three-year lease period the les- supervision is gaining momentum. The of the two tracts of land were each government and the tribe are both con- see becomes eligible to purchase the about $275,000. Principal reason for tract at the appraised price. Disposal tributing to this program, the former the exchange was to allow the National by educating Navajo children and aid- and sanitary facilities to meet local Park Service to further develop the government requirements must be in- ing tribesmen who wish to move off national monument in order to handle the reservation; the latter by encourag- stalled.—Phoenix Gazette more visitors. The Yuma County land • • • ing industry to the reservation and lies roughly 20 miles south and east financing Navajos in college. McCabe of Yuma on the south end of the mesa. CALIFORNIA said the college education program is The exchange climaxed many years of Mud Geyser Spouts . . . growing rapidly. The scholarship fund negotiations.—Yuma Sun has been increased from $30,000 two CALEXICO—Fears of the birth of years ago to $100,000 today. Youth a volcano in the Calexico-Mexicali who accept the scholarships do so with area were experienced in early Septem- Population Passes Million Mark . . . the understanding that they will serve ber following discovery of a spouting their people in some capacity for a set PHOENIX — Arizona's population mud geyser south of Mexicali. Geyser- period of time.—Phoenix Gazette is now well over the million mark, non- ing action in the area, where sulphur agricultural jobs are at an all-time high fumes and steam seep from crevices, and retail sales in the first half of 1955 sent mud and stones as high as 50 feet into the air. A Mexican volcanologist SAN JUAN and COLORADO were 11.3 percent above the corre- said the geyser was of volcanic origin RIVER EXPEDITIONS soonding period of 1954, reported the Valley National Bank's research de- but he foresaw no danger unless a Enjoy exploration, safe adventure and major earthquake hit the area, liberat- scenic beauty in the gorgeous canyons of partment. The state's estimated popu- Utah and Arizona. Staunch boats, experi- lation is 1,040,000, up almost 40 per- ing the seething under-surface pressure. enced rivermen. For 1955 summer schedule cent since the 1950 census. Phoenix —Nevada State Journal or charter trips anytime write to— city planning engineer John Beatty • • • I. FRANK WRIGHT predicted that Phoenix will have a Lease Law Aids Resort . . . MEXICAN HAT EXPEDITIONS population of 250.000 within the next PALM SPRINGS —Recent enact- Blanding. Utah 10 vears with another 250,000 persons ment of a new law allowing 25-year- in the city's metropolitan area. Beatty leases of Indian land is expected to said the city will need an additional have far-reaching consequences for 26,000,000 'gallons of water daily to Palm Springs, where the Agua Cali- More Colorful Than Euer take care of its increased population ente Indians have extensive holdings. by 1965. A tribal-owned square mile section of • • • land, largely undeveloDed lies right in Bighorn Sheep Cunning . . . the heart of the city. One of the draw- GLENDALE — John Russo, game backs to development of Indian land technician attached to the Arizona up to now has been the limiting five Game and Fish Department-Texas year lease provisions.—Riverside En- Game and Fish Department bighorn terprise sheep transplanting project, reported • • • that as of late July the sheep have Tramway Plan Delayed ... avoided a trap set up to capture them. PALM SPRINGS —Earl Coffman, Similar to the net-type antelope trap, head of the Mt. San Jacinto Winter the bighorn trap has a loading ramp Park Authority which hopes to build at one end and utilizes a water tank a tramway from a point about 2500 for bait. Sheep have been observed feet up the mountains above Palm in the area, but none entered the Springs to a point about 8500 feet high, structure.—Glendale News reported that the only obstacle remain- ing now to the construction of the proj- ect is a saturated market for revenue DON'T GET LOST! bonds. The Authority is seeking buy- LEARN TO USE MAP AND COMPASS CORRECTLY... ers for the $13,000,000 issue needed New Mexico Magazine is now using a Most complete pocket-size hook ever written to build the tramway. The Federation on maps and compasses. 144 pages of practi- color section every month. For a year of cal map and compass methods used by for- of Western Outdoor Clubs and other this colorful magazine, send $2.50 to: esters, smoke-chasers, hunters, fishermen. Easy-to-understand. Fully illustrated. conservation organizations are seeking Tells how to: Orient a map. Plot a course to camp. Locate your position a repeal to the state law which makes NEW MEXICO MAGAZINE in the field. Order today! Mail only. BOX 938 SANTA FE, NEW MEXICO Carters Manual Company, $15O the tramway possible.—Riverside En- P. O. Box 186, Estacada, Oregon Dept rjU Ppd terprise

30 DESERT MAGAZINE Navy Still After Saline Valley . . . NEVADA Study Bighorn Restoration . . . SALINE VALLEY — Reports that Small Claim Deals Hampered . . . CARSON CITY — The Fish and the Navy has canceled its proposed LAS VEGAS—The Federal Gov- Wildlife Service initiated a bighorn withdrawal of public domain lands for ernment is moving with unprecedented sheep study in conjunction with the the Saline Valley air-to-air gunnery speed to clear the mining claims from State of Nevada with the objective of range are entirely untrue, District At- Clark County small tracts. In the past developing management information torney Robert Loundagin reported. 90 days, 8980 acres have been cleared that will contribute to the further res- Assistant Secretary of the Navy R. H. of the sand and gravel mining claims toration of the animal throughout the Fogler informed Loundagin that "the which heretofore have held up the is- state where suitable range is available. Navy Department has by no means suance of both leases and patents. In The studies will be pursued on the abandoned the idea of possibly estab- some cases home-siters were already Desert Game Range and in nearby lishing an air-to-air gunnery range in living on the land in spite of the claims, areas concurrently with a trapping and Saline Valley. The need for a range, posing an embarrassing problem to the tagging program designed to determine its size, and location are still under government since the Department of the extent of movement within and study within the Department and no Interior had issued patents to many from the refuge.—Nevada State Jour- final decisions have yet been made. I of these small tract applicants.—Ne- nal wish to reassure you that you will be vada State Journal • • • advised as soon as the Navy reaches • • • Petrified Forest Damaged . . . a final decision with respect to Saline Wheatgrass Becoming Popular . . . GERLACH—Uranium hunters have Valley." The Western Mining Council ELY—Siberian Wheatgrass, a rela- been bulldozing the Petrified Forest has issued a new appeal for all citizens tively new grass for seeding dry range area north of Gerlach, finding no sign of the area to oppose the military gun- lands, is becoming popular with stock- of ore, but doing considerable damage, nery range grabs both in Inyo County men in eastern Nevada. A few trials according to members of the Nevada and Western Nevada.—Inyo Indepen- have been made with this grass which State Park Commission. The petrified dent has proven to be a good productive forest was recently surveyed and posted grass for the area. Siberian Wheatgrass for the purpose of warning people that is similar to Crested Wheatgrass but looting and depredation of these areas Nlland Road Extension Granted . . . stays green and succulent longer. — is in violation of federal and state Ely Record laws.—Nevada State Journal EL CENTRO —A second 60-day extension in the time it had set for the reopening of the Niland-Blythe Road was granted to the Navy by the Im- perial County board of supervisors. The board's action took place at a special meeting following the receipt Haul Rock Shorty of a letter from the Navy advising that condemnation proceedings have been recommended in order to determine of Death Valley a value on the road by court action, and funds for an alternate road pro- vided. The road bisects the Navy's The temperature had gone up in' a quicksilver prospect up in Chocolate Mountains gunnery range. to 110 degrees and out across the the Funeral Mountains. We did- —Imperial Valley Weekly salt-crusted floor of Death Val- n't know nothin' about them ley the dust devils were playing dudes—but one afternoon one o' hide - and - seek among the salt them chindes came over the ridge bushes. A dozen spirals of sand and left seven hats hangin' on You'll want to keep those could be seen against the dark the limbs of a mesquite tree right slopes of the Panamint Moun- by our diggin's. Bill an' me didn't tains. have to buy a new hat for 'leven MAPS "Jest miniature tornadoes," years. which appear each month in Hard Rock Shorty explained to " 'Nother time wuz when Bill Desert Magazine—maps which the tourists who had stopped at brought in a cow so he could will be your guide on many de- Inferno store for cold drinks. have fresh milk every day. We lightful excursions into the great "Indians over in Arizony call wuz workin' Bill's claim up on desert playground. 'em chindes," Shorty continued. Eight Ball crick that summer. Attractive loose-leaf binders em- They think they're evil spirits. "One evenin' jest about sun- bossed in gold not only will An' I guess some of 'em are. I've down when Bill had jest finished preserve the maps, but will be seen 'em do some strange things. milkin' the cow one o' them a beautiful addition to your "Member one summer when a twisters came down the canyon home book-shelf. Each binder bunch o' dudes wuz tourin' the an' sucked the milk right outta holds 12 copies. Easy to insert, Valley. Down Badwater way the bucket. they open flat. they all got outta the bus to look "Bill was plumb disgusted. No at them salt crystals which grows fresh milk fcr supper that night. Mailed postpaid for around the pools there. Jest then But it came back. After churnin' $2.00 one o' them twisters came along, that milk around in the air all an' 'fore them fellers could grab night that twister came back up their hats they wuz all sailin' off the canyon next mornin' and in a cloud o' dust. dropped a nice hunk o' butter on "Pisgah Bill an' me wuz work- Bill's breakfast flapjacks." PALM DESERT, CALIFORNIA

