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Award in the Arbitration Regarding the Delimitation of the Abyei Area

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Award in the Arbitration Regarding the Delimitation of the Abyei Area REPORTS OF INTERNATIONAL ARBITRAL AWARDS RECUEIL DES SENTENCES ARBITRALES Award in the Arbitration regarding the delimitation of the Abyei Area between the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army, Award of 22 July 2009 -- Sentence arbitrale relative à la délimitation de la région de l’Abyei entre le Gouvernement du Soudan et le Mouvement/Armée populaire de libération du Soudan, Sentence du 22 juillet 2009 22 July 2009 - 22 juillet 2009 VOLUME XXX pp.145-416 NATIONS UNIES - UNITED NATIONS Copyright (c) 2012 PART II Award in the Arbitration regarding the delimitation of the Abyei Area between the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army Award of 22 July 2009 PARTIE II Sentence arbitrale relative à la délimitation de la région de l’Abyei entre le Gouvernement du Soudan et le Mouvement/Armée populaire de libération du Soudan Sentence du 22 juillet 2009 Award in the arbitration regarding the delimitation of the Abyei Area between the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army Sentence arbitrale relative à la délimitation de la région de l’Abyei entre le Gouvernement du Soudan et le Mouvement/Armée populaire de libération du Soudan Review of validity of Boundary Commission delimitation of Abyei Area—de novo review only permissible once “excess of mandate” established—principles of review applicable in public international law and national legal systems relevant as “general principles of law and practices”—established case law regarding excès de pou- voir of arbitral tribunals may mutatis mutandis inform the interpretation of “excess of mandate”—scope of review in international proceedings leading to the annulment of a prior decision generally very limited—reviewing body’s task cannot take the form of an appeal with respect to the “correctness” of the findings of the original deci- sion-maker when the reviewing body’s methodology differs from that of the original decision-maker—partial annulment within the authority of a court or tribunal seized with a review function—contracting out of the general principle of law allowing for severability and partial nullity to be evidenced by a clear and unequivocal expression of intention of the Parties—Tribunal’s scope of review limited to decisions made ultra petita, and not including putative violations of procedural rights—procedural irregu- larity alone cannot invalidate a decision; a significant injustice must have also occurred as a result of the irregularity . Standard of review for interpretation and implementation of Boundary Com- mission’s mandate—fundamental misinterpretation of Boundary Commission’s com- petence qualifies as an “excess of mandate”—reasonableness standard applies both to Boundary Commission’s interpretation and implementation of mandate—an instance of review must defer to the interpretation of a jurisdictional instrument by the deci- sion-making body designated under that instrument (Kompetenz-Kompetenz) as long as that interpretation is reasonable—review for “substantive errors” outside the Tribu- nal’s competence—lack of any reasons or obviously contradictory or frivolous reasons amounts to an “excess of mandate” . Boundary Commission did not exceed its mandate with respect to the delimita- tion of the northern and southern boundaries of the Abyei Area—reasonable to adopt a primarily tribal (as opposed to territorial) approach to delimitation—Boundary Com- mission’s definition of shared-rights area as well as its determination of western and eastern boundary lines of the Abyei Area, unsupported by sufficient reasons—delimi- tation by Tribunal of western and eastern boundaries of the Abyei Area by resort to lines of longitude—transfer of sovereignty in the context of boundary delimitation did not extinguish traditional rights to the use of land (or maritime resources) . government of sudan/ 148 sudan people’s liberation movement/army Examen de la validité de la délimitation de la région de l’Abyei par la Commission de délimitation des frontières—réexamen de novo autorisé uniquement dès lors qu’un « excès de mandat » est établi—principes applicables au réexamen issus du droit inter- national public et des systèmes juridiques nationaux pertinents en tant que « principes généraux de droit et usages »—jurisprudence en vigueur relative à l’excès de pouvoir du tribunal arbitral pouvant servir mutatis mutandis à l’interprétation de l’expression « excès de mandat »—étendue du réexamen dans le cadre de procédures internation- ales d’annulation d’une décision antérieure étant généralement très limitée—tâche de l’organe de réexamen ne pouvant constituer un appel quant à la « justesse » des conclu- sions de l’organe décisionnel initial