Proposal: Combined DVM and MBA Degree Program

Submitted by: David Bristol, Associate Dean, College of , and Steve Allen, Associate Dean, College of Management

JUSTIFICATIONS: Current poor business preparation of veterinary graduates: Increasingly, veterinary practitioners need good business skills to succeed in practice. In 1999, KPMG completed a study of the veterinary profession, an executive summary of which was published in the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. The study found that while 73% of veterinary practice owners rated business skills as required for , 60% of them rated new graduates business skills as marginal and 32% rated them as inadequate or poor. The study also found that most veterinary practices do not take advantage of standard good business practices, and that those that did were much more profitable.

The gender shift Veterinary medicine has experienced a tremendous gender shift in the last 20 years, from being a male dominated profession to a female dominated one. Currently, 83% of the students in the College of Veterinary Medicine are women. In 2005, the number of practicing veterinarians will transition from a majority of males to a majority of females. This will quickly shift to a high majority of females as older males retire or die and are replaced by female new graduates. This is important to this proposal because surveys have found women veterinary graduates have lower confidence in their business skills than male graduates.

College Debt The amount of college related debt is also increasing quickly for veterinary graduates. Improved business knowledge would allow these students to participate in more profitable business practices and help to address the increased debt levels.

The need for high-level business skills for veterinarians entering the agribusiness and pharmaceutical industries. Many veterinarians are employed in agribusiness or in the pharmaceutical industry. Having both the DVM and MBA degrees would substantially improve their potential for advancement in those industries beyond the herd health, and research roles. Veterinarians in these industries deal with the same business concepts needed in manufacturing industries.

Competitive admission of highly sought non-resident students The College of Veterinary Medicine competes with other similar colleges for the top non- residents in our applicant pool. Because the need for business training has received a lot of emphasis in veterinary journals, students are increasingly seeking opportunities for that training in their veterinary programs. Three of the 28 US Veterinary Colleges have associated MBA programs. These programs are at Colorado State University, Texas A&M University, and the University of Pennsylvania. The Veterinary College at NC State competes with these universities for the same highly motivated, business oriented students.

CURRENT DEGREE PROGRAMS: The Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) program The DVM is a four-year professional degree program. In each of the first five semesters the students take a 13 week core curriculum followed by two weeks of electives. The electives give the students the opportunity to tailor their education toward their intended post-graduate career goals. The senior year begins just a few days after the end of the junior year, and consists of 24 rotations, approximately two weeks in length. (longer rotations occur over holiday periods).

The current curriculum is as follows: Year 1, Fall semester Course Credits (Lecture – Instructor lab) VMB 911 Anatomy I 4(2-8) Hudson VMB 914 Histology & Cytology. 3(2-4) Sannes VMB 913 Physiology I 5(4-4) Peters VMP 914 Path.Bacteriology/Mycology 3(2-2) Carter VMP 912 Evidence Based Medicine 2(2-0) Levine VMP 916 Health Main. & An. Prod. I 1(0-4) Wages Electives: 2 credits Total Credits:20

Year 1, Spring Semester VMB 921 Vet. Comparative Anatomy 4(2-8) Smallwood VMB 922 Vet. Embryology & Teratology 2(1-1) VMB 923 Physiology II 5(4/4-5/0) Keene VMP 924 Virology 3(2-2) Fuller VMP 925 Immunology 3(2-2) M. Tompkins VMC 927 Intro to Comp Animal Behavior 1(0-2) B. Simpson Electives 2 credits Total Credits: 21

Year 2 Fall Semester VMP 931 Pathology I 4(3-3) Cullen VMP 932 Parasitology 5(4-3) Hammerberg VMB 933 Pharmacology 5(4-2) Fleisher VMB 930 Anesthesiology 2(2-0) Swanson VMC 932 Principles of Surgery 3(1-2) Hardie Electives 2 credits Total Credits: 21

Year 2, Spring semester VMP 941 Pathology II 5(4-3) Meuten VMP 942 Clinical Pathology 3(2-2) Grindem VMP 945 Population Medicine 2(2-0) Cowen VMB 943 Pharmacology/Therapeutics 3(3-0) Papich VMB 965 Veterinary Clinical Nutrition 2(1-2) VMP 936 Hlth Maint & Animal Prod II 1(0-4) Wages VMC 937 Intro to Physical Exam Skills 1(0-4) Stoskopf Electives 2 credits Total Credits: 19