NOVEMBER, 1955 31 URANIUM MAP of Southwest. Geiger counters, scintillators, snoopers, $29.95 up. Free catalog, or better, send $1.00 THE DESERT TRADING POST for authentic uranium map of Southwest Desert and catalog. Harry's Geiger Classified Advertising in This Section Costs 12c a Word, $2.00 Minimum Per Issue Counters, 360 So. Hawthorne Blvd., Hawthorne, California. GEIGER COUNTER KIT, only $64.00; INDIAN GOODS COACHELLA VALLEY—80 acre Produce assembled $76.00. More sensitive than and Date Ranch, showing $20,000 Net. most scintillometers. Guaranteed for a 5 FINE ANCIENT Indian arrowheads, $2. Write Ronald Johnson, Box 162, Thermal, year and batteries will last up to IVi Flint eagle ceremonial, $2. Perfect Fol- California. years. Counter diagrams, 50c. 1.00% some, $5. Spearhead, $1. List Free. Lear's, U3 O8 $1.00. Evaluate your ore with Glenwood, Arkansas. SMALL MOUNTAIN Resort in lovely set- Ihis accurate sample. R. T. Barrett, 22319 ting, main Highway U.S. No. 89; includes Kathryn Ave., Torrance, California. BEAUTIFUL TURQUOISE and Silver jew- large stock of fine mineral specimens and elry by the Pueblo Tribes — Bracelets, baroque jewelry beautifully displayed. HOTEL-RESORT AUDITOR: Knowledge earrings and necklaces priced from $2.50 Geiger counters, Mineralights. prospect- of all accounting procedures, excellent to $100.00. Authentic Navajo rugs 18" x ing equipment, cactus products, etc. training, experience, education and refer- 36" to 50" x 54" and priced from $8.50 to Small restaurant, service station, and four ences. Single, go anywhere. Box 22, $70.00. The Bradleys, 4639 Crenshaw rental cabin units plus living quarters, Desert Magazine, Palm Desert, Calif. Blvd., Los Angeles 43, California. doing fine volume. Full price $23,500. Down payment $12,500, owner will carry INDIAN PHONOGRAPH Records. New mortgage on balance. Glen Oaks Resort, Singers! Latest Songs! As well as many SIX FINE Ancient Indian Arrowheads— old-time songs and chants—all completely $2.00. Fine granite Tomahawk—$2.10. Highway No. 89, 12 miles south of Pres- cott, Arizona. authentic. Write for free record list No. Effigy pipe $4.00. Perfect flint thunder- 5. Canyon Records, 834 N. 7th Avenue, bird—$3.00. Flint fish hook—$3.00. List Phoenix, Arizona. free. Arrowhead, Box 5283, Indianapolis, 641 ACRES good for grain, alfalfa or sub- Indiana. division. House, fencing, wind mill, shade TELEPHONE REPRESENTATION in Taft, trees, good supply water. 57 feet near for Uranium Crews; Companies and Sup- BEAUTIFUL OBSIDIAN arrowheads from highway. $32,500. Owner Mrs. E. Bu- pliers. Taft Telephone Answering Service, the Klamath Country. Black $1.00; gray shore, Star Route, Julian, California. Hotel Savoy Lobby, Taft, California. $1.50; translucent $2.00; profusely illus- trated catalog 50c. Moise Penning, 158 6-6881. Dolorosa, San Lorenzo, California. MISCELLANEOUS OLD WALL TELEPHONES—oak cabinet, good condition. Regular $15—now $9.95. NAVAIO RUG REPAIRING — worn or DESERT TEA. One pound one dollar Two $18.50. Six $50.00. Tontz's, Dept. damaged rugs re-woven. Arizona Weav- postpaid. Greasewood Greenhouses. Len- 31, Elsinore, California. ers, 1940 East Osborn Road, Phoenix, wood, Barstow, California. Arizona. GARDEN CLUBS: Illustrated lecture, "The GHOST TOWN ITEMS: Sun-colored glass, Fabulous Indiana Dunes." In Arizona, amethyst to royal purple; ghost railroads New Mexico, Texas. California area Jan- BOOKS — MAGAZINES materials, tickets; limited odd items from uary, February. $25.00. Send day and camps of the '60s. Write your interest— dates before December 15. Mr. and Mrs. BOOKS FOUND—Any title! Free world- Box 64-D, Smith, Nevada. Simon Segal, M.R. 97, Chesterton, Ind. wide book search service. Any book, new or old. Western Americana a spe- LADY GODIVA "The World's Finest SILVERY DESERT HOLLY PLANTS: cialty. Lowest price. Send wants today! Beautifier." For women who wish to One dollar each postpaid. Greasewood International Bookfinders, Box 3003-D, become beautiful, for women who wish Greenhouses, Lenwood, Barstow, Calif. Beverly Hills, California. to remain beautiful. An outstanding des- BUILD YOUR OWN real swimming pool! ert cream. For information, write or call Fun for the entire family! Easy plan and BACK NUMBER Magazines, Books. Re- Lola Barnes, 963 N. Oakland, Pasadena instructions, only $1.00. Delta Pools, Box duced prices. Store open evenings and 6, Calif., or phone SYcamore 4-2378. 604, Stockton, California. Sundays. 5620 Lankershim, North Holly- wood, California. APPROVAL SELECTIONS—slabs of agate- AMAZING TRIPLE-action Geiger counter — moss, banded etc., turritella, desert FOR SALE complete set of "Deserts," fine U-238C, combines audio, neon flasher, roses (plume), Eden Valley petrified condition. Complete revised Territorial meter. Guaranteed best available. Also wood, Colorado petrified woods of reds, Enterprises, other western magazines. Box metal detectors and Scintillation counters yellows and radio-active wood. Send to- WA, Desert Magazine, Palm Desert, Calif. from $49.50. For radio-active Uranium day! Robert E. Frazee, 328 North Park sample send 25c to Goldak Company, Avenue, Valley Center, Kansas. JOIN THE WESTERNERS! The New 1559 A W. Glenoaks Blvd., Glendale, York Posse issues a quarterly Brand California. BIG DISCOUNT — scintillators, geiger Book, slick paper, illustrated, containing counters, metal and treasure locators. factual articles on the "Old West" by GOLD PROSPECTING CATALOG—List- Demonstrators and display models. Save famous writers. Authors, publishers, re- ing, placer and lode maps, steel gold pans, up to 50%! Like new! List free. Kenneth searchers, rock hunters — all lovers of mining and mineral books, books on lost Mayhall, Belmont, Mississippi. Western Americana are participating in mines, pocket magnifying glasses, min- this great cultural movement. Send $3.00 eral collection sets, blueprints of dry HAVE REAL FUN with desert gems, and receive all four issues of the Brand washers and wet washers you can build minerals and rocks. The rockhound's Book for 1955. Address: The Western- yourself. Catalog and Gold Panning Les- how-to-do-it magazine tells how. One ers, Rm. 1012, 51 E. 42nd St., New York sons — Free. Old Prospector, Box 729, year (12 issues) only $3.00. Sample 25c. Desk 5, Lodi, California. Gems and Minerals, Dept. J10, Palmdale, 17, N. Y. California. INTERESTED IN Prospecting for Gold TO GET AWAY from the Los Angeles REAL ESTATE and Industrial Minerals? Join United Smog will do all kinds of repair work, Prospectors and read Panning Gold. gardening or cement work on your Des- VIEW LOTS — Palm Desert Heights. Just Write for application: United Prospec- ert or mountain cabin property rent free. above Desert Magazine block. Near tors, 701 Vi E. Edgeware Rd., Los Ange- Experienced and references. William Shadow Mountain Club, school, church, les 26, California. Lenders, 10523 Selkirk, Los Angeles 24. market, bus. 70x100, $1200 up. Paved, GRanite 7-3128. gas, elec, water. Restricted. For brochure NEW REFLECTORIZED bumper signs. write Box 65, Palm Desert, California. For safer night driving or parking. Re- SECTIONIZED COUNTY MAPS — San flect light, seen 1000 feet by rearcoming Bernardino $1; Riverside $1; Imperial SEA VIEW RANCHO or Hideaway 5Vi cars whose headlights shine on them. 50c; San Diego 50c; Inyo 75c; other Cali- acres with 250 foot frontage on Salton Minute to attach—plastic. Hardly visible fornia counties $1.25 each. Nevada coun- Sea. $3600 full price, $300 down, $40 by day. Words: Slow, Stop, skull and ties $1 each. Uranium location maps: month. Also lands in San Bernardino and bones. $1.00 postpaid. Day and night southwestern states $1; Northwestern Kern Counties low as $15 an acre with visible mail box or truck signs 15c per states $1.50; California $1.50; Four Cor- as little as $100 down, $20 month. Pon letter. Satisfaction or quick refund. Glare- ners area $1. Westwide Maps Co., 114 & Co,, Box 546 DM, Azusa, California. back Signs, Box 31, Sunland, California. W. Third St., Los Angeles.

DESERT MAGAZINE NEW MEXICO Drouth Emergency Ended . . . Dinosaur Visitors Set Record . . . Deportation Formality Dropped . . . ALBUQUERQUE—New Mexico's VERNAL—The 21,798 visitors to WASHINGTON, D.C.—The Immi- federal emergency drouth program has Dinosaur National Monument set an gration Service is now returning Mexi- been terminated. A weather bureau all-time record for any one month dur- can wetbacks across the border without survey reports state ranges and fields ing August. Total to date for the pres- the formality of deportation proceed- in generally fair condition. High range ent calendar year is 60,553, an in- ings. This quick procedure eliminates land is in excellent condition. Live- crease of 10 percent over the same period for last year. Registration at much extra work including the neces- stock throughout the state is described sity of building up a file for formal de- the museum indicated that every state as being in very good condition. in the Union but Maine was represented portation proceedings. A spokesman • • • said that in most cases wetbacks are in the record breaking number of vis- UTAH itors.—Vernal Express being given a chance to return home Ute Indians Receive Money . . . • • • voluntarily.—New Mexican FT. DUCHESNE — The United Southeastern Utah Land Reopened States Government has made a $200 MOAB—Some 28,000 acres of land Carlsbad Caverns Bats Dying . . . per capita payment to 1801 members in southeastern Utah are being opened of the Ute Indian Tribe. Total amount CARLSBAD—The bats at Carlsbad for location for mineral leases and of the payroll that will be distributed other forms of public entry, the De- Caverns are dying by the thousands, to the Ute members is $360,200. Cer- presumably because farmers in the partment of the Interior announced. tain final obligations must be met first The lands were withdrawn in 1948. area are spraying their crops against to the tribe and agency by those who insects. R. Taylor Hoskins, superin- They adjoin the north and east boun- are to receive the money before the daries of Arches National Monument tendent of the caverns, said the bats rest of the fund is distributed.— Vernal probably are dying because they eat near Moab and are regarded as valu- Express able for grazing but are too mountain- the poisoned insects. But, he added, • • • there is not much chance that the en- ous for crop production.—Salt Lake Salt Trust Case Opens . . . Tribune tire colony of bats in the caverns will SALT LAKE CITY—The Federal be wiped out. There are more than Government's anti-trust trial against 100,000 at the present time—even by processors of salt from the Great Salt 1000 TRAVEL SCENES the most conservative estimates, he Lake opened recently. Defendants in said.—Phoenix Gazette COLOR SLIDES the case are Deseret Salt Co., Royal FOR YOUR • • « Crystal Salt Co., Morton Salt Co., and VACATION RECORD Conference Settles Land Question . . Deseret Livestock Co. Named as co- SANTA FE—A recent conference conspirators in the complaint "which SPECIAL OFFER between representatives of the Mesca- alleges a conspiracy to suppress com- To introduce readers of DESERT to our petition, stabilize and control prices," 2"x2" COLOR SIJDES for home projec- lero Apaches, the State Welfare De- tion, we are offering a FREE 20 page partment and four Federal agencies are Council M. McDaniel, president, catalog and a FREE sample color slide. Travel, Science, Nature, National Parks has produced the following major Deseret Salt Co., and Stansbury Salt and the southwest. Write today to -*- Co.—Salt Lake Tribune agreements in regard to the Fort Stan- KELLY D. CHODA ton reservation: about 26.000 acres of • • • BOX 588 STANFORD, CAtlF. the reservation will be turned back to Landmark Topples . . . the Department of Interior; the State BINGHAM — The Montana-Bing- Welfare Department will keep 1800 ham mine ore dump, a familiar land- acres and the right to use the landing mark to residents and visitors to the field; the Interior Department will give Bingham area, was removed by bull- full consideration to the rights of the dozers. Cloudbursts struck the com- Mescaleros in administering the lands. munity in the summer forcing mud The U. S. Public Health Service aban- and rock to wash down from the dump. r FURNACE doned its Fort Stanton hospital in 1953 Wooden timber — towering nearly 30 and the State Welfare Department took feet above the sidewalk — started to CREEK INN over the buildings, water supplies and give way and officials said that it was AMERICAN PLAN part of the vast acreage.—Alamogordo considered unsafe for pedestrians as News well as vehicles. The ore dump had FURNACE CREEK been held back by a network of con- Indian Memorial Planned . . . crete and wooden cribbings for over 30 EUROPEAN PLAN years.—Salt Lake Tribune GALLUP—An ambitious plan for an Indian memorial several miles east of Gallup was announced recently. Stove Pipe Wells Hotel Costing an estimated $9,000,000 it Death Valley was described as a living memorial California For folders and reservations consisting of a 40,000 square-foot mu- write 5509 Death Valley Ho- Home of the Famous Annual tel Co., Death Valley, Calif. seum-memorial building which will in- Or phone Furnace Creek Inn clude an Indian Hall of Fame and a BURRO-FLAPJACK at Death Valley. Or call your Hall of Exhibits, and a 12,000 square- CONTEST local travel agent. foot research building containing a Stove Pipe Wells Hotel was until his Special discount—INN only library, reading rooms, seminar rooms, death in 1950 owned and operated by Nov. 20 to Dec. 18 George Palmer Putnam, renowned offices and storage. The plans also author and explorer. It continues un- call for an amphitheater and the larg- der the personal management of Mrs. est statue in the world — the stone George Palmer Putnam. figure of an Indian 250 feet tall. — Season: October 1 to June 1 New Mexican

