Arm3 7 Quarterly Report

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Arm3 7 Quarterly Report ARM3 7TH QUARTERLY REPORT APRIL 1 – JUNE 30, 2013 _________________________________________________________________ FISCAL YEAR 2013, QUARTER 3 PROGRAM YEAR 2 . July 30, 2013 This report was produced for the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) by Medical Care Development International (MCDI). ARM3 Accelerating the Reduction of Malaria Morbidity and Mortality Program 7th Quarterly Report: April 1, 2013 to June 31, 2012 Fiscal Year 2013 Program Year 2 Submitted to: Dr. Emile Bongo, Agreement Officer Representative (AOR), USAID/Benin Dr. Milton Amayun, Family Health Team Leader, USAID/Benin Cover photo: World Malaria Day in Parakou ARM3, Accelerating the Reduction of Malaria Morbidity and Mortality Program (ARM3), is funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), under Cooperative Agreement AID - 680- A -11-00001. ARM3 is managed by Medical Care Development International (MCDI) as the prime, in collaboration with sub-grantees Africare, Johns Hopkins University – Center for Communications Program (JHU-CCP) and Management Sciences for Health (MSH). The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or of the United States Government. Table of Contents Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................................... 1 List of Acronyms ............................................................................................................................................ 2 Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................... 5 Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 6 Introduction.................................................................................................................................................. 10 Result 1: Implementation of malaria prevention interventions in support of the National Malaria Strategy improved...................................................................................................................................................... 10 Sub-Result 1.1: Implementation of malaria prevention programs in support of the National Malaria Strategy improved............... 10 Sub-result 1.1a: IPTp uptake increased ...................................................................................................................................... 11 Achievements ...................................................................................................................................... 11 Sub-result 1.1.b: Upgrade skills of health workers (public and private sectors) through pre-service and in-service training ......... 12 Results ................................................................................................................................................ 13 Sub-Result 1.2: Supply and Use of LLINs Increased ................................................................................................................... 13 Achievements ...................................................................................................................................... 14 Results ................................................................................................................................................ 15 Result 2: Malaria diagnosis and treatment activities in support of the National Malaria Strategy improved 16 Sub-Result 2.1: Diagnostic Capacity and Use of Testing Improved ............................................................................................. 16 Achievements ...................................................................................................................................... 16 Results ................................................................................................................................................ 18 Sub-Result 2.2: Case Management of Uncomplicated and Severe Malaria Improved ................................................................. 18 Sub-result 2.2.a: Upgrade skills of health workers on clinical management ................................................................................. 19 Achievements ...................................................................................................................................... 19 Sub-result 2.2.b: Implementation of the Performance Improvement Approach (PI) in participating health zones and hospitals ... 20 Achievements ...................................................................................................................................... 20 Sub-result 2.2.c: Enhance integrated supervision on IPTp, malaria diagnostics and clinical case management of malaria .......... 22 Achievements ...................................................................................................................................... 22 Results ................................................................................................................................................ 22 Sub-Result 2.3: Integrated Community Case Management (iCCM) improved ............................................................................. 25 Achievements ...................................................................................................................................... 25 Result 3: The national health system’s capacity to deliver and manage quality malaria treatment and control interventions strengthened .............................................................................................................. 25 Sub-result 3.1: The National Malaria Control Program’s technical capacity to plan, design, manage, and coordinate a comprehensive malaria control program enhanced .......................................................................................................................... 26 Achievements ...................................................................................................................................... 26 Results ................................................................................................................................................ 27 Sub-Result 3.2: Capacity to Collect, Manage and Use Malaria Health Information for M&E and Surveillance Improved .............. 