Year 3, Fall Semester VMC 951 Comp. Animal Med. & Surgery 5(4-4) Jackson VMC 952 Equine Medicine & Surgery 4(4-0) Breuhaus VMC 953 Lab Animal & Sp. Species Med. 3(2-2) Lewbart VMP 951 3(2-4) Whitacre VMB 954 Toxicology/Poisonous Plants 3(3-0) Brownie VMP 958 Public Health Issues in Vet Practice 2(2-0) Cowen Electives 2 credits Total Credits: 22

Year 3, Spring semester VMC 962 Ethics, Jurisprudence, Professional 4 (4-0) Bristol Development and Practice Management VMP 962 Ruminant Medicine and Surgery 3(3-0) Anderson VMC 961 Comp. Animal Med & Surgery II 4(3-4) Munana VMP 964 Swine and Poultry Med 3(3-0) Ley/McCaw VMC 965 Advanced Principles of Surgery 1(0-4) Bowman VMB 960 Radiology and Radiobiology 3(3-0) Thrall VMP 956 Hlth Main & Animal Prod III 1(0-4) Wages VMC 957 Intro to Clinical Practice 1(0-4) Ford Total Credits: 20

The VMC 962 course is a new course planned to be taught the first time in Spring 2007. The focus is on business and career related skills. Credits earned in this course are counted towards the MBA degree.

Year 4, Clinical rotations: All students are required to complete a minimum of 20 rotations at 2 credits per rotation, for 40 credits. Student requirements in the senior year depend on their selected focus areas. These requirements are outlined on the attached spreadsheet.

The Masters of Business Administration (MBA) Program The NC State MBA program is accredited by the The Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business International. The degree is typically completed over a two-year period for full time students and three years for part time students. In addition to completing core courses in the basics of management, students select electives and specialized concentrations: technology commercialization, information technology management, production innovation management, supply chain management, marketing, financial management and biotech/pharmaceutical management. A unique aspect of NC State’s MBA program is its technology focus.

The curriculum for the MBA varies depending on the concentration area selected. Below is the course sequence for the biotech/Pharma concentration. Students in the combined program may not take this exact combination of courses, but it provides an idea of the type of courses to be taken. Fifty-one credits are required for the degree.

Fall Year One ACC 580 Survey of Accounting ECG 507 Economics for Managers BUS 530 Managing People in the High-Tech Environment BUS 550 Statistics and Quantitative Methods BUS 590 Managerial Effectiveness I (1.5 hours)

Spring Year One BUS 520 Managerial Finance BUS 560 Marketing Management and Strategy BUS 570 Production & Operations Management BUS 590 Managerial Effectiveness II (1.5 hours) BUS 590 Strategic Overview of Pharma and Biotech

Fall Year Two BUS 500 Strategic Management BUS 506 Legal and Regulatory Issues in Pharma and Biotech Concentration 1 Concentration 2

Spring Year Two MB 590C Case Studies in Microbial Biotechnology Concentration 3 Concentration 4 IT Elective or Global Elective

Combined Degree Proposal Applicants interested in the combined degree program must be accepted by both colleges. The DVM application is handled through a national application procedure – the Veterinary Medical Common Application system or VMCAS. The CVM sends supplementary applications to qualified candidates and that application will contain questions to determine the applicant’s interest in the MBA program. Students accepted into the DVM program who express interest in the MBA will have their folders forwarded to the MBA program for evaluation by their admissions committee.

Students accepted to both programs will spend year one attending the College of Management’s MBA program full time. This will allow completion of most of the required courses for the program with completion of 27 credits toward the MBA degree. During their first summer they will take one more MBA course, putting them at 30 hours. At the end of the summer they will take part in the CVM orientation exercises. Years two through four will consist of the courses required in the DVM program during daytime class hours in the fall and spring. The VMC 962 Ethics, Jurisprudence and Practice Management course in the DVM program will count as a 4 credit elective in the MBA program. The MBA program also will accept 6 hours of DVM courses as MBA electives, following the practice of the joint MBA/MMB degree. The additional 11 hours of MBA courses will be completed by distance education, during the evenings, and during the summer sessions. We also anticipate the development of some management-oriented electives that will be taught during the last two weeks of the first five semesters in the DVM program. The MBA degree would be granted by no later than the end of the fourth year.

Year five will be primarily DVM clinical rotation requirements. During this year students will complete a 6-week, 6 credit business internship at either an Agribusiness or Pharmaceutical firm.