NOVEMBER, 1955 33 DESERT MAPS FOR DESERT TRIPS Maps to gem and mineral fields ghost towns • lost treasure areas • for hiking and exploration trips for travel in the desert recreational areas The maps published each month in Desert Magazine are accurate guides to the places you will want to visit. Over 400 of these maps have appeared in past issues of Desert. Many of these back issues are still available. Here is a classified list—at a special price. MAPS FOR THE ROCK HUNTER . . . MAPS FOR TRAVELER AND EXPLORER . . . Jun. '46—Hopi Trek to the Land of Big Water. MAP Jun. '46—Agate, chalcedony, etc., Arizona. MAP Jul. '46—Palm Hunters in the Inkopah Wastelands. Jul. '46—Minerals at Calico. MAP MAP Jul. '49—Sandspikes on the border. MAP Dec. '47—Grand Canyon Voyage. MAP Aug. '49—Uranium Strike in Petrified Wood. MAP Sep. '48—Haunted Silver. MAP Apr. '50—Dinosaur Bones in Colorado. MAP Jul. '49—On Hassayampa Trails. MAP Aug. '50—Gem Field Near 29 Palms. MAP Aug. '49—Indian Country Trek. MAP Sep. '50—Apache Tears in Nevada. MAP Apr. '50—Painted Canyon in Mecca Hills. MAP Oct. '50—Crystal Calcite in California. MAP Aug. '50—When Hopis Dance for Rain. MAP Nov. '50—Agate Hunters in California. MAP Sep. '50—Escalante River Trip. MAP Dec. '50—Gold on Garces' Trail. MAP Oct. '50—Forgotten Trails of the Old West. MAP Jan. '51—Nevada Invited the Rockhounds. MAP Nov. '50—Sacred Mountain of the Tribesmen. MAP Jun. '51—Rocks of the Ages—In Utah. MAP Dec. '50—Gold and Roses on Garces' Trail. MAP Jul. '51—On Black Rock Desert Trails. MAP Jan. '51—We Found a Way Into Elegante. MAP Aug. '51—Where Turquoise Was Mined. MAP Jun. '51—Trail of the 57 Shrines. MAP Sep. '51—Agate Trail in Nevada. MAP Jul. '51—We Camped with the Pai Pai. MAP Oct. '51—Geodes in Lizard Gulch. MAP Sep. '51—We Camped on Kaiparowitz. MAP Nov. '51—Cave of the Crystal Snowbanks. MAP Oct. '51—Trail to Hawkeye Natural Bridge. MAP Dec. '51—Opalite on the Road to Cibola. MAP Nov. '51—Cave of the Crystal Snowbanks. MAP Jan. '52—Fossil Leaves of an Ancient Nevada Forest. Dec. '51—Golden Treasure of Tule Canyon. MAP MAP Jan. '52—We Found the Lost Indian Cave. MAP Mar. '52—Puzzle Rocks of the Badlands. MAP Feb. '52—They Run the Ferry at Hite. MAP Apr. '52—Garnets Aplenty at Stanley. MAP Mar. '52—Puzzle Rocks of the Badlands. MAP May '52—Beauty in Those Ancient Pebbles. MAP Apr. '52—We Explored the Valley of Thundering Jun. '52—Petrified Wood Along the New Butterfield Water. MAP Trail. MAP May '52—Goblins in Flame Colored Stone. MAP Jul. '52—Agate Hunting Along the Gila. MAP Jun. '52—Murrage Canyon is a Challenge. MAP Aug. '52—Black Agate in Milky Wash. MAP Jul. '52—Tribesmen of Santa Catarina. MAP Dec. '52—We Explored an Old Nevada Lake Bed. MAP Oct. '52—Glen Canyon Voyage. MAP Mar. '53—Ghost Town Prospector. MAP Apr. '53—The Ancients Were Here. MAP Apr. '53—There's Still Color in the Old Placer Mines. Aug. '53—Historic Pass of the Wind River Country. MAP MAP Jun. '53—Field Day in Muggins Hills. MAP Nov. '53—We Climbed Telescope Peak. MAP Nov. '53—Agate-Seamed Butte at Bouse. MAP TRAVEL AND EXLORATION SET. 30 Mags., $5.00 ROCK HUNTER'S SET, 30 Magazines $5.00 MAPS TO THE GHOST TOWNS . . . Jul. '46—Ghost Town of Calico Hills. MAP Aug. '49—Waterhole at the Crossroad. MAP LOST TREASURE—5 of them with maps. Aug. '51—So They Built Ft. Bowie. MAP Dec. '51—Golden Treasure of Tule Canyon. MAP Sep. '50—Silver Mine of the Old Apata Indians. Feb. '52—Treasure Hills of the Utah Desert. MAP Oct. '50—Gold Pockets in the Santa Rosas. Mar. '52—When Lead Was Mined at Cerro Gordo. MAP Nov. '50—Lost Silver Mine of the Jesuits. Nov. '52—Ghost of Baxter Mountain. MAP Dec. '50—Lost Silver in Monument Valley. Feb. '53—Ghost Fortress in New Mexico. MAP Jul. '51—Lost Loma Gold. Jul. '53—Man Who Bought a Ghost Town. MAP Aug. '51—Cave of the Golden Sands. Oct. '53—Silver Strike at Belmont. MAP Sep. '51—Lost Treasure of the Irish Cavalier. Dec. '53—When Troopers Came to Nevada. MAP Oct. '51—Lost Ledge of the Sheep Hole Mtns. MAP Jan. '54—Golden Ghost of the Nevada Hills. MAP Nov. '51—Buried Treasure of the Chiricahuas. MAP GHOST TOWN MAPPED TRIPS. 12 Magaidnes. $2.00 Dec. '51—Golden Treasure of Tule Canyon. MAP Jan. '52—Lost Shotgun Mine. COMPLETE YOUR FILES Mar. '52—Goler's Lost Gold. MAP All back issues of Desert Magazine are now available except Jul. '52—Lost Mine with the Iron Door. Volume 1, Number 1, published in November, 1937. When some Aug. '52—Lost Gold of the Vampire Bats. of the issues were exhausted, we bought them back from the Sep. '52—Lost Lead of Santa Clara. MAP owners, and for these we charge from 25c to $1.00 each, according Oct. '52—Lost Pima Indian Gold. to what we paid for them. All others are available at the regular Nov. '52—Lost Silver Ledge of Santa Catarina single copy price. If you'll send us a list of the copies you need Dec. '52—Troopers' Lost Gold. to complete your files we will advise you as to the cost. Binders, TREASURE HUNTERS' SET. 18 Magazines. . .$3.00 each holding 12 copies, are available for all back volumes.

Many of the above magazines are newsstand returns, but all of them are complete and in good condition. The supply of some issues is limited, and we reserve the privilege of substituting other copies which include maps of the same general subject. Order as Many of the Above Issues as You Wish Magazines may be ordered by specifying month One Copy 25c; Six for $1.00; 12 for $2.00 and year only, or by sets The entire set of 40 different magazines for $6.00 LOOSE LEAF BINDERS FOR PERMANENT THE FILING WILL BE SUPPLIED FOR $2.00 EACH Each binder has space for 12 copies PALM DESERT, CALIFORNIA

34 DESERT MAGAZINE Beacon Uranium Company has uncov- BOOM DAYS IN URANIUM ered an estimated 750,000 tons of uranium ore in the Temple Mountain district, with samples assaying as high as 1.5 percent. The ore face is producing 1.50 percent refined *Do> Tfat ore for a distance of at least 12 feet, and the company said it plans to mine the entire side of the mountain. The ore shows better quality as the mining operation moves in- ward.—Pioche Record • • • Senator Clinton P. Anderson of New and other peaceful purposes, Anderson said. Tonopah United Uranium, Inc., is now Mexico told the nation's booming uranium But, he added, even if a controlled ther- making plans for a portable uranium-up- industry that it need have no fear that use monuclear reaction process does prove fea- grading plant that will be able to process of that metal will suddenly drop off be- sible, that will not mean the end of the uranium ores that have a U3O8 content of cause of new atomic energy developments. nuclear fission process involving uranium. .03 upwards. The commercial portable plant Anderson, chairman of the Senate-House "There will be plenty of room for both," he under consideration will weigh about 40 Atomic Energy Committee, said he found declared. tons and at the present time the firm is con- a recent report by Jesse C. Johnson, director "Scientists expect the thermonuclear proc- sidering three location sites. Engineers re- of the raw material division of the Atomic ess to be so huge, if it can be harnessed, that port that tests of the Tonopah bedding Energy Commission, regarding the increased it would be practical only in the largest plane ores have increased the uranium con- uranium supply situation, encouraging but development," he concluded.—New Mexican tent many times.—Tonopah Times-Bonanza that he did not take it at all to mean that there would be any lessening of need for continued heavy U.S. production. The thermonuclear (hydrogen) reaction process, if it could be tamed for peaceful purposes, would not use uranium or any other fissionable metal but would involve fusion of light elements. That is the basis for predictions that the process offers the possibility of using virtually inexhaustible raw materials to meet all of man's power needs. Anderson said the effort to harness the H-bomb involves extreme difficulties, and there is no guarantee of eventual success. A scientist from India predicted it might be done in 20 years. Throughout this research period, however long it may be, there will be increasing use of uranium and other fissionable metals as the atom is used more and more for power

Rare Metals to Build Mill at Tuba City An El Paso, Texas, firm, Rare Metals Corporation of America, has contracted if you're prospecting for anything... with the Atomic Energy Commission to construct and operate a uranium processing mill at Tuba City, Arizona. Rare Metals Here's why you need a Mineralight hopes to complete the plant by mid-April, 1956. Ore from properties owned, leased Mineralight Ultra-Violet lamp has proved to be or controlled by the firm in the vicinity of invaluable in locating mineralized areas with scheelite, uranium and other ore deposits. The Tuba City, located on the Navajo Indian MINERALIGHT shows traces not sufficient to Reservation about 75 miles north of Flag- excite other responses and detects minerals which staff, will be processed at the mill. are often found with uranium ore. (mercury tests Additional ore will be bought from inde- detect as low as 1000th of 1%). With pendent operators of the region and from MINERALIGHT you can spot outcroppings, the AEC under terms of the control con- follow float and other indications to the tract.—Phoenix Gazette main vein or ore body. Complete information includes valuable Bulletin, "Uranium Prospect- ing With Magic Mineralight". For fun or profit, anytime you're in the field you Assays from 800 acres of land located should have a MINERALIGHT. 20 miles southwest of Tonopah, Nevada, See the MINERALIGHT in indicate uranium values of from .038 to .13 action. Your MINERALIGHT percent. Surface showings of vanadium on dealer can demonstrate the the same property range from .06 to .13 various models for you and give you complete infor- percent. Discoverers of the deposits are mation on Geiger counters, Walter Viscount and Vic Smith. The latter scintillation counters, and reported that the uranium ore occurs in other prospecting equipment, several different formations and that the as well as the latest data area's most interesting feature is the great on uranium prospecting. width exposed on the bedding plane. — Humboldt Star "Fluorescence is a Fun Hobby With a Future!" A flick of the switch on your Ultra-Violet MINERALIGHT shows you a whole new world. By the distinctive glow or "Fluorescence" Professor Earle R. Caley of Ohio State under ultra-violet activation, you can identify University has evidence of a quest for ura- not only strategic minerals like uranium and nium long before anyone ever dreamed of tungsten, but find valuable collectors' the fatal atomic bomb. Caley reports that specimens to sell or trade. the Romans prized uranium as long ago as Twenty-Hvc years of Progress With UHra-Vieltt the first century after Christ. They used it in the making of glass. Fresno Gem and Mineral Society Chips.

