Bihar State Water & Sanitation Mission

Project Draft EMF Report Environmental Assessment and Environmental Management Framework for the state of Bihar Draft Final Report (version 2) Submitted to Chief Engineer (Urban)-Cum-Member Secretary, Executive Committee, Bihar State Water and Sanitation Mission (BSWSM) (Public Health Engineering Department, Govt. of Bihar) Vishveshwariya Bhawan, Bailey Road, Patna-800001 Environmental Assessment and Environmental Management Framework for the state of Bihar © The Energy and Resources Institute 2013 Suggested format for citation T E R I. 2013 Inception Report for study on “Environmental Assessment and Environmental Management Framework for the state of Bihar” New Delhi: The Energy and Resources Institute. Contact Details Anshuman Associate Director (Water Resources) T E R I Tel. 2468 2100 or 2468 2111 Darbari Seth Block E-mail [email protected] IHC Complex, Lodhi Road Fax 2468 2144 or 2468 2145 New Delhi – 110 003 Web www.teriin.org India +91 • Delhi (0)11 ii Environmental Assessment and Environmental Management Framework for the state of Bihar Table of Contents _Toc352602516 Abbreviations .................................................................................................................... 1 Executive Summary ......................................................................................................... 3 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 15 1.1 Background ..................................................................................................................... 15 1.2 World Bank Assisted Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project ......................... 16 1.2.1 Institutional.................................................................................................................. 16 1.2.2 Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion .......................................................................... 16 1.2.3 Financing ...................................................................................................................... 16 1.2.4 Water Source Protection, Development and Management .................................. 17 1.2.5 Proposed Development Objective(s)........................................................................ 20 1.3 Scope of the Project ........................................................................................................ 20 1.4 Need for Environmental Assessment ......................................................................... 24 1.5 Objectives of Environmental Assessment .................................................................. 24 1.6 Approach and Methodology ........................................................................................ 25 1.6.1 Approach ..................................................................................................................... 25 1.6.2 Methodology ............................................................................................................... 25 1.7 Site selection.................................................................................................................... 29 1.7.1 Criteria for selecting villages for field study .......................................................... 29 1.7.2 Details of Selected villages ........................................................................................ 30 1.8 Organization of the Report ........................................................................................... 34 2. RWSS – Policy, Regulatory Framework, Missions and Programmes ................................................................................................................ 36 2.1 State RWSS Vision .......................................................................................................... 36 2.1.1 RWSS at National Context ......................................................................................... 37 2.1.2 Sector Reforms Project ............................................................................................... 38 2.1.3 Swajaladhara ............................................................................................................... 39 2.1.4 Sub – Mission Project (SMP) ..................................................................................... 40 2.1.5 Other Related Programmes ....................................................................................... 40 2.1.6 Total sanitation Campaign (TSC) ............................................................................. 42 2.1.7 Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (NBA) ................................................................................. 43 2.2 RWSS Coverage in Bihar ............................................................................................... 45 2.2.1 Drinking Water ........................................................................................................... 45 2.2.2 Sanitation ..................................................................................................................... 47 2.3 Regulatory and Policy Framework .............................................................................. 48 iii Environmental Assessment and Environmental Management Framework for the state of Bihar 2.3.1 National Policies and Regulation ............................................................................. 48 2.3.2 National Policy Framework ...................................................................................... 50 2.3.3 Recent changes in the policy framework ................................................................. 51 2.3.4 Applicable Legal and Regulatory system................................................................ 51 2.3.5 The World Bank's environmental and social safeguard policies ......................... 55 2.4 State Sector institutions ................................................................................................. 58 2.4.1 Resolution ..................................................................................................................... 60 2.4.2 Power / Functions of the Mission ............................................................................. 60 2.4.3 The Proposed Policy .................................................................................................... 61 2.5 Converging departments .............................................................................................. 63 2.5.1 Central Ground Water Board .................................................................................... 63 2.5.2 Bihar State Pollution Control Board ......................................................................... 64 2.6 Proposed World Bank Assisted Project ...................................................................... 65 3. Baseline Environmental Status ........................................................................ 66 3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 66 3.2 Brief profile of State ....................................................................................................... 66 3.3 Geographic and Physiographic Profile ....................................................................... 67 3.3.1 Location ........................................................................................................................ 67 3.3.2 Physiography .............................................................................................................. 68 3.3.3 Geomorphology ........................................................................................................... 68 3.4 Important Population Characteristics of Bihar State ................................................ 69 3.4.1 Demographic Status ................................................................................................... 69 3.4.2 Number of Households in the State .......................................................................... 70 3.4.3 Population by Religion .............................................................................................. 71 3.4.4 Selected Health Indicators for Bihar and India ....................................................... 71 3.4.5 SC/ST Population in Bihar State ................................................................................ 72 3.5 Literacy Trend in Bihar State ........................................................................................ 75 3.6 Number of workers........................................................................................................ 75 3.6.1 Workers in Agricultural.............................................................................................. 76 3.7 Economy of Bihar State ................................................................................................. 76 3.8 Environmental Baseline of Bihar ................................................................................. 77 3.8.1 Climate ......................................................................................................................... 77 3.8.2 Rainfall .......................................................................................................................... 77 3.8.3 Agro-climatic conditions ............................................................................................ 80 3.8.4 Soils ...............................................................................................................................

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