Radboud University Nijmegen 2013 Research Report

2013 Radboud University Nijmegen 2013 Research Report

The cover photograph represents a ‘magical’ text that is part of HS 194, a late medieval English manuscript in the collection of the Nijmegen University Library. The first lines of this manuscript state that the charm was written by “our Lord’s fingers” and found by Joseph of Barmaphe – a misinterpretation of the Latin ‘Ioseph ab Arimathea’ – when he took Christ down from the cross. It goes on to offer protection against all kinds of dangers to anyone wearing this charm on their body. The charm itself consists of Latin formulas and a list of divine names. Within this manuscript there are also a number of vernacular texts that are not found in any other manuscript in the world, as well as more charms and some religious texts. Dr Sandor Chardonnens (Assistant Professor of English Language and Culture) and Rosanne Hebing, MA (Assistant Professor of Old and Middle English) have recently published on the manuscript – and on this particular charm.

The entire 15th century English manuscript (HS 194;125x85 mm), which is entitled Liber precum, is available online at: http://wwwextern.ubn.ru.nl/BookReader/ MMUBN000008_Hs%20194/#page/8/ mode/2up Editors Chris Mollema: Strategy & Development

Photo editing Communication Office

Translation & Text consultancy Michael Gould Associates BV, Arnhem

Graphic design gloedcommunicatie, Nijmegen

Print Van Eck & Oosterink

Photography Bert Beelen Dick van Aalst Edgar Wills Erik van ’t Hullenaar Gerard Verschooten Mark Dingemanse Hollandse Hoogte - Bert Spiertz - Presse Sports VVB foto (p. 58) Wellcome Library, London (portrait; p. 20) ETH-Bibliothek Zürich/www.e-rara-ch (title page; p. 20) Models photo: Colourbox.com (p. 66) Painting by Greg Dunn (p. 78) Copyright computer simulation: T.G. Budd (p. 132)

Radboud University Nijmegen Comeniuslaan 4 PO Box 9102 6500 HC Nijmegen The Netherlands T: +31 (0)24 361 12 36 E: [email protected] I: www.ru.nl

© Radboud University Nijmegen, March 2014

2 radboud university nijmegen

Preface

In 2013, we celebrated our University’s 90th anniversary. During the past 90 years, Radboud University Nijmegen has developed into a reputable academic institution. And, in the last decade it has matured into one of Europe’s top education and research centres.

The scale of this achievement is best illustrated by a graph produced by the European Research Council: Acquisition of ERC grants by host institution (see page 6), which shows a ‘league table’ of ERC grants awarded to institutions. Our University is now one of the top 25 research centres in Europe. In this country, too, our research performance is way above the national average – a status that is reflected in the number of the most competitive grants we have acquired from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO; see page 19).

We look back with great pleasure on a number of exciting events that took place on the occasion of the University’s anniversary, in particular the award of an Honorary Doctorate to the German Chancellor Dr Angela Merkel.

Other major highlights that made 2013 such a successful year include Prof. Mikhail Katsnelson’s NWO Spinoza prize, while four Radboud professors received an ERC Advanced Investigator grant. Prof. Mike Jetten’s innovative proposal for an NWO ‘Gravitation’ grant met with success, as did Prof. Heino Falcke’s application for an ERC Synergy grant.

These and other remarkable programmes – including many with a considerable impact on society – show that our University is in very good shape, ready to meet the challenges we expect in the years ahead.

Prof. Gerard Meijer Prof. Sebastian Kortmann President Rector Magnificus

2013 research report 3 4 radboud university nijmegen Table of contents

Introduction 6

Research Institute for Philosophy, Theology and Religious Studies 20 Institute for Historical, Literary and Cultural Studies 26 • Centre for Parliamentary History 28

Research Centres of the Faculty of Law 32 Institute for Management Research 40

Nijmegen Institute for Social & Cultural Research 46

Centre for Language Studies 52 Behavioural Science Institute 58 Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour 64 • Centre for Cognition 66 • Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging 72 • Centre for Neuroscience 78

Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Diseases 84 Research Institute for Oncology 90 Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity 96 Nijmegen Centre for Evidence-Based Practice 102 Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences 110

Institute for Water and Wetland Research 118 Institute for Molecules and Materials 124 Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics 132 Institute for Computing and Information Sciences 138

Glossary 144

2013 research report 5 Introduction

Radboud University Nijmegen is a student-oriented research university. We value quality, combining excellent education with leading-edge research. We focus in particular on four of the five major academic domains: Arts & Humanities, Social Sciences, Natural Sciences & Life Sciences. For work in the fifth domain (Technical Sciences) – which is not one of our core competences – we cooperate closely with colleagues at the University of Twente, Eindhoven University of Technology and Wageningen University & Research Centre. Our academic expertise is also closely related to important societal issues, both in the public and in the private domain.

Our ambition improved in recent years. The quality of including the significant successes at the Research at the University takes place in 17 research has been further enhanced by end of 2013. dedicated institutes. These are responsible close cooperation with partners around for planning programmes as well as for the world, who complement our areas Aims for the near future include 1) increas- training and supervising new generations of expertise. ing our academic impact, 2) strengthening of researchers. We aim to ensure that our societal impact and 3) intensifying the all programmes within the institutes are We aim to become one of the leading use of our research results. internationally competitive and that they academic institutions in the world and make a major contribution to each research in 2013 we once again made good progress Our academic profile community. Consequently, in independent towards achieving this goal. In September We intend all research done at Radboud peer review assessments, all programmes 2013 the European Research Council (ERC) University Nijmegen which is not already need to receive at least a “very good” score published statistics on the achievements leading nationally – and competitive inter- for the main criteria: quality, productivity, of European Universities and Research nationally – to be so in the foreseeable societal relevance and vitality. Institutions in terms of numbers of ERC future. Within all of our research, nine Advanced and ERC Starting grants received. sub-disciplines have been identified where In terms of these criteria, all Radboud It showed that Radboud University Nijmegen the quality exceeds the high level achieved research programmes have evolved and is 22nd in Europe (see Figure 1), even without by researchers in the rest of the University.

180

160

140

120

100 Figure 1: Acquisition of ERC 80 grants by host institution.

60 Total value in millions of euros. Source: European Research 40 Council Executive Agency, 2013.

20

0 1 2 3 5 8 9 4 19 21 23 25 28 cnrs xford CEA 12 csic ondon 6 euven 13 eiden 17 inria Imperial INSERM 11 rolinska U. O Lausanne eizmann 10 U. Bristol 15 U. L U. Zürich 18 echnion 24 Max Planck UC L ETH Zürich 7 U. L U. Munich 16 T Ka U. Aarhus U. Jerusalem W U. Helsinki 20 GroningenU. Ut 26recht 27 U. Cambridge U. Edinburgh 14 U. Nijmegen 22 U. Amsterdam U.

Hebrew Radboud

6 radboud university nijmegen These nine areas are listed below. In 2013, the Bio-Organic Chemistry group Key figures (led by Prof. Van Hest) developed a novel Radboud University Nijmegen Organic Chemistry shape transformation technique that is The focus within Chemistry, which used to prepare tubular polymersomes by includes Material Science, Life Science, adding a crosslinker. Some of the advantages Research staff Biomedical Science and Supra-Molecular of tubular shapes include applications for Tenured Chemistry, is on Organic Chemistry. We these vesicles as drug delivery vehicles or Full Professors 182 FTE concentrate on Synthesis and on Physical artificial organelles. Prof. Huck and his Associate Professors 82.8 FTE Organic Chemistry and recently we have Physical Organic Chemistry group are Assistant Professors 225.7 FTE begun to focus more on the Life Sciences. working on understanding how cells have Researchers 140.9 FTE This research is mainly done in the adapted to the phenomenon of ‘crowding’, Lecturers 1.1 FTE Institute for Molecules and Materials, i.e. the interior of a living cell is filled with but it also takes place in the Nijmegen proteins and other macromolecules are Non-tenured Centre for Molecular Life Sciences. The packed together. Dr Feiters (Synthetic Researchers 653.2 FTE research infrastructure and facilities in Organic Chemistry) and colleagues were Lecturers 12.6 FTE both institutes are excellent. Evidence of granted a Life Science Pre-Seed subsidy Doctoral candidates 1036.9 FTE top-quality research in Organic Chemistry from the Netherlands Genomic Initiative is provided by the numerous prestigious (NGI), which they will use to design novel grants awarded in recent years. These viral therapies for Dengue Fever and other Research input include ERC Advanced grants, Spinoza viral threats. Awards and Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) Vici grants. Physics of Condensed Matter In 2012, the Organic Chemists at the At Radboud University Nijmegen research University received – together with the on the Physics of Condensed Matter is Eindhoven University of Technology and strongly interrelated with research in the the University of Groningen – one of field of Chemistry. It contributes to the the six highly prestigious ‘Gravitation’ Dutch national programmes Nanoned and Core Grants Contracts grants from the NWO for work that is Nanonext, as well as to EU programmes. planned to be carried out over the next Thanks to unique infrastructure, including decade. the High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML) Research output Dissertations: 384 Academic publications: 6716 Professional publications: 949 Annotations: 242 Patents: 20

In May 2013, on the occasion of its 90th anniversary, Radboud University Nijmegen awarded Honorary Doctorates to Dr Angela Merkel (Federal Chancellor, Germany), Prof. Frances Ashcroft (University of Oxford), Prof. Robert Edward Freeman (University of Virginia) and Prof. Robbert Dijkgraaf (Director of the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, USA).

2013 research report 7 Introduction

and three advanced Free-electron Laser the Universities of Utrecht, Wageningen, image of a black hole. A total of 161 refereed Units (FELIX/FELICE/FLARE), international Leiden, and Eindhoven received an NWO publications were published by members cooperation is excellent. Leading areas are Graduate School subsidy for establishing of the Department of Astrophysics in 2013, the Experimental Physics of Condensed the Netherlands’ Magnetic Resonance including four in Nature and Science. Matter and Theoretical Physics of Con- Research School. densed Matter. The cooperation between Microbiology experimental physicists and theoretical Astrophysics The composition, functioning and evolu- physicists on graphene formed the basis Astrophysical research has been strong tion of ecosystems is central to research for the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics, which in the Netherlands for many decades. on gene-environment interactions at the was awarded to former Associate Professor Since 2001, when a group of highly talented University. This research covers all major and current Extraordinary Professor André researchers came to the University, astro- biotic organisms, including micro- Geim and Professor Konstantin Novoselov, physical research, which focuses on the organisms, plants and animals, and their a PhD graduate from the University and evolution of double stars, compact objects interactions. Adaptations – as well as stress currently also an Extraordinary Professor. and astrophysical particles, has become responses – by these organisms are investi- In 2013, Prof. Katsnelson was awarded truly competitive internationally. The gated in terms of how their molecular and the most prestigious scientific prize in the quality of the research is reflected in the physiological mechanisms are regulated. Netherlands (the Spinoza Prize) by the successful acquisition of highly prestigious The team of microbiologists at the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific grants such as ERC Advanced grants and University specializes in the reactions of Research (NWO). He also received an ERC the Spinoza Award. ecosystems to the quantity and quality Advanced Investigator Grant. In addition, of water. In particular, their research on Prof. Rasing received an ERC Advanced In 2013, Profs. Heino Falcke (coordinator; Anammox bacteria, which efficiently Grant for experiments with a new femto- Radboud University Nijmegen and degrade ammonium without oxygen, led second X-ray source in Stanford and the ASTRON), Michael Kramer (Max Planck to revolutionary insights and a series of Nijmegen picosecond Terahertz free- Institute for Radio Astronomy) and Luciano world-class publications. The team has electron laser designed to discover how Rezzolla (Goethe University Frankfurt and twice received an ERC Advanced grant magnetic order emerges from chaos. Dr the Max Planck Institute for Gravitational and, in 2012, Prof. Mike Jetten received the Zeitler (HFML) participated in a successful Physics) acquired an ERC Synergy grant for NWO Spinoza prize for discovering many application for ten-year funding within a their project ‘BlackHoleCam’. This team of new (anammox) bacteria and elucidating European ‘Flagship’ programme on gra- European astrophysicists will use this grant their unique useful properties. phene. Prof. Kentgens and colleagues from to create for the first time an accurate In 2013, Prof. Mike Jetten received a second ERC advanced investigators grant to study the ecology of methane oxidizing micro- organisms. His team also received an contracts NWO ‘Gravitation’ grant to establish the 2400 research grants Soehngen Institute of Anaerobic Micro­ 2200 core funding 763.1 biology (SIAM) together with NIOZ, 728.4 Wageningen UR and TU Delft. Prof. Jetten’s 2000 664.8 635.0 group is also involved in a ‘Gravitation’ 1800 584.9 grant programme to establish the Earth 1600 536.1 System Sensitive Centre, which is led by 666.2 1400 655.2 Utrecht University with the participation 612.1 616.3 1200 576.4 of Radboud University Nijmegen, the VU 499.3 1000 University Amsterdam and Wageningen 906.2 UR. Dr Frank van de Veerdonk received the 800 843.9 775.1 2013 Best Young Researcher award from 600 725.7 741.0 664.6 the American Society for Microbiology 400 for outstanding performance in fungal 200 immunology research. 0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Figure 2: Researchers (in FTEs) per year

