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Coal Mine Methane Country Profiles, June 2015
Disclaimer The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency does not: a) Make any warranty or representation, expressed or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained in this report, or that the use of any apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this report may not infringe upon privately owned rights; or b) Assume any liability with respect to the use of, or damages resulting from the use of, any information, apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this report. CMM Country Profiles CONTENTS Units of Conversions .............................................................................................................................................. i Executive Summary .............................................................................................................................................. ii Global Overview at a Glance ................................................................................................................................. ii Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................ 1 Purpose of the Report ............................................................................................................................................. 2 Organization of the Report ................................................................................................................................... 2 1 Argentina ...................................................................................................................................................... -
South Africa's Coalfields — a 2014 Perspective
International Journal of Coal Geology 132 (2014) 170–254 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Journal of Coal Geology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijcoalgeo South Africa's coalfields — A 2014 perspective P. John Hancox a,⁎,AnnetteE.Götzb,c a University of the Witwatersrand, School of Geosciences and Evolutionary Studies Institute, Private Bag 3, 2050 Wits, South Africa b University of Pretoria, Department of Geology, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028 Pretoria, South Africa c Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., Kazan 420008, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation article info abstract Article history: For well over a century and a half coal has played a vital role in South Africa's economy and currently bituminous Received 7 April 2014 coal is the primary energy source for domestic electricity generation, as well as being the feedstock for the Received in revised form 22 June 2014 production of a substantial percentage of the country's liquid fuels. It furthermore provides a considerable source Accepted 22 June 2014 of foreign revenue from exports. Available online 28 June 2014 Based on geographic considerations, and variations in the sedimentation, origin, formation, distribution and quality of the coals, 19 coalfields are generally recognised in South Africa. This paper provides an updated review Keywords: Gondwana coal of their exploration and exploitation histories, general geology, coal seam nomenclature and coal qualities. With- Permian in the various coalfields autocyclic variability is the norm rather than the exception, whereas allocyclic variability Triassic is much less so, and allows for the correlation of genetically related sequences. During the mid-Jurassic break up Coalfield of Gondwana most of the coal-bearing successions were intruded by dolerite. -
Geology and Sedimentology of the Upper Devonian Escuminac
Document généré le 2 oct. 2021 16:46 Atlantic Geology Geology and sedimentology of the Upper Devonian Escuminac Formation, Quebec, and evaluation of its paleoenvironment: lacustrine versus estuarine turbidite sequence Reinhard Hesse et Hemdat Sawh Volume 28, numéro 3, november 1992 Résumé de l'article La Formation d'Escuminac du Groupe de Miguasha du DeVonien sup£rieur, URI : https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/ageo28_3art05 dans la partie ouest de la baie des Chaleurs, Quebec, ceJcbre pour sa faune de poissons fossile, est une sequence de turbidites dont l'environnemcnt de Aller au sommaire du numéro deposition a fait l'objet de discussions. Les interpretations varient suivant les diffeients auteurs entre lacustre ou saumatre amarin cotier. C'estpossiblement d'origine estuarienne. Son epaisseur totale de 117 m a €l6 divis£e en huit Éditeur(s) unite's lithostratigraphiques sur la base de variations verticales dans le rapport gres:shale. Un milieu lacustre est possible en regard de 1'association avec les Atlantic Geoscience Society formations fluviatiles en-dessous (Formation de Fleurant) et au-dessus (Formation de Bonaventure), bien qu'elles soient scparees de TEscuminac par ISSN une inconformite' ou une discordance angulaire. L'absence de toute faune marine invert£br£e & coquillc est un argument ne'gatif favorisant 0843-5561 (imprimé) indirectement une origine lacustre. Des conditions d'eau de fond 1718-7885 (numérique) periodiquement stagnante, indiqules par la preservation de laminites, sont compatibles avec un environnement de lac. La faune de poissons fossile, Découvrir la revue cependant, contient des elements qui pointent vers des environnement saumatres ou marins. Les donnfies gdochimiques semblent aussi appuyer des conditions saumatres, bien qu'il ne soit pas clair jusqu'a quel point la signature Citer cet article geochimique ait pu etre h£ritec d'argiles marines plus anciennes. -
