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Digital Rhetoric/Digital Media Boyd, Danah

Digital Rhetoric/Digital Media Boyd, Danah

Digital and James P. Zappen

Selected Bibliography A. : Theoretical Perspectives 1. Digital Rhetoric/Digital Media boyd, danah. It’s Complicated: The Social Lives of Networked Teens. New Haven: Yale Press, 2014. Bruns, Axel. , , Second Life, and Beyond: From Production to Produsage. Digital Formations. New York: Peter Lang, 2008. Carr, Nicholas. The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains. New York: W. W. Norton, 2011. The of Emerging Media: , Social Norms, and . Ed. Bruce E. Drushel and Kathleen German. New York: Continuum International Publishing Group, 2011. Eyman, Douglas. Digital Rhetoric: Theory, Method, Practice. . Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2015. Gurak, Laura J. Cyberliteracy: Navigating the Internet with Awareness. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001. —. and Privacy in Cyberspace: The Online Protests over Lotus MarketPlace and the Clipper Chip. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997. Keen, Andrew. The Cult of the Amateur: How Today’s Internet Is Killing Our Culture. New York: Doubleday, Currency, 2007. Lanier, Jaron. You Are Not a Gadget: A Manifesto. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2010. Lessig, Lawrence. Code: Version 2.0. New York: Perseus Books Group, Basic Books, 2006. —. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008. Lévy, Pierre. Becoming Virtual: Reality in the Digital Age. Trans. Robert Bononno. New York: Plenum Press, Plenum Trade, 1998. —. Collective Intelligence: Mankind’s Emerging World in Cyberspace. Trans. Robert Bononno. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Perseus Books Group, Helix Books, 1997. Manovich, Lev. The Language of New Media. Leonardo. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2001. Miller, Carolyn R. “ in a Culture of Simulation: Ethos Online.” In The of Writing: Transdisciplinary Perspectives on the Technology of Writing, ed. Patrick Coppock, 253-79. Semiotic and Cognitive Studies. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2001. Nass, Clifford, with Corina Yen. The Man Who Lied to His Laptop: What Machines Teach Us about Human Relationships. New York: Penguin Group, Current, 2010.

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Palfrey, John, and Urs Gasser. Born Digital: Understanding the First Generation of Digital Natives. New York: Perseus Books Group, Basic Books, 2008. Pariser, Eli. The : How the New Personalized Web Is Changing What We Read and How We Think. New York: Penguin Group, Penguin Press, 2011. Potts, Liza. in Disaster Response: How Experience Architects Can Build for Participation. ATTW Book Series in Technical and Professional . New York: Taylor and Francis, Routledge, 2014. Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: Creativity and Generosity in a Connected Age. New York: Penguin Press, 2010. Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. 2004. New York: Random House, Anchor Books, 2005. Tapscott, Don, and Anthony D. Williams. Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything. New York: Penguin Group, Portfolio, 2006. Theorizing Digital Rhetoric. Ed. Aaron Hess and Amber Davisson. New York: Taylor and Francis, Routledge, 2018. Turkle, Sherry. Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other. New York: Perseus Books Group, Basic Books, 2011. —. Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet. New York: Simon and Shuster, 1995. Vaidhyanathan, Siva. The Googlization of Everything (and Why We Should Worry). Berkeley: University of California Press, 2011. Warnick, Barbara. in a Digital Era: Technology, Rhetoric, and the Public Interest. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2002. Warnick, Barbara, and David S. Heineman. Rhetoric Online: The of New Media. 2nd ed. Frontiers in , Vol. 22. New York: Peter Lang Publishing, 2012. Weinberger, David. Too Big to Know: Rethinking Knowledge Now That the Facts Aren’t the Facts, Experts Are Everywhere, and the Smartest Person in the Room Is the Room. New York: Perseus Books Group, Basic Books, 2011. Zappen, James P. “Digital Rhetoric: Toward an Integrated Theory.” Quarterly 14.3 (2005): 319-25. Zittrain, Jonathan. The Future of the Internet and How to Stop It. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008.

2. The New Materialism/Material Barad, Karen. Meeting the Universe Halfway: Quantum Physics and the Entanglement of Matter and . Durham: Duke University Press, 2007. Bennett, Jane. Vibrant Matter: A Political Ecology of Things. Durham: Duke University Press, 2010.