27 Achievements ...................................................................................................................................... 28 Results ................................................................................................................................................ 32 Sub-Result 3.3: Capacity in Commodities and Supply Chain Management Improved ................................................................. 32 Achievements ...................................................................................................................................... 33 Results ................................................................................................................................................ 40 Cross Sectional Activities ............................................................................................................................................................ 40 Results ................................................................................................................................................ 46 Program Management ................................................................................................................................ 47 Field Office ................................................................................................................................................................................. 47 Home Office Backstopping and Reporting................................................................................................................................... 47 Achievements ...................................................................................................................................... 47 Major Activities Planned for next quarter (July – September): .................................................................... 50 Financial Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 53 Annex 1: Quarterly Financial Report .......................................................................................................... 54 Annex 2: Cumulative Financial Report ........................................................................................................ 55 Annex 3: SF 424 ......................................................................................................................................... 56 Annex 4: OTSS Round 12........................................................................................................................... 57 List of Acronyms AAA/3A Akpro Misserte – Avrankou – Adjarra ABC Analysis of stock value, turnover, and volume ABD Adjohoun – Bonou - Dangbo ABFC Association Béninoise de Femmes Chanteuses ACPB Association des Cliniques Privées du Bénin ACT Artemisinin Combination Therapy AIRS Abt’s Indoor Residual Spraying Program AL
Recommended publications
  • Identification of Critical Versus Robust Processing Unit Operations
    International Journal of Food Science and Technology 2021, 56, 1311–1321 1311 Original article Identification of critical versus robust processing unit operations determining the physical and biochemical properties of cassava- based semolina (gari) Andres´ Escobar,1,2* Eric Rondet,2 Layal Dahdouh,2,3 Julien Ricci,2,3 Noel¨ Akissoe,´ 4 Dominique Dufour,2,3 Thierry Tran,1,2,3 Bernard Cuq5 & Michele` Delalonde2 1 The Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), CGIAR Research Program on Roots Tubers and Bananas (RTB), Apartado Aereo´ 6713, Cali, Colombia 2 Qualisud, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, SupAgro, University of Avignon, University of La Reunion,´ 73 rue JF Breton, Montpellier 34398, France 3 CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, F-34398, Montpellier, France 4 Faculty of Agronomical Sciences, University of Abomey Calavi, Cotonou, Benin 5 UMR IATE, CIRAD, INRA, University of Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France (Received 3 August 2020; Accepted in revised form 13 October 2020) Summary The gari-making process involves several unit operations (U.O.), some of which strongly influence the quality of the end product. Two contrasting process scales (laboratory-scale vs conventional) were com- pared in order to identify which U.O. were affected by the change of scale. U.O. that changed end-pro- duct characteristics depending on process scale were deemed critical; whereas U.O. that resulted in similar characteristics were deemed robust. The classification depended on quality attributes considered: rasping and roasting were critical for physical properties, in particular particle size which ranged from 0.44 to 0.89 mm between the two process scales; and robust for biochemical properties.
    [Show full text]
  • Read More About SDG Bond Framework
    1 C1 - Public Natixis Summary FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................................... 3 ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................................... 4 PART I: Benin mobilised for the 2030 Agenda ....................................................................................... 5 1. The basics about the Republic of Benin .......................................................................................... 5 1.1 Political and administrative organisation of Benin ..................................................................... 6 1.2 A predominately young and rural population ............................................................................. 6 1.3 Human development indicators are improving .......................................................................... 8 1.4 Benin’s economic structure ........................................................................................................ 8 1.5 The authorities’ response to the Covid-19 pandemic ................................................................ 9 2. Actions and policies closely anchored to the 2030 Agenda .......................................................... 11 2.1 Actions for taking ownership of the 2030 Agenda ................................................................... 11 2.2 Mobilising institutions and transforming public action to reach the SDGs ..............................