8 radboud university nijmegen Cognitive Neurosciences University of Amsterdam launched a joint Infection and Immunology Leading-edge research on brain and ‘Language in Interaction’ project. This The interface between micro-organisms cognition has taken off in recent years major project was awarded an NWO and man is the stage for fundamental and, as a result, several reputable institutes ‘Gravitation’ grant in December 2012 research and clinical translational research on the campus joined forces to form the for research on language covering the full at the University. It includes defence mech- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition range from genetic building blocks to social anisms and inflammation after infection, and Behaviour. Affiliated institutes (also located on the campus) are: the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, the Centre for Language Studies and the It has always been the ambition of this University Behavioural Science Institute. The Uni­ to be engaged in important societal issues. versity’s cognitive neuroscience research covers all aspects of cognition: from molecules and genes, neurons and net- works of brain areas, to behavioural and interaction. The Donders Institute takes the inflammatory diseases (such as auto- clinical implications. The excellent lead in a number of pioneering national immune diseases), as well as cancer and advanced infrastructure and facilities – as and international consortia, including transplantation. There is close cooperation well as the multi-disciplinary approach many that received grants in 2013. For with researchers at clinical centres for taken by Nijmegen physicists, biologists, example, Healthpac (Perception and Action infectious, inflammatory and immune chemists, psychologists and informaticists – in Health and Disease) is a European inte- diseases. The successful acquisition of a ensure high-quality research. This is apparent grative doctoral programme (IDP) that number of prestigious grants, including from the many grants that have been won brings together research institutes in Zürich, the ERC Advanced grant, the Spinoza prize – against strong competition – by this London, and the Netherlands with seven and the NWO Vici grants, confirms the institute. These include an ERC Advanced European companies. Aggressotype is a large excellent performance of the teams grant, a Spinoza prize and several NWO EU-funded project on pathological aggres- working on infection and immunology. Vici grants. sion in children and adolescents with In 2013 Dr Annemarie Boleij and Dr Harold attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder Tjalsma published – in The Lancet Infectious In 2013, the Donders Institute, the MPI (ADHD) and conduct disorder (CD). The Diseases – their view on bacterial features for Psycholinguistics and the Institute for Human Brain Project was selected by the EU that determine the specific association Language, Logic and Computation at the as one of two flagship projects. between Streptococcus gallolyticus and colorectal cancer and how infections with this opportunistic gut pathogen can be used for the early detection of malignant colonic disease.

The group led by Prof. Jolanda de Vries 6716 6500 published – in Cancer Research – the first 6541 clinical study of therapeutic vaccination against cancer using naturally occurring 6000 6044 plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC).

5659 A consortium led by Prof. Jack Neefjes 5500 5467 (NKI, Amsterdam), which included 5349 Radboud Professor Carl Figdor, was 5000 awarded an NWO ‘Gravitation’ grant to set up the Institute for Chemical Immunology (ICI). 4500

Prof. Robert Sauerwein (Dept. of Medical 4000 Microbiology) received a personal grant 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Figure 3: Academic publications per year to further develop a malaria vaccine.

2013 research report 9 Introduction

Human Genetics Netherlands and in the EU. Significant ment, neurodevelopment and memory The main research areas in this field at achievements in 2013 underscore the formation. Prof. Henk Stunnenberg the University include identifying the academic reputation of the researchers (Dept. of Molecular Biology) was awarded genes involved in congenital abnormalities, working in this sub-discipline. an ERC Advanced Grant for his project intellectual disability, psychiatric diseases, ‘SysStemCell’. heritable development of tumours, deafness, Several major results were published by and blindness – as well as the mode of action investigators working in the Department Linguistics of these genes. Human Genetics researchers of Ophthalmology in 2013. Dr A. den Ground-breaking linguistics research in at the University have access to modern Hollander and colleagues revealed that language, language behaviour, language bio-informatics equipment and the latest a functional variant in the CFI gene and speech technology, and communica- tion is carried out in Nijmegen. The research focuses on two main themes: Knowledge and technology transfer is one of Language in the mind (including learning the core tasks and a key ambition of Radboud a mother tongue, the production and University Nijmegen. processing of language) and Language in society (covering the use of language in a variety of cultures and subcultures). The linguistic researchers at the University are techniques. Translational research is also confers a high risk of age-related macular among the best of the world and there is highly successful. Some of the newest degeneration (AMD). The group led by close multi-disciplinary cooperation with genetic techniques for diagnosis, such as Prof. Franke (Genetics of Brain Function other institutes on the campus (especially DNA chips and Exome sequencing, were and (Psychiatric) Malfunction) showed the Max Planck Institute for Linguistics applied in Nijmegen for the first time that specific Single Nucleotide Polymor- and the Donders Institute for Brain, worldwide. The excellent Human Genetics phisms (SNPs) are associated with a range Cognition and Behaviour). They have team has published very large number of of psychiatric disorders. The group led by received prestigious grants including ERC papers in top journals such as Cell, Nature Prof. Hans van Bokhoven (Molecular Advanced grants and the Spinoza Prize. Genetics, Science and the New England neurogenetics) published several papers on Journal of Medicine, and they have succeeded their findings on the role and mechanism Only human beings have a communication in acquiring multi-million-euro grants from of epigenetic modifications (post-transla- system that combines a finite number of competitive research funding bodies in the tional histone modifications) in develop- meaningless elements (sounds) with a potentially infinite set of meaningful concepts. But where do these meanings come from? Large-scale cross-cultural comparisons reveal little evidence for absolute universals in the meaning of words, which would be consistent with the cultural relativity view. However, there 380 384 are striking statistical regularities in how 360 meaning is carved up into words, suggesting 340 that similar perceptual and cognitive 341 constraints work across diverse languages. 320 Research with infants in 2013 provides 300 311 evidence for some of these conceptual structures early in child development; 280 283 these are in place well before language 260 264 260 learning. 240 Business and Law 220 The Business & Law Research Centre has 200 close ties with fourteen highly renowned 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 – mostly international – law firms, finan- Figure 4: Dissertations per year cial institutions and companies. They work

10 radboud university nijmegen together on academic research in 1) com- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant 2013 pany law, 2) financing, security rights and insolvency, 3) business and patrimonial law, and 4) financial law. With excellent facilities and a very good library, the Research Centre has produced numerous authoritative text books, monographs and serial volumes. The various research groups are also very successful in raising funds.

In 2013 the book Corporate Boards in Law and Practice was published by Oxford Uni- versity Press. The authors analyze corporate Profs. Mikhail Katsnelson (Professor of Theoretical boards, their regulation in law and codes as Physics), Theo Rasing (Professor of Spectroscopy of Solids well as the way they operate in ten European and Interfaces), Henk Stunnenberg (Professor of Molecular countries. Biology) and Mike Jetten (Professor of Ecological Micro­ biology) each received a highly prestigious ERC Advanced The Centre has also invested heavily in Investigator grant. international research in Insolvency Law. A milestone was the launch of the Interna- tional and Comparative Insolvency Law (ICIL) Series, published by Oxford Univer- sity Press. Within the framework of this Previous laureates series, the discrepancies and common features of domestic insolvency laws in twenty countries across the world are inventoried and critically analyzed. In 2013 the second volume of the series on Treatment of Contracts in Insolvency 1 2 3 4 5 6 was published.

Internationalization The focus of much research at the Univer­ sity is international. The reasons for this are that either the research equipment is too large – and expensive – for one univer- 7 8 9 10 11 sity to purchase alone (this is the case for research in Astronomy, Astrophysics, 1 Prof. Pieter Muysken 7 Prof. Stephen Levinson Particle Physics and High magnetic fields) ERC Advanced Grant 2008 ERC Advanced Grant 2010 2 Prof. Mike Jetten 8 Prof. Guillén Fernández or because the research topic has global ERC Advanced Grant 2008 ERC Advanced Grant 2010 dimensions. Here one can include research 3 Prof. Heino Falcke 9 Prof. Roeland Nolte on human health, education, literature, ERC Advanced Grant 2008 ERC Advanced Grant 2011 4 Prof. Conny Aerts 10 Prof. Bart Jacobs international law, computer security and ERC Advanced Grant 2008 ERC Advanced Grant 2012 nature management. This is why Radboud 5 Prof. Wilhelm Huck 11 Prof. Nico Verdonschot researchers regularly join forces with ERC Advanced Grant 2009 ERC Advanced Grant 2012 6 Prof. Carl Figdor colleagues at other institutes around the ERC Advanced Grant 2010 world. The main reasons why we put such a strong emphasis on international cooperation are: in order to complement and create synergy (of expertise and/or facilities), to increase critical mass, to form international research consortia, to recruit

2013 research report 11 Introduction

talented students and to provide our PhD is a compilation of 170 songs, poems and learn science and technology in relation students with the best job opportunities. prayers and for almost all of them this to communication and language A substantial number of the doctoral manuscript is the only known source. learning. candidates, post-doctoral researchers and The Egidius song – the best known – is other staff working at the University were of great importance for Dutch literature Development of society and justice born outside the Netherlands (23% of all and for music historians. The key motifs • Examples of societal impact include researchers in FTE). The illustration on of the exhibition are the themes that the participation of Prof. Michael Veder the inside front cover of this report shows are also in the manuscript: music, love, and Prof. Tomáš Richter in the Advisory some of our international partner institu- ‘const’ (art), companionship and devo- Commission of the European Commis- tions around the globe. tion. Not only do they provide a picture sion on cross-border insolvency law and

Societal impact It has always been the ambition of this Twenty-three percent of all researchers working at University to be engaged in important our University were born outside the Netherlands. societal issues and much of the research agenda is inspired by demands from society. For example, we make a significant contri- bution to achieving the Dutch government’s of the rich content of the manuscript, the membership of Prof. Carla Klaassen innovation targets. Our societal impact is they also tell us a great deal about the in the State Advisory Commission on concentrated in seven main themes: cultural, social and religious climate is Private Procedural Law. 1. Europe’s “worlds” at the time. • The Dutch Ministry of Justice has 2. Language and communication chosen the CMR group to evaluate its 3. The development of society and justice Language and communication new asylum procedure. 4. Behaviour and education • CLS has bundled its externally funded • Prof. Van Thiel was appointed to the 5. Molecules and materials projects that involve language and Committee to Evaluate Police Law, which 6. Water and wetlands speech technology in a dedicated insti- was established by the Dutch Ministry 7. Personalized medicine. tute: the Centre for Language and Speech of Safety and Justice. Technology (CLST). Through CLST, CLS • The Dutch Central Health Insurance Some highlights of our work in 2013 collaborates with many social and Board (CVZ) commissioned a study by illustrate the societal relevance of research commercial partners. Prof. Van Thiel, Dr Helderman and Dr related to these themes. • The Fowlt.net spelling checker – as well De Kruijf. This study focuses on changes as the Dutch version Valkuil.net – is not in the government’s position on health Europe’s “worlds” like other spelling checkers, which check insurance, the tasks and roles of CVZ, • The project The diversity of Islamic finance individual words against a standard list, and implications for its legitimacy as a in a comparative perspective has proved underlining those that aren’t found in quasi-autonomous non-governmental useful for those wishing to make con- that list. Instead, Fowlt.net finds errors organization (QUANGO). tacts between Islamic and conventional by looking at the context of each word. financial systems. Advice has been given Fowlt.net knows and recognises such Behaviour and education to the Dutch Ministry of Finance, lexical contexts because it contains large • Prof. Bekkering worked on translating Holland Financial Centre, Sustainable numbers of controlled error-free example insights from Cognitive Neuroscience Finance Lab and the OIKOS Foundation. texts. The programme can therefore easily into Education. Together with a major • The Gruuthuse manuscript – the most find errors that other spelling checkers publisher (Malmberg) he developed ani- important collection of Dutch literary have difficulty with, such as the difference mations, which can be used to improve texts from the Middle Ages – was between ‘its’ and ‘it’s’ and between word learning in primary schools. featured in the Gruuthuse museum in ‘you’re’ and ‘your’. Fowlt.net was • The Dutch national government decided Bruges from March to June 2013. That is developed by Research Master’s student to raise the minimal drinking age from remarkable because, since its discovery Wessel Stoop, together with PhD student 16 to 18. The BSI line of longitudinal in around 1840, it has rarely been made Maarten van Gompel, web designer studies on the role of parental rule available to the public. Jos Koldeweij, Monica Hajek, and Prof. Antal van den setting and drinking – conducted over Professor of Medieval and Early Christian Bosch. the past ten years – helped generate Art History, was the guest curator of the • Researchers working on the ‘Curious rational support for this decision. This exhibition. The Gruuthuse manuscript Minds’ project examined the way children far-reaching change in policy has a