NOVEMBER, 1955 35 Utah Uranium Firm Seeks Nevada Prospectors Say New Law Provides Mineral Mill Near Two Deposits Uranium Found in Lime Entry on Withdrawn Land Continental Uranium Co. has started ne- Added to the growing list of uranium Approximately 7,000,000 acres of public gotiations with the Atomic Energy Com- host rocks in the Tonopah, Nevada, area lands in the West will be opened to mineral mission for establishment of a mill near La was that of lime. Three prospectors, E. prospecting as the result of legislation en- Sal, San Juan County, Utah. Company offi- M. Booth, Frank J. Warren and Robert acted during the last session of Congress. cials said the proposed mill would utilize an Warren, claim that they have found ura- The measure, signed by President Eisen- acid-leach refinement process developed for nium in the fault zones of lime masses hower in August, is known as the Mining reduction of uranium ores by Blair Burwell overlying granite intrusives. The original Claims Rights Restoration Act of 1955. Sr., metallurgist. The process employs the discovery was made by Joseph Gontko of It opens to entry under the mining laws Burwell filter manufactured by Eimco Cor- Culver City, California, who sank a 15 foot public lands presently withdrawn or re- poration of Salt Lake City. shaft down one of the veins. Assays show served for p^wer development or power that ore taken from this shaft runs from .10 Reserves in Continental Uranium's open sites, and provides that public lands so to .20 percent. Goldfield News withdrawn in the future w.ll be subject to pit Rattlesnake mine have been placed at • • • 118,000 tons of ore running on the average the provisions of the act. All power rights of .3 percent uranium oxide. An additional The AEC has published two booklets for to such land.; are retained by the United 65,000 tons reserve is in Continental's sale to the public, "Prospecting for Ura- States. No. 1 mine. In order to prepare the Rattle- nium," and "Prospecting with a Counter." The bill does not open for entry any snake mine for production by March of The former sells for 55 cents and the latter, lands which are included in any project next year, the operators are moving 2,500,- 30 cents. The booklets can be obtained from being operated or constructed under a li- 000 cubic yards of over-burden from an the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. cense or permit granted under the Federal area averaging 850 by 800 feet outside Government Printing Office, Washington 25, Power Act, or under an uncanceled pre- perimeter. Average depth of the ore body D. C.—Pioche Record liminary permit for examination and survey. is 160 feet.—Dove Creek Press It also gives the Secretary of the Interior authority to hold pu lie hearings to deter- Two big uranium discoveries in Pershing mine whether placer mining operations Floyd B. Odium is financing purchase of and Churchill counties in Nevada are bright- would be detrimental to other uses of the the Cal-Uranium Corporation's mine in Big ening the future of Lovelock. One discov- lands involved. Indian District, San Juan County, Utah, ery is in Cottonwood Canyon, a location Acording to Congressman Engle of Cali- for Mountain Mesa Uranium Corporation, which straddles the Churchill-Pershing line, fornia who introduced the bill, about 95 the latter firm announced in a letter to and the second potential uranium mine is percent of the 7,000,000 acres of withdrawn stockholders.—Suit Lake Tribune located in the Velvet District 25 miles north- lands have been withdrawn from mineral west of Lovelock. That community is the entry since 1910, yet in most instances the natural outlet for future development and chances of utilization for power purposes THE PROSPECTOR'S CATALOG transportation for both deposits should they We are pleased to announce the advent of are remote. The legislation was needed, he a new Minerals Unlimited Catalog, specifi- prove to be of commercial value. There is said, to modify existing statutory procedure cally designed for the amateur or profes- a great cross fault across the country up to which had effectively blocked restoration of sional prospector. If you are interested in nine miles in length which appears to carry Geiser Counters, Mlneralights, Blowpipe Sets, land so withdrawn.—Mining Record Gohl Pan or ally of the other equipment the source of uranium. The country rock necessary to a field or prospecting trip, is rhyolite and pegmatite or rotted granite, send 5c in stamps or coin for your copy. and most of the claims are centered around .MINERALS UNLIMITED, Dept. D One of the largest specimens of super- 1724 University Ave., Berkeley, California the great flows which came out of the fault. grade uranium ore ever mined, a 103-pound Nevada State Journal piece, is on display in the Morgan Hall of Minerals and Gems at the American Mu- seum of Natural History in New York City. The specimen assays at better than 80 FROM ROCKS TO RICHES percent uranium, has a circumference of about 24 inches and is 19 inches long. As uranium ore it is worth about $1,000. "The we can supply the equipment. Mail this order and your shopping is done. uniqueness and beauty of the specimen, however, is such that it is worth much more as a display," said a museum official. ORDER BLANK Mineral composition of the specimen is black pitchblende (uranium oxide) and yel- • GEIGER COUNTER—Model DG-7 highly sensitive, rugged construction, expertly low schoepite (uranium trioxide and water). It makes an especially fine specimen because engineered — by Detectron _ - - - - *$135.00 of its "interesting association of pitchblende (Other models $37.50 to $240.00) and its yellow alteration parts," said the museum official. Chemical and Engineering • SCINTILLATION COUNTER—Model DS-288, ultra sensitive, for mobile or aerial search *$495.00 News (Other models $289.00 to $625.00)

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NOVEMBER, 1955 37 First Uranium Mill on Coast Opens in Mojave The West Coast's first uranium ore proc- Tfecv essing mill went into operation in late sum- mer at Mojave, California. McAfee and Co., consulting engineers, built the plant for the Verdi Development Co. of Los Angeles. "Skippy" Cornell, metalurgist and engineer in charge of building the mill, esti- New techniques for extracting uranium the International Conference on the peace- mated that the plant will be able to process ful uses of atomic energy at Geneva. 50 tons of ore in an eight hour shift when and thorium out of ordinary granites in it is in full production. the earth's crust have vastly extended the The secret to the extraction lies in the reserves of these atomic energy fuels. fact that they are concentrated in such a A sulphuric acid leaching process will be Whereas earlier estimates regarded the sup- way as to make their extraction a simple employed. During its initial stage of devel- ply to last from 500 to 5000 years, a power- thing.—Salt Lake Tribune opment, the mill will process only the ore • • • that is mined at Verdi's mine eight miles hungry world was assured it may count on south of the plant. The plant operators may these atomic energy reserves to last for an Monticello Mill U-Ore process the ore of other mine operations in indefinite period measured in terms of mil- Buying Schedule Revised the area at a later date, Cornell indicated. lions of years. A change in the ore buying schedule by The vital importance of the first uranium It has been known for some time that the AEC uranium processing plant at Mon- mill lies in the fact that it will make ura- immense quantities of uranium and thorium, ticello, Utah, which provides for a revision nium mining economically feasible in the the two principal natural elements from in the deductions to be applied to ores west, Cornell said. — Lancaster Ledger-Ga- which atomic power can be derived by the containing more than six percent lime, has zette process of fission, are present in igneous been announced by the Grand Junction • • • rocks, the common granite in the crust of Operations Office of the AEC. Miners at the Atlas Uranium Corpora- the earth. But, the percentage of these ele- When current construction and expansion tion's Last Chance mine have uncovered a ments in the rocks is so low they were not at the Monticello mill is completed this fall, new three-and-a-half foot ore face which considered as holding much promise as an two types of leaching circuits for treating promises to assay even higher than ore pre- economic power source. In spite of the low uranium ores will be available—acid and viously produced at the mine, company of- content of uranium and thorium in the carbonate. The Commission has decided to ficials reported. Shipments from the mine rocks, the metals can be extracted extremely establish two separate schedules for certain to date have averaged .40 percent uranium easily, Dr. Harrison Brown of the Califor- types of ores not meeting the specifications oxide. San Juan Record nia Institute of Technology, Pasadena, told of Domestic Uranium Program Circular 5, Revised. Carnotite and roscoclite type ores that meet the specifications will continue to be purchased at the Monticello buying sta- tion under the provisions of that circular. Ores, such as the high lime ores, that do not meet specifications, may be processed under ore-procurement contracts, provided Prospector's Headquarters the ores have suitable metallurgical char- GEIGER COUNTERS AND SCINTILLATORS acteristics.—Dove Creek Press The "Snooper" OeiKer counter—Model 108 $ 2».!)5 The "Lucky Strike" Geiger Counter—Model 10(> 99.50 The "Professional" Gelger Counter—Model 107 139.50 The "Special Siinlillatoi"—Model 117 299.50 The "Deluxe" Sclntlllator—Model 111B 495.00 ULTRA-VIOLET MINERALIGHTS Model NH—Operates on 110 AC only 14.75 Model M12—Operates on batteries only—with battery 40.65 Model SL-2537—Operates on batteries or 110 AC without case & batteries 39.50 With 303 case and batteries 61.00 With 404 case and batteries 66.00 CHEMICAL TEST KITS Kit for 14 Minerals (Uranium not included) 16.95 Kit for 36 Minerals (Including Uranium) 31.25 BOOKS "ProspcctiiiK With a Geiger Counter" by Wright 60 "Uranium Color Photo Tone" 1.00 "Farts You Should Know About Uranium" by R. W. Ramsey 1.00 "Uranium Prospectors Hand Book" 1.00 "The Uranium and Fluorescent Minerals" by H. C. Dake 2.00 "Popular Prospecting" by H. C. Dake 2.00 Low-Cost "Uranium, Where It Is and How to Find It" by Proctor and Hyatt 2.50 pocket-size scientific "Minerals for Atomic Energy" by Nininger - 7.50 "Let's go Prospecting" by Edward Arthur 3.50 instrument detects and tests uranium MAPS and thorium ores! Map and OeoloK.v (Uranium and Mineral Districts of California). 1.50 Ideal for Mineralogists Map of Kern County (New Section and Township) _ 1.50 Map Uranium and Minerals (The Nine Southwest States) 1.00 * \5K Prospec/ors Book and Map "Gems and Minerals of California" by McAllister 1.75 *"Yv/ \ /ssoyers — Physicists Book and Map "I^ost Mines and Treasures of the Southwest" _ 2.00 J \f Schools—Laboratories and Hobbyists This new detector is a highly sensitive OTHER SUPPLIES optical instrument for measuring the Fluorescent Minerals set—10 Specimens—boxed 2.50 amount of radio-activity in any ore. Prospectors Picks (not polished) 3.85 Guaranteed to operate with ALL urani- Prospectors Picks (polished) __ 4.10 um and thorium ores. Handy for field Mineral Specimen Boxes (35 Named Minerals) 1.50 trips, home or lab. Pocket Camp Stove . 6 95 12" Diameter Steel Gold Pan ... 1.25 NOW ONLY COMPLETE with car- rylng rase, red filter All prices F.O.B. Los Angeles cap, radio-active tost, cap, 11 i*a n iu in sample, Add 3% Sales Tax if you live in California. 4% if in Los Angeles ore chart and detailed Member of American Gem & Mineral Suppliers Association instructions. Mail Your Order Today to Dept. D-l 15 ALLEN LAPIDARY EQUIPMENT COMPANY PACIFIC TRANSDUCER CORP NUCIEAR DIVISION 3632 W. Slauson Av«. Open Monday evening until 9:00 Lot Angeles 43, California 1113* WEST PICO »LV»., LOS ANCELES 64, CALIF.