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Blair, Carole. “Contemporary U.S. Memorial Sites as Exemplars of Rhetoric’s Materiality.” In Rhetorical Bodies, ed. Jack Selzer and Sharon Crowley, 16-57. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1999. Blair, Carole, Greg Dickinson, and Brian L. Ott. “Introduction: Rhetoric/Memory/Place.” In Places of Public Memory: The Rhetoric of Museums and Memorials, ed. Greg Dickinson, Carole Blair, and Brian L. Ott, 1-54. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2010. Bogost, Ian. Alien Phenomenology, or What It's Like to Be a Thing. Posthumanities 20. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2012. Bohr, Niels. “The Quantum Postulate and the Recent Development of Atomic Theory.” In Atomic Theory and the Description of Nature, 52-91. Vol. 1 of The Philosophical of Niels Bohr. 1927. Woodbridge, CT: Ox Bow Press, 1987. The Cambridge Companion to Heidegger. Ed. Charles B. Guignon. Cambridge Companions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. The Cambridge Companion to Heidegger’s Being and Time. Ed. Mark A. Wrathall. Cambridge Companions to . New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013. Cloud, Dana L. “The Materiality of as Oxymoron: A Challenge to Critical Rhetoric.” Western Journal of Communication 58.3 (1994): 141- 63. —. “‘The Limbo of Ethical Simulacra’: A Reply to Ron Greene.” Philosophy and Rhetoric 39.1 (2006): 72-84. Dreyfus, Hubert L. “Heidegger on the Connection between Nihilism, Art, Technology, and Politics.” In The Cambridge Companion to Heidegger, ed. Charles B. Guignon, 289-316. Cambridge Companions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. Eddington, Sir Arthur [S.]. The Nature of the Physical World. 1928. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor Paperbacks, 1958. Einstein, Albert, and Leopold Infeld. The Evolution of Physics: The Growth of Ideas from Early Concepts to Relativity and Quanta. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1938. Einstein, A[lbert], B[oris] Podolsky, and N[athan] Rosen. “Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete?” Physical Review 47 (May 15, 1935): 777-80. “Forum: Bruno Latour on Rhetoric.” Rhetoric Society Quarterly 47.5 (2017): 403-62. Fultner, Barbara. “Heidegger’s Pragmatic-Existential Theory of Language and Assertion.” In The Cambridge Companion to Heidegger’s Being and Time, ed. Mark A. Wrathall, 201-22. Cambridge Companions to Philosophy. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013. Greene, Ronald Walter. “Another Materialist Rhetoric.” Critical Studies in Media Communication 15.1 (1998): 21–41. —. “Rhetoric and : Rhetorical Agency as Communicative Labor.” Philosophy and Rhetoric 37.3 (2004): 188-206.

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Harman, Graham. Guerilla Metaphysics: Phenomenology and the Carpentry of Things. Chicago: Carus, Open Court, 2005. —. “Graham Harman: Art without Relations.” ArtReview. Sept. 2014. http://artreview.com/features/september_2014_graham_harman_relations/ Hayles, N. Katherine. How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Informatics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999. —. How We Think: Digital Media and Contemporary Technogenesis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012. Heidegger, Martin. Being and Time. Trans. John Macquarrie and Edward Robinson. 1935. New York: HarperCollins, HarperPerennial Modern Thought, 2008. —. “Building Dwelling Thinking.” In Poetry, Language, Thought, trans. Alfred Hofstadter. 1971. New York: HarperCollins, HarperPerennial Modern Thought, 2013. —. “The Question Concerning Technology.” In The Question Concerning Technology and Other Essays, trans. William Lovitt, 3-35. 1954. New York: HarperCollins, HarperPerennial Modern Thought, 2013. —. What is a Thing? Trans. W. B. Barton, Jr., and Vera Deutsch. 1935-36. Chicago: Henry Regnery, 1967. Jørgensen, Finn Arne. “The Internet of Things.” In A New Companion to Digital Humanities, ed. Susan Schreibman, Ray Siemens, and John Unsworth, 42-53. Malden, MA: John Wiley and Sons, Wiley Blackwell, 2016. Katz, Steven B. “Burke’s New Body? The Problem of Virtual Material, and Motive, in Object Oriented Philosophy.” KB Journal: The Journal of the Society 11.1 (2015). http://kbjournal.org/katz_burkes_new_body Latour, Bruno. Pandora’s Hope: Essays on the Reality of Science Studies. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999. Peters, John Durham. The Marvelous Clouds. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015. Rhetoric, through Everyday Things. Ed. Scot Barnett and Casey Boyle. Rhetoric, Culture, and Social Critique. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2016 Rickert, Thomas. Ambient Rhetoric: The Attunements of Rhetorical Being. Series in , Literacy, and Culture. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2013. Wrathall, Mark A. Heidegger and Unconcealment: Truth, Language, and History. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. Wrathall, Mark A., and Max Murphey. “An Overview of Being and Time.” In The Cambridge Companion to Heidegger’s Being and Time, ed. Mark A. Wrathall, 1-53. Cambridge Companions to Philosophy. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013. Young, Julian. Heidegger’s Later Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.

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Zappen, James P. “Digital Rhetoric and the Internet of Things.” Theorizing Digital Rhetoric, ed. Aaron Hess and Amber Davisson, 55-67. New York: Taylor and Francis, Routledge, 2018.

3. Place Theories/Place Rhetorics Ahearne, Jeremy. Michel de Certeau: Interpretation and Its Other. Key Contemporary Thinkers. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 1995. de Certeau, Michel. The Practice of Everyday Life. Trans. Steven Rendall. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984. de Certeau, Michel, Luce Giard, and Pierre Mayol. The Practice of Everyday Life. Vol. 2: Living and Cooking. Rev. ed. Ed. Luce Giard. Trans. Timothy J. Tomasik. 1994. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1998. de Souza e Silva, Adriana. “Adriana deSouza e Silva.mov.” YouTube, June 11, 2012. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C1fUIHg88HI de Souza e Silva, Adriana, and Jordan Frith. Mobile Interfaces in Public Spaces: Locational Privacy, Control, and Urban Sociability. New York: Taylor and Francis, Routledge, 2012. Edbauer, Jenny. “Unframing Models of Public Distribution: From Rhetorical Situation to Rhetorical Ecologies.” Rhetoric Society Quarterly 35.4 (2005): 5-24. Frith, Jordan. as Locative Media. Digital Media and Society. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2015. Gordon, Eric, and Adriana de Souza e Silva. Net Locality: Why Location Matters in a Networked World. Malden, MA: John Wiley and Sons, Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. Heidegger, Martin. “Building Dwelling Thinking.” In Poetry, Language, Thought, trans. Albert Hofstadter, 141-59. 1971. New York: HarperCollins, Harper Perennial Modern Thought, 2013. McQuire, Scott. Geomedia: Networked Cities and the Future of Public Space. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2016. Rice, Jeff. Digital Detroit: Rhetoric and Space in the Age of the Network. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2012. Zappen, James P. “New York City as Dwelling Place: Reinventing the American Dream in Steven Millhauser’s Martin Dressler, Joseph O’Neill’s Netherland, and Atticus Lish’s Preparation for the Next Life.” The Journal of American Culture 39.2 (2016): 141-54.