12 radboud university nijmegen Radboud University Nijmegen has the following faculties: • Faculty of Philosophy, Theology and Religious Studies • Faculty of Arts potentially huge impact on the • Faculty of Law detrimental consequences of early- • Faculty of Social Sciences age drinking. • Nijmegen School of Management • A tool-kit on civic virtue and ethical • Faculty of Science education developed by PTR researchers • Medical Centre (Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital) was presented at a conference with school leaders (25 September 2013). Fundamental and applied research is carried out within Molecules and materials specialized institutes: • There are cooperative arrangements with • Research Institute for Philosophy, Theology and Religious Studies major companies in the Netherlands, • Institute for Historical, Literary and Cultural Studies including DSM, Philips, NXP, Solvay, Unilever and AkzoNobel. In addition, • Research Centres of the Faculty of Law the large-scale research infrastructure • Institute for Management Research at the IMM has resulted in business relationships with medium-sized • Nijmegen Institute for Social & Cultural Research technology-oriented enterprises in the Nijmegen area. • Centre for Language Studies • Prof. Rowan obtained an STW Valorisa- • Behavioural Science Institute tion grant for the further application of • Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour ‘Smart Patches’. These are patches that - Centre for Cognition are biologically similar to the skin and - Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging protect against bacteria, but release - Centre for Neuroscience wound fluids and are easy to remove. • Another STW Valorisation grant has • Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Diseases been obtained by Dr Schermer (Applied • Research Institute for Oncology Materials Science) and start-up Solar • Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity Swing for developing semi-transparent • Nijmegen Centre for Evidence-Based Practice solar blinds that regulate the transmitted • Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences light and generate electricity. • Institute for Water and Wetland Research Water and wetlands • Institute for Molecules and Materials • IWWR has structural collaborations • Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics with a large number of companies and • Institute for Computing and Information Sciences partners engaged in nature and water management and applications were stimulated by new results. Preparing for a career in research with Research • The microbiologists showed that Masters studies: anammox bacteria can remove nitrogen • Behavioural science: the study of behavioural regulation compounds from wastewater at low • Cognitive neuroscience temperatures, using both ammonium • Historical sciences or methane as an electron donor, thus • Art and visual culture considerably extending the application • Language and communication: the empirical study of of these processes in municipal waste human communicative capacities water treatment systems. • Literature and literary sciences: new philology • The aquatic ecologists closely cooperate • Molecular mechanisms of disease with the spin-off company B-Ware, • Business and Law which valorises biogeochemical and • Philosophy ecological state-of-the-art knowledge • Social cultural science: comparative research on societies for nature management and water management, together with a number of governmental organizations. One of the

2013 research report 13 Introduction

collaborative programmes in 2013, which Knowledge and technology Some examples of knowledge and was financed by the European Regional transfer technology transfer in 2013: Development Fund (ERDF), involved Academic knowledge is converted into developing innovative solutions for com- practical results with societal value in Indicators for knowledge and bining water storage, water purification various ways within the following major technology transfer and biomass production. academic domains. In 2013, the universities in the Netherlands joined forces to formulate indicators for Personalized medicine Domain Interaction with society the conversion of academic results into • The group led by Prof. Scheffer now Arts & Public debates, exhibitions, societal results. In the next two years the offers diagnostic exome sequencing for Humanities lectures, NGOs activities at this University that are a wide variety of genetically heterogeneous Social Sciences Law, mental healthcare designed to maximize knowledge and hereditary disorders, including intellectual institutions, government technology transfer will be checked disability, movement disorders, blindness departments, NGOs according to these indicators. and deafness (www.genomediagnostics- Natural Sciences Industries, NGOs nijmegen.nl). Life Sciences Hospitals, companies, Activities for the general public • Prof. J. Smeitink was invited by the NGOs Jos Koldeweij (Professor of History of Art) Netherlands Federation of University is one of the founders of the ‘Bosch Medical Centres and the Dutch Ministry Knowledge and technology transfer is one Research and Conservation Project (BRCP). of Public Health, Welfare and Sport, to of the core tasks and a key ambition of The BRCP is an international history of give his view on current and future diag- Radboud University Nijmegen. Promoting art research project. Modern technologies nostics and treatment for patients with knowledge and technology stimulates are being applied for a fundamental rare diseases. innovation and creates conditions for revaluation of the work from Jheronimus • Dr Rob Baltussen contributed to the entrepreneurship. Bosch (approx. 1450-1516). Art historians, WHO guidelines of HIV treatment. conservators and restorers from institu- • A 2nd Phase STW Valorisation grant In order to encourage the use of academic tions around the globe are cooperating to was awarded to Prof. Peter Lucas to move knowledge in society the University has analyze and conserve the heritage of one towards the market introduction of a focused on the following activities: post- of the world’s most creative artists ever. smartphone app that will support COPD academic education, joint research with Five hundred years after the anniversary of patients in detecting any worsening of private and public partners, public events, Jeroen Bosch’s death, during the ‘Bosch year their condition. the formulation of guidelines, facilitating 2016’ three of his triptychs in Venice will • Prof. Rutjes participates in the European the establishment of new companies, be returned to his city of birth Den Bosch. Lead Factory, a EU project with 30 part- encouraging start-up companies and ners who are working on building a huge educating students in entrepreneurship. Patents and licences library of new chemical compounds that In 2013, Researchers at the University sub- are potentially relevant for new medicines. Over the past decade the University has mitted a total of 20 patents in Chemistry, Within this project new compounds successfully spun off dozens of innovative Health, Life Sciences, Linguistics and will be identified, screened and further companies. These are now run by innova- Neurocognition. Furthermore, three spin- developed. Universities, research insti- tive high-tech entrepreneurs, using the off companies started up on the basis of tutes, small-medium enterprises and latest insights from academic research. previously developed intellectual property. large companies can access the database. This has also given a considerable boost • Prof. Bert van der Kogel received a ESTRO to employment in the region. Public-private cooperation Lifetime Achievement Award for his major The University also invested in a project impact on healthcare with contributions Researchers at the KNAW-Rathenau Insti- called ‘Knowledgealliance Rhein-Waal to radiobiology and translational research tute compared several quality parameters 2020’. The University thus contributes in radiation oncology. His research sub- of Dutch universities and in their 2012 – together with other knowledge institu- stantially changed the practice of the report they described Radboud University tions and SME companies – to an innova- profession. Nijmegen as a very entrepreneurial univer- tive region that extends across the nearby • Dr L. Joosten developed a new diagnostic sity. This conclusion was based on the border with Germany. The project financed test for Lyme disease and he contributed relationship of contract research to core eleven grants for entrepreneurs which to the advice for The Health Council of funding. stimulate innovative, transboundary the Netherlands about novel diagnostic enterprises. For more information see tools for Lyme disease. www.knowledgealliance.eu.

14 radboud university nijmegen Starting new businesses and education Spinoza prize 2013 on entrepreneurship In the courses ‘Durable entrepreneurship’ and ‘Policy, entrepreneurship and innova- tion’ the University teaches its students about entrepreneurship. Students get the opportunity to orient themselves within this domain, and learn how to write a business plan in relation to their own field of study.

Our academic reputation When comparing the impact scores achieved by all publications at universities in the Netherlands during two periods (2003-2006 vs. 2007-2010), it appears that the impact score of Radboud University Nijmegen has increased more than that Prof. Mikhail Katsnelson (Professor of Theoretical Physics) was one of of other universities (see Figure 5). Our the four NWO Spinoza prize laureates in 2013 (photo: Ministerie OCW). overall impact score is now fourth highest among the universities in this country.

NWO ‘Gravitation’ grant The Dutch government uses the NWO Previous laureates ‘Gravitation’ grant to encourage excellent research involving consortia of the best researchers in the Netherlands. It is dedicated to academic work that has the potential to be ‘best in the world’ within specific fields of science. The best research 1 2 3 4 5 teams receive funding for a period of 10 years. One of the six consortia which received such a programme in 2013 is coordinated by Radboud University Nijmegen and we participate in two other ‘Gravitation’ grants. 6 7 8 9 10 Prof. Mike Jetten (Dept. Microbiology) received a ‘Gravitation’ grant to establish 1 Prof. Pieter Muysken 6 Prof. Carl Figdor the Soehngen Institute of Anaerobic Spinoza Award 1998 Spinoza Award 2006 2 Prof. Anne Cutler 7 Prof. Theo Rasing Microbiology (SIAM) together with NIOZ, Spinoza Award 1999 Spinoza Award 2008 Wageningen UR and TU Delft. Prof. Jetten’s 3 Prof. Bert Meijer 8 Prof. Heino Falcke group is also involved in a ‘Gravitation’ Spinoza Award 2001 Spinoza Award 2011 4 Prof. Henk Barendregt 9 Prof. Ieke Moerdijk grant to establish the Earth System Spinoza Award 2002 Spinoza Award 2012 Sensitive Centre, which is led by Utrecht 5 Prof. Peter Hagoort 10 Prof. Mike Jetten University with the participation of Spinoza Award 2005 Spinoza Award 2012 Radboud University Nijmegen, the VU University in Amsterdam and Wageningen UR.

Prof. Carl Figdor (Dept. of Tumour Immunology) is involved in a ‘Gravitation’

2013 research report 15 Introduction

grant that will be used to establish the Prof. Theo Rasing (Professor of Spectros­ received an ERC Synergy grant to compose Institute for Chemical Immunology (ICI), copy of Solids and Interfaces) was awarded for the first time an accurate image of a which is led by the Netherlands Cancer an ERC Advanced grant, which he will use black hole. This team will test predictions Institute (NKI) in Amsterdam. to reveal how a magnetic order appears out based on current gravitation theory, of chaos and how a magnetic system can including Einstein’s general theory of NWO Spinoza Prize be switched from one state to another. relativity. The NWO awards the annual NWO Spinoza Prize to a maximum of four Dutch Prof. Henk Stunnenberg (Professor of Newly elected members at national researchers who are the very best in their Molecular Biology) will use the ERC and international academic societies field, both nationally and internationally. Advanced grant he received to study in • Profs. Heino Falcke (Astrophysics and These scientists receive this prestigious detail how the genome operates. Radio astronomy), Arthur Hartkamp prize for outstanding, groundbreaking (European Private Law), Mike Jetten research as well as their record in inspiring Prof. Mike Jetten (Professor of Ecological (Ecological Microbiology), Mikhail young researchers. In 2013, Prof. Mikhail Microbiology) received an ERC Advanced Katsnelson (Theoretical Physics), Katsnelson (Professor of Theoretical grant for the second time. He will use Renate Loll (Theoretical Physics), Asifa Physics) was one of the four laureates. this second grant to study the ecology Majid (Language, Communication and He won this prize for his innovative of anaerobic methane oxidizing micro- Cultural Cognition), Gerard Meijer research on the theory of condensed matter, organisms such as Methylomirabilis (Experimental Molecular Physics), in particular in relation to the properties of oxyfera. Roeland Nolte (Organic Chemistry), graphene. Prof. Katsnelson works closely Theo Rasing (Experimental Physics), together with the two 2010 Nobel prize ERC Synergy grant Jan Smeitink (Mitochondrial Medicine) winners Prof. Geim and Prof. Novoselov. The ERC Synergy Grants (maximum: and Ellen van Wolde (Exegesis Old €15 million) are the largest and most Testament) have been elected to the ERC Advanced Investigator grant competitive grants from the European Academia Europaea. Prof. Mikhail Katsnelson also received Research Council. The selection procedure • Prof. Han van Krieken (Pathology) was the prestigious ERC Advanced Investigator for awarding this grant is very severe elected as president of the European grant to further develop new theories on (scientific excellence is the criterion). Society of Pathology. physical properties at nanoscales and In 2013, Prof. Falcke – as the coordinator • Prof. Roshan Cools (Cognitive during hyperspeed measurements. of a team of European Astrophysicists – Neuro­psychiatry) became a Fellow

1,8 25% Figure 5: Citation impact of publications 1,6 from all universities 20% 1,4 in the Netherlands in two periods (2003-2006 1,2 15% vs. 2007-2010) and 1,0 percentage increase. 10% Source: Dialogic WTI-2 0,8 Report 2012. 0,6 5%