38 DESERT MAGAZINE Silver City, New Mexico . . . Grant County in New Mexico has perhaps the cleanest roadsides in the state as far as the litter of tin cans is concerned, for these cans represent the means of convert- MINES 9n4 MINING ing ore-rich water into salable copper. The cans are burned and crushed and then Washington, D. C. . . . Sacramento, California . . . thrown into the water where the soluble The United States Bureau of Mines has A national minerals stockpiling program, copper replaces the iron in the cans. Rain completed a survey of the possible effects both for purposes of national defense and waters, filtered through the waste dumps at of atomic power on the steel industry, and in the interest of the industry's economic Kennecott Copper Corporation's Chino concludes that atomic power ultimately may welfare, is one of the major topics which mines, bleed off into the draw, sending result in: a sharp shift from huge steel pro- will be discussed at the Western Governors copper-laden water down the arroyo at the duction plants to smaller productive units; Mineral Policies Conference in Sacramento, rate of 1000 to 1500 gallons each minute. a wider geographic distribution of these Nov. 7-8. The Conference will be followed Most of the tin can mining was conducted smaller steel plants; iron ore processing di- by a meeting of the Western Governors by Kennecott employees during the recent rectly on the site of the iron ore mines. In Mining Advisory Council, also at Sacra- strike period.—New Mexican mento, Nov. 9-10. Governor Knight declared • • • the era of the hydrogen bomb, the heavily that the Conference will mark the first concentrated steel industry is a vulnerable time in years that all phases of the western Caliente, Nevada . . . target for enemy planes and steel is the mining industry have joined to explore the backbone of the nation's defense production. broad basic problems affecting their inter- The Tempiute mining area, some 60 air As a result of the availability of low-cost ests and to develop recommendations look- miles west of Calienle, most noted during atomic electricity, electric-furnace produc- ing toward the establishment of a sound recent years for the intensive development tion of steel from scrap might become im- national minerals policy.—lnyo Register of tungsten deposits by the Wah Chang portant in certain major steel consuming Mining corporation, now promises rich re- centers which today produce far less steel • • • turns to quicksilver claim owners. Western than they consume or often produce no Empire Mercury and Uranium Corp. is de- steel whatsoever. The use of atomic power Elko, Nevada . . . veloping cinnabar deposits covered by 21 in conjunction with the hydrogen process Sale of 55 percent of the Diamond Jim claims. A rotary furnace to process the for reducing iron ore might move iron pro- tungsten mine near Mountain City for $100,- cinnabar will be installed in the future, the duction to the iron-ore site.—Yuma Sun 000 was reported. Involved were 37 claims company reported.—Caliente Herald • • • on approximately 600 acres in the vicinity • • • of the original Rio Tinto Mine of Mountain San Francisco, California . . . City Copper. The sale was made to the Yuba City, California . . . A new, comprehensive bulletin entitled exploration subsidiary of United States Yuba Consolidated Gold Fields Company "Geology of Southern California" has just Smelting. Refining and Mining Corp. James reports that it panned out $2,380,000 worth been released by the Division of Mines. C. Trisoliere of Sandy, Utah, developed the of gold last year from 16,895,000 cubic yards The book, consisting of 878 pages of text, property. He was grubstaked 14 months of gravel from depths as great as 124 feet 441 text figures, an index map, 60 route ago by two Salt Lake City furniture firm below stream level. The company describes maps to selected geologic trips, and 34 map owners, Ralph O. Bradley and Briant G. itself as one of two surviving out of many sheets with texts and illustrations, is the Badger. Since Trisoliere re-discovered the that turned to dredging auriferous gravel product of 103 technical experts and was ore vein which had foiled others, the three from the same California river beds where compiled and edited by Professor Richard partners have shipped eight cars of lead- strikes of surface metal kindled the historic H. Jahns of the California Institute of Tech- silver ore to the USSRM smelter at Midvale, gold rush of 1849.—Pioche Record nology. Issued as Bulletin 170 in the Divi- Utah, receiving $25,000 for them.—Nevada sion's series, the entire volume sells for $12, State Journal plus 3 percent tax for California residents. • • • Copies may be ordered from the Division's San Francisco office, Ferry Building, or may Phoenix, Arizona . . . M-SCOPE be purchased over the counter at the San Walter T. Lucking, new president of the Francisco, Los Angeles, Sacramento or Red- Arizona Public Service Co.. believes Black ding offices of the Division. Mesa coal is Arizona's most promising prime • • • source of cheap power. Lucking said his firm has found coal deposits on the mesa, Ely, Nevada . . . located on the Navajo Indian Reservation Shell Oil Co. reported recently that its in northeast Arizona. Although he sees leaning drilling derrick at Coyote Unit No. promise in nuclear and solar power sources, 1 has been righted after it began sinking into he said his firm is dedicated to bringing the the ground. The new well, seventh to be "cheapest kilowatt hour" of electric power drilled by Shell in the Currant area 65 miles to the public. "Nuclear and solar energy, southwest of Ely, reached a depth of 400 at present, simply cost too much in relation feet when the derrick began to sink. Spe- to the price that would have to be charged cial equipment was brought into the area for the resulting electricity," he said. — to correct the situation. At 1171 feet the Phoenix Gazette well ran into fresh trouble when it began to flow boiling water. All efforts to stem the flow of water failed and the well had E. A. (Bob) Montgomery, 92, well known to be capped and abandoned.—Battle Moun- mining figure and one of the developers of tain Scout the great gold mining boom in Nevada at MINERAL-METAL LOCATORS • • • the turn of the century, died in mid-August in Clovis, New Mexico.—lnyo Independent • GEIGER COUNTERS Thompson, Utah . . . Considerable tonnage of potash and mag- • SCINTILLA-SCOPES nesium is reported on the property of Cres- TREASURE HUNTERS O MINERALIGHTS cent-Eagle Oil company, eight miles south- New type metals detector. Distinguishes west of Thompson. U. S. Bureau of Mines metals from black magnetic sands. Ideal for USE OUR TIME PAYMENT PLAN locating gold nuggets, placer deposits. De- IMMEDIATE SHIPMENT officials recently predicted enough potash Locates coins, existed in the area for a chemical operation jewelry on beaches. Free if a mine could be established. — Pioche from false de- "HOW TO BE A Record tections. Each unit supplied SUCCESSFUL URANIUM with two dif- ferent search PROSPECTOR" coils. Ask for WATER? OIL? URANIUM? free litera- Send for this free booklet teday Why waste money for dry holes? ture. "While for a smal fee we GARDINER FREE NEW 1955 CATALOG GUARANTEE LOCATION AND DEPTH! ELECTRONICS CO., DEPT. DM or total fee refunded 2041 E. INilAN FISHER RESEARCH LAB. INC SCHOOL ROAD f THE GEOTEST COMPANY PHOENIX, ARIZ. PALO ALTO, CALIFORNIA 1IS3 Marney Are., Lot Angeles 32, Calif.

NOVEMBER, 1955 39 instructions precede the making of cabo- chons and pages of money saving short cuts are described. Many methods for mak- AMATEUR GEM CUTTER ing home made polishers and other equip- ment are given. The information on facet- By LELANDE QUICK, Editor of the Lapidary Journal ing is the most complete that has ever been published and it is interesting to note that On several occasions we have said that to coast. He has been writing on the sub- the author has personally cut at least one when this column was started 13 years ago ject for several years. He is a Certified gem from just about every variety of gem all the information then available on the Gemologist and, as a captain in the United material that is known. Existing knowl- subject of gem cutting could be contained States Navy, he has traveled to almost every edge has been matched by personal experi- in a cigar box, and few libraries had any- nook and cranny of the world to study his ence. thing on the subject. gems at first hand. Following the gem cutting instruction Mr. Today the picture has greatly changed and A meticulous lapidary, (as amateur facet- Sinkankas gives a section on the nature of there are now available many good books on ers learn to be) he has been just as careful gemstones, followed by a description of gem cutting, some of them selling for as in organizing his subject and the result is a every gemstone in the book and how to little as a dollar a copy. It is a poor library readable book that will enable a rank be- treat it individually in the grinding and indeed that does not have several of them. ginner to become an accomplished lapidary polishing processes. And now comes a new book that has taken simply by reading the book and doing what The last third of the book is really a all the information hitherto published, di- it says. rockhound buyers guide for it tells how to gested it, refined it, revised it and greatly Gem Cutting does a lot of debunking and collect gem materials, how and where to added to it and put it all between two cov- buy, lists the museums with gem collec- ers in a huge, well illustrated book for is built around the thesis that "anyone can cut gems" and that there is no mystery tions, other publications about gems, and $8.95; the most expensive book of its kind where the reader can go to join a club. on the market but certainly worth it. This about it. The author faces up to the fact that the hobby can be personally profitable There is a clear indication that the author fine new book sticks closely to its subject not only has done everything in a lapidary and does not go off at tangents or deal with too and openly encourages the hobbyist to pay his own way. way himself btit that he has read just about other phases of the rock hobby except to everything that was ever written on the give lists of dealers, museums, clubs, etc. The author begins by telling how the subject and put it all between the covers of new hobbyist can get help from others, how one book as no one has ever done before. While it is the most expensive of the to get started, what equipment he needs We have seen his personal library of gem many good books on the lapidary art it and how he can save money on it. Then, books and it is one of the most complete offers a lot more—nearly 400 pages of cor- rightly assuming that the beginning lapidary in the land. rect information about every lapidary step knows nothing at all about gem cutting, he —and more important, it graphically de- tells about mud saws, diamond saws and If you have no book on gem cutting— scribes with well drawn diagrams many of diamond powder and discusses and illus- get this one. If you have all of them—add the mistakes that can be made in gem this one. cutting. trates all types of blades. Such things as shafts, bearings and car- Gem Cutting—A Lapidary's Manual by It should be a good book for the author riages are explained and every phase of John Sinkankas, 397 pages with profuse is one of the best amateur gem cutters in sawing is graphically described right up to illustration and diagrams. Procurable from the country, having won prizes from coast methods of cleaning the sawed slabs. The Desert Crafts Shop, Palm Desert, California, same thing is done with grinding and lap- for $8.95 postpaid. ping and the reader learns about proper speeds and wheel dressing. No step is BLANK MOUNTINGS omitted and the sanding and polishing proc- for esses are thoroughly covered. It takes five And then there is a new book for the chapters and nearly 100 pages to cover these person who is just acquiring an interest in AGATE JEWELRY subjects. rocks but who is not at this time interested WHOLESALE in cutting and polishing them. This new Bead making, drilling and sphere making book is titled How to Know the Minerals Rings — Ear Wires — Tie Chains and Rocks. Authored by an experienced Cuff Links — Neck Chains writer in the rock literature field. Dr. Rich- Bezel — devices — Shanks ard M. Pearl, it has 192 profusely illustrated Solder — Findings FAMOUS TEXAS PLUMES pages (several in color) and it is priced at Red Plume, Black Plume, Pom $3.50. Send stamp for price list No. 3 Pom and many other types of agate. Slabs sent on approval This practical, basic field guide to more O. R. JUNKINS & SON for deposit or reference. Free price list on rough agate. than 125 of the most important minerals 440 N.W. Beach St. is the best book yet to appear for the begin- NEWPORT OREGON WOODWARD RANCH Box 453, Alpine, Texas ner who needs basic information that is easily readable and understandable. Each page presents one mineral accom- panied by a well drawn diagram. Keys to its identification, characteristics, locations and interesting information about it is con- MOTEL CALICO cisely offered. Is located in the center of the rockhounds' and photographers' rendezvous Outstanding in this unique guide are the 9 miles E. of Barstow, California on Hiwy. 91 at Daggett Road. author's four keys to recognizing rocks and From Motel Calico it is seven keys to recognizing minerals. Even 3.5 Mi. to Knott's Calico ghost town (Minerals, Silver, Lead & Gold) many advanced collectors have difficulty 3.5 Mi. to Jasper Peak (Red Jasper) recognizing common rocks but with these 4 Mi. to Odessa Canyon (Minerals, Agate & Copper) handy keys recognition of the more familiar 4.5 Mi. to Mule Canyon (Petrified Palm root & Borax) specimens becomes a systematic procedure. 10 Mi. to Agate Hill (Agate) The book is a great improvement over 15 Mi. to Fossil Beds (Sea Fossils) earlier texts on the subject. Written • for the 25 Mi. to Manix & Alvord Mts (Palm Wood) beginner it will prove a delight to the ad- 35 Mi. to Pisgah Crater (Obsidian & Agate) vanced collector and it is a big value in 40 Mi. to Lavic (Jasper & Moss Agate) today's book market. Come and enjoy our smog free desert atmosphere Two people $5.00 & $0.50 a night Four people $7.00 & $8.00 a night Pets $3.00 Extra AUSTRALIAN FIRE OPAL All types in stock. Blue, green, Jelly, white, Tiled Kitchens available—Electric ranges and refrigerators. You rest opal chips. Faceting material, slabs, fine in quiet, insulated, individually heated units. Informative Brochure specimens. Opal prices on request. mailed on request. H. A. IVERS 1400 N. Hacienda Blvd., Phone OXford 71248 Phone Barstow 3467 Box 6105, Yermo, California ha Habra, California.