4. Affect Theories/Affective Rhetorics Ahmed, Sara. The Cultural Politics of Emotion. New York: Routledge, 2004. The Cambridge Companion to Spinoza’s Ethics. Ed. Olli Koistinen. Cambridge Companions to Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Chaput, Catherine. “Rhetorical Circulation in Late Capitalism: Neoliberalism and the Overdetermination of Affective Energy.” Philosophy and Rhetoric 43.1 (2010): 1-25.

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Dean, Jodi. “Affect and Drive.” In Networked Affect, ed. Ken Hillis, Susanna Paasonen, and Michael Petit, 89-100. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2015. Deleuze, Gilles, and Félix Guattari. A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia. Trans. Brian Massumi. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1987. Edbauer, Jenny. “Unframing Models of Public Distribution: From Rhetorical Situation to Rhetorical Ecologies.” Rhetoric Society Quarterly 35.4 (2005): 5-24. Fink, Bruce. Lacan to the Letter: Érits Closely. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2004. Hillis, Ken. “The and Online Affect.” In Networked Affect, ed. Ken Hillis, Susanna Paasonen, and Michael Petit, 75-88. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2015. Lacan, Jacques. “The Instance of the Letter in the Unconscious: Or Reason Since Freud.” 1957. In Érits: The First Complete Edition in English, trans. Bruce Fink, with Héloïse Fink and Russell Grigg, 412-41. 1966. New York: Norton, 2002. —. “Position of the Unconscious.” 1960, 1964. In Érits: The First Complete Edition in English, trans. Bruce Fink, with Héloïse Fink and Russell Grigg, 703-21. 1966. New York: Norton, 2002. —. “The Subversion of the Subject and the Dialectic of Desire in the Freudian Unconscious.” 1960. In Érits: The First Complete Edition in English, trans. Bruce Fink, with Héloïse Fink and Russell Grigg, 671-702. 1966. New York: Norton, 2002. Lord, Beth. Spinoza’s Ethics. Edinburgh Philosophical Guides Series. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2010. Massumi, Brian. Parables for the Virtual: Movement, Affect, Sensation. Post- Contemporary Interventions. Durham: Duke University Press, 2002. Networked Affect. Ed. Ken Hillis, Susanna Paasonen, and Michael Petit. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2015. Paasonen, Susanna, Ken Hillis, and Michael Petit. “Introduction: Networks of Transmission: Intensity, Sensation, Value.” In Networked Affect, ed. Ken Hillis, Susanna Paasonen, and Michael Petit, 1-24. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2015. Rice, Jenny. “From Architectonic to Tectonics: Introducing Regional Rhetorics.” Rhetoric Society Quarterly 42.3 (2012): 201-13. Rice, Jenny Edbauer. “The New ‘New’: Making a Case for Critical Affect Studies.” Quarterly Journal of 94.2 (2008): 200-12.

Spinoza, Baruch. “Ethics.” In Spinoza: Complete Works, trans. Samuel Shirley, ed. Michael L. Morgan, 213-382. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing, 2002. Zappen, James P. “Affective Identification in Jennifer Egan’s A Visit from the Goon Squad.” LIT: Literature Interpretation Theory 27.4 (2016): 294-309. Taylor and Francis LIT Listing: http://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/ZsrhGb5UQYiAmnTfz3a7/full

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—. “Affective Rhetoric in ’s Internet Culture.” Present Tense: A Journal of Rhetoric in Society 6.1 (2016). http://www.presenttensejournal.org/volume-6/affective- rhetoric-in-chinas-internet-culture/

5. Procedural and Rhetorics Bogost, Ian. Persuasive Games: The Expressive Power of Videogames. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2007. Brown, James J., Jr. Ethical Programs: Hospitality and the Rhetorics of Software. Digital Humanities. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2015. —. “The Machine That Therefore I Am.” Philosophy and Rhetoric 47.4 (2014): 494-514. Brown, James J., Jr., and Nathaniel A. Rivers. “Composing the Carpenter’s Workshop.” O-Zone: A Journal of Object-Oriented Studies 1 (2014): 27-36. http://static1.squarespace.com/static/50b4d1aee4b0214dc1f68c69/t/53600548e4b07d a960fdcbd9/1398801736657/04_Brown_Rivers_Carpenter%27s_Workshop_OZone_V ol1.pdf

6. Text Theory Allen, Graham. Intertextuality. New Critical Idiom. London: Taylor and Francis, Routledge, 2000. Condit, Celeste Michelle. “The Rhetorical Limits of Polysemy.” In Contemporary Rhetorical Theory: A Reader, ed. John Louis Lucaites, Celeste Michelle Condit, and Sally Caudill, 494-511. Revisioning Rhetoric. New York: Guilford Press, 1999. Fish, Stanley. Is There a Text in This Class? The Authority of Interpretive Communities. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1980. Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. The Signifying Monkey: A Theory of African-American . New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. McGee, Michael Calvin. “Text, Context, and the Fragmentation of Contemporary Culture.” In Contemporary Rhetorical Theory: A Reader, ed. John Louis Lucaites, Celeste Michelle Condit, and Sally Caudill, 65-78. Revisioning Rhetoric. New York: Guilford Press, 1999.