0,4 2003-2006 0% 0,2 2007-2010 % increase 0,0 -5% m t y m y y ente Tw nolog niversity niversity Technology Tech iden U Le ilburg U Utrecht Universit T niversity of geningen Universit U University Maastrich niversity of Groningen Wa niversity of AmsterdamU VU University Amsterda U Radboud University NijmegenErasmus University Rotterda Delft University of

Eindhoven University of

16 radboud university nijmegen of the Association for Psychological Science. • Prof. Taco Brandsen (Public Administra- tion in International Comparative Perspective) was appointed as the new Secretary-General of the European Association for Public Administration Accreditation. • Prof. Joost Drenth (Molecular Gastro­ enterology and Hepatology) was appointed to the Governing Council of the World Gastroenterology Organisation. • Prof. Alan Sanfey (Social and Cultural Psychology) was elected to the Board of the Society for Neuroeconomics. • Profs. H. Brunner (Human Genetics) and Christoph Lüthy (History of Philosophy) were elected to the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Prof. Mike Jetten and his team with the Minister of Education, Culture & Science when he received the NWO ‘Gravitation’ grant (photo: Ministerie OCW). Radboud Excellence Initiative At Radboud University Nijmegen we feel strongly that the climate for research within the university should have an Radboud Excellence Professorships from excellent to unsatisfactory, are international dimension. International These are intended for leading academics defined as follows: partnerships between researchers and whose research has had a significant • Excellent: leading, at the forefront leading academics around the world are impact in their discipline and beyond, worldwide a high priority. The Radboud Excellence and who can be expected to remain active • Very good: internationally competitive, Initiative promotes contacts and coopera- as researchers for at least several years. leading nationally tion between outstanding academics. The University will award between two and • Good: nationally competitive, visible Under this initiative, very talented scien- four Excellence Professorships every year. internationally tists based outside the Netherlands can Each Professorship enables an eminent • Satisfactory: visible nationally work at the University for shorter or longer researcher to conduct research in Nijmegen • Unsatisfactory: not worth pursuing. periods. The first call for Fellowships and for about six months. Professorships was announced in 2013. In 2013 the research at four institutes at The results of this new initiative will take External evaluations Radboud University Nijmegen was evaluated effect in 2014. Our research institutes are periodically and from a fifth institute (NISCO) two evaluated by an international committee research programmes participated in a Radboud Excellence Fellowships of peers. Plans for further improvements national disciplinary research assessment. These are intended for exceptionally talented are based on their assessment and recom- young researchers, who are selected on the mendations. Donders Institute for Brain, basis of their academic record, as well as a Cognition and Behaviour (DI) promising original research plan. Twenty The review committees assess the insti­- The committee rated the performance Fellowships will be offered every year. These tutes according to the Standard Evaluation of the Institute over the past six years as are intended for researchers based outside Protocol for Academic Research in the “excellent.” The Evaluation Committee the Netherlands who have obtained their Netherlands, which includes an evaluation confirmed the Donders Institute’s interna- doctorates between two and twelve years of the training and education programme tional reputation by stating that it “has had ago. Each Fellowship funds a research for PhD students. For each programme, an important and substantial impact in the project lasting one to two years, to be there are four criteria: 1) quality, 2) pro- international field” and that the Principal conducted in one of our ‘top’ research ductivity, 3) relevance and 4) vitality & Investigators were recognized as “top groups. feasibility. The assessments, which range researchers in their field.” The committee

2013 research report 17 Introduction

have been assessed. The reports on these assessments will also be delivered in 2014.

Academic integrity The University Board actively promotes academic integrity and accountability by stimulating awareness on this topic among all those engaged in research. All research institutes reported on current practice, improvements and further implementation of rules for sound scientific conduct. These practices include dedicated seminars for staff, doctoral candidates and Research Master’s students, new policies related to data storage and management (data acqui- sition, data analysis and reporting), and critical assessments by expert colleagues.

We avoid experiments with animals Prof. Heino Falcke (Coordinator; Radboud University Nijmegen and ASTRON), wherever possible and explore alternative Prof. Luciano Rezzolla (Goethe University Frankfurt and the Max Planck Institute methods in which no animals are involved. for Gravitational Physics) and Prof. Michael Kramer (Max Planck Institute for Where animal experiments do take place, Radio Astronomy) won an ERC Synergy grant. we aim to optimize conditions and critically summarize all available evidence by engaging in systematic reviews. These reviews have was impressed by what has been achieved establishing an administrative unity for long been carried out for clinical trials and in six years and observed an extraordinary the institute, but that it has also created are now also being applied to animal studies spirit of cooperation: “The Institute is a unity with respect to the content of the (see: www.SYRCLE.nl). Systematic reviews a very stimulating environment for top research. This has given the institute a clear produce better quality science, help to researchers as well as for young talent.” and coherent profile that makes it visible implement the best-practice three Rs The four themes of the DI were also both nationally and internationally.” The (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement) assessed. Both the quality and the product­ institute is currently writing a plan to and, last but not least, improve patient ivity were in each case rated as “very good implement the recommendations of safety. to excellent” or “excellent.” The DI produced the committee. a plan to implement the points for improve- As required by law, experiments that include ment as mentioned in the committee’s Institute for Management human or animal subjects are subject to report. Research (IMR) approval by an independent ethics The research and education of doctoral committee. Research Institute for Philosophy, candidates at IMR have been evaluated. Theology and Religious Studies (PTR) A definitive assessment report is expected When weaknesses in the security of com- The institute PTR was overall assessed as early in 2014. mercial digital devices have been identified “very good.” The evaluation committee by the Institute for Computing and Infor- praised the leadership of PTR “exceptionally Institute for Science Innovation & mation Sciences (iCIS), results are reported well” for its progress in constituting new Society (ISIS) first to the companies or authorities research programmes. The Committee Research at ISIS has also been evaluated involved, before they are made public. “is impressed with the progress made in and the assessment report is expected just a couple of years, and with the general early in 2014. Academic integrity and accountability enthusiasm, sense of expectation, and remain important issues. To strengthen energy that has created an excellent atmos- Nijmegen Institute for Social & awareness of these topics, the Executive phere within the institute.” Furthermore Cultural Research (NISCO) Board installed the University Advisory the Committee “welcomes the fact that Finally, two programmes at NISCO Council on Scientific Integrity in 2013. the institute has not only succeeded in – Cultural Anthropology and Sociology – This council operates as a university

18 radboud university nijmegen think tank on various aspects of scientific Schwabe, Alexandra Silva, Jurjen Tel, Sicco ERC Consolidator Grants have been integrity. The council plays an active role Verwer, Jenny van der Wijst and Jialiang Xu. awarded to four researchers: in implementing the recommendations • Prof. Peter Friedl for his study on tumour of the university’s committee on scientific Ten post-doctoral researchers received biology in live animal models using novel integrity, which were published in October an NWO Vidi grant in 2013. This major multiphoton microendoscopy technology 2012. achievement will enable them to develop to map cancer progression, metastasis their line of research for five years. These and therapy response. In November 2013 the Executive Board grants were awarded to Drs Christian • Dr Ronald van Rij for his study on the decided on the University Policy on Storage Beckmann, Christian Döller, Leonie defence system of mosquitoes against and management of Research Data, which is Kamminga, Dirk Lefeber, Kristin Lemhöfer, viruses such as Dengue Fever and West- being implemented in the Research Data Hendrik Marks, Klaas Mulder, Rinke Nile virus that are increasingly invading Management project. Stienstra, Walter van Suijlekom and Silke western countries. Weinfurtner. • Prof. Moniek Buijzen for her research Grants and awards for excellent on applying social media in health young scientists Five more senior researchers received campaigns targeting young people in Many young scientists and a Research NWO Vici grants in 2013. These substantial order to encourage greater mobility and Master’s student received prestigious grants will enable them to further develop healthier eating. national or international grants or awards their line of research for five years. These • Prof. Andrea Evers for studying the in 2013, competing with some of the best grants were awarded to Profs. Barbara influence of individual expectations in the world. Franke, Bram van Ginneken, Joost on the outcome of medical treatments Hoenderop and Karin Roelofs and Dr involving physical responses, for Nineteen researchers received an NWO Ronald Roepman. example by the immune system. Veni grant in 2013. This will enable them to do research for three years after graduating Four prestigious Starting Grants from the One young researcher – Vitória Piai MSc – with a PhD. The winners this year were European Research Council were awarded received an NWO Rubicon Scholarship Drs Thomas Boltje, Jordy Bouwman, Cindy to Drs Corien Bary, Geert van den Bogaart, to enable her to go abroad to conduct Dieteren, Katharina Ettwig, Christian Bas van de Meerakker and Mangala research immediately after gaining her Gilissen, Sean Gryb, Nina Hubner, Giedo Srinivas. This grant allows budding top doctorate. Jansen, Sander Lestrade, Mercedes Martin- researchers to initiate their own line of Benito, Sven Meeder, Wim Noorduin, Peter investigation. Reorganization of research institutes at Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre In 2013, the Board of Directors of the Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc) decided to establish a new Veni, Vidi, Vici 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 organizational structure for its research Veni activities. After thorough evaluation of This university 11 14 8 18 20 19 42 research topics within the current six Percentage of all grants acquired 9.8% 10.2% 5.4% 12.8% 14.0% 12.8%* research institutes, the board identified 17 disease-related themes, covering the Vidi full spectrum from molecule to man to This university 10 8 10 No 7 10 population, and two generic themes. Percentage of all grants acquired 14.5% 9.9% 13.3% Vidi Call 8.1% 12.5%* Together, these 19 fields will form the Radboudumc research profile. A new Vici organizational structure designed to This university 1 No 3 3 4 5 optimally support research in these areas Percentage of all grants acquired 3.8% Vici Call 10.0% 9.7% 14.3% 17.9%* will be implemented from January 2014. *Performance consistently far exceeds 7.3 %, which would be expected if the percentage of total grants It will comprises three (instead of six) were equivalent to the University’s share of core funding (core funding is based on student numbers and institutions: the Radboud Institute for the number of graduations per year). Molecular Life Sciences, the Radboud Institute for Health Sciences and the Table 1. Success rate in acquisition of personal grants for research (NWO) Donders Centre for Neuroscience.

2013 research report 19 Research Institute for Philosophy, Theology and Religious Studies

Pierre Gassendi (1592-1655; French philosopher, scientist and mathematician) introduced a theory of the universe: a homogeneous entity with independent bodies.

The Research Institute for Philosophy, Theology Programme 1: Competing Worldviews and Religious Studies (PTR) aims to enhance This programme, which has the subtitle Philosophy, Theology, and Science as Competitors and Complements, addresses the complex knowledge of fundamental academic issues relationship between philosophical, scientific and religious views relating to society, human beings and their place on humankind, society and the natural world. Both the history in the natural world. It conducts interdisciplinary and the current status of these problematic issues are investigated. research on three dominant themes in philosophy, The programme encompasses projects that focus on specific concepts (such as that of ‘natural law’), methods (e.g. explanation vs. under- theology and religious studies, each of which is standing) and institutions (e.g. the Inquisition or the University). addressed in a distinct research programme. It is carried out by researchers working on the History of Philosophy (Prof. Lüthy), Systematic Religious Studies (Prof. Hübenthal), History of Church and Christianity (Prof. Müller) and Fundamental Philosophy (Prof. Van Haute).