40 DESERT MAGAZINE A club for persons who live too far from rockhound organizations to be active mem- bers is being formed in Texas. Name of the new club is the Rolling Rock Club and two dollars dues can be sent to Frank Woodward, Jr., 2503 Polk Street, Wichita Falls, Texas. The club was organized following a consti- tutional amendment to the Texas Federa- tion of Mineral Societies, Inc., barring membership to rockhounds who were not affiliated with some local club or society. Members of the Rolling Rocks will be eli- gible to join the T.F.M.S. and will have a Tftuck fo Se

NOVEMBER, 1955 41 FIRE AGATE—ground to show the fire, you finish it. $2, $3 and $5 each. B&H ADVERTISING RATE Rock Shop, 2005 N. Big Spring St., Mid- GEfll mflRT 12c a word . , . Minimum $2.00 land, Texas. ILLUSTRATED SLIDE LECTURE—Spe- cimens, "Hunting Lake Superior Agates." Will be in Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, OPALS AND SAPPHIRES rough, direct ATTENTION ROCK COLLECTORS. It California area, January, February. $25. from Australia. Cutting opal. 1 ounce will pay you to visit the Ken-Dor Rock Send day, dates, before December 15. $5, $10, $20, $30 and $60. Blue sap- Roost. We buy. sell, or exchange mineral Mr. and Mrs. Simon Segal, M.R. 97. phires, 1 ounce $10, $30 and $60. Star specimens. Visitors are always welcome. Chesterton, Indiana. sapphires 12 stones $10, $20, and $30, Ken-Dor Rock Roost, 419 Sutter, Mo- etc. Post free and insured. Send inter- desto, California. FOR SALE: Genuine Sample of Uranium national money order, bank draft. Aus- from New Mexico mines. Approved by tralian Gem Trading Co., 49 Elizabeth COLORADO MINERAL specimens, cut- AEC. $1.00, postpaid. Cavern City Rock St., Melbourne, Australia. Free list of ting and tumbling materials. Send 2 cent Shop, 303 N. Mesa, Carlsbad, N. M. all Australian stones rough and cut, 16 pp. stamp for list and terms. Dealers please write for wholesale list. lohn Patrick, GENUINE TURQUOISE: Natural color, Idaho Springs, Colorado. CHRISTMAS IS NEAR. Send for our cat- blue and bluish green, cut and polished alogue and learn to make your own gem- cabochons — 25 carats (5 to 10 stones ROUGH NEVADA Turquoise suitable for stone jewelry. Sierra Gems, 16230 according to size) $3.50 including tax, cutting. Mixed blue and green. All pieces Orchard Ave, Garden:!, California. postpaid in U.S.A. Package 50 carats (10 large enough for jewelry settings. Two to 20 cabochons) $6.15 including tax, oz. $2.00. Write Chuck lohnson, P. O. ICELANDSPAR—double refracting rhom- postpaid in U.S.A. Elliott Gem & Mineral Box 38, Fernley. Nevada. behedron-type crystals. Several crystals Shop, 235 E. Seaside Blvd., Long Beach — 50c. Send for catalog with other 2, California. NOTICE: After August first we will be minerals listed. No CODs. Satisfaction located at 2020 North Carson St., Carson guaranteed. Ryzelite Minerals. Box 455, GEMS A-PLENTY: Beautiful baroque City, Nevada. Mail address, P.O. Box Golden, Colorado. gems, large variety, tumble polished all 117. Gold Pan Rock Shop, John L. and over, $10.00 for one pound (about 100 Etta A. James, prop. STOP AND SEE US—we have minerals, stones). 10 lbs. of top grade gemstone rough and slab material, 32 varieties of prepaid for $7.00. Wholesale price to LOOK—3-month special on tumbled and finest baroques and jewerly. Priced to dealers on baroque gems and gemstone polished gem baroques—lb. $3.95, mixed sell. P. G. Nichols, Shady Acres Trailer in the rough. Satisfaction guaranteed on variety—'4 lb. $1.10, slabs—15c sq. in. Court. 1302 W. Casa Grande Rd.. Tucson, every sale. San Fernando Valley Gem Dixie Rock Shop, 3245 Prospect Ave., Arizona. Co., 5905 Kester Ave., Van Nuys, Calif. So. San Gabriel, California. PIEDMONTITE—Rare, deep red manga- BEAUTIFUL FREE GOLD — Specimens McSHAN'S GEM SHOP—open part time, niferous epidote in crystal groups, from $1.00 each. Return if not satisfied. Prices or find us by directions on door. Cholla Peavine, Nevada. 25c to $4 each, post- to dealers. J. N. Reed, Box 102, Cabazon, cactus wood a specialty, write for prices. paid. Also Piedmontite Micromounts. California. 1 mile west on U. S. 66, Needles, Cali- Dealers inquire. In Reno, Phone 3-1429. fornia. Box 22. Frey Mineral Enterprises, Box 9090, STOP at the new Ironwood Rock Shop. 7 Reno, Nevada. miles west of Blythe, California, Highway GOLD—Choice crystallized gold in white 60-70. Many new rocks and minerals. quartz from Grass Valley, California. $500 WILL BUY my private collection of 1% oz. piece 90% crystallized gold 194- 3 selected minerals including 500 cabochons, FINE CRYSTALLIZED minerals and mas- inches by 1-inch—$75. \ A oz. piece 2- complete lapidary equipment, shelves and sive ore specimens direct from western inches by 1-inch crystallized gold and cases. Worth $1500. Come and see. J. mines. Mineralights, fluorescent speci- pyrite — $30. 1-inch piece crystallized C. Lasley, 564 N. San Antonio, Pomona, mens and specimen kits for prospectors. gold—$18. Others—gold in quartz Vi- California. No cutting material handled. Write for inch to 21/2-inches — $3 to $20 each. free list. Rocky Mountain Minerals, Dept. Postpaid. Insured. Frey Mineral Enter- GEMS OF THE DESERT —Baroques — D, Box 1204, Idaho Falls, Idaho. prises, Box 9090, Reno, Nevada. nicely polished, tumbled variety, petrified woods, agates, jasper agates, rhodenite and many others. General mixture all types and sizes, $7.00 per pound. Dealer's prices available. Golden West Gem Com- SAWS I GRINDS! HILlflUIST SLABBING SAWS pany, 7355 Lankershim Blvd., North SANDS! BUFFS! | 12" bench model, $72 1 Everything in- 16" floor model, $110 Hollywood, California. cluded except I 20" floor model, $155 motor. Uses all Real rockhounds saws FLAT LAP. Factory made. Two speeds. Hillquistocces-I 7

DESERT MAGAZINE William Bingham of the Minneiott Min- eral Club was elected president of the Mid- west Federation of Mineralogical and Geo- logical Societies at that organization's an- nual convention. Other officers elected wer« Arthur Anderson, Minnesota Mineral Club, vice president; Bernice Wienrank, Chicago Rocks and Minerals Society, secretary; Or- val Fether, Earth Science Club of Northern Agate is extremely popular among rock- family of minerals the hobbyist must have Illinois, treasurer; Dr. Ben Hur Wilson, hounds and rightly so. It has great variety, considerable equipment which is both ex- Mineralogist Society of Joliet, historian. beauty, hardness and can be collected with pensive and quite bulky which prevents many comparative ease. But, agate isn't every- from enjoying this part of the hobby. thing. Deep red or orange-red soil of northern In order to cut and polish the quartz Fortunately there are other vistas open California is indicative of serpentine areas, to the truly enthusiastic and persistent rock- the Gem and Mineral Society of San Mateo hound which permit as much, if not more, County, California, learned at a recent meet- ROCK HOBBY INTRODUCED IN enjoyment than that of producing gems. ing. Speaker was Salem J. Rice, assistant BOOK BY DAVID E. JENSEN These people depend on that superior artist, mining geologist for the State Division of Both amateur and experienced rockhounds Nature, to supply lovely and beautiful gems Mines. The blue jade found on the Vonsen will find My Hobby Is Collecting Rocks and before they are modified by human hands. ranch in Marin County is altered from ser- Minerals a valuable addition to their librar- The hobbyist can start a collection of pentine, the speaker said, while the nephrite ies. The book was written by David E. crystals. By search, purchase and trade, he of Monterey County and jadeite of San Jensen, director of geology of Ward's Nat- can build this collection into an outstand- Benito County are found in close associa- ural Science Establishment, an organization ing one, enjoyed alike by those versed in tion with serpentine. (From Gems, bulletin serving the geological and biological sciences. mineralogy and those who have no knowl- of the Gem and Mineral Society of San The author wrote the book with an eye edge about gems at all. A mineral group Mateo County.) toward making the rock hobby inviting to can also be established. The pleasure de- people in search of a fascinating pastime. rived from the finding or acquiring of Highly detailed data and difficult termin- beautiful and rare specimens of the minerals ology are omitted. Here is a book that is a lasting one. DIAMOND BLADES presents the horse sense side of a hobby Two subdivisions of collecting are those 'Tresl MOi.rs.lf to the bell" which amateurs are always prone to believe known as thumb nail and micro-mounts. Heavy-Duty Super Standard experienced collectors are born with. The former consists of specimens that are Snper-Chgd. Charged Charged The author, whenever possible, tries to large enough to be observed by the naked <;•• Si $ 9.03 « 7.98 save the hobbyist money by describing easy eye while the latter must be examined with 8" 11.50 10.44 at least a medium-powered microscope. 10" 15.23 1 1.02 and inexpensive ways to collect, identify, 12" 22.26 18.53 polish, display and clean minerals. When Those who engage in these hobbies claim 1 1" 29. -10 25.67 a certain phase of the hobby demands a that the smaller specimens carry much more 1fi" 32.76 29.08 purchase, the best source for such materials beauty and interest than the larger ones. 18" 65.60 43.20 30.12 20" 77.05 51.97 3H.84 are given. Several mineral charts are in- To the above variations of the hobby can 24" 93.24 65.73 51.40 cluded in the book along with over 100 be added the making of colored slides of 30" 149.62 125.73 mineral specimen photographs. rocks and minerals for projection on a 36" 22(i.()(l 188.05 Stale Arbor Size Published by the Hart Book Company, screen; the collection and preservation of Sales Tax in California Inc.. of New York City. New York; 122 vari-colored sands; the collection of Indian pages with illustrations and charts; $2.95. rock artifacts; the collection of meteorilcs; Allow for Postage and • • • and the gathering of beach pebbles. The Covington BalSail Bearing Grinder Star rubies contain six rays of light. The most interesting feature of these hobbies is mid shields an only 12-ray star ruby known was found in the study of the nature and composition of furnished Ceylon in 1948 and weighs 25.2 carats. A the materials which, sad to stale, is ignored sizes and six ray star ruby that size would be worth by far too many rockhounds.—H. L. Zollars r;inges to suit about $7500. — Minnesota Mineral Club's in El Paso, Texas, Mineral and Gem So- y o 11 r v <* (i 11Ire- Rock Rustler's News ciety's The Voice. ments. Water ; grit proof. COVINGTON 8" TRIM SAW

ami motor are com- Fellcer DI-MET pact and do not splash. Save blades and clothing with tAPWAM'EQUIPMENT this saw. Diamond Blades • Core Drills • Machines BUILD YOUR OWN LAP Felker DI-MET and SAVE with a COV- RIMLOCK BLADES INGTON 12" or 16" Lap Accepted for years as the Kit. We furnish eyery- standard for fast, smooth n DH-1— Operates like a longer ultimate life and un- 12", 14" circular saw, but blade or Hi" usually fast cutting. Usually dips into coolant stored preferred in production cut- Power Feed ting. Diameters from 2" Diamond Blade Can't run dry! Slab Maws through 12" Uses 6" or 8" Di-Met Rimlock or Metal onded Blades, Includes SAVE Felker DI-MET Diamond ind angle fen.ces. BLADES Abrasive CORE DRILLS-Drills rock samples in a few seconds. •oflob/e-Wrifo fo rirtula Used by the V. S. Government Produces exceptionally smooth, on all Di-Mct equipment! straight holes and removable Send for New Catalog, IT'S PREB cores. Dritl diameters from VB" FELKER MANUFACTURING CO. DEALERS WANTED to 2y ". 2 Torrance, California Covington Lapidary Eng. IlKDIANim I) CALIFORNIpy A I), CALIFORNIA