7. Narrative Theory/Digital Storytelling Assmann, Jan. “Communicative and Cultural Memory.” In A Companion to Cultural Memory Studies, ed. Astrid Erll and Ansgar Nünning, 109-118. Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2010. Bartlett, F. C. Remembering: A Study in Experimental and Social Psychology. Cambridge Psychological Library. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1932. Campbell, Joseph. The Hero with a Thousand Faces. Bollingen Series 17. New York: Pantheon Books, 1949. A Companion to Cultural Memory Studies. Ed. Astrid Erll and Ansgar Nünning. Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2010.

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Digital Storytelling, Mediatized Stories: Self-Representations in New Media. Ed. Knut Lundby. Digital Formations 52. New York: Peter Lang, 2008. Fisher, Walter R. Human Communication as Narration: Toward a Philosophy of Reason, Value, and Action. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1987. Friedlander, Larry. “Narrative Strategies in a Digital Age: Authorship and Authority.” In Digital Storytelling, Mediatized Stories: Self-Representations in New Media, ed. Knut Lundby, 177-94. Digital Formations 52. New York: Peter Lang, 2008. Kaare, Birgit Hertzberg, and Knut Lundby. “Mediatized Lives: Autobiography and Assumed Authenticity in Digital Storytelling.” In Digital Storytelling, Mediatized Stories: Self-Representations in New Media, ed. Knut Lundby, 105-22. Digital Formations 52. New York: Peter Lang, 2008. Kearney, Richard. On Paul Ricoeur: The Owl of Minerva. Transcending Boundaries in Philosophy and Theology. Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate Publishing, 2004. Kirkwood, William G. “Narrative and the Rhetoric of Possibility.” Communication Monographs 59.1 (1992): 30-47. Lévi-Strauss, Claude. “The Structural Study of Myth.” Journal of American Folklore 68.270 (1955): 428-44. McClure, Kevin. “Resurrecting the Narrative Paradigm: Identification and the Case of Young Earth Creationism.” Rhetoric Society Quarterly 39.2 (2009): 189-211. Murray, Janet H. Hamlet on the Holodeck: The Future of Narrative in Cyberspace. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1997. Nelson, Mark Evan, and Glynda A. Hull. “Self-Presentation through : A Bakhtinian Perspective on Digital Storytelling.” In Digital Storytelling, Mediatized Stories: Self-Representations in New Media, ed. Knut Lundby, 123-41. Digital Formations 52. New York: Peter Lang, 2008. New Narratives: Stories and Storytelling in the Digital Age. Ed. Ruth Page and Bronwen Thomas. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2011. Propp, V. Morphology of the Folktale. Trans. Lawrence Scott. 2nd ed. American Folklore Society Bibliographical and Special Series 9 and Indiana University Research Center in Anthropology, Folklore, and 10. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1968. Punday, Daniel. “From Synesthesia to Multimedia: How to Talk about New Media Narrative.” In New Narratives: Stories and Storytelling in the Digital Age, ed. Ruth Page and Bronwen Thomas, 19-34. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2011. Ricoeur, Paul. Time and Narrative, Vol. 3. Trans. Kathleen Blamey and David Pellauer. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988. Ryan, Marie-Laure. “The Interactive Onion: Layers of User Participation in Digital Narrative Texts.” In New Narratives: Stories and Storytelling in the Digital Age, ed. Ruth Page and Bronwen Thomas, 35-62. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2011.

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—. Narrative as Virtual Reality: Immersion and in Literature and Electronic Media. Parallax: Re-Visions of Culture and Society. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001. Straub, Jürgen. “Psychology, Narrative, and Cultural Memory: Past and Present.” In A Companion to Cultural Memory Studies, ed. Astrid Erll and Ansgar Nünning, 215-28. Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2010. Thomas, Bronwen. “’Update Soon!’ Harry Potter Fanfiction and Narrative as a Participatory Process.” In New Narratives: Stories and Storytelling in the Digital Age, ed. Ruth Page and Bronwen Thomas, 205-19. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2011. Warnick, Barbara. “The Narrative Paradigm: Another Story.” Quarterly Journal of Speech 73.2 (1987): 172-82. Wertsch, James V. Voices of Collective Remembering. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Zappen, James P., Sui Duan, and Fanruo Zhang. “From Task-Based to Story-Based Language Learning: Teaching Beginning Mandarin through Dramatizations of Chinese Fables.” In Chinese L2 Theory and Practice: Selected Papers of CLEF 2012, 98-123. Santa Clara, California: CLERC Publishing, Nan Hai Books, 2013.

3. /Digital Literature Aarseth, Espen J. : Perspectives on . Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997. Analyzing Digital Fiction. Ed. Alice Bell, Astrid Ensslin, and Hans Rustad. Routledge Studies in Rhetoric and Stylistics. New York: Taylor and Francis, Routledge, 2014. Ciccoricco, David. “Digital Fiction and Worlds of Perspective.” In Analyzing Digital Fiction, ed. Alice Bell, Astrid Ensslin, and Hans Rustad, 39-56. Routledge Studies in Rhetoric and Stylistics. New York: Taylor and Francis, Routledge, 2014. Hayles, N. Katherine. : New Horizons for the Literary. University of Notre Dame Ward-Phillips Lectures in English Language and Literature. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 2008. —. My Mother Was a : Digital Subjects and Literary Texts. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005. Rettberg, Scott. “Electronic Literature as Digital Humanities.” In A New Companion to Digital Humanities, ed. Susan Schreibman, Ray Siemens, and John Unsworth, 127-36. Malden, MA: John Wiley and Sons, 2016. Thomas, Bronwen. “140 Characters in Search of a Story: Twitterfiction as an Emerging Narrative Form.” In Analyzing Digital Fiction, ed. Alice Bell, Astrid Ensslin, and Hans Rustad, 94-108. Routledge Studies in Rhetoric and Stylistics. New York: Taylor and Francis, Routledge, 2014.