Earth-Science-Conservation-No.-029-June-1991.Pdf
Editorial Contents Dawn ofa new era I Main features I Chris Stevens, English Nature As of 1 April the Government's new The Strategy launched at Westtninster 3 Earth science conservation in Great arrangements for nature conservation Britain - a strategy, to give it its full came into effect, and statutory duties The RIGS initiative - full speed ahead title, was formally launched on 5 for England, Scotland and Wales are Mike Harley reports on the astonishing pace at which RIGS December 1990. ,The sening was the now discharged via three new national schemes are growing 5 Hoare Memorial Hall in Church agencies - English Nature, Nature RockWATCH - fossils, fun and lots more! House, Westminster - a slightly more Conservancy Council for Scotland and Wayne Talbot and Beverley Halstead ask what's in it for the kids? 10 geological setting than its name Countryside Council for Wales (for would suggest, with lots of Ancaster further details see page 9). The Geological Society and conservation and Purbeck limestone internally and Coos Wilson explains the role of the Conservation Committee 22 A future for our magazine a splendid flint-clad exterior. Ifthe 'Strategy' is new to you, you will find The new agencies have agreed to I Protecting our earth science resource I a summary of it in Earth science produce Earth science conservation as a conservation) 27 and 28. joint effort. This is encouraging news What is the earth science resource that we are so keen to protect? to all who believe that the magazine has These articles illustrate just three aspects of this rich heritage A full house! a useful role to play. -
Evolúcia Ekosystémov
1 UNIVERZITA KOMENSKÉHO V BRATISLAVE PRÍRODOVEDECKÁ FAKULTA EVOLÚCIA EKOSYSTÉMOV JOZEF KLEMBARA Katedra ekológie BRATISLAVA, 2014 2 ©2014, Jozef Klembara Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave Prírodovedecká fakulta Katedra ekológie 84215 Bratislava, Slovensko Telefón: +421 2/60296257 1. vydanie ISBN 978-80-223-3682-6 Recenzenti: Mgr. Andrej Čerňanský, PhD RNDr. Jana Ciceková, PhD. Mgr. Ivan Bartík 3 OBSAH Evolúcia ekosystémov 1 - GLOBÁLNA BLOKOVÁ TEKTONIKA A KONTINENTÁLNY DRIFT ........................................................................................................................ 4 1. 1 - Globálna bloková tektonika .................................................................................... 5 1.2 - Príčiny pohybu litosferických blokov ...................................................................... 10 1.3 - Kontinentálny drift ................................................................................................... 10 2 - EVOLÚCIA EKOSYSTÉMOV ....................................................................... 12 2.1 - Prekambrium (4600 – 545 mil. r.) ........................................................................... 15 2.2 - Prvohory - Paleozoikum (545 – 245 mil. r.) ............................................................ 17 2.2.1 – Kambrium .............................................................................................................. 18 2.2.2 – Ordovik ................................................................................................................. -
Maceral Types and Quality of Coal in the Tuli Coalfield: a Case
applied sciences Article Maceral Types and Quality of Coal in the Tuli Coalfield: A Case Study of Coal in the Madzaringwe Formation in the Vele Colliery, Limpopo Province, South Africa Elelwani Denge * and Christopher Baiyegunhi Department of Geology and Mining, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Featured Application: Authors are encouraged to provide a concise description of the specific application or a potential application of the work. This section is not mandatory. Abstract: The Madzaringwe Formation in the Vele colliery is one of the coal-bearing Late Palaeozoic units of the Karoo Supergroup, consisting of shale with thin coal seams and sandstones. Maceral group analysis was conducted on seven representative coal samples collected from three existing boreholes—OV125149, OV125156, and OV125160—in the Vele colliery to determine the coal rank and other intrinsic characteristics of the coal. The petrographic characterization revealed that vitrinite is the dominant maceral group in the coals, representing up to 81–92 vol.% (mmf) of the total sample. Collotellinite is the dominant vitrinite maceral, with a total count varying between 52.4 vol.% (mmf) and 74.9 vol.% (mmf), followed by corpogelinite, collodetrinite, tellinite, and pseudovitrinite with a Citation: Denge, E.; Baiyegunhi, C. count ranging between 0.8 and 19.4 vol.% (mmf), 1.5 and 17.5 vol.% (mmf), 0.8 and 6.5 vol.% (mmf) Maceral Types and Quality of Coal in the Tuli Coalfield: A Case Study of and 0.3 and 5.9 vol.% (mmf), respectively. The dominance of collotellinite gives a clear indication Coal in the Madzaringwe Formation that the coals are derived from the parenchymatous and woody tissues of roots, stems, and leaves. -
National Accounts