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of the Genetic Susceptibility to the Metabolic Syndrome by the CAPN10 SNP19 Gene in the Population of South Benin
    International Journal of Molecular Biology: Open Access Research Article Open Access Evaluation of the genetic susceptibility to the metabolic syndrome by the CAPN10 SNP19 gene in the population of South Benin Abstract Volume 4 Issue 6 - 2019 Metabolic syndrome is a multifactorial disorder whose etiology is resulting from the Nicodème Worou Chabi,1,2 Basile G interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Calpain 10 (CAPN10) is the first Sognigbé,1 Esther Duéguénon,1 Véronique BT gene associated with type 2 diabetes that has been identified by positional cloning with 1 1 sequencing method. This gene codes for cysteine ​​protease; ubiquitously expressed in all Tinéponanti, Arnaud N Kohonou, Victorien 2 1 tissues, it is involved in the fundamental physiopathological aspects of insulin resistance T Dougnon, Lamine Baba Moussa and insulin secretion of type 2 diabetes. The goal of this study was to evaluate the genetic 1Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of susceptibility to the metabolic syndrome by the CAPN10 gene in the population of southern Abomey-Calavi, Benin 2 Benin. This study involved apparently healthy individuals’ aged 18 to 80 in four ethnic Laboratory of Research in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin groups in southern Benin. It included 74 subjects with metabolic syndrome and 323 non- metabolic syndrome patients who served as controls, with 222 women versus 175 men Correspondence: Nicodème Worou Chabi, Laboratory with an average age of 40.58 ± 14.03 years old. All subjects were genotyped for the SNP of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of 19 polymorphism of the CAPN10 gene with the PCR method in order to find associations Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and between this polymorphism and the metabolic syndrome.
    [Show full text]
  • Indirect Exposure to Colonial Education and Intergenerational
    The Strength of Weak Ties: Indirect Exposure to Colonial Education and Intergenerational Mobility in Benin ⇤ Leonard Wantchekon† April 12, 2019 Abstract We use historical micro-level data from the first regional schools in colonial Benin to esti- mate the e↵ect of education on social mobility over three generations. Since school location and student cohorts were selected quasi-randomly, the e↵ect of education can be estimated by comparing the treated to the untreated living in the same village as well as those from villages with no school (Wantchekon et al. [2015]). We find positive treatment e↵ects of education on social mobility across three generations. Surprisingly, the e↵ect is strongest for descendants of grandparents who were exposed to education only through their social networks (the untreated living in villages with a school). We interpret this result as evidence of “the strength of weak ties” (Grannoveter [1977]). Finally, exploring the underlying mechanism of our results, we find that mobility from the first to the second generation is driven by parental aspiration, which is sustained by the risk attitudes and mobility of the third generation. ⇤This paper was prepared for the NYU Development Research Institute success project. I would like to thank James Hollyer, James Feigenbaum, James Habyarimana, Nathan Nunn, Dozie Okoye, Marc Ratkovic, Matthew Salganik, Stellios Michalopoulos, Marcella Alsan, and conference participants at ASE (SIER), Brown, George Washington University, NYU, Princeton, Toulouse School of Economics, Stanford University, and World Bank for comments. I would also like to thank the research team of Institute for Empirical Research in Political Economy (IERPE) in Benin, especially Romuald Anago, Kassim Assouma, Benjamin Dji↵a, Andre Gueguehoun, and Clement Litchegbe, for leading the data collection.
    [Show full text]
  • Socio-Demographic and Economic Characteristics, Crop-Livestock Production Systems and Issues for Rearing Improvement: a Review
    Available online at http://www.ifgdg.org Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 12(1): 519-541, February 2018 ISSN 1997-342X (Online), ISSN 1991-8631 (Print) Review Paper http://ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs http://indexmedicus.afro.who.int Socio-demographic and economic characteristics, crop-livestock production systems and issues for rearing improvement: A review Daniel Bignon Maxime HOUNDJO1, Sébastien ADJOLOHOUN1*, Basile GBENOU1, Aliou SAIDOU2, Léonard AHOTON2, Marcel HOUINATO1, Soumanou SEIBOU TOLEBA1 and Brice Augustin SINSIN3 1Département de Production Animale, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 03 BP 2819 Jéricho, Cotonou, Benin. 2Département de Production Végétale, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 03 BP 2819 Jéricho, Cotonou, Benin. 3Département de l’Aménagement et Gestion des Ressources Naturelles, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 03 BP 2819 Jéricho, Cotonou, Benin. *Corresponding author; E-mail : [email protected]; Tél: (+229) 97 89 88 51 ABSTRACT This paper reviews some characteristics of crop-livestock production systems in Benin with a special focus on the issues for enhance pasture production and nutritive value which in turn will increase animal productivity. Benin is located in the Gulf of Guinea of the Atlantic Ocean in West Africa and covers 114,763 km2. The population estimated in 2017 is 10,900,000 inhabitants with an annual population growth rate of 3.5%. The country is primarily an agro-based economy, characterized by subsistence agricultural production that employs more than 70%. The climate ranges from the bimodal rainfall equatorial type in the south to the tropical unimodal monsoon type in the north.