Programme 2: Cognitive Humanities Culture – which includes language and religion – and the human cognitive system are inextricably intertwined. On the one hand, language, religion and other cultural artefacts are products of the

20 radboud university nijmegen human mind. On the other hand, they provide a unique cognitive Staff niche within which the human mind can function and flourish. Researchers working in the Cognitive Humanities programme Prof. P.J.J.M. Bakker (p) Tenured investigate language and religion by using existing knowledge of the Prof. J.A.M. Bransen (o) Full Professors 9.0 FTE human cognitive system. Conversely, they investigate the human Prof. B. Geurts (o) Associate Professors 1.4 FTE cognitive system through insights into language and religion. Prof. M.A.C. de Haardt (p) Assistant Professors 6.8 FTE The programme involves collaboration between researchers working Prof. P.I.M.M. van Haute (o) Researchers 1.8 FTE on Comparative Religious Studies (Prof. Venbrux), Empirical and Prof. G.J. van der Heiden (o) Practical Religious Studies (Prof. Hermans), Textual Sources of Judaism Prof. C.A.M. Hermans (o) Non-tenured and Christianity (Prof. van Wolde) and Philosophy of Mind and Prof. C.H. Hübenthal (o) Researchers 4.2 FTE Language (Prof. Slors). Prof. C.H. Lüthy (o) Doctoral candidates 13.0 FTE Prof. D.A.T. Müller (o) Programme 3: Modernity Contested Prof. K. van Nieuwkerk (o) Research funding Modernity encompasses the impact of science and technology as well Prof. P.J.A. Nissen (p) as the rationalization and individualization of society. It questions Prof. J. van Oort (p) and reshapes religious identities and puts community ideals under Prof. J.B.A.M. Schilderman (p) pressure. The process of modernization is therefore highly contested Prof. M.V.P. Slors (o) – both from the inside by Western criticism and from the outside Prof. H.G.B. Teule (p) perspective of non-Western societies. Researchers working in this Prof. J.M.M.H. Thijssen (o) programme investigate the status and legitimacy of various contest­ Prof. P.J.M. van Tongeren (o) ations of the modernity process. The programme also focuses on Prof. P.J.C.L. van der Velde (p) Core Grants Contracts concepts of citizenship emerging after the Arab Spring ‘revolutions’. Prof. H.J.M. Venbrux (o) It involves collaboration between researchers in Islam Studies Prof. J.G. van der Watt (o) (Prof. van Nieuwkerk) and Practical Philosophy (Prof. Wils) Prof. F.J.S. Wijsen (o) Prof. J.-P. Wils (o) In 2013, the PTR Research Institute was assessed by a committee Prof. E.J. van Wolde (o) of internationally renowned researchers in philosophy, theology Prof. E. van der Zweerde (p) and religious studies. The committee’s report highlights the areas in which the Institute is excellent and constructively identifies opportunities for improvement. The Institute’s research is assessed (0), (e) and (p) see Glossary overall as being ‘very good’ – as reflected in a solid grade of 4 (the maximum is 5).

Research facilities The faculty library, which is integrated in the central humanities joint projects and PhD training. Other PTR researchers participate library, has excellent collections of books and journals on philoso- in the Netherlands School for Advanced Studies in Theology and phy, theology and religious studies. It houses one of the world’s Religion, in the Netherlands Interuniversity School for Islamic largest microfilm collection of medieval and Renaissance manu- Studies and in the Research School for Medieval Studies. Inter­ scripts on logic, semantics, natural philosophy, metaphysics and nationally, researchers collaborate extensively with colleagues theology. The library also contains several special collections and from numerous, often well-known academic institutions. includes the Catholic Documentation Centre – a unique source for anthropological and missiological research. There is collaboration with various inter­national research groups, including those working in high-ranking institutes such Collaboration as the Universities of Edinburgh, Berlin and Paris IV (la Sorbonne). Researchers in the PTR Research Institute collaborate intensively or instance, the Centre for the History of Philosophy and Science with colleagues, locally, nationally and internationally. Locally collaborates, via a series of joint-degree PhD projects, with the collaboration consists in joint research groups with other faculties University of Bucharest, the Free University of Brussels, the and joint conferences such as the the 2013 Europe and its Worlds Innovationszentrum Wissensforschung, Freie Universität in Berlin, conference, a joint project of the Arts faculty and PTR. Nationally, and the École normale supérieure in Paris. These collaborative they participate in accredited (Royal Netherlands Academy of projects are not only funded by the respective universities, but also Arts and Sciences; KNAW) research schools. The newly founded by the EU or the Max Planck Gesellschaft. The political philosophy Research School for Philosophy offers philosophers new options for research groups at Radboud University Nijmegen and the Catholic

2013 research report 21 Research Institute for Philosophy, Theology and Religious Studies

University of Leuven collaborate on the basis of an agreement initial results. Prof. van Wolde and R. Vardi (MA) analysed the between the two universities that is currently being renegotiated. meaning of words in the minds of Biblical Hebrew language users And the comparative religious studies chair cooperates with the by studying patterns of associations between words, collocations Universities of Hull and Sheffield in the AHRC-funded network and larger constructions in their contexts of use. This approach Crossing Over: New Narratives of Death. The Institute’s three enables them to access the ancient human mind through the research programmes allow for programme-based cooperation study of language. with existing research institutes. Prof. Geurts co-authored a high-impact paper on the development Researchers working in Programme 1 are forming a consortium of infants’ understanding of others, showing that the conventional with the École normale supérieure (Paris) and a number of West wisdom on this topic needs serious adjustment. Dr Buskes demon- and East European universities. They also continued interdisciplinary strated that the growth of human culture is the result of cumulative collaboration on the history of Christian eschatological movements processes of selection. Prof. Slors published a new model of effective with the international research group CIRCAED. Programme 2 is conscious intentions and Dr de Bruin developed an account of our in the process of acquiring Netherlands Organisation for Scientific ability to understand the emotions of others based on the ‘situated Research (NWO) funding for collaboration with the Religion, cognition’ paradigm. Cognition and Culture MINDlab of the University of Arhus, Denmark. Those involved in programme 3 collaborate with The Prof. Wijsen analysed the discourse on Islamic extremism in Freiburg Institute of Advanced Studies, the Geneva Institute of Tanzania and Indonesia, showing how participants position them- Social Studies as well as with the RGGU (Moscow), the Arizona selves as ‘normal’ believers by silencing and ridiculing ‘extremist’ State University, and the University of the West of England/Bristol. Muslims. Prof. Hermans tested and validated a new means of measuring the spiritual transformation of Christian school leaders Research results in South Africa. Programme I: Competing Worldviews Prof. Bakker was the first to produce an overview of Aristotelian Prof. Venbrux, Dr Quartier, Dr Venhorst and B. Mathijssen (MA) philosophy in the late 15th century, a period characterised by the developed a framework that unifies a range of case studies on Euro- transition from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance. Prof. Lüthy, pean ways of dealing with death. A series of studies published by Dr Hirai, Dr Sakamoto, Dr Bakker and Dr Palmerino conceived an Dr Hense, Dr Jespers, Profs. Nissen and Van der Velde illuminated ambitious NWO-funded project on 16th-century atomism, providing the lure of Catholic monastic spirituality, Buddhist practices and a deeper understanding of early scientific conceptions of matter. imagery, and the process of religious transformation among Prof. Müller charted the transition from the Roman religion to immigrant Muslims. Christianity, focusing on the development of the concept of the paganus. Examining the practice of canon law over the past two Programme 3: Modernity Contested centuries, Dr Ackermans prepared an edition of Prof. Pieter Dr Borg has successfully used poetry as a source for interpreting Smulder’s diary during the Second Vatican Council. historical transformations in Islam. This approach also proved fruitful for the study of new Muslim identities. Dr Meijer analysed There is a new research line under the leadership of Prof. the use of the term ‘citizen’ by Arab Spring activists and discovered Hübenthal (Public Theology), which is part of the systematic a serious lack of knowledge among such activists about political religious studies group. Dr van Erp developed a project that gauged developments in the Middle East. Dr Becker has identified and the impact of Schillebeeckx’ theology on the evolution of public analysed the main networks of public Muslim da’wa activism in theology and Prof. De Haardt presented novel insights into the Germany and its new logic of ‘connective activism’ involving the theology of cities and public spaces. In the fundamental philosophy use of social media. Dr Wagemakers investigated the role of the group, Prof. van der Heiden finished a book on Ontology after Onto- Palestinian question in the development and ideology of radical theology: Plurality, Event and Contingency in Contemporary Philosophy. Islam. He discovered that Palestinians are not widely represented Prof. Van Haute and Dr Westerink worked on an edition of Freud’s among radical Muslims and that Palestinian issues are not always 1905 Drei Abhandlungen zur Sexual Theorie (Three Essays on the Theory at the top of lists of grievances. of Sexuality). Dr Vasterling prepared a book on Hannah Arendt (to be published in 2014). Prof. van der Zweerde investigated democracy, human rights, religion and national identity in the South Caucasus. His studies Programme 2: Cognitive Humanities provided significant new insights into the problems that emerge Dr Bary has set up a multi-disciplinary project on the ways in when modernity meets non-Western regions. In collaboration with which the perspective of, for example, the author or protagonist of Dr Becker, Van der Zweerde also edited a special issue of Religion, a story is represented in ancient Greek language and has produced State and Society on Christian Social Thought. Dr Terpstra published

22 radboud university nijmegen Dr Delphine Bellis (postdoc at the Department of History of Philosophy) received an NWO Veni grant. The aim of her research project is to study the impact of Gassendi’s philosophy on the scientific revolution, particularly in England, including his influence on Isaac Newton.

on ‘political theology’, concluding that the Roman Catholic Church to public events throughout the Netherlands and abroad. For in- accepts liberal democracy precisely because it is implicitly committed stance, Prof. van Wolde was interviewed in front of a live audience to the idea that politics is based on fundamental values. Prof. Wils by Wim Brands and Prof. Slors was interviewed twice for Dutch published a book on the future and the political shape of health- TV channel VPRO’s programme Labyrinth; he also spoke at, for care systems in Europe which argues that, although the market- example, the Radboud TEDx conference, the Oerol festival and economy model is still dominant in politics, an alternative model Lowlands. Dr Palmerino engaged with eminent academics such as is starting to appear. Prof. van Tongeren published on the good life, Profs. Hans Clevers, Erik Verlinde and Willem Knoops in a discus- friendship, forgiving and retribution, and human dignity. sion on the nature of thought experiments (NRC Handelsblad, 31 August 2013). Dr Spruit and Prof. Lüthy both wrote for important Awards and grants daily newspapers (Trouw, supplement ‘Letter and Geest’; and Neue • Dr Bary has acquired a prestigious ERC starting grant for her Zürcher Zeitung, supplement ‘Feuilleton’). Dr Bax participated in a project on the Language of Perspective. dossier on the future of the humanities for De Groene Amsterdammer • Prof. van Tongeren received the 2013 Socrates award for best (31 October 2013). Prof. Bransen published a widely discussed book Dutch philosophy book for his book Leven is een kunst. Over on the influence of ‘experts’ on public opinion. morele ervaring, deugdethiek en levenskunst (Zoetermeer 2012). • Prof. Lüthy was elected to the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts A second strand consists of contributions to sustaining cultural and Sciences (KNAW); he also obtained one of the three 2013 heritage and cultural memory. Thus, for instance, the new research Radboud Science Awards for his book on David Gorlaeus (2012). line of the chair of systematic religious studies on Public Theology • Dr Bellis acquired a Veni postdoc grant from NWO. immediately generated interest and collaboration from the ‘Thijm­ • Dr Cimino received a grant from the Fritz Thyssen Foundation genootschap’ and ‘Justitia et Pax Nederland’, organizations which for the publication of his book on Heidegger. are interested in new accounts of how they can enter into a theolog- • Prof. van Wolde was elected as a member of the Academia ically informed dialogue with a secularized society. Prof. van Wolde Europaea, ‘The Academy of Europe’. participated in the University’s Lustrum Programme Radboud Kids. • Dr Spruit has been elected Visiting Prof. for 2014 by the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW). Thirdly, PTR researchers frequently provide advice to arrange of • S. Bultman (MA) received a Frye Stipend. organizations and authorities, including the Dutch national coordinator for terrorism and security (NCTV). The PIM project Societal impact (publiek Islamitische Missiewerking) is financed by the Ministry of The societal impact of PTR research has three strands. Firstly, Justice. A report for the Norwegian NGO NOREF, Explaining the many researchers contribute to societal debate via public lectures Arab Uprisings. Citizenship as Agency of Change, has been published. and discussions, contributions to newspapers and publications for The project The diversity of Islamic finance in a comparative perspective wider audiences. The Soeterbeeck Programme is an important plat- has facilitated contacts between Islamic and conventional financial form for dissemination of research through debates and lectures. systems. Advice has been given to the Ministry of Finance, Holland Many PTR researchers contributed to this programme via lectures, Financial Centre, Sustainable Finance Lab and The OIKOS Founda- as interviewers or as advisors. In addition, researchers contributed tion. The project on Comparing European Death Ways is in the process

2013 research report 23 Research Institute for Philosophy, Theology and Religious Studies

Key publications

Abram, M.L. & Bakker, P.J.J.M. (2013). Der reale Unterschied zwischen Wijsen, F.J.S. (2013). ‘There are radical Muslims and normal Muslims’: dem aktiven und möglichen Intellekt. Pietro Pomponazzi’s quaestio an analysis of the discourse on Islamic extremism. Religion, 43(1), ‘Utrum intellectus agens et possibilis sint duae realiter distinctae 70-88. et quid sint’. In J.M. Counet & R.L. Friedman (Eds.), Medieval Perspectives on Aristotle’s ‘De anima’ (pp. 297-358). Louvain-la- Wils, J.-P. & Baumann-Hölzle, R. (2013). Sinn und Zukunft des Neuve: Peeters. Gesundheitswesens. Wege aus der Vertrauenskrise. Ein philosophischer Kommentar in praktischer Absicht. Zürich/Basel/Genf: Schulthess Bax, C. (2013). Reading On Certainty through the Lens of Cavell: Juristische Medien. Scepticism, Dogmatism and the ‘Groundlessness of our Believing’. International Journal of Philosophical Studies, 21(4), 515-533. Wolde, E.J. van (2013). One Bow or Another? A Study of the Bow in Genesis 9:8-17. Vetus Testamentum, 63, 124-149. Buskes, C.J.J. (2013). Darwinism Extended - A Survey of How the Idea of Cultural Evolution Evolved. Philosophia, 41(3), 661-691. Dissertations: 12 Cimino, A. (2013). Phänomenologie und Vollzug. Heideggers Scientific publications: 234 performative Philosophie des faktischen Lebens (Heidegger Forum, 9). Professional publications: 105 Frankfurt am Main: Klostermann.