National Accounts Environmental Economic Accounts Mineral Accounts for South Africa: 1990–2010 Discussion document: D0405.2 March 2013 your leading partner in quality statistics Please scroll down Mineral Accounts for South Africa: 1990–2010 Discussion document: D0405.2 March 2013 Statistics South Africa Published by Statistics South Africa, Private Bag X44, Pretoria 0001 © Statistics South Africa, 2013 Users may apply or process this data, provided Statistics South Africa (Stats SA) is acknowledged as the original source of the data; that it is specified that the application and/or analysis is the result of the user's independent processing of the data; and that neither the basic data nor any reprocessed version or application thereof may be sold or offered for sale in any form whatsoever without prior permission from Stats SA. Discussion document: Mineral Accounts for South Africa: 1990–2010 Discussion document (D0405.2) Statistics South Africa Pretoria: Statistics South Africa, March 2013 A complete set of Statistics South Africa publications is available at the Statistics South Africa Library and the following libraries: National Library of South Africa, Pretoria Division National Library of South Africa, Cape Town Division Library of Parliament, Cape Town Bloemfontein Public Library Natal Society Library, Pietermaritzburg Johannesburg Public Library Eastern Cape Library Services, King William's Town Central Regional Library, Polokwane Central Reference Library, Nelspruit Central Reference Collection, Kimberley Central Reference Library, Mmabatho This discussion document is available on the Statistics South Africa internet site: www.statssa.gov.za Statistics South Africa Table of contents Figures, maps and tables iii Abbreviations and acronyms v Key findings 1 1. -
South African Coal Sector Report Directorate: Energy Data Collection
SOUTH AFRICAN COAL SECTOR REPORT DIRECTORATE: ENERGY DATA COLLECTION, MANAGEMENT AND ANALYSIS SOUTH AFRICAN COAL SECTOR REPORT DIRECTORATE: ENERGY DATA COLLECTION, MANAGEMENT AND ANALYSIS Compiled by: Ms Keneilwe Ratshomo Email: [email protected] And Mr Ramaano Nembahe Email: [email protected] Published by: Department of Energy Private Bag X96 Pretoria 0001 Tel: (012) 406-7819/012 406 7540 192 Visagie Street, C/o Paul Kruger & Visagie Street, Pretoria, 0001 Website: http://www.energy.gov.za DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Director-General: Mr T. Zulu ENERGY POLICY AND PLANNING BRANCH Acting Deputy Director-General: Mr. T. Audat ENERGY PLANNING CHIEF DIRECTORATE Acting Chief Director: Ms. Z. Harber ENERGY DATA COLLECTION, MANAGEMENT AND ANALYSIS DIRECTORATE Director: Ms. V. Olifant ISBN: COPYRIGHT RESERVED DISCLAIMER WHEREAS THE GREATEST CARE HAS BEEN TAKEN IN THE COMPILATION OF THIS PUBLICATION, THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY RELIES ON DATA PROVIDED BY VARIOUS SOURCES AND DOES NOT HOLD ITSELF RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY ERRORS OR OMISSIONS EMANATING AS A CONSEQUENCE OF PROVISION OF INACCURATE, INCORRECT OR INCOMPLETE DATA FROM SUCH SOURCES. FOREWORD It gives me great pleasure to introduce the report: South African Coal Sector. This report is based on information collated from government departments, coal industry and research papers. This publication covers a broad overview and analysis of the South African coal industry and aims to keep stakeholders informed about developments as well as key issues affecting the industry. This publication presents the industry in a format which provides an overview of South Africa’s coal market, the value chain and the different uses of coal. -
The Future of South African Coal: Market, Investment, and Policy Challenges
PROGRAM ON ENERGY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Working Paper #100 January 2011 THE FUTURE OF SOUTH AFRICAN COAL: MARKET, INVESTMENT, AND POLICY CHALLENGES ANTON EBERHARD FREEMAN SPOGLI INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FREEMAN SPOGLI INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDIES About the Program on Energy and Sustainable Development The Program on Energy and Sustainable Development (PESD) is an international, interdisciplinary program that studies how institutions shape patterns of energy production and use, in turn affecting human welfare and environmental quality. Economic and political incentives and pre-existing legal frameworks and regulatory processes all play crucial roles in determining what technologies and policies are chosen to address current and future energy and environmental challenges. PESD research examines issues including: 1) effective policies for addressing climate change, 2) the role of national oil companies in the world oil market, 3) the emerging global coal market, 4) the world natural gas market with a focus on the impact of unconventional sources, 5) business models for carbon capture and storage, 6) adaptation of wholesale electricity markets to support a low-carbon future, 7) global power sector reform, and 8) how modern energy services can be supplied sustainably to the world’s poorest regions. The Program is part of the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies at Stanford University. PESD gratefully acknowledges substantial core funding from BP and EPRI. Program on Energy and Sustainable Development Encina Hall East, Room E415 Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305-6055 http://pesd.stanford.edu About the Author Anton Eberhard leads the Management Programme in Infrastructure Reform and Regulation at the University of Cape Town Graduate School of Business. -