    [Show full text]
  • Beach Response to Wave Forcing from Event to Inter-Annual Time Scales at Grand Popo, Benin (Gulf of Guinea)
    water Article Beach Response to Wave Forcing from Event to Inter-Annual Time Scales at Grand Popo, Benin (Gulf of Guinea) Grégoire Abessolo Ondoa 1,2,*, Frédéric Bonou 2,3,4, Folly Serge Tomety 2,3,4, Yves du Penhoat 2,3,4, Clément Perret 2,3,4, Cossi Georges Epiphane Degbe 3 and Rafael Almar 2 1 Fishery Resources Laboratory, University of Douala, BP 2701 Douala, Cameroon 2 LEGOS (Université Paul Sabatier de Toulouse/CNRS/CNES/IRD), 31400 Toulouse, France; [email protected] (F.B.); [email protected] (F.S.T.); [email protected] (Y.d.P.); [email protected] (C.P.); [email protected] (R.A.) 3 Institut de Recherches Halieutiques et Océanologiques du Bénin, 03 BP 1665 Cotonou, Benin; [email protected] 4 International Chair in Mathematical Physics and Applications/Unesco Chair, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526 Cotonou, Benin * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +237-699-76-73-34 Received: 31 March 2017; Accepted: 16 June 2017; Published: 21 June 2017 Abstract: This paper assesses the morphological storm-event impact, seasonal cycles, trends of wave forcing, and beach’s response at the coastal area of Grand Popo, Benin. Three and a half years’ worth of data were collected from 2013 to 2016, using a video system calibrated with field data collected during a 10 day experiment. A comparison was carried out with Wavewatch III IOWAGA wave hindcast data. The along-shore-averaged shoreline position exhibited a seasonal pattern, which was related more to the average wave height than the average storm intensity.
    [Show full text]
  • 3.5.1 Benin Food Suppliers
    3.5.1 Benin Food Suppliers Overview Retail Sector Wholesale Overview In Benin, cotton accounted for 38.7% of export earnings in 2013 (up 41.8% compared to 2012). The cultivation of cashews grew strongly between 2010 and 2015, making Benin the fifth largest producer in the world, with between 120,000 and 180,000 tons of cashew nuts per year. Cashew is now the second largest agricultural product exported after cotton, accounting for 7% of GDP. Ground nuts are also among the main products exported. The structure of the Beninese economy is largely determined by its strategic position on the West African coast, next to Nigeria. Opportunities of formal or informal trade with Nigeria and the service opportunities of the landlocked countries of the hinterland have led to little diversification of the Beninese economy. In September 2013, inflation was reduced to 3.2% in average variation (against 6.2% in 2012), slightly above the UEMOA convergence criterion of 3%. The primary sector accounted for 32.2% of GDP in 2011. While the country has considerable agricultural potential, only 20% of arable land is exploited. Agricultural yields show considerable margins of increase. Agriculture accounts for 37.1% of GDP. The three largest agricultural crops in Benin in 2011 (grown for local livelihood) were cassava (3,645,000 tonnes), yams (2,734,000 tonnes) and maize (1,165,000 tonnes). Benin also produces cocoa, beans, rice, pineapples and other tubers. Additional information can be located from sources which are regularly maintained and reflect current facts and figures. For more specific and detailed overviews of food availability and market conditions, please consult the following sources: WFP Vulnerability and Analysis Mapping (VAM): Benin Go Africa Online Benin Wholesalers For more information on food supplier contact details, please see the following link: 4.10 Benin Supplier Contact List Retail Sector Types of Retailers Available Type of Retailer Rank (1-5) where 1 is the most commonly used by the population, and 5 is the least commonly used.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Characterization and Mass Propagation of Mansonia Altissima A