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B. Traditional Media Theory 1. Orality and Literacy Havelock, Eric A. Preface to Plato. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, Belknap Press, 1963. Ong, Walter J. Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the Word. 1982. New Accents. London: Routledge, 1988. —. Ramus, Method, and the Decay of Dialogue: From the Art of Discourse to the Art of Reason. 1958. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, Octagon Books, 1974.

2. Plato (circa 429-347 B.C.E.) Kahn, Charles H. “Did Plato Write Socratic Dialogues?” In Essays on the Philosophy of Socrates, ed. Hugh H. Benson, 35-52. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992. —. “Drama and Dialectic in Plato’s Gorgias.” Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 1 (1983): 75-121. —. Plato and the Socratic Dialogue: The Philosophical Use of a Literary Form. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Plato. Gorgias. In Lysis, Symposium, Gorgias, trans. W. R. M. Lamb, 247-533. Vol. 3 of Plato. Loeb Classical Library, Vol. 166. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1925. —. Phaedrus. In Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, Phaedo, Phaedrus, trans. Harold North Fowler, 405-579. Vol. 1 of Plato. Loeb Classical Library, Vol. 36. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1914. —. Plato’s Phaedrus. Trans. R. Hackforth. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1952. —. The Republic. Trans. Paul Shorey. Vols. 5, rev. ed., and 6 of Plato. Loeb Classical Library, Vols. 237 and 276. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1930 (rev. 1937), 1935. —. The Republic of Plato. Trans. Francis MacDonald Cornford. London: Oxford University Press, 1941.

3. (384-322 B.C.E.) Aristotle. The “Art” of Rhetoric. Trans. John Henry Freese. Loeb Classical Library, Vol. 193. London: William Heinemann, 1926. —. The Nicomachean Ethics. Trans. H. Rackham. Rev. ed. Loeb Classical Library, Vol. 73. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1934. —. On Interpretation. In The Categories, On Interpretation, trans. Harold P. Cooke; Prior Analytics, trans. Hugh Tredennick, 111-79. Loeb Classical Library, Vol. 325. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1938. —. On Rhetoric: A Theory of Civic Discourse. Trans. George A. Kennedy. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.

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—. Posterior Analytics. In Posterior Analytics, trans. Hugh Tredennick; Topica, trans. E. S. Forster, 1-261. Loeb Classical Library, Vol. 391. London: William Heinemann, 1960. —. Prior Analytics. In The Categories, On Interpretation, trans. Harold P. Cooke; Prior Analytics, trans. Hugh Tredennick, 181-551. Loeb Classical Library, Vol. 325. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1938. Farrell, Thomas B. Norms of Rhetorical Culture. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993. Halloran, S. Michael. “Aristotle’s Concept of Ethos, or If Not His Somebody Else’s.” Rhetoric Review 1.1 (1982): 58-63. Introduction to Aristotle. Ed. Richard McKeon. 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1973. Kennedy, George A. Classical Rhetoric and Its Christian and Secular Tradition from Ancient to Modern Times. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999. Leff, Michael [C.]. “Topical Invention and Metaphoric Interaction.” Southern Speech Communication Journal 48.3 (1983): 214-29. —. “The Topics of Argumentative Invention in Latin Rhetorical Theory from Cicero to Boethius.” Rhetorica: A Journal of the History of Rhetoric 1.1 (1983): 23-44. Raymond, James C. “Enthymemes, Examples, and Rhetorical Method.” In Essays on Classical Rhetoric and Modern Discourse, ed. Robert J. Connors, Lisa S. Ede, and Andrea A. Lunsford, 140-51, 280-81. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1984. Reynolds, Nedra. “Ethos as Location: New Sites for Understanding Discursive Authority.” Rhetoric Review: 11.2 (1993): 325-38.

C. Contemporary Media Theory 1. (1892-1940) Benjamin, Walter. The Arcades Project. Trans. Howard Eiland and Kevin McLaughlin. 1982. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, Belknap Press 1999. —. “The Work of Art in the Age of Its Technological Reproducibility: Second Version.” In The Work of Art in the Age of Its Technological Reproducibility, and Other Writings on Media, ed. Michael W. Jennings, Brigid Doherty, and Thomas Y. Levin, trans. Edmund Jephcott, Rodney Livingstone, Howard Eiland, and Others, 19-65. 1935-36. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, Belknap Press, 2008. Cohen, Margaret. “Benjamin’s Phantasmagoria: The Arcades Project.” In The Cambridge Companion to Walter Benjamin, ed. David S. Ferris, 199-220. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. Mieskowski, Jan. “Art Forms.” In The Cambridge Companion to Walter Benjamin, ed. David S. Ferris, 35-53. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. Wolin, Richard. Walter Benjamin: An Aesthetic of Redemption. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994. 11