The following display illustrates how the two degrees would be completed within five years:

Year Curriculum MBA credits DVM credits Year One • Fall MBA required courses 13.5 hours • Spring MBA required courses 13.5 hours • Summer MBA elective 3 hours Year Two • Fall DVM required courses 20 hours • Spring DVM required courses; one 3 hours 21 hours course counts toward both degrees • Summer MBA electives 6 hours Year Three • Fall DVM required courses; one 1 hour 21 hours MBA short course • Spring DVM required courses; one 3 hours 19 hours course counts toward both degrees • Summer MBA elective 3 hours Year Four • Fall DVM required courses; one 1 hour 22 hours MBA short course • Spring DVM required courses; VMC 4 hours 20 hours 962 counts toward both degrees COMPLETE MBA Year Five DVM rotations 43 hours COMPLETE DVM

NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE COURSE ACTION FORM

NOTE: Click once on shaded fields to type data. To check boxes, right click at box, click “Properties”, and click “Checked” under Default Values.

DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM Clinical Sciences

COURSE PREFIX/NUMBER VMC 962 TYPE OF PROPOSAL PREVIOUS PREFIX/NUMBER VMC 962 New Course x DATE OF LAST ACTION Drop Course Course Revision Ethics, Professional Development & Practice Dual-Level Course COURSE TITLE Management REVISION Content ABBREVIATED TITLE VET ETHIC PRAC MGT Prefix/Number SCHEDULING Fall Spring x Summer Every Year x Title Abbreviated Title Alt. Year Odd Alt. Year Even Other Credit Hours CREDIT HOURS 4-0 OFFERED BY DISTANCE EDUCATION ONLY Contact Hours Grading Method CONTACT HOURS 4-0 Lecture/Recitation Seminar Laboratory Problem Pre/Corequisites Studio Independent Study/Research Internship/Practicum/Field Work Restrictive Statement Description GRADING ABCDF x S/U Scheduling INSTRUCTOR (NAME/RANK) Dr. David Bristol Graduate Faculty Status Associate Full x

ANTICIPATED ENROLLMENT Per semester 76 Max. per Section Multiple sections Yes No

PREREQUISITE(S)

COREQUISITE(S)

PRE/COREQUISITE FOR

RESTRICTIVE STATEMENT Limited to DVM students or by permission of instructor.

CURRICULA/MINORS Required DVM students Qualified Elective

PROPOSED EFFECTIVE DATE 1/1/07 APPROVED EFFECTIVE DATE ______

CATALOG DESCRIPTION: This course focuses on veterinary ethical and legal issues, professional development including improved communication skills, and practice management.

DOCUMENTATION AS REQUIRED RECOMMENDED BY: Please number all document pages

______Course Justification x Department Head/Director of Graduate Programs Date Proposed Revision(s) with Justification ENDORSED BY: Student Learning Objectives

Enrollment for Last 5 Years ______Chair, College Graduate Studies Committee Date New Resources Statement

Consultation with other Departments ______Syllabus (Old and New) x College Dean(s) Date

Explanation of differences in requirements of dual-level courses APPROVED:

______Dean of the Graduate School Date

VMC 962: Ethics, Jurisprudence, Veterinary Practice Management Course Syllabus

Course Leader: Dr. David Bristol Phone:513-6212 Email: [email protected] Office: Room A-231

This is a four credit course limited to third year veterinary students. It is taught twice per week during the core semester and for two full weeks during the normal Veterinary College selective period.

Course Objectives: This course will be different than most others in your veterinary curriculum, as we will be examining many of the social, legal and ethical issues behind the science of veterinary medicine, as well as important business practices. While some of you may consider these to be non- veterinary issues, they are, in fact, some of the most important issues you will have to address. You will find that in practice, many times the science and medicine are easy; it’s the human, emotional and ethical issues that are difficult. The objectives of the course are for you to: 1. Develop the ability to critically evaluate ethical issues. 2. Understand the ethical issues surrounding the most common client complaints to the NC Veterinary Medical Board. 3. Understand the North Carolina practice act and the laws pertaining to veterinary medicine. 4. Improve your business and client communication skills. 5. Gain an understanding of basic practice management skills necessary for success in a small business environment

CVM Faculty participants: David G. Bristol Large Animal Surgery, Ethics and 513-6212 Jurisprudence Mark Ally Business Management, Beef cattle 513-6370 management Richard Fish Laboratory Animal Medicine 513-6480 Diane Dunning Small Animal Surgery, Animal 513-6267 Welfare and Public Policy Barbara Simpson Animal Behavior 513-6141 Glen Almond Swine Health Management 513-6370 Richard Mansmann Equine Practice 513-0035 Michael Stoskopf Wildlife, Exotic and Zoological 513-6279 Medicine Laurel Williams Oncology, communications 513-6477 Mat Gerard Equine Surgery, communications 513-6378