NOVEMBER, 1955 43 The Colorado Mineral Society elected SAN DIEGO MAN RECEIVES A CLUSTER OF JEWELS the following officers at a recent meeting: BRITISH GEM DEGREE By B. M. COLE Jim Hurlbut, president; Algird Stephan, first vice president; Ralph Ellis, second vice Edward J. Soukup recently became the If understanding is a cluster president; Mrs. Gladys Cameron, secretary- fifth member of the San Diego, California, Of seven sparkling jewels, treasurer; Mrs. Jeanette Clark, correspond- Mineral and Gem Society to receive the Then patience, like a ruby smiles ing secretary; and Jack Britton, Muriel Col- degree of Fellow of the Gemmological As- And brightness overrules. burn, George Harvey, Bill Hayward, Law- sociation of Great Britain. Word was received And kindness, like an opal gleams rence Oliver and Mrs. Helen Owens, direc- by the club that Soukup was successful in On faults that cloud the needs; tors. Mineral Minutes the examination required for the degree And tolerance, like a pearl forgets which is given by the British Gemmological My neighbor's wrongs and deeds. Association of London. Moonstones have the power to see One's purpose and mistakes The largest star sapphire known was The San Diego club holds the unique dis- tinction of having five FGAs, for there are To find the cause of the heart's intent found in Australia in 1948. It weighs 1156 only about 20 persons in the United States And relieve the pains and aches. carats. — Minnesota Mineral Club's Rock with the degree and 200 in the world. The Forgiveness is like a bright sapphire Rustler's News other San Diego FGAs are Jeanne Martin, Releasing the other's aim, Maxine Scott, Ann Kochel and Charles Absolving guilt and finding peace, Parsons. Freeing the soul from shame. Meanwhile, the club announced that its Goodness, like onyx, reflects the tint first year class in Gemology began in mid- And gives credit for the best; October. Advanced students began their And love, like gold, as the setting, second year class at the same time. Holds the motive in the breast. —Verdugo Hills, California, Gem and Min- • • • eral Society's Rockhound News and Views New officers of the East Bay, California, Mineral Society were installed recently. They included Robert Chisholm, president; Clarence Wall, vice president; Juanita Di- TRUE OR FALSE ANSWERS Vita, secretary; Betty Patterson, editor; Mrs. Questions are on page 29 Harold Ladwig, librarian: Dennis Patterson, 1—True. 2—True. program chairman; Frank Wilcox, field trip 3—False. Major Powell was first to chairman; and Sidney Smyth, property chair- run boats through Grand Canyon. man. For the third year in a row the East 4—False. Wupatki National Monu- Bay club took first place for mineral entries ment is in Arizona. at the California State Federation show. 5—True. 6—False. The pinyon grows in the November 5-6 are the dates for the Upper Sonoran zone only. Montebello, California, Mineral and Lapi- 7—False. The Colorado Desert is in dary Society's annual show. The affair takes California. place at Moose Hall, 122 So. 22nd St., 8—False. The Comstock lode was Montebello. near Virginia City. 9—True. 10—False. Snowflake often has win- ter snows. HILLQUIST I 1—False. Gen. Kearny's Army of ALTA INDUSTRIES the West crossed at Yuma. 2133 W. Encanto Blvd., Phoenix, Arizona 12—False. Beavertail's spines arc • Put the Hillquist Gemmaster beside any lapidary very small, but very potent. machine — cheaper, flimsy "gadgets" or units that LAPIDARY EQUIPMENT 13—True. 14—True. sell at twice the price. Compare construction! Com- MANUFACTURE AND DESIGN 15—False. Padre Escalantc was first pare ease of operation! Compare how much you to explore the present region of get for your money and you'll say, "I'll take the Utah. Gemmaster!" New 10-12 inch powerfeed slabbing saw unit. 16—True. Here is a worthy companion for our larger and 17—False. Palm trees will not long more expensive Hillquist Compact Lapidary Unit. 16-18 inch powerfeed slabbing saw survive without water at their Tho smaller in size, the Hillquist Gemmaster has units. roots. many of the same features. It's all-metal with spun 8 and 10 inch trim saw units. 18—True. 19—True. aluminum tub. You get a rugged, double-action rock 20—False. Indian women formed clamp, not a puny little pebble pincher. You get a Plain and ball bearing belt sanders. full 3" babbitt sleeve bearing and ball thrust bear- their pottery with their hands. ing. You get a big 7" Super Speed diamond saw Send postal for free literature. and all the equipment you need to go right to work. USES ALL ACCESSORIES You can use all the regular Hillquist accessories with the Gemmaster: The Hillquist Facetor, Sphere Cutters, Laps, Drum and Disc Sanders, etc. WRITE FOR FREE CATALOG 0 I COMPLETE, READY TO USE! YOU GET All THIS- p

BIG 7" Diamond Saw • 6" x 1" Grinding Bracelets, Rings, Necklaces, Earrings Wheel - 6 "Felt Buff • 6" Backing Wheel and Brooches 6" Disc Sander • Double-action Rock Clamp • Oil Feed Cup • Water Feed SPECIALLY SELECTED STONES WITH Hose & Clamp • Dop Sticks & Dop Wax* Polish, Compound, Etc. CHOICE COLORS AND PICTURES

BUILT FOR LONG SERVICE' Write for Folder With Prices No other low-cost lap unit gives you full 3" sleeve bearing, ball thrust bearing and pressure lubrication. ELLIOTT'S GEM SHOP 235 East Seaside Blvd. Long Beach 2, California / ZfA Across from West End of Municipal Auditorium Grounds Hours 10 a.m. to 9 p.m. Daily Except Monday

44 DESERT MAGAZINE NEW MINERAL FOUND IN COLORLESS RUTILE PERFECTED, synthetic gem material more closely resem- SEARLES LAKE, CALIFORNIA bles diamond than any other material yet GREATLY RESEMBLES DIAMOND produced by man. A new mineral, galeite, has been discov- Since the first appearance of synthetic One drawback to the new material is ered in Searles Lake near Trona, California. gem rutile (titania) a few years ago, labora- that it is reportedly softer than the present Verification of the new mineral was made tory studies have been made to produce a rutile. It is not yet on the market.—The through the joint efforts of Adolph Pabst, Mineralogist professor of mineralogy at the University of colorless form of this material. The material California; Dwight Sawyer, process engineer now on the market has a distinct yellowish at American Potash and Chemical Corpora- cast which detracts from the gem. tion's Trona plant; and George Switzer, It was recently announced that a water- INDIAN JEWELRY curator of minerals at the Smithsonian In- white rutile has been produced. This new Made by the Hopi, Navajo and stitution, Washington, D. C. material is a stromtium titanate with an Zuni Indians Galeite appears as minute white hexag- index of refraction and a dispersion almost Wholesale only onal crystals with a maximum diameter of the same as that of diamond. Hence the INDIAN CRAFTS about one millimeter. The mineral bears a new material will compare favorably with Wickenburg » Arizona resemblance to schairerite, to which it is the diamond in brilliance and fire. This closely related. The new mineral was named after Wil- liam A. Gale, assistant to the vice president in charge of Research for American Potash LINDE 'A' RUBY POWDER $3.70 PER IB. and Chemical who was director of research For a LIMITED TIME the factory has asked us to sell "factory seconds" of this wonderful polish- at Trona when traces of the mineral were ing agent which normally sells for $20 per Ib. Actual professional tests show this to be perfect first discovered. Searles Lake is the source for polishing cabochons and for use in tumbling barrels. DEALERS WRITE FOR DETAILS. of raw materials for American's main plant QUANTITY IS LIMITED but we should be able to fill orders until Jan. 1, 1956. 8 oz. $2.00; at Trona. 1 Ib. $3.70; 5 lbs. for only $13.90. Efforts were made to identify the mineral in 1949 when it was first noticed in drill cores from the lake. Dr. Switzer was fur- nished with samples and data of the material, TIN OXIDE $1.50 PER POUND but investigation was dropped after prelim- If you buy $5 worth of Basic Lapidary Supplies from the following list. A $10 purchase entitles inary surveys.—Inyo Independent you to buy 2 lbs. Tin Oxide at $1.50 per Ib. A $25 purchase entitles you to buy 5 lbs. of Tin Oxide. NORTON CRYSTOLON GRINDING WHEELS . . . A new semi-precious stone, Arizonite, has Size 6xV2" 6x1" 8x1" 8xl'/2" 10x11/2" been found in the Arizona desert by an 80 grit $7.50 Encinitas rockhound, Fred Harvey. The 100 grit $2.65 $3.60 $5.35 7.50 $11.35 apple-green quartz-type rock has an extreme 220 grit 2.95 3.95 5.95 8.25 12.50 hardness and was found in a mass of up- heaved volcanic rock. Exact location of 320 grit 3.35 4.50 6.70 9.40 14.20 Harvey's find was not revealed. San Diego, Shipping weight 2 lbs. 3 lbs. 5 lbs. 6 lbs. 9 lbs. California, Lapidary Society Shop Notes and Crystolon Wheel Dressing Brick 6"x2"xl" 95c News • • • CRYSTOLON ABRASIVE for the Lapidary . . . The Sacramento, California, Mineral So- Grit Size 1 Pound 5 Lb. Lots 10 Lb. Lots 25 Lb. Lots ciety will stage its annual show at the Turn 80. 100, 120, 180, 220 $ .83 $ .52 $ .39 $ .30 Verein Hall, 3349 J St., Sacramento, on 2F (320), 3F (400).... 38 .57 .41 .32 Nov. 5-6. Graded 400 1.09 .73 .57 .48 Graded 600 1.35 .94 .78 .69 STATEMENT REQUIRED BY THE ACT OF AUGUST 24, 1912, AS AMENDED BY THE ACTS OF MARCH 3, 1933, AND JULY 2, 1S)4« DURITE (Silicon Carbide) ROLL SANDING CLOTH— (Title 89, United States Code, Section 233) Available in 120, 220, 320 grits SHOWING THE OWNERSHIP, MANAGE- Dry Rolls MENT, AND CIRCULATION OF The Desert Magazine published monthly at 2" wide, 25 ft. long—$2.00; 150-foot roll—$ 9.00 Palm Desert, California, for October 1, 1955. 3" wide, 15 ft. long— 2.00; 150-foot roll— 13.25 1. The names and addresses of the publisher, editor, managing editor, and business managers 10" wide, 5 ft. long— 2.00; 150-foot roll— 39.77 are: Publisher, Desert Press, Inc., Palm Desert, California. Editor, Randall Henderson, Palm 12" wide, 5 ft. long— 2.25; 150-foot roll— 47.70 Desert, California. Business manager, Bess Stacy, Palm Desert, California. Wet Rolls 2. The owner is: (If owned by a corporation, 3" wide, 10 ft. long—$2.00; 150-foot roll—$21.60 its name and address must be stated and also immediately thereunder the names and ad- 10" wide, 40 in. long— 2.60; 150-foot roll— 71.25 dresses of stockholders owning or holding 1 percent or more of total amount of stock. If not DURITE SANDING CLOTH in round disks . . . owned by a corporation, the names and ad- dresses of the individual owners must be given. Available in 120, 150, 180, 220, 330 grits If owned by a partnership or other unincor- Wet Dry porated firm, its name and address, as well as that of each individual member, must be given.) 6" 5 for $1.00; 25 for $ 3.90 8 for $1.00; 25 for $ 2.25 Lena Clements, Clifford W. Henderson, Cyria A. Henderson, Randall Henderson, Kvonne Rid- 8" 3 for 1.10; 25 for 7.00 5 for 1.00; 25 for 4.10 dell, Nina M. Shumway and Bess Stacy of Palm 10" 2 for 1.15; 25 for 11.00 3 for 1.00; 25 for 6.45 Desert, Calif.; Martin Moran, lndio, Calif., Vera L. Henderson, Los Angeles, Calif.; Philip T. 12" 2 for 1.65; 25 for 16.00 2 for 1.00; 25 for 9.45 Henderson, Pasadena, Calif. 3. The known bondholders, mortgagees, and CONGO OR FELKER DI-MET DIAMOND BLADES other security holders owning or holding 1 per- cent or more of total amount of bonds, mort- 4" diameter by .205" thick $ 7.80 10" diameter by .040" thick $14.80 gages, or other securities are: Bank of America, 6" diameter by .205" thick 7.80 12" diameter by .040" thick 18.20 lndio, California. amet9r 4. Paragraphs 2 and 3 include, in cases where 6" diameter by .032" thick 7.80 !«" * * fZ *}*•" ".20 the stockholder or security holder appears upon ' 16" diameter by .050 thick _ 28.60 the books of the company as trustee or in any other fiduciary relation, the name of the per- 8" diameter by .032" thick 10.40 20" diameter by .060" thick 39.20 son or corporation for whom such trustee is 8" diameter by .040" thick 11.40 24" diameter by .060" thick 50.60 acting; also, the statements in the two para- graphs show the affiant's full knowledge and When ordering please state arbor hole size belief as to the circumstances and conditions ALL PRICES F.O.B. PASADENA - ADD 3% SALES TAX IF YOU LIVE IN CALIFORNIA under which stockholders and security holders who do not appear upon the books of the com- Member of American Gem and Mineral Suppliers Association pany as trustees, hold stock and securities in a capacity other than that of a bona fide owner. RANDALL HENDERSON, Editor Sworn to and subscribed before me this 26th GRIEGER'S day of September, 1955. LOIS E. ROY 1633 EAST WALNUT STREET PASADENA 4, CALIFORNIA (My commission expires May 18, 1958.)