Heiden, G.J. van der (2013). Reading Bartleby, Reading Ion: On a Difference between Agamben and Nancy. International Yearbook for Hermeneutics, 12, 92-108.

Koning, M.J.M. de (2013). The Moral Maze. Dutch Salafis and the Construction of a Moral Community of the Faithful. Contemporary Islam, 7, 71-83.

Nieuwkerk, K. van (2013). Performing Piety. Singers and Actors in Egypt’s Islamic Revival. Austin: University of Texas Press.

Rubio-Fernández, P. & Geurts, B. (2013). How to pass the false-belief task before your fourth birthday? Psychological Science, 24, 27-33.

Slors, M.V.P. (2013). Conscious Intending as Self-Programming. Philosophical Psychology, 1-20.

Terpstra, M.J. (2013). The Political Theology of a Potestas Indirecta. Religion, State & Society, 41(2), 133-151.

Venbrux, H.J.M., Quartier, T., Venhorst, C.J.H. & Mathijssen, B.M.H.P. (Eds.). (2013). Changing European Death Ways. Münster: Lit Verlag.

Wagemakers, J. (2013). In Search of ‘Lions and Hawks’: Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi’s Palestinian Identity. Die Welt des Islams, 53(3-4), 388-415.

24 radboud university nijmegen Director: Prof. Marc Slors Research Institute for Philosophy, Theology and Religious Studies Since November 2005, Marc Slors has been Professor of Philosophy of Mind Postal address and Cognition at Radboud University PO Box 9103 Nijmegen. He got his PhD in philosophy 6500 HD Nijmegen from the University of Utrecht in 1997 The Netherlands (his supervisor was at the University of Illinois in Chicago). He then worked as Visiting address an NWO postdoc and later as a KNAW Erasmusplein 1 research fellow at Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen and the Australian National University. He has published widely on T: +31 (0)24 361 21 68 problems connected to the mind-brain F: +31 (0)24 361 55 64 relationship, mostly in international E: [email protected] scholarly journals, but recently also for I: www.ru.nl/ptrs/research/about-our-research wider audiences. He is associate editor of Philosophical Explorations.

of setting up a funerary academy with stakeholders such as DELA. Finally, a tool-kit on civic virtue and ethical education was developed by PTR researchers and presented at a conference with school leaders (25 September 2013).

Future research In programme 1 new lines of research, for example, on the Humanist revival of pre-Socratic philosophy and atomism, will be initiated, while various book projects will be completed. The NWO project on 16th-century atomism will continue. In programme 2 an Etty Hillesum project will start in the memorial year 2014, as well as a project on the lure of monastic spirituality. Cognitive linguistic studies of Biblical Hebrew will focus on the categories of emotion and motion, deepening our knowledge of ancient cognition. The more general interdependence of language, culture and cognition will become a unifying line of inquiry. Furthermore, NWO-funded projects on eschatology and spiritual care for cancer patients will commence. In programme 3 a joint research project with the Norwegian NGO NOREF on the reawakening of citizens after the Arab uprisings will start. An EU-funded COST project, involving 29 researchers, all from different universities, will work on forming a large research consortium for the purpose of preparing further European grant proposals. Current research on future concepts and models of democracy – as well as on the problematic relationship between both Western and non-Western religions and moderniza- tion processes – will be continued.

2013 research report 25 Institute for Historical, Literary and Cultural Studies

Modern technologies are being applied as part of a fundamental revaluation of the work of Jheronimus Bosch (approx. 1450-1516).

The Institute for Historical, Literary and Cultural for discussing research plans and results, ensuring communication Studies (HLCS) is part of the Faculty of Arts. Its between researchers and supporting academic integrity. The results of HLCS research are intended for a scholarly audience of peers, main objective is to create a stimulating environ- but often for a wider audience as well. ment for research in the fields of literature and literary theory, cultural studies, history, art history Research facilities and archaeology. From 2014 onwards, HLCS research • The Humaniora Library (155,000 volumes, 15,500 serial volumes, 750 serial subscriptions and 600 manuscripts) will be organized in two programmes based on a • The Catholic Documentation Centre: archives – and publications common focus and a specific period: ‘Europe and – of Catholic institutions and individuals in the Netherlands, its Worlds before 1800’ and ‘Europe and its Worlds 1800-present (www.ru.nl/kdc) after 1800’. • The Centre for Art Historical Documentation: manages a large collection of visual material, providing services related to image research and the delivery of image material (www.ru.nl/ckd) ‘Europe and its Worlds’ is a research theme in which the question • The Auxilia archaeological project bureau (Provincial Roman as to how ‘Europe’ consists of different worlds is addressed, how History; excavations in the former territories of Germania it differs from the rest of the world, and how it interacts with Inferior, especially in Ulpia Noviomagus Batavorum other worlds. Within these programmes, researchers collaborate (www.ru.nl/auxilia) in thematic groups to explore the spaces, cultural practices, beliefs, • Kunera: a database of over 15,000 medieval pilgrim badges texts and ideas related to the central theme. The groups combine and ampullae of religious and profane subjects expertise from a variety of disciplines and function as platforms (www.kunera.nl).

26 radboud university nijmegen Collaboration Staff HLCS focuses on establishing European research networks with prominent partners in its areas of expertise. Prof. R.A.M. Aerts (o) Prof. R.H.J. Spronk (e) Prof. C.C. van Baalen (p) Prof. M. Steenmeijer (o) Prof. Olivier Hekster and Dr Gerda de Kleijn are members of the Prof. J.T.J. Bak (o) Prof. P.A. Stephenson (o) Executive Board of the International Network ‘Impact of Empire’, Prof. S.L. de Blaauw (p) Prof. A.C. Tilroe (e) whose members study the Roman Empire and the consequences Prof. O. Dekkers (o) Prof. T.H.G. Verhoeven (e) of its actions for the regions it dominated. The network is directed Prof. Th.L.M. Engelen (p) by an international board of highly respected scholars studying the Prof. F.J.M. de Feijter (o) Classics, Archaeology, Ancient History, and History of Law from Prof. G.C.A.M. van Gemert (p) Tenured the Institute of Advances Studies (Princeton), CNRS (Paris), Prof. J.B.H. de Haan (e) Full Professors 10.5 FTE Leiden University, Università La Sapienza (Rome), Universität Prof. O.J. Hekster (o) Associate Professors 3.8 FTE Wien, New York University, Universität Heidelberg and the Prof. J.H.T. Joosten (o) Assistant Professors 16.9 FTE University of St Andrews. Prof. J. Kok (p) Researchers 7.8 FTE Prof. A.M. Koldeweij (o) In the research project ‘Transcultural Critical Editing: Vernacular Prof. A.P.M.H. Lardinois (o) Non-tenured Poetry in the Burgundian Netherlands, 1450-1530’ Prof. Johan Prof. S.A. Levie (o) Researchers 14.3 FTE Oosterman is collaborating with researchers from Queen Mary Prof. V. Manuth (o) Doctoral candidates 42.2 FTE University of London, Cambridge University, Utrecht University Prof. F. Mehring (o) and Ghent University. The objective of the project is to develop Prof. J.R. ter Molen (e) Research funding understanding of transcultural exchange in pre-modern societies Prof. M.E. Monteiro (o) by editing French and Dutch poetry produced in the Burgundian Prof. E.M. Moormann (o) Netherlands, during the period 1450-1530, in ways that identify Prof. I.J.A. Nijenhuis (e) communication across language communities. Prof. J.B. Oosterman (o) Prof. M.G.M. van der Poel (o) Prof. Odin Dekkers and Dr Usha Wilbers are members of the Prof. P.G.J.M. Raedts (o) core group of ESPRit, the European Society for Periodical Research, Prof. P.J.A.N. Rietbergen (o) which was founded by periodical researchers from Austria (Univer- Prof. F.M.J. Schuerewegen (o) Core Grants Contracts sity of Salzburg), Belgium (University of Ghent), England (Univer­ Prof. A.M. Smelik (p) sity of Salford, Manchester; Manchester Metropolitan University), the Netherlands (Radboud University Nijmegen), Scotland (Edinburgh Napier University), and the United States (New Jersey City University). The aim of the organization is to bring together the resources of individual scholars from various disciplines who work with periodicals. Aurea was built within four years, including the painted and marble decoration, a gigantic task for the painters and marble workers who Prof. Carla van Baalen is one of the founders of the European decorated the hundreds of square meters wall and floor. The different Information and Research Network on Parliamentary History types of decorations provide insight into the relationship between (EuParl), which connects European research institutions and experts the ornaments and the status and function of the rooms. in parliamentary history. The network facilitates the exchange and dissemination of knowledge and promotes comparative studies on PhD student Bart Verheijen’s Master’s thesis about two centuries the development of parliamentary culture in Europe. It also seeks of historiography and the historiographical debate on the French to help increase the visibility of institutions beyond their national Revolution, which was awarded the Prix de Paris in 2010, was boundaries and it facilitates cooperation between the participating published as a book in which he describes how the revolutionary institutions. terror determined thinking about French politics and society for a considerable time. The French Revolution was the origin of Research results individualism and modern freedom, principles we still cherish An important new book about Nero’s Domus Aurea by Prof. Eric today, although the debate on the revolution has been adapted Moormann and Dr Paul Meyboom (Leiden University) describes to the twenty-first century. Verheijen: ‘The question arises as to the results of twenty years of research on the construction and whether our European democratic ideals remain connected with decoration of the ‘Golden House’, the biggest palace in Rome, which the revolution. And, based on this, should we embrace or reject was built in the first century AD. They discovered that the Domus the revolutions in the Arab world?’

2013 research report 27 Institute for Historical, Literary and Cultural Studies

Centre for Parliamentary History Societal impact Director: Prof. Carla van Baalen While the concept of societal impact is often included in general www.ru.nl/cpg academic assessment protocols, it is rarely prioritized or made operational. The HLCS director encourages staff members working in specific areas of research to spend up to fifty percent of their HLCS houses the Centre for Parliamentary History (known by time on addressing the societal impact of their work and takes its Dutch abbreviation, CPG), in which researchers study Dutch this into account in his assessment of their output. parliamentary history since the Second World War. Results from this research are published in the series ‘Parlementaire The Gruuthuse manuscript – the most important collection of Geschiedenis van Nederland na 1945’ (Dutch parliamentary Dutch literary texts from the Middle Ages – was featured in the history since 1945) and the annals of parliamentary history Gruuthuse museum in Bruges from March to June 2013. That is from 1999 onwards. remarkable because, since its discovery around 1840, it hasn’t often been made available to the public. Jos Koldeweij, Professor of Medieval and Early Christian Art History, was guest curator of the exhibition. The Gruuthuse manuscript is a compilation of 170 songs, poems and prayers and for almost all of them this manuscript is the only known source. The Egidius song – the best The balance of power between the King and parliament completely known song – is of great importance for Dutch literature and for changed in the two hundred years of the Kingdom of the Nether- music historians. The key motifs of the exhibition are the themes lands. At first the King had the most power but, bit by bit, power in the manuscript: music, love, ‘const’ (art), companionship and shifted to the Government, the House of Representatives and the devotion. Not only do they provide a picture of the rich content electorate. Kingdom, democracy, and their relationship – these are of the manuscript, they also tell us a great deal about the cultural, the subjects of the 2013 Yearbook Parliamentary History, which was social and religious climate of the time. presented in The Hague on 19 November, ten days before the start of the official commemoration of two centuries of the Kingdom. The Golden Age was a period of vibrant economic and cultural prosperity. But the eighteenth century was anything but boring, Europa in alle staten (Europe in all states), a book co-written by according to historian Dr Joost Rosendaal. He wrote the book political historians at HLCS, provides an overview of the history Uit de plooi. De achttiende eeuw in beweging, on the occasion of of European integration by describing structural dilemmas such the exhibition with the same title in Museum Het Valkhof in as supranationality versus the nation state or the tensions Nijmegen. He describes the eighteenth century as a century of between deeper integration and the inclusion of new members. development, in which there was more scope for different faiths A lot of attention is also paid to the broader context of post-war and dissenters. The scientific revolution got a foothold with a wider politics, the architects of integration, the structural issues of audience and citizens increasingly claimed a role in governance. transfer of sovereignty and solidarity, euroscepticism and the According to Rosendaal, the Dutch revolution started in this democratic deficit. For each phase in the history of the EU, the period, and thus the modern, democratic Netherlands as we authors offer clear characterizations of the associated political know it now. theory and historical themes. Europa in alle staten provides a valuable insight into the functioning of the EU as it is now as Dr Alicia Montoya is director of the newly established Knowledge well as its genesis. Centre France-Netherlands, that promotes, compiles and dissemi- nates the results of Dutch research in the field of Franco-Dutch Awards relations. The centre aims to create interdisciplinary, fruitful col- Dr Matthijs Ilsink, Lecturer in Art History and coordinator of laborations within the academic community, while giving exposure the Bosch Research and Conservation Project, received the Karel to expertise in this area by means of an annual conference and the van Mander Prize 2013 for his dissertation Bosch en Bruegel als publication of its results. The centre can be consulted whenever Bosch (2009, cum laude). The Karel van Mander Prize is awarded specific expertise is needed in the area of current or historical annually to an exceptional art historical publication of academic developments in the relationship between France and the interest. Once every five years, this prize is awarded within the Netherlands. field of medieval art and crafts up to 1550, which is Dr Ilsink’s area of expertise. On the occasion of the 90th anniversary of the Faculty of Arts, a series of film debates entitled ‘Denkbeelden Europa’ was organized at the LUX cultural centre in Nijmegen. In six episodes, scholars investigated Europe’s identity on the basis of films they had chosen.