2. Marshall McLuhan (1911-1980) Genosko, Gary. McLuhan and Baudrillard: The Masters of Implosion. London: Routledge, 1999. Taylor and Francis e-Library, 2001. Accessible via the RensSearch ebrary. McLuhan, Marshall. The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1962. —. The Medium is the Massage: An Inventory of Effects. 1967. Carte Madera, CA: Gingko Press, 2001. —. Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man. 1964. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1994. McLuhan, Marshall, and Eric McLuhan. of Media: The New Science. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1988. McLuhan, Marshall, and Bruce R. Powers. The Global Village: Transformations in World Life and Media in the 21st Century. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

3. (1915-1980) Barthes, Roland. “The Death of the Author.” In Image — Music — Text, trans. Stephen Heath, 142-48. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, Hill and Wang, 1977. —. “From Work to Text.” In Image — Music — Text, trans. Stephen Heath, 155-64. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, Hill and Wang, 1977. —. “Rhetoric of the Image.” In Image — Music — Text, trans. Stephen Heath, 32-51. New York: Hill and Wang, 1977. Reprinted in The Responsibility of Forms: Critical Essays on Music, Art, and Representation, trans. Richard Howard, 21-40. 1985. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991. —. S/Z. Trans. Richard Miller. New York: Hill and Wang, 1970.

4. Michel Foucault (1926-1984) Bernauer, James W., and Michael Mahon. “The Ethics of Michel Foucault.” In The Cambridge Companion to Foucault, ed. Gary Gutting, 141-58. Cambridge Companions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. The Cambridge Companion to Foucault. Ed. Gary Gutting. Cambridge Companions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. Dreyfus, Hubert L., and Paul Rabinow. Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics. 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983. Foucault, Michel. The Archaeology of Knowledge and The Discourse on Language. Trans. A. M. Sheridan Smith. 1969, 1971. New York: Random House, Pantheon Books, 1972. —. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Trans. Alan Sheridan. 1975, 1977. New York: Random House, Vintage Books, 1979.

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—. Ethics: Subjectivity and Truth. Ed. Paul Rabinow. Trans. Robert Hurley and others. Vol. 1 of The Essential Works of Michel Foucault, 1954-1984. New York: New Press, 1997. —, ed. I, Pierre Rivière, having slaughtered my mother, my sister, and my brother . . . : A Case of Parricide in the 19th Century. Trans. Frank Jellinek. 1973, 1975. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, Bison Book, 1982. —. The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences. World of Man. 1966, 1971. New York: Random House, Vintage Books, 1973. —. “Self Writing.” In Ethics: Subjectivity and Truth, ed. Paul Rabinow, trans. Robert Hurley and others, 207-22. Vol. 1 of The Essential Works of Michel Foucault, 1954- 1984. New York: New Press, 1997. —. “ of the Self.” In Ethics: Subjectivity and Truth, ed. Paul Rabinow, trans. Robert Hurley and others, 223-51. Vol. 1 of The Essential Works of Michel Foucault, 1954-1984. New York: New Press, 1997. Gutting, Gary. Michel Foucault’s Archaeology of Scientific Reason. Modern European Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

5. Jean Baudrillard (1929-2007) Baudrillard, Jean. For a Critique of the Political Economy of the Sign. Trans. Charles Levin. 1972. St. Louis: Telos Press, 1981. —. The Mirror of Production. Trans. Mark Poster. 1973. St. Louis: Telos Press, 1975. —. “The Precession of Simulacra.” In Simulacra and Simulation, trans. Sheila Faria Glaser, 1-42. 1978. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1994. —. Symbolic Exchange and Death. Trans. Iain Hamilton Grant. Theory, Culture and Society. 1976. London: Sage Publications, 1993. —. The System of Objects. Trans. James Benedict. 1968. London: Verso, 1996. Genosko, Gary. Baudrillard and Signs: Signification Ablaze. London: Routledge, 1994. —. McLuhan and Baudrillard: The Masters of Implosion. London: Routledge, 1999. Taylor and Francis e-Library, 2001. Accessible via the RensSearch ebrary. Hegarty, Paul. Jean Baudrillard: Live Theory. London: Continuum, 2004. Merrin, William. Baudrillard and the Media: A Critical Introduction. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Polity Press, 2005.

6. Jacques Derrida (1930-2004) Derrida, Jacques. Margins of Philosophy. Trans. Alan Bass. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982. —. Of Grammatology. Trans. Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1974. Johns Hopkins Paperbacks, 1976. —. Of Hospitality: Anne Dufourmantelle Invites Jacques Derrida to Respond. Trans. Rachel Bowlby. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2000.

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—. “Plato’s Pharmacy.” In Dissemination, trans. Barbara Johnson, 61-171. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981. —. The Post Card: From Socrates to Freud and Beyond. Trans. Alan Bass. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987. —. Writing and Difference. Trans. Alan Bass. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978. Leitch, Vincent B. Deconstructive Criticism: An Advanced Introduction. New York: Columbia University Press, 1983. Neel, Jasper. Plato, Derrida, and Writing. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1988. Norris, Christopher. Derrida. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1987.