Guest Lecturers Jim Wilson Veterinary Law, Contracts, Finance Chuck Wayner Director, Global Practice Health, Hills Fritz Wood Personal Finance Management Mark Opperman Veterinary Practice Management Mark Green Small Animal Practice, Practice Management

The following references may be useful and are available in the library:

1. The Elements of Moral Philosophy by James Rachels (McGraw-Hill, Inc.) 2. Law and Ethics of the Veterinary Profession by Dr. James Wilson 3. Contracts, Benefits and Practice Management for the Veterinary Profession, by James Wilson, Jeffrey Nemoy and Alan Fishman 4. Veterinary Ethics, Animal Welfare, Client Relations and Collegiality, by Jerrold Tannenbaum 5. Building the Successful Veterinary Practice, by Thomas Catanzaro. 6. An Introduction to Veterinary Theory and Cases, by Bernard E. Rollin

Grading: This course will be graded using a 10-point system as follows: Numerical range Grade Numerical range Grade 97-100 A+ 73-<77 C 93-<97 A 70-<73 C- 90-<93 A- 67-<70 D+ 87-<90 B+ 63-<67 D 83-<87 B 60-<63 D- 80-<83 B- <60 F 77-<80 C+

Assignments: There are several major assignments associated with this course. 1. All students must prepare a resume consistent with their intended area of post-graduate employment. 2. All students must prepare a personal budget for the first post-graduate year. These two assignments are due in class prior to the first examination.

3. Each student will have a taped interaction with a simulated veterinary client. The client is the owner of a small animal (dog or cat). After the taped session you are required to review the videotape, looking for potential communication problems and ways to improve your client interactions. Your communication exercises are due prior to the second preliminary examination.

There are three examinations in this course. Point allocations for examinations and homework are as follows:

Resumes/Curriculum Vita 5% Personal Budget 5% Preliminary Examination 1 30% Communication Exercise 10% Preliminary Examination 2 30% Final Examination 20%

Additional assignments and pop quizzes may be made. If so, the grading scheme will be adjusted accordingly.

Assignments are due PRIOR to taking the preliminary examinations. Assignments turned in late will receive no credit. There will be no retakes of examinations. Any absences must be excused by the Associate Dean of Academic Affairs.

Lecture Schedule: Week Lecture 1 Lecturer Lecture 2 Lecturer Introduction to course, Preparing yourself for post- Definitions, What is ethics? graduate life: preparing a Bristol, 1 Background class information Bristol resume, personal budgets Ally Types of Ethics, Descriptive, Administrative Ethics - NC Official, Administrative, Practice Act, State animal 2 Normative Bristol cruelty laws Bristol Official Ethics: AVMA's Principles of Veterinary Animal Rights/ Animal 3 Medical Ethics Bristol Welfare Fish Ethical Problems in Small Ethics of Animal Behavior 4 Animal Practice Dunning Problems Simpson Ethical Problems in Farm Ethical Problems in Farm 5 Animal Practice Almond Animal Practice Almond Ethical Problems in Equine Ethical problems in 6 Practice Mansmann zoo/wildlife practice Stoskopf EXAMINATION/ Budgets Williams, 7 and Resumes due Bristol Non-verbal communication Gerard Williams, Williams, 8 Getting the story Gerard Roles and choices Gerard The elephant in the room Williams, Euthanasia, grief 9 (money matters) Gerard mangement Counselor Critical things to recognize Compassion fatigue, stress in your clients: emergency 10 management, life balance Counselor counseling needed! Counselor Drugs, Vaccines, Controlled Drugs, Vaccines, Controlled Substances - Legal Aspects 11 Substances - Legal Aspects Bristol (continued) Bristol KPMG/Brakke, KPMG/Brakke, AVMA/Pfizer/CVM Survey 12 AVMA/Pfizer/CVM Survey Bristol (cont) Bristol EXAMINATION, Communication exercise Williams, Communication exercises 13 reviews Gerard due Bristol

Lecture Schedule (continued): Selectives Days 1 Veterinary Jurisprudence, Animals and the Law Jim Wilson 2 Contract Law and Employment Contracts Jim Wilson Credit Management, Pet Health Insurance, Taxes, 3 Medical Records Jim Wilson Chuck Wayner, Fritz 4 Practice and Life Opportunities, Personal Finance Wood 5 Practice Management Mark Opperman 6 Perception of Value Mark Opperman

7 Morning: Difficult veterinary-client interactions Williams, Gerard Afternoon: Professional Development/Practice 7 Mgmt/Large Animal Mgmt Mark Green, Mark Ally Professional Development/Practice Mgmt/Large Animal 8 Mgmt Mark Green, Mark Ally 9 Study day 10 FINAL EXAMINATION Bristol

Reading assignments: Week 2: NC Practice Act (Distributed in class).

