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WSAVA Animal Welfare Guidelines for Companion Animal Practitioners and Veterinary Teams

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WSAVA Animal Welfare Guidelines for Companion Animal Practitioners and Veterinary Teams WSAVA Animal Welfare Guidelines for companion animal practitioners and veterinary teams ANIMAL WELFARE GUIDELINES GROUP and co-authors of this document: Shane Ryan BVSc (Hons), MVetStud, CVA, MChiroSc, MRCVS (Singapore) Heather Bacon BSc, BVSc, CertZooMed, MRCVS (UK) Nienke Endenburg PhD (Netherlands) Susan Hazel BVSc, BSc (Vet), PhD, GradCertPublicHealth, GradCertHigherEd, MANZCVS (Animal Welfare) (Australia) Rod Jouppi BA, DVM (Canada) Natasha Lee DVM, MSc (Malaysia) Kersti Seksel BVSc (Hons), MRCVS, MA (Hons), FANZCVS, DACVB, DECAWBM, FAVA (Australia) Gregg Takashima BS, DVM (USA) Page | 2 Table of Contents WSAVA Animal Welfare Guidelines Table of Figures ........................................................................................................................... 6 Preamble ..................................................................................................................................... 7 References .......................................................................................................................................... 9 Chapter 1: Animal welfare - recognition and assessment ............................................................ 10 Recommendations ............................................................................................................................ 10 Background ....................................................................................................................................... 10 What do we mean by animal welfare? ............................................................................................. 11 Animal sentience ............................................................................................................................... 12 Animal welfare science and assessment ........................................................................................... 13 The welfare spectrum and how animals cope .................................................................................. 14 Animal welfare science and animal ethics ........................................................................................ 15 What are our responsibilities to improve animal welfare? Applying animal welfare frameworks .. 15 Animal welfare and society ............................................................................................................... 16 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 17 Checklist ............................................................................................................................................ 17 References ........................................................................................................................................ 18 Chapter 2: Measurement and monitoring of animal welfare ....................................................... 20 Recommendations ............................................................................................................................ 20 Background ....................................................................................................................................... 20 Frameworks for the assessment of animal welfare .......................................................................... 20 Five Animal Welfare Needs ........................................................................................................... 20 Five Domains ................................................................................................................................. 21 Measures of Quality of Life ........................................................................................................... 22 Assessment of animal welfare using the Five Animal Welfare Needs .............................................. 22 Input and output measures of animal welfare ................................................................................. 22 The impact of stress on animal welfare ............................................................................................ 23 Physiological responses to stress ...................................................................................................... 24 Behavioural responses to stress ....................................................................................................... 25 Pain and behaviour ........................................................................................................................... 28 Recognition of animal pain ............................................................................................................... 29 Can we assess the level of pain by observing behaviour? ................................................................ 30 Page | 3 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 30 Checklist ............................................................................................................................................ 30 References ........................................................................................................................................ 30 Chapter 3: Welfare needs surrounding the veterinary visit .......................................................... 33 General .............................................................................................................................................. 33 Why is animal welfare important during the veterinary visit? ......................................................... 33 Assessing animal welfare using the Five Animal Welfare Needs ...................................................... 34 1. The need to be protected from pain, suffering, injury and disease ..................................... 34 2. The need for a suitable environment ................................................................................... 36 3. The need for a suitable diet .................................................................................................. 38 4. The need to be housed with or apart from other animals ................................................... 40 5. The need to be able to exhibit normal behaviour patterns .................................................. 42 Welfare needs during stages of the veterinary visit ......................................................................... 43 Handling and restraint ...................................................................................................................... 44 Record keeping ................................................................................................................................. 44 Workplace Safety and Health ........................................................................................................... 44 Checklist ............................................................................................................................................ 45 References ........................................................................................................................................ 45 Chapter 4: Ethical questions and moral issues ............................................................................. 48 Recommendations ............................................................................................................................ 48 Ethics ................................................................................................................................................. 48 Animal welfare science and animal ethics ........................................................................................ 48 Animal ethical theories ..................................................................................................................... 49 What is a moral problem? ................................................................................................................ 50 Why does it matter? ......................................................................................................................... 50 Approaches to moral problems ........................................................................................................ 50 Common moral problems in veterinary practice ............................................................................... 52 Selective breeding of companion animals .................................................................................... 52 Euthanasia ..................................................................................................................................... 53 Cosmetic and convenience surgeries ............................................................................................ 53 Advanced veterinary treatment.................................................................................................... 54 Client confidentiality ..................................................................................................................... 55 Animal cruelty, mistreatment and neglect ................................................................................... 55 Sterilisation (desexing, spay, neuter, castration).......................................................................... 56 Page | 4 Nutrition-related welfare issues ..................................................................................................
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