7. Julia Kristeva (1941- ) Beardsworth, Sara. Julia Kristeva: Psychoanalysis and Modernity. SUNY Series in Theory. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2004. Debord, Guy. Comments on the Society of the Spectacle. 1988. Trans. Malcom Imrie. 1990. London: Verso, 1998. —. Society of the Spectacle. 1967, 1977. Detroit: Black and Red, 1983. Keltner, S. K. Kristeva: Thresholds. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2011. Kristeva, Julia. Desire in Language: A Semiotic Approach to Literature and Art. Ed. Leon S. Roudiez. Trans. Thomas Gora, Alice Jardine, and Leon S. Roudiez. 1969. New York: Columbia University Press, 1980. —. Intimate Revolt: The Powers and Limits of Psychoanalysis. Vol. 2. Trans. Jeanine Herman. European Perspectives. 1997. New York: Columbia University Press, 2002. —. New Maladies of the Soul. Trans. Ross Guberman. European Perspectives. 1993. New York: Columbia University Press, 1995. —. Revolution in Poetic Language. Trans. Margaret Waller. 1974. New York: Columbia University Press, 1984. —. The Sense and Non-Sense of Revolt: The Powers and Limits of Psychoanalysis. Vol. 1. Trans. Jeanine Herman. European Perspectives. 1996. New York: Columbia University Press, 2000. —. Tales of Love. Trans. Leon S. Roudiez. 1983. New York: Columbia University Press, 1987.

D. Contemporary Rhetorical Theory 1. Rhetorical Theory and Criticism Bender, John, and David E. Wellbery, ed. The Ends of Rhetoric: History, Theory, Practice. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990.

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Contemporary Rhetorical Theory: A Reader. Ed. John Louis Lucaites, Ceeste Michelle Condit, and Sally Caudill. Revisioning Rhetoric. New York: Guilford Press, 1999. Hauser, Gerard A. Introduction to Rhetorical Theory. Speech Communication Series. New York: Harper and Row, Publishers, 1986. Kastely, James L. Rethinking the Rhetorical Tradition: From Plato to Postmodernism. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1997. Rhetorics of Display. Ed. Lawrence J. Prelli. Studies in Rhetoric/Communication. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2006. Twentieth-Century Rhetorics and Rhetoricians: Critical Studies and Sources. Ed. Michael G. Moran and Michelle Ballif. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2000. Pullman, George. Persuasion: History, Theory, Practice. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing, 2013.

2. Mikhail M. Bakhtin (1895-1975) Allen, Graham. Intertextuality. New Critical Idiom. London: Routledge, 2000. Bakhtin, M[ikhail] M. “Discourse in the Novel.” In The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays, ed. Michael Holquist, trans. Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist, 259-422. University of Texas Press Slavic Series, No. 1. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1981. —. “From Notes Made in 1970-71.” In Speech Genres and Other Late Essays, ed. Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist, trans. Vern W. McGee, 132-58. University of Texas Press Slavic Series, No. 8. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1986. —. “The Problem of Speech Genres.” In Speech Genres and Other Late Essays, ed. Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist, trans. Vern W. McGee, 60-102. University of Texas Press Slavic Series, No. 8. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1986. —. Problems of Dostoevsky’s Poetics. Ed. and trans. Caryl Emerson. Theory and History of Literature, Vol. 8. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1984. —. Rabelais and His World, trans. Hélène Iswolsky. 1968. Reprint, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, Midland Book, 1984. —. “Response to a Question from the Novy Mir Editorial Staff.” In Speech Genres and Other Late Essays, ed. Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist, trans. Vern W. McGee, 1-7. University of Texas Press Slavic Series, No. 8. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1986. —. “Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences.” In Speech Genres and Other Late Essays, ed. Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist, trans. Vern W. McGee, 159-72. University of Texas Press Slavic Series, No. 8. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1986. Emerson, Caryl. The First Hundred Years of Mikhail Bakhtin. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997. —. “The Next Hundred Years of Mikhail Bakhtin (The View from the Classroom).” Rhetoric Review 19.1/2 (2000): 12-27. Farmer, Frank. Saying and Silence: Listening to Composition with Bakhtin. Logan: Utah State University Press, 2001.

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Halasek, Kay. A of Possibility: Bakhtinian Perspectives on . Rhetoric and Composition. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1999. Morson, Gary Saul, and Caryl Emerson. Mikhail Bakhtin: Creation of a Prosaics. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990.

3. Kenneth Burke (1897-1993) Burke, Kenneth. Attitudes Toward History. 3rd ed. 1937. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984. —. Auscultation, Creation, and Revision: The Rout of the Esthetes: Literature, , and Beyond. In Extensions of the Burkeian System, ed. James W. Chesebro, 42-172. 1931-32. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1993. —. Essays Toward a Symbolic of Motives, 1950-1955. Ed. William H. Rueckert. West Lafayette, Indiana: Parlor Press, 2007. —. A Grammar of Motives. 1945. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969. —. Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life, Literature, and Method. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1966. —. “Linguistic Approach to Problems of .” In Modern and Education: The Fifty-Fourth Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education, Part I, ed. Nelson B. Henry, 259-303. Chicago: National Society for the Study of Education/University of Chicago Press, 1955. —. “On Persuasion, Identification, and Dialectical Symmetry.” Edited with Introduction by James [P.] Zappen. Philosophy and Rhetoric 39.4 (2006): 333-39. —. Permanence and Change: An Anatomy of Purpose. 3rd ed. 1935. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984. —. “Rhetoric—Old and New.” Journal of General Education 5.3 (April 1951): 202-9. —. A Rhetoric of Motives. 1950. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969. —. “Why Satire, with a Plan for Writing One.” Michigan Quarterly Review 13.4 (1974): 307-37. Charland, Maurice. “Constitutive Rhetoric: The Case of the Peuple Québécois.” Quarterly Journal of Speech 73.2 (1987): 133-50. Crusius, Timothy W. “A Case for Kenneth Burke’s Dialectic and Rhetoric.” Philosophy and Rhetoric 19.1 (1986): 23-37. —. Kenneth Burke and the after Philosophy. Rhetorical Philosophy and Theory. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1999. Farrell, Thomas B. Norms of Rhetorical Culture. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993. George, Ann, and Jack Selzer. Kenneth Burke in the 1930s. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2007.