    Available online at www.ijpab.com Wédjangnon et al Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 4 (4): 15-25 (2016) ISSN: 2320 – 7051 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2339 ISSN: 2320 – 7051 Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 4 (4): 15-25 (2016) Research Article Ecological Characterization and Mass propagation of Mansonia altissima A. Chev. in the Guinean Zone of Benin, West Africa Wédjangnon A. Appolinaire*, Houètchégnon Towanou and Ouinsavi Christine Laboratoire d’Etudes et de Recherches Forestières (LERF), Faculté d’Agronomie, Université de Parakou, Bénin *Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected] Received: 20.07.2016 | Revised: 28.07.2016 | Accepted: 1.08.2016 ABSTRACT The ecological characteristics of M. altissima in Benin were studied within the sacred groves of Adakplamè, its exclusive environment in Benin. The data collected in 40 rectangular plots of 1000 m² sized showed that M. altissima is more preferred species in this environment (Ri = 37.5%). Variables such as tree density, stand basal area, and mean diameter of tree were respectively 20 stems/ha, 0.88 m²/ha and 23.91 cm. Weibull 3-parameters distribution showed an « inverted J » shape with the predominance of medium class-sized individuals (DBH=15 cm). Germination test showed that M. altissima seeds were affected by a tegumentary dormancy making the germination rate decrease after a long conservation. Soaking of seeds in boiling water was an appropriate treatment to overcome this dormancy and to reduce the latency time and the average duration of germination. This also speed up seeds germination and allowed the highest germination rates.
    [Show full text]
  • Initial Report Submitted by Benin Under Article 35 of the Convention, Due in 2014*
    United Nations CRPD/C/BEN/1 Convention on the Rights Distr.: General 7 March 2019 of Persons with Disabilities English Original: French English, French, Russian and Spanish only Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Initial report submitted by Benin under article 35 of the Convention, due in 2014* [Date received: 5 September 2018] * The present document is being issued without formal editing. GE.19-03797 (E) 210619 250619 CRPD/C/BEN/1 Contents Page I. Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 3 II. Part one: Common core document ................................................................................................ 3 A. General information .............................................................................................................. 3 B. Legal framework for the protection and promotion of human rights .................................... 6 C. Institutional framework for the promotion and protection of the rights of persons with disabilities ............................................................................................................................. 8 D. Statistics ................................................................................................................................ 8 III. Part two: Convention-specific document ...................................................................................... 11 IV. Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, June - 2017; Volume – 5(3) 327 LAWANI Rebecca Annick Niréti
    Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, June - 2017; Volume – 5(3) 327 LAWANI Rebecca Annick Niréti Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences http://www.jebas.org ISSN No. 2320 – 8694 CHARACTERIZATION OF FARMERS’ CROPPING SYSTEMS IN THREE DISTRICTS (BONOU, OUINHI, ZAGNANADO) OF BENIN REPUBLIC LAWANI Rebecca Annick Niréti1*, KELOME Nelly Carine2, AGASSOUNON DJIKPO TCHIBOZO Micheline3, HOUNKPE Jechonias2 1University of Abomey-Calavi, National Institute of Water, Laboratory of Applied Hydrology (LHA), 01 BP 1950 Abomey -Calavi (B enin) 2University of Abomey-Calavi, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Department of Earth Sciences, Laboratory of Geology, Mines and Environment (LaboGME), BP: 01 BP 526 Cotonou (Benin) 3University of Abomey-C alavi, Faculty of Science and Techniques, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Standards, Microbiological Quali ty Control, Nutrition and Pharmacology (LNCQMNP), 01 BP1636 RP Cotonou (Benin) Received – March 05, 2017; Revision – April 24, 2017; Accepted – June 19, 2017 Available Available Online – June 30, 2017 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18006/2017.5(3).321.331 ABSTRACT KEYWORDS Objective of this study was to understand farmer’s management practices related to water quality and sanitary Agricultural Practices issue in order to assess the risks of these practices especially in the Upper Ouémé Delta. All the data related to Crops this investigation were collected by field observations, interviews, surveys of farming households and focus groups. The surveys were conducted with 387 farmers belongs to three districts of southern Benin (Bonou, Fertilizers Ouinhi, and Zagnanado). Results of study revealed that 97.48%, 57.78%, 76% of farmers respectively of the Bonou, Ouinhi, and Zagnanado districts grow food crops.