lorsque la méthodologie de l’organe de réexamen diffère de celle de l’organe décisionnel initial—annulation partielle relevant de la com- pétence de la cour ou du tribunal investi d’une fonction de réexamen—renonciation au principe général de droit autorisant la divisibilité et l’annulation partielle devant ressortir de l’expression claire et non équivoque de l’intention des Parties—étendue du réexamen par le Tribunal étant limitée aux décisions prises ultra petita, et n’incluant pas les violations putatives de droits procéduraux—irrégularité procédurale ne pou- vant à elle seule invalider une décision ; irrégularité devant également avoir causé une injustice significative . Critères applicables au réexamen de l’interprétation et de la mise en œuvre du mandat d’une Commission de délimitation des frontières—erreur fondamentale d’interprétation de la compétence d’une Commission de délimitation des frontières constituant un « excès de mandat »—critère du caractère raisonnable applicable à la fois à l’interprétation et à la mise en œuvre par la Commission de délimitation des frontières de son mandat—instance de réexamen devant déférer l’interprétation d’un instrument régissant la compétence à l’organe décisionnel désigné par cet instrument (Kompetenz-Kompetenz), pour autant que cette interprétation est raisonnable—exa- men d’« erreurs substantielles » ne relevant pas de la compétence du Tribunal—absence de motivation ou motifs manifestement contradictoires ou futiles équivalant à un « excès de mandat » . Commission de délimitation des frontières n’ayant pas excédé son mandat en ce qui concerne la délimitation des frontières septentrionale et méridionale de la région de l’Abyei—caractère raisonnable de l’adoption d’une approche essentiellement trib- ale (et non territoriale)—absence de motifs suffisants au soutien de la définition de territoire sous droits partagés et de la détermination des frontières occidentale et ori- entale de la région de l’Abyei adoptées par la Commission de délimitation des fron- tières—délimitation par le Tribunal des frontières occidentale et orientale de la région de l’Abyei en ayant recours à des lignes longitudinales—transfert de souveraineté dans le contexte de la délimitation des frontières n’ayant pas mis fin aux droits traditionnels d’usage des terres (ou des ressources maritimes) . * * * * * delimitation of abyei area 149 IN THE MATTER OF AN ARBITRATION BEFORE A TRIBUNAL CONSTITUTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE 5 OF THE ARBITRATION AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF SUDAN AND THE SUDAN PEOPLE’S LIBERATION MOVEMENT/ARMY ON DELIMITING ABYEI AREA -and- THE PERMANENT COURT OF ARBITRATION OPTIONAL RULES FOR ARBITRATING DISPUTES BETWEEN TWO PARTIES OF WHICH ONLY ONE IS A STATE between THE GOVERNMENT OF SUDAN and THE SUDAN PEOPLE’S LIBERATION MOVEMENT/ARMY FINAL AWAR D The Arbitral Tribunal: Professor Pierre-Marie Dupuy (Presiding Arbitrator) H .E . Judge Awn Al-Khasawneh Professor Dr . Gerhard Hafner Professor W . Michael Reisman Judge Stephen M . Schwebel Registry: Permanent Court of Arbitration The Peace Palace, The Hague July 22, 2009 government of sudan/ 150 sudan people’s liberation movement/army Agents, Counsel and Other Representatives of the Parties Government of Sudan — Ambassador Dirdeiry Mohamed Ahmed, Dirdeiry & Co ,. Khartoum, Sudan, as Agent — Dr . Faisal Abdel Rahman Ali Taha, Permanent Boundaries Committee, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, as Co-Agent — Dr . Abdelrahman Ibrahim Elkhalifa, Khartoum, Sudan, as Co-Agent — Professor James Crawford, Q C. ,. SC, F B. A. ,. Whewell Professor of Inter- national Law, University of Cambridge, member of the Institut de droit international, as Counsel and Advocate — Dr . Nabil Elaraby, former Judge of the International Court of Justice, Director of the Cairo Regional Centre for International Commercial Arbitration, as Counsel and Advocate — Professor Alain Pellet, University of Paris Ouest, Nanterre-La Défense, member and former Chairman of the International Law Commission, associate member of the Institut de Droit International, as Counsel and Advocate — Mr . Rodman Bundy, avocat à la Cour d’appel de Paris, Member of the New York Bar, Eversheds LLP, Paris, as Counsel and Advocate — Ms . Loretta Malintoppi, avocat à la Cour d’appel de Paris, Member of the Rome Bar, Eversheds LLP, Paris, as Counsel and Advocate — Ms . Angelynn Meya, avocat à la Cour d’appel de Paris, Member of the New York and Connecticut Bars, Eversheds LLP, Paris, as Legal Advisor — Mr . Jacques Hartmann, Research Associate, Lauterpacht Centre for Inter- national Law, University of Cambridge, as Legal Advisor — Ms . Céline Folsché, Member of the New York Bar, Researcher at the Centre de Droit International (University of Paris Ouest, Nanterre-La Défense), as Legal Advisor — Mr . Paul Baker, Trainee Solicitor, Eversheds
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