NOVEMBER, 1955 45 Hetween l/ou and Me

ff,

By RANDALL HENDERSON

EL PASO, Texas, comes the news report that force its growth, the rubber just wasn't there to make it a process has been perfected for converting the feasible economically. stalks of the greasewood, or creosote bush, into a I hope the stockholders in the El Paso venture can composition board which can be used for making table afford to lose what they deserve to lose in this ill-conceived tops, radio cabinets and interior finish lumber. creosote venture. According to the report, the company which has been * * * formed to start manufacturing the new composition wood From a Naturalist, I have learned more about this will require a half section of creosote bush for each day's desert in an evening's reading than in 40 years of tramping operation—150 square miles a year. over the arid terrain. I have been reading Joseph Wood Why? oh why do we humans have to learn everything Krutch's latest book, The Voice of the Desert. It is a the hard way? By this time it seems we should know the most revealing story about the lowly things of this desert tragic penalty in soil erosion and flood damage that must land. be paid when timber is stripped off the watersheds, and For instance, the dippodomy, which we call the kan- the dust-bowl consequences of tearing up the roots which garoo rat, is the one animal which lives out its life without hold together the soil of the great plains. any known source of moisture. Other rodents derive water For the sake of a few added dollars of monetary from the plants and insects they eat. But dippo will thrive wealth, which this generation does not need, it is pro- on a diet that consists of nothing but dry seeds. posed to create for future generations of Americans a From Krutch I have gained a new respect for the desert which not only would be as arid as the great Salt colorful lichens which grow on the shady sides of rocks Desert of Utah, but which through erosion would become everywhere. Lichen not only is the most primitive form too sterile to grow anything for ages to come. of plant life, but it also is among the oldest. It was lichen To me this is a monstrous thing. It recalls something which pioneered the way for the trees and flowers which that happened on the Arizona desert 40 years ago. The cover the mountainside today. laboratory technicians had figured out a process for con- Study of the natural phenomena of this earth serves verting the stalks of ocotillo into a long list of by-products, to instill reverence for the Creator of it all. I have ranging from perfume to an extra high grade of resin. A wondered why the schools of theology do not devote more group of promoters raised the necessary capital and built attention to the study of Nature. The word of God should a processing plant at Quartzsite. Then they sent a crew be taught, yes, but is it not also very important to seek out to harvest the ocotillo. All went well for a few days to understand works of God as disclosed in the lowly —until they had stripped all the ocotillo off the immediate things of this earth? I hope the time will come when the landscape. Then they discovered something that appar- old prejudices against the theory of evolution will be for- ently no one had thought of before. They found that the gotten, and the temples of religion—all religions—will be cost of harvesting and transporting the ocotillo from a places where human beings may be made intimately distance was so great it ate up all the profits. And that aware of the miracles of creation which are taking place was the end of the get-rich-quick venture in ocotillo. every day in the world about us. According to the clippings I have on my desk, the * * * Texas company is basing its plans on the assumption that This is being written early in October. Another hot a new crop of creosote may be matured every seven years. summer has passed. The summer is a boresome period Perhaps it will, under forced watering—but there may be only for those who have failed to set up personal goals a flaw in that idea, also. Desert holly, grown under which keep them busy and active. Temperatures up to natural conditions, may be cut for decorative purposes 115 degrees are no hardship to an active mind and a (only on private lands with the owner's consent) and busy body. will remain crisp and fresh looking for weeks. Grown Autumn is the most delightful season of the year in by irrigation it wilts in three days. the arid country. Wind, and perhaps summer storms, During World War II the United States government have swept the canyons and mesas clean, awaiting the spent millions of dollars cultivating the rubber plant of weekends when you and I will have the opportunity to the desert—guayule—as a possible emergency source of put on our hiking boots and go exploring for the some- rubber. The experiment was a total flop. Grown under times strange and often beautiful creations of the natural natural conditions guayule has a high content of rubber. world. A secluded desert canyon is a friendly and gracious But when they planted it in fields and used irrigation to temple of learning for those who come with humility.

46 DESERT MAGAZINE PREHISTORIC DWELLERS IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST First Inhabitants of Arizona and BOOKS°W>'$OOWMST the Southwest, by the acknowledged dean of southwestern archeologists, KNOWLEDGE OF OUTDOORS NAVAIO STORY FOR Byron Cummings, is "an authoritative INCREASES SAFETY. FUN THE VERY YOUNG study of the lives, customs, arts and Knowledge of the outdoors serves Nezbah was a little Navajo Indian crafts of pre-historic dwellers in the as a two-edged sword: it increases the girl — and everywhere she went, her great southwest." As the author states: pleasure that an outing brings and pro- small black lamb followed her. Nez- "the purpose of this volume is to bring tects the camper from serious injury. bah's Lamb, by Edith J. Agnew and before the young students and the pub- An extensive collection of this knowl- with drawings by Jean Martinez, is a lic an outline of the life and attain- edge is presented by Mary V. Hood delightful story for the kindergarten ments of the people who occupied the in Outdoor Hazards, Real and Fancied. age. Nezbah lived in Arizona in a great Southwest before the coming of the Spaniards into this region." Only a few of the reptiles, mammals, hogan with her mother and father and birds, insects and plants encountered older brother. One day they went to Profusely illustrated with photo- in the desert, mountains or seashore visit the mission hospital and the little graphs and colored plates, especially are a threat to man. The rest are harm- black lamb followed. The story of in the pottery section, First Inhabitants less and some even beneficial. This how the lamb helped the nurse, and covers Dr. Cummings' half century of fact is a well known one, yet without both Nezbah and the lamb ended up intensive exploration in the ruins of the ability to distinguish the harmful with pretty white bandages is told in Arizona, Utah, New Mexico and Mex- from the harmless, the ignorant camper ico. He clearly interprets the origin of can spend a miserable vacation quak- simple text and illustrated with large, colorful drawings. the peoples, their homes, agriculture ing in fear of all animals and plants. and mining; the implements, weapons, Often this leads to a futile and harmful The author has spent two summers textiles, ornaments and pottery used, campaign of wholesale extermination. in the west doing research in the Nav- and the religion they practiced. This Mrs. Hood, at present consultant ajo country for her Indian stories for will become a classic for the student of at Yosemite National Park where she youngsters. The artist's illustrations Southwestern archeology. has directed groups of young campers are sure to captivate the children, with for more than a decade, clearly de- their color of true Navajo dress. Published by the Cummings Publi- scribes the animals and plants we Published by Friendship Press. 32 cation Council, Tucson, Arizona. 251 should avoid and, if not successful in pages. $1.25 cloth bound; 75 cents pages. Photographs, colored plates, this, how to treat the wounds received paper. drawings, charts, bibliography. $6.00. from them. She also touches on the elements — another potential friend that must be treated with understand- ing. A6AIN AVAILABLE Outdoor Hazards lists the things campers should unlearn, too, the myths The Great Literary Guild Selection of 1933 and superstitions that increase the haz- ards of the outdoors. The reader happily discovers that woodmancraft is not the exclusive The Journey of property of the savage—a sixth sense born with the person, but rather that it is simply knowledge—a knowledge that is within easy reach of anyone The Flame anxious to make that next camping trip more enjoyable. By ANTONIO DE FIERRO BLANCO Published by the Macmillan Com- Now revealed to be WALTER NORDHOFF pany, New York. Drawings by Don Perceval. Special section on reference Illustrated by Ramon Martinez material, index, 242 pages, $3.95. Books reviewed on this page are available at THE THREE CALIFORNIAS of 150 years ago form the primitive and Desert Crafts Shop, Palm Desert savage setting for this remarkable book. Add three percent sales tax on orders to be sent to California FACT AND FICTION bring to life the feudal world of the hidalgo sons of the conquistadores. Looking for a PUBLISHER? Do you have a book-length manuscript you would like to have published? Learn about THIS BEST SELLER is consistently rated the most treasured book in our unusual plan whereby your book can be the private libraries of those who love the Desert Southwest. published, promoted and distributed on a professional basis. We consider all types of work-—fiction, biography, poetry, scholarly and religious books, etc. New authors wel- Mail Your Requests in Today to come. For more information, write for valu- able booklet D. It's free. VANTAGE PRESS, INC. DESERT CRAFTS SHOP, PALM DESERT, CALIFORNIA 6356 Hollywood Blvd., Hollywood 28, Calif. Main Office: New York 1, N. Y. $3.75 (add three percent sales tax on California orders)

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