    [Show full text]
  • Pigeon Pea [Cajanus Cajan (L.) Millsp] Cultivation, Its Major Constraints and Ethnobotanical Status in Southern Benin
    ©2019 Scienceweb Publishing Journal of Agricultural and Crop Research Vol. 7(6), pp. 95-105, June 2019 doi: 10.33495/jacr_v7i6.19.131 ISSN: 2384-731X Research Paper Pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp] cultivation, its major constraints and ethnobotanical status in Southern Benin Fiacre Zavinon • Hubert Adoukonou Sagbadja* Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Molecular Breeding, Department of Genetic and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Abomey-Calavi, BP 1947 Abomey-Calavi, Benin Republic. *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. Accepted 27th June, 2019. Abstract. Pigeon pea is a minor crop that plays a key role in the daily subsistence of smallholders in Benin. In order to promote its cultivation, this study has been conducted to document the indigenous knowledge related to its production system as well its ethnobotanical importance and cultivation constraints which limit its production in southern Benin. In total, 338 farmers belonging to 5 sociolinguistic groups were surveyed in 23 villages covering the major production areas in the country. In general, pigeon pea is often cultivated in association with other crops. Our results revealed that 94.97% of the farmers surveyed grew pigeon pea in association with other crops while only 5.03% of them cultivate pigeon pea in monocultural system. Regarding the use of agricultural inputs, the majority of the farmers did not use any inputs in pigeon pea production. Nonetheless, in some villages especially in Zou and Collines departments, some farmers used insecticide/pesticide for controlling pest and diseases. According to farmers, the most important factor which limits pigeon pea production in the study areas was the lack of improved varieties.
    [Show full text]
  • Enhancing the Private Health Sector's Role Through Access to Subsidized
    # 1822 Enhancing the private health sector’s role through access to subsidized malaria commodities: a game changer in Benin’s supply chain Gilbert Andrianandrasana1, Adjibabi Cherifatou2, Julie Niemczura de Carvalho1, Julie G. Buekens1, Megan Perry1, Angelique Gbaguidi1, Alexis Tchevoede2 1Medical Care Development International, 2 National Malaria Control Program/MOH Benin INTRODUCTION RESULTS DISCUSSION In Benin, the practice of medicine in the informal private sector, where . 56% of private sector stakeholders interviewed preferred the public supply chain, while only 18.8% Malaria indicators have improved after several years of efforts by the 65% of all consultations occur and 60% of all malaria cases are diagnosed, preferred direct delivery of malaria commodities without a middleman. MOH and its partners, showing engagement of the private sector can be has been one of the health system’s greatest weaknesses. Thus, the NMCP . 60% of entities were willing to provide public malaria commodities for free, while 13.3% only agreed to feasible and beneficial. In order to make further progress, the capacities sought to conduct a pilot project to identify a mechanism for private do so if they were compensated by the MOH. of the health sector need to be expanded and strengthened at the local clinics to access subsidized malaria commodities, improving their role in . Most respondents favored the set‐up of a formal legal framework to be implemented via an MOU level with the private sector’s full participation. In addition, the private Benin’s health system. between the National Malaria Control Program and accredited entities. sector needs to be supported in the implementation of national health .
    [Show full text]