28 radboud university nijmegen Dr Matthijs Ilsink, Assistant Professor in Art History and coordinator of the Bosch Research and Conservation Project, received the Karel van Mander Prize 2013 for his dissertation, Bosch en Bruegel als Bosch, (2009, cum laude). This prize is awarded annually to an exceptional art historical publication of academic interest.

Every film was introduced, watched, and then discussed with the revival of learning could take such flight is still not well under- audience. stood. The aim of this project is to study the learned networks that formed the basis of the Carolingian revival of learning. Its main ‘Europe’ appears to be something that is far removed from people’s hypothesis is that these networks, rather than royal decrees, shaped own lives, with decisions made in Brussels. Who really feels Euro- and directed the revival of scholarship at the local level. pean? Isn’t a sense of togetherness essential for the success of the unification of Europe? However, it seems difficult to feel solidarity In the context of the NWO’s Free Competition in the Humanities with people who do not share the same basic values. Does a Euro- Dr Angélique Janssens received a grant for a research programme pean identity exist and if so, what does it look like? Or, if it doesn’t entitled ‘Genes, Germs and Resources. The role of the family and exist, how can we create it? What elements should it contain? And disease environment in mortality and longevity in the Netherlands, does it actually make sense to try and formulate such an identity? 1812-2015’. This programme will focus on the phenomenon of familial influences on early death and exceptional survival in the Future research Netherlands between 1812 and 2015, adopting an innovative frame- Prof. Eric Moormann obtained a PhD position for Marenne work which takes into account the simultaneous effects of resources, Zandstra within the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific germs and genetic influences. The influence of these factors will be Research (NWO)’s ‘PhDs in the Humanities’ programme. In the studied through a multi-generational approach in which families first century AD, the Roman army brought new objects and ideas will be followed over a time span of 200 years. The goal is to reveal to the Rhineland, facilitating a major transformation of culture. the role of familial influences on survival and the changing inter- This army had two distinctive but largely ignored features: not only actions between social-structural and biological-genetic factors was it very mobile, but the soldiers also had very diverse backgrounds. in mortality and longevity within changing disease environments Taking the Lower Rhineland as a case study, the project maps out from the nineteenth century until today. The programme is being the markers of this cultural diversity in order to get a better under- carried out in collaboration with the Department of Medical standing of the composition of the Roman army in the Lower Statistics and Bioinformatics, Section of Molecular Epidemiology Rhineland in the first century AD and therefore of the effects that of Leiden University Medical Centre. its mobility had on the cultural transformation of this border region. A new field in the creative industry involves integrating fashion Dr Sven Meeder received an NWO Veni award for his project and technology, for example by embedding electronics, micro­ ‘Spreading knowledge and reforms: Scholarly networks in the processors, solar panels, LEDs, or interactive interfaces into fabrics, Carolingian era’. The ninth-century revival of learning known as textiles or clothing. However, while a promising future for fashion- the ‘Carolingian Renaissance’ derived from Charlemagne’s deep able technology, or ‘wearables’, has been announced many times, concern for the correct cult of God within his empire, but it quickly not much has been achieved in practice. Wearables rarely leave the resulted in diverse creative outbursts of textual culture that were lab or catwalk. The interdisciplinary research project ‘Crafting independent of royal aims. It was in this creative process that the Wearables’, which is led by Prof. Anneke Smelik, aims at designing biblical, Christian and antique traditions were appropriated to wearables that are robust, fashionable as well as commercially viable. form the melting pot of post-Roman European culture. How this In order to achieve this aim, the team and a range of partners bring

2013 research report 29 Institute for Historical, Literary and Cultural Studies

Key publications

Aerts, R.A.M. (2013). Civil society in the Netherlands around 1900. Meyboom, P.G.P. & Moormann, E.M. (2013). Le decorazioni A historical analysis. In Annette Zimmer (Ed.), Civil Societies dipinte e marmoree della Domus Aurea di Nerone a Roma Compared: Germany and the Netherlands (European Civil Society, 13) (Vol. I: Testo; Vol. II: Illustrazioni) (BABESCH Supplements, 20). (pp. 69-80). Baden-Baden: Nomos. Leuven/Paris/Walpole: Peeters.

Baalen, C.C. van & Merriënboer, J.C.F.J. van (Eds.). (2013). Polarisatie Montoya, A.C. (2013). Medievalist enlightenment. From Charles en hoogconjunctuur. Het kabinet-De Jong 1967-1971 (Parlementaire Perrault to Jean-Jacques Rousseau (Medievalism, 2). Cambridge: geschiedenis van Nederland na 1945, 9). Amsterdam: Boom. D.S. Brewer.

Burgersdijk, D.W.P. (2013). Pliny’s Panegyricus and the Historia Plate, L. & Smelik, A.M. (Eds.). (2013). Performing Memory in Art Augusta. Arethusa, 46(2), 289-312. and Popular Culture (Routledge research in cultural and media studies). New York/London: Routledge. Decock, P.R.M (2012). Los polos intercambiables en Ema, la cautiva (1981) de César Aira. In Nadia Lie, Silvana Mandolessi & Dagmar Roest, B. (2013). Order and Disorder. The Poor Clares between Vandebosch (Eds.), El juego con los estereotipos. La redefinición Foundation and Reform (The medieval Franciscans, 8). Leiden/ de la identidad hispánica en la literatura y el cine postnacionales Boston: Brill. (pp. 183-195). Brussel: Peter Lang. Sintobin, T.M.J. (2013). Raconter en bafouillant, bafouiller Dekkers, O. (2013). Dickens’s Reception in the Netherlands. en racontant. Traumatisme et narrativité chez Hugo Claus. In Michael Hollington (Ed.), The Reception of Charles Dickens in Études germaniques, 68(1), 71-92. Europe (The Reception of British and Irish Authors in Europe) (pp. 283-294). London: Bloomsbury. Dissertations: 5 Dera, J.J.M. (2013). Stichtelijke steekspelen. Literaire programma’s Scientific publications: 201 op de vooroorlogse NCRV-radio (1925-1940). Nederlandse Professional publications: 265 Letterkunde, 18(2), 101-121.

Jensen, L.E. & Geerdink, N. (Eds.). (2013). Oorlogsliteratuur in de vroegmoderne tijd. Vorm, identiteit en herinnering. Hilversum: Verloren.

Kleijn-Eijkelestam, G. de (2013). C. Licinius Mucianus, Vespasian’s Co-ruler in Rome. Mnemosyne. A Journal of Classical Studies, 66(3), 433-459.

Kok, J. & Wouters, P. (2013). Virtual knowledge in family history: visionary technologies, research dreams, and research agendas. In Paul Wouters, Anne Beaulieu, Andrea Scharnhorst & Sally Wyatt (Eds.), Virtual Knowledge. Experimenting in the Humanities and Social Sciences (pp. 219-250). Cambridge Mass/London: MIT Press.

Meurs, W.P. van (2013). Demokratie oder Sozialismus? Bauern­ parteien in Südosteuropa um die Jahrhundertwende als Träger der Demokratisierung. Eine Skizze. Archiv für Sozialgeschichte, 53, 93-112.

30 radboud university nijmegen Director: Prof. André Lardinois Institute for Historical, Literary and Cultural Studies André Lardinois has been a Professor of Greek Language and Culture at Radboud University Postal address Nijmegen since 2001. He received his PhD from PO Box 9103 Princeton University in 1995 with a dissertation 6500 HD Nijmegen on proverbial expressions in archaic Greek poetry, The Netherlands after which he taught for six years at the University of Minnesota. His main interests are Greek lyric Visiting address poetry and Greek drama. He is a founding member Erasmusplein 1 of the European Network for the History of Ancient Nijmegen Greece, and founder and co-chair of the Network for the Study of Archaic and Classical Greek Song. T: +31 (0)24 361 23 36 He is also the academic director of the National F: +31 (0)24 361 54 81 Research School in Classical Studies (OIKOS) and E: [email protected] chair of the Dutch Council of National Research I: www.ru.nl/hlcs Schools in the Humanities (LOGOS).

together the fields of fashion, technology, industry, and academic scholarship. As a result, the project will not only craft wearables but also analyse how fashionable technology relates to identity, comprehend its social impact, bring technology closer to fashion design and make it a competitive branch of the creative industry in the Netherlands. The consortium partners are: ArtEZ Hogeschool in Arnhem, Audax, Freedom of Creation, INNTEX, MODINT, Philips, Radboud University Nijmegen, Solar Fiber, the Tilburg Textile Museum, Eindhoven University of Technology and XSENS.

2013 research report 31

Research Centres of the Faculty of Law

Judges being trained in specific aspects of European Law, for example Competition Law.

Internationalisation Publications – mainly papers in professional journal and case The faculty’s policy is to continue exploring options for notes – are written with legal practice in mind. The Centre for international cooperation and the institutionalization of contacts. Post-academic Legal Education (Centrum for Postacademisch Juridisch Incorporating international and European law in legal research Onderwijs, CPO) provides post-academic education for lawyers and is essential in a world of interwoven legal systems. The faculty judges. Academic publications also provide a solid foundation for board intends to form – or join – European consortiums key areas, legal practice. One aspect of the centre’s mission is to make academic including Insolvency Law, Financial Law, European Private Law, research more practice-oriented, for example by preparing best Migration Law, Fundamental Rights and Security-related issues. practices, legislative proposals and European Union directives.