1651 Chevrinais.Vp
Early establishment of vertebrate trophic interactions: Food web structure in Middle to Late Devonian fish assemblages with exceptional fossilization MARION CHEVRINAIS,CLAIRE JACQUET & RICHARD CLOUTIER In past and present ecosystems, trophic interactions determine material and energy transfers among species, regulating population dynamics and community stability. Food web studies in past ecosystems are helpful to assess the persistence of ecosystem structure throughout geological times and to explore the existence of general principles of food web assem- bly. We determined and compared the trophic structure of two Devonian fish assemblages [(1) the Escuminac assem- blage (ca. 380 Ma), Miguasha, eastern Canada and (2) the Lode assemblage (ca. 390 Ma), Straupe, Latvia] with a closer look at the Escuminac assemblage. Both localities are representative of Middle to Late Devonian aquatic vertebrate as- semblages in terms of taxonomic richness (ca. 20 species), phylogenetic diversity (all major groups of lower vertebrates) and palaeoenvironment (palaeoestuaries). Fossil food web structures were assessed using different kinds of direct (i.e. digestive contents and bite marks in fossils) and indirect (e.g. ecomorphological measurements, stratigraphic species co-occurrences) indicators. First, the relationships between predator and prey body size established for the Escuminac fishes are comparable to those of recent aquatic ecosystems, highlighting a consistency of aquatic food web structure across geological time. Second, non-metric dimensional scaling on ecomorphological variables and cluster analysis showed a common pattern of functional groups for both fish assemblages; top predators, predators, primary and second- ary consumers were identified. We conclude that Devonian communities were organized in multiple trophic levels and that size-based feeding interactions were established early in vertebrate history. -
Qatar Summer Festival to Add More Colours to Eid Celebrations Qatar
BUSINESS | 15 SPORT | 17 AmCham Qatar Formula One: working to boost Verstappen tops economic ties with US Canada practice Saturday 9 June 2018 | 24 Ramadan I 1439 www.thepeninsula.qa Volume 23 | Number 7552 | 2 Riyals Qatar Summer Festival Qatar takes part in Nato Defence Ministers’ meeting to add more colours to Eid celebrations Qatar Summer Festival and continue until the World Cup final (QSF) will kick off on June on Sunday, July 15. Entry to the Qatar Fan Zone is free, 14 and will continue till offering all residents and visitors an August 31. Held under opportunity to keep up with the excitement surrounding the month- the theme “Colour Your long Russia World Cup tournament in Summer”, the country’s an atmosphere that emulates the longest festival will start World Cup vibes.In addition to live screenings of all matches, the zone will its first week with special feature live entertainment and con- Eid Al Fitr celebrations. certs, a gaming and activation area, and more than 40 food stalls. Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of State for Defence Affairs, H E Dr Khalid bin Mohamed Al Attiyah, during the Commenting on the Fan Zon, Nato meeting in Brussels, yesterday. THE PENINSULA Nasser Al Khater, Assistant Secretary- General at the Supreme Committee for QNA DOHA: As the holy month of Ramadan Delivery and Legacy, expressed required to fund the Afghan security reconciliation that supports Afghan- is nearing its end and preparations for pleasure for cooperation with QTA and BRUSSELS: Deputy Prime Minister forces until 2024, how to fill the gap in istan in its stability. -
Draft Mineral Beneficiation Strategy for SA
- 2 - Draft for Public Comment A Beneficiation Strategy for the South Africa’s Minerals Industry - 3 - TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Purpose, Vision and Scope 4 1 Introduction 5 2 Global Perspective 6 3 Beneficiation Value Proposition for South Africa 7 3.1 Comparative Advantage 8 3.2 Competitive Advantage 8 4 Cross-Cutting Constraints to Beneficiation - South Africa 9 5 Strategic Framework 9 5.1 Key Action Plans 11 6 Selected Value Chains 12 6.1 Energy Commodities 13 6.2 Iron and Steel 15 6.3 Pigment and Titanium Metal Production 16 6.4 Autocatalytic Converters and Diesel Particulate 17 6.5 Diamond Cutting and Polishing and Jewellery Fabrication 18 7 Conclusion and Recommendations 20 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1 - IMPLEMENTATION OF THE BENEFICIATION STRATEGY............................................... - 11 - FIGURE 2 - IRON AND STEEL STRATEGIC OUTCOME...................................................................... - 16 - FIGURE 3 – PRECIOUS MINERALS STRATEGIC OUTCOME.............................................................. - 20 - LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1 - CROSS CUTTING ACTIVITIES AND KEY ACTION PLANS ................................................. - 12 - TABLE 2 – SELECTED COMMODITIES AND VALUE CHAINS ............................................................. - 13 - A Beneficiation Strategy for the South Africa’s Minerals Industry - 4 - GLOSSARY AMI - Advanced Metals Initiative APDP - Automotive Production and Development Programme ASGISA - Accelerated and Shared Growth Initiation of South Africa BBBEE - Broad-Based Black Economic