Week 3: AVMA Principles of Veterinary Medical Ethics: To reach the Principles of Veterinary Medical Ethics on the AVMA website, Open your browser and type in the following URL: http://www.avma.org/noah/members/policy/avmamedethics.asp You will then be asked to log in and as soon as you do you’ll be brought to the proper page. To log in, use your member ID number. Your password is you last name, with only the first letter capitalized (unless your last name is MacXxxx, or McXxxx, or O’Brien or something similar. For Mc and Mac, type as written above (capitalizing both the M and the next letter you would normally capitalize). For names with apostrophes, eliminate the apostrophe, but capitalize both the letters you would normally capitalize).

Alternatively, you can go to www.avma.org. Click on Member Center. You will be asked to log in. Once logged in, click on “Resource Center” Look under “Recommendations, Articles and References. The second to last choice is Veterinary Medical Ethics of the AVMA, Principles of”. Once you click on that you will be at the current version. Alternatively, you can open your browser and type in the URL: http://www.avma.org/noah/members/policy/avmamedethics.asp You will then be asked to log in and as soon as you do you’ll be brought to the proper page.

Week 6: http://www.r6.fws.gov/poison.pdf

Week 12: KPMG and Pfizer studies (Library reserve)

Attendance policy: All students are expected to attend and participate in the course. Unexcused absences can result in a reduction in course grade not to exceed 10%, or one letter grade.

Academic Integrity Statement: The University Policy on academic integrity is fully endorsed in this course. It is the understanding and expectation of faculty participating in this course that the University Honor Pledge, “I have neither given nor received unauthorized aid on this test or assignment”, applies to all student work. Any violations will result in a report to the faculty Committee on Academic Progress and Student Conduct.

Statement for students with disabilities: Reasonable accommodations will be made for students with verifiable disabilities. In order to take advantage of available accommodations, students must register with Disability Services for Students at 1900 Student Health Center, Campus Box 7509, 515-7653 VMC 962: Veterianry Ethics, Jurisprudence and Profesional Development Week Lecture 1 Lecturer Lecture 2 Lecturer Introduction to course, Definitions, Preparing yourself for post- What is ethics? Background class graduate life: Preparing a resume, Bristol, 1 information Bristol personal budgets Ally Administrative Ethics - NC Types of Ethics, Descriptive, Official, Practice Act, State animal cruelty 2 Administrative, Normative Bristol laws Bristol

Official Ethics: AVMA's Principles 3 of Veterinary Medical Ethics Bristol Animal Rights/ Animal Welfare Fish The Role of Animals in The Complex Connection between Veterinary Training, 4 Humans and Animals Dunning Experimentation and Industry Dunning Ethical Problems in Small Animal Ethics of Animal Behavior 5 Practice Dunning Problems Simpson Ethical Problems in Farm Animal Ethical Problems in Farm Animal 6 Practice Almond Practice Almond Ethical problems in zoo/wildlife 7 Ethical Problems in Equine Practice Mansmann practice Stoskopf EXAMINATION/ Budgets and Williams, 8 Resumes due Bristol Non-verbal communication Gerard Williams, Williams, 9 Getting the story Gerard Roles and choices Gerard The elephant in the room (money Williams, 10 matters) Gerard Euthanasia, grief mangement Counselor Critical things to recognize in Compassion fatigue, stress your clients: emergency 11 management, life balance Counselor counseling needed! Counselor Drugs, Vaccines, Controlled KPMG/Brakke, 12 Substances - Legal Aspects Bristol AVMA/Pfizer/CVM Survey Bristol Williams, EXAMINATION, 13 Communication exercise reviews Gerard Communication exercises due Bristol Selectives Weeks Day Veterinary Jurisprudence, Animals 1 and the Law Jim Wilson Contract Law and Employment 2 Contracts Jim Wilson

Credit Management, Pet Health 3 Insurance, Taxes, Medical Records Jim Wilson Chuck Practice and Life Opportunities, Wayner, 4 Personal Finance Fritz Wood Mark 5 Practice Management Opperman Mark 6 Perception of Value Opperman

Professional Development/Practice Mark Green, 7 Mgmt/Large Animal Mgmt Mark Ally

8 Difficult veterinary-client interactions Williams, Gerard Evaluating practice/job opportunities, 9 preparing for the job interview 10 FINAL EXAMINATION Bristol