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Halloran, S. Michael. “Aristotle’s Concept of Ethos, or If Not His Somebody Else’s.” Rhetoric Review 1.1 (1982): 58-63. Reynolds, Nedra. “Ethos as Location: New Sites for Understanding Discursive Authority.” Rhetoric Review: 11.2 (1993): 325-38. Weiser, M. Elizabeth. Burke, War, Words: Rhetoricizing . Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2008. Wolin, Ross. The Rhetorical Imagination of Kenneth Burke. Studies in Rhetoric/Communication. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2001.

Zappen, James P. “Burke, Kenneth.” International Encyclopedia of and Philosophy. Ed. Klaus Bruhn Jensen, Robert T. Craig, Jefferson D. Pooley, and Eric W. Rothenbuhler. Malden, Massachusetts: Wiley-Blackwell, 2016. —. “Kenneth Burke on Dialectical-Rhetorical Transcendence.” Philosophy and Rhetoric 42.3 (2009): 279-301. Zappen, James P., S. Michael Halloran, and Scott A. Wible. “Some Notes on ‘Ad bellum purificandum.’” KB Journal. http://kbjournal.org/node/201/

4. Chaïm Perelman (1912-1984) and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca (1899-1987) Frank, David A., and Michelle Bolduc. “Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca’s New Rhetoric.” Quarterly Journal of Speech 96.2 (2010): 141-63. Graff, Richard, and Wendy Winn. “Presencing ‘Communion’ in Chaïm Perelman [and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca]’s New Rhetoric.” Philosophy and Rhetoric 39.1 (2006): 45-71. Perelman, Ch[aïm], and L[ucie] Olbrechts-Tyteca. The New Rhetoric: A Treatise on Argumentation. Trans. John Wilkinson and Purcell Weaver. 1958. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press, 1969. Velasco, Antonio Raul de. “Rethinking Perelman [and Olbrechts-Tyteca]’s Universal : Political Dimensions of a Controversial Concept.” Rhetoric Society Quarterly 35.2 (2005): 47-64.

5. Stephen Toulmin (1922-2009) Jensen, J. Vernon. Argumentation: Reasoning in Communication. New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1981. Toulmin, Stephen. The Uses of Argument. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1958. Toulmin, Stephen, Richard Rieke, and Allan Janik. An Introduction to Reasoning. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1979.

E. Digital Rhetoric: Applications 1. Writing in Digital Media Banks, Adam J. Digital Griots: African American Rhetoric in a Multimedia Age. Studies in Writing and Rhetoric. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2011.

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Bolter, Jay David. Writing Space: , , and the Remediation of Print. 2nd ed. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2001. Brooke, Colin Gifford. Lingua Fracta: Toward a Rhetoric of New Media. New Dimensions in Computers and Composition. Cresskill, New Jersey: Hampton Press, 2009. Hawk, Byron. A Counter-History of Composition: Toward Methodologies of Complexity. Pittsburgh Studies in Composition, Literacy, and Culture. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2007. Johnson-Eilola, Johndan. Datacloud: Toward a New Theory of Online Work. New Directions in Computers and Composition. Cresskill, New Jersey: Hampton Press, 2005. —. Nostalgic Angels: Rearticulating Hypertext Writing. New Directions in Computers and Composition Studies. Norwood, New Jersey: Ablex Publishing, 1997. Lanham, Richard A. The Economics of {Attention}: Style and Substance in the Age of Information. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006. —. The Electronic Word: Democracy, Technology, and the Arts. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993. Miller, Carolyn R. “What Can Automation Tell Us About Agency?” Rhetoric Society Quarterly 37.2 (2007): 137-57. Peters, John Durham. The Marvelous Clouds. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015. Pullman, George. Writing Online: Rhetoric for the Digital Age. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing, 2016. Tuman, Myron C. Word Perfect: Literacy in the Computer Age. Pittsburgh Series in Composition, Literacy, and Culture. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1992. Welch, Kathleen E[thel]. “Classical Rhetoric and Contemporary Rhetoric and Composition Studies: Electrifying Classical Rhetoric.” In The Contemporary Reception of Classical Rhetoric: Appropriations of Ancient Discourse, 143-65. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1990. —. Electric Rhetoric: Classical Rhetoric, Oralism, and a New Literacy. Digital Communication. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1999.

2. Media Convergence/Media Remix Bolter, Jay David, and Richard Grusin. Remediation: Understanding New Media. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1999. Jenkins, Henry. Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide. New York: New York University Press, 2006. Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008.

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3. Game Theory and Practice Bogost, Ian. How to Do Things with Videogames. Electronic Mediations 38. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2011. Galloway, Alexander R. Gaming: Essays on Algorithmic Culture. Electronic Mediations 18. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2006. Gee, James Paul. What Video Games Have to Teach Us about Learning and Literacy. Rev. ed. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007. Gee, James Paul, and Elisabeth R. Hayes. Language and Learning in the Digital Age. London: Taylor and Francis, Routledge, 2011. Kirkpatrick, Graeme. Aesthetic Theory and the . Manchester, United Kingdom: Manchester University Press, 2011. Sutton-Smith, Brian. The Ambiguity of Play. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997.

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