Societal relevance Legal research almost always relates to legal practice and is there­- The Business & Law Research Centre fore by its nature of societal relevance. The faculty co-operates (Prof. Corjo Jansen) closely with – and also advises – external partners such as civil-law notary offices and law firms, financial organisations, international The Business & Law Research Centre – Onderzoekcentrum businesses, courts, government bodies, ministries, NGOs and Onderneming & Recht (OO&R) – involves cooperation between European organisations. the Law Faculty and fifteen prominent, mostly international, law

32 radboud university nijmegen firms and Dutch multinationals. The Centre conducts fundamental Staff research in ‘Business and Law’. It also offers a comprehensive educational programme for gifted young scholars and is actively Prof. S.E. Bartels (o) Prof. R.J.B. Schutgens (o) involved in a wide variety of postgraduate educational and Prof. J. Bast (o) Prof. V.P.G. de Serière (o) professional training programmes. Prof. F.E.J. Beekhoven van den Prof. C.H. Sieburgh (o) Boezem (o) Prof. J.A.M.A. Sluysmans (e) The academic mission of the Centre is: Prof. P.P.T. Bovend’Eert (o) Prof. G. van Solinge (o) 1. to conduct high-quality (domestic and international) academic Prof. C.D.J. Bulten (o) Prof. J.B. Spath (o) research in Business and Law Prof. D. Busch (o) Prof. J.H.V. Stuyck (o) 2. to enhance the understanding of theories which apply to Prof. D.R. Doorenbos (o) Prof. A.B. Terlouw (o) Business and Law in the light of social, economic, political and Prof. J.C.J. Dute (e) Prof. J.B. Terpstra (p) financial developments Prof. N.E.D. Faber (o) Prof. N. van Tiggele - van der 3. to encourage a practical approach in academic research without Prof. R. Fernhout (p) Velde (o) compromising academic quality, particularly by analyzing the Prof. P.M. Frielink (o) Prof. J.D.A. den Tonkelaar (e) fundamental principles and foundations of (business-oriented) Prof. J.H. Gerards (o) Prof. P.M. Veder (p) private law Prof. J.W. van de Gronden (o) Prof. P.C. Vegter (e) 4. to explore and initiate applications of academic research, for Prof. L.E. de Groot - van Leeuwen (p) Prof. L.G. Verburg (o) example in national and international rules and regulations Prof. C.M. Grundmann - van de Prof. H.L.E. Verhagen (o) 5. to educate and supervise Master’s students and young researchers. Krol (o) Prof. B.P. Vermeulen (p) Prof. E. Guild (o) Prof. H.C.F.J.A. de Waele (o) The four key research programmes of the Centre are: Prof. A. Hammerstein (o) 1. Company Law Prof. M. Heemskerk (e) 2. Finance, Security Rights and Insolvency Law Prof. J.J. van Hees (o) Tenured 3. Business and Patrimonial Law Prof. C.M. Hilverda (o) Full Professors 14.4 FTE 4. Financial Law Prof. C.J.H. Jansen (o) Associate Professors 5.8 FTE Prof. P.H.P.H.M.C. van Kempen (o) Assistant Professors 3.6 FTE A major theme of the research in all programmes relates to European Prof. J.J. Kilborn (o) Researchers 2.5 FTE private law, comparative law and private international law. Prof. E.J.J.M. Kimman (o) Lecturers 0.8 FTE Prof. C.J.M. Klaassen (o) The Centre, which was established in 1991, is recognized as a research Prof. A.M. Korebrits (e) Non-tenured school by the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW). In 2009, Prof. P.H.L.M. Kuypers (e) Researchers 6.7 FTE accreditation was renewed and it will be valid until 2015. The Centre’s Prof. R.H. Maatman (o) Lecturers 11.4 FTE educational programme for gifted young scholars is certified by the Prof. L.J. Macgregor (e) Doctoral candidates 27.1 FTE Accreditation Organization NVAO. Prof. A.J. Machielse (o) Prof. T.J.M. Mertens (o) Research funding Research facilities Prof. G.T.K. Meussen (o) The Centre houses the Information and Documentation Centre Prof. R.E.C.M. Niessen (p) for Business and Law (CIDOR), which has a collection of books, Prof. M.P. Nieuwe Weme (o) journals and electronic publications on international and domestic Prof. A.G.A. Nijmeijer (p) Business Law that is unique in the Netherlands. Prof. A.J.M. Nuytinck (o) Prof. M. van Olffen (o) Collaboration Prof. A.A. Quaedvlieg (o) The Centre combines academic excellence with the expertise and Prof. B.P.M. van Ravels (o) Core Grants Contracts practical experience of its partners. This unique collaboration has Prof. T. Richter (o) led to cross-fertilization between legal practice and academia. Prof. J.S.L.A.W.B. Roes (p) The Centre has regulations, which dictate that all parties involved Prof. H.J.B. Sackers (p) guarantee academic independence. The following partners currently Prof. R.J.N. Schlössels (o) participate: AEGON N.V., AkzoNobel, Allen & Overy, APG Asset Prof. B.M.E.M. Schols (o) Management, De Brauw Blackstone Westbroek, Clifford Chance, Prof. F.W.J.M. Schols (o) Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer, Houthoff Buruma, ING Bank, Prof. H. Schulte - Nölke (e) Loyens & Loeff, NautaDutilh, Pels Rijcken & Droogleever Fortuijn, Rabobank Netherlands, Stibbe, Stichting Eumedion.

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The Centre, which has excellent international connections, Awards and acknowledgements encourages international cooperation in all of its research • Prof. Arthur Hartkamp has been appointed as a member programmes. There is close collaboration with the following chairs of Academia Europaea. and research institutes: the Chair in Corporate Finance (Nijmegen • Prof. Corjo Jansen was knighted, in part for his contribution School of Management), the Max Planck Institute for Comparative to legal historical research (notably on administration of and International Private Law (Hamburg, Germany), and the justice during the Second World War). Network for Studies on Pensions, Aging and Retirement (Netspar, • Dr Bas de Jong was awarded a grant by the Niels Stensen Tilburg, the Netherlands). Foundation to conduct research as a visiting scholar at Cambridge University. Within the framework of International Working Groups estab- • Charlotte Spierings was awarded the Frye Stipend for lished by the Centre, there is structural collaboration with leading promising young female researchers. academics and practitioners from universities and institutions • Prof. Mark Heemskerk was awarded a grant by the Instituut around the globe. The Centre also plays an active role in various Gak for his research project ‘The Role of Pension Funds in international GO/NGOs (for example, the IMF and INSOL Europe). Active Ageing and Solidarity between Generations’.

Research results Societal impact In 2013 the book Corporate Boards in Law and Practice was The Centre has influenced public debate on a wide variety of published by Oxford University Press. The authors analyse the topics which are of direct relevance to financial and commercial corporate boards, their regulation in law and codes as well as the legal practice. Research projects relating to corporate governance, way they actually operate in ten European countries. Corporate insolvency fraud and regulation of financial institutions are boards play a central role in corporate governance and are thus important examples. regulated in the corporate law and corporate governance codes of all industrialized countries. Yet, while there is a common core The Centre plays an active role in various consultations launched of rules on the boards, there are still considerable differences. by the Dutch and European legislators, for example a response to These differences depend partly on shareholder structure, partly the EU Consultation on a possible Recovery and Resolution Frame- on historical, political and social developments and especially on work for Financial Institutions other than Banks. Research was also employee representation on the board. More recently, in particular commissioned by the Dutch Ministry of Security and Justice on with the rise of the international corporate governance code ways of improving bankruptcy law. Based on a comparative study movement, there has been a clear tendency towards convergence, conducted by the Centre, a report provides recommendations on at least in terms of the formal provisions of the codes. This project improving, for example, a pre-insolvency plan, the insolvency was carried out by an International Working Group jointly composition scheme and silent administration. The report serves established by the Centre and the Max Planck Institute. as preparation for an insolvency bill, which is scheduled to be finalized in 2014. The Centre’s societal impact was enhanced by The Centre has invested substantially in international research in the participation of Prof. Michael Veder and Prof. Tomáš Richter in Insolvency Law. A milestone was the launch of the International the Advisory Commission of the European Commission on cross- and Comparative Insolvency Law (ICIL) Series, published by border insolvency law and the membership of Prof. Carla Klaassen Oxford University Press. Within the framework of this series, the in the State Advisory Commission on Private Procedural Law. discrepancies and common features of domestic insolvency laws in twenty countries across the world are inventoried and critically Future research analysed. The project’s ambition is to present the material within A major international research theme in 2014 relates to Financial a structure and with a level of detail that is on par with the leading law. International Working Groups are currently working on national legal literature of participating countries. In 2013 the research projects dealing with new EU legislation, including the Centre published the second volume of the series on Treatment of highly controversial European Directive on Alternative Investment Contracts in Insolvency. This topic is of particular importance to Fund Managers, which was adopted after much debate in October the international insolvency community, as virtually any insolvency 2010 (AIFMD). The AIFMD, which is a direct regulatory response needs to deal with the matter of contractual obligations (ranging to the financial crisis, has a significant impact on the manner in from insolvent multinationals to the SME sector). It is essential which investment managers may operate and offer non-retail funds for commercial lawyers to consider the implications of insolvency (including hedge, private equity, real estate and infrastructure), (whether of their client or of the counter-party) on any contract which are currently largely unregulated. The results will be published that is under discussion, particularly where international aspects by Oxford University Press in the first half of 2014. Another major are involved. project will critically assess various aspects of the European

34 radboud university nijmegen Prof. Henri de Waele (Professor of International and European Law) received funding from the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Competition for a project set up to train judges in European Competition Law.

Banking Union from a legal and an economic perspective. Main 1. Centre for Migration Law (CMR) topics include general aspects of the European Banking Union, 2. Administration of Justice the Single Rulebook & CRD IV, the Single Supervisory Mechanism 3. Principles of Public Law. and the Single Resolution Mechanism. The CMR brings together researchers from various disciplines to Research for the third volume on ‘Ranking and Categories of provide a stimulating context for fundamental and applied research Claims’ of the ICIL Series has officially commenced. The Centre on international and national migration law and the protection is also working on a second edition of a book on the influence of minorities. It is unique in Europe, thanks to its interdisciplinary of European law on national private law. Another international approach and its international staff, who include lawyers, sociolo- project deals with ‘Transnational Securities Law’. A team of globally gists, anthropologists and political scientists. renowned academics and expert practitioners in the field has been brought together to present the first comprehensive analysis of the Researchers working on the theme ‘Administration of Justice’ focus Geneva and Hague Securities Conventions and related initiatives on law in action – the workings of courts, public prosecutors and (including those of UNCITRAL and regulatory authorities). It the legal profession. New developments in procedural law are explores the international harmonization of the law relating to monitored closely against the background of the principles of securities, and identifies issues that have not yet been harmonized. effective legal protection. Methods used to understand the impact The project intends to explain the current international law on of civil, criminal and administrative law (including tax law) at intermediated and non-intermediated securities and suggests various court levels are also an important research topic. solutions to problems where there are gaps in the legislation or where the current framework could be improved. Researchers working on the theme ‘Principles of Public Law’ focus on the main principles of public law from the national, European and international perspective. They analyse the relationship between Research Centre for State and Law key constitutional principles (the rule of law, democracy, human (Prof. Thomas Mertens) rights, transparency, participation and accountability) and national and international political, social and legal developments. Due to The Centre for State and Law – Onderzoekcentrum voor Staat en the Europeanization and internationalization of law, these concepts Recht (SteR) – focuses on key issues and basic principles of public are continuously evolving. Research therefore extends to exploring law. Its researchers critically analyze national, European and inter- European and international developments, as well as their impact national developments in constitutional law, administrative law on the fundamental concepts of national law. The programme brings and criminal law. The Centre provides a stimulating environment together the expertise and know-how of scholars of constitutional, in which high-quality, national and international multidisciplinary criminal, administrative, and European law, as well as jurisprudence, and comparative research can flourish. SteR includes three research in order to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the programmes: principles of public law.

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Research Centres of the Faculty of Law

Key publications

Business and Law Research Centre Research Centre for State and Law

Busch, D., Klaassen, C.J.M. & Arons, T.M.C. (2013). Aansprakelijkheid Baldinger, H.J.M. (2013). Rigorous scrutiny versus Marginal review. in de financiële sector (Serie onderneming en recht, 78). Deventer: Standards on judicial scrutiny and evidence in international and Kluwer. (XLI, 1179 p.) European asylum law. Radboud University Nijmegen (XX, 485 pag.) (Oisterwijk: Wolf Legal Publishers). Prom./coprom.: Profs. E. Guild Davies, P., Hopt, K., Nowak, R.G.J. & Solinge, G. van (2013). and C.A. Groenendijk. Corporate Boards in Law and Practice. A comparative analysis in Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (XLVII, 818 p.) Böcker, A.G.M. & Terlouw, A.B. (2013). De gelaagdheid van de vreemdelingenregelgeving in historisch en vergelijkend perspectief Doorenbos, D.R. & Somsen, M.J.C. (2013). Onderneming en (Serie Staat en Recht, 15). Deventer: Kluwer. (XII, 227 p.) sanctierecht. Handhaving van financieel toezichtrecht, in het bijzonder onder de Wft en Pw (Serie Onderneming en recht, 76). Bovend’Eert, P.P.T. & Kortmann, C.A.J.M. (Eds.). (2013). Rechterlijke Deventer: Kluwer. (XXVI, 549 p.) organisatie, rechters en rechtspraak. Deventer: Kluwer. (XVII, 390 p.).

Faber, N.E.D., Vermunt, N.S.G.J., Linde, K. van der & Kilborn, J. Gerards, J.H. (2013). How to Improve the Necessity Test of the (2013). Treatment of Contracts in Insolvency. Oxford: Oxford European Court of Human Rights? International Journal of University Press. (656 p.) Constitutional Law, 2013(2), 466-490.

Gerards, J.H. & Sieburgh, C.H. (2013). De invloed van fundamentele Gronden, J.W. van de (2013). Financing services of general economic rechten op het materiële recht. Deventer: Kluwer. (VII, 549 p.) interest. Reform and modernization. Den Haag: TMC Asser Press. (XVII, 295 p.) Jong, B.J. de (2013). Shareholders’ Claims for Reflective Loss. A Comparative Legal Analysis. European Business Organization Kempen, P.H.P.H.M.C. van (2013). Four Concepts of Security. Law Review, 12(1), 97-118. A Human Rights Perspective. Human Rights Law Review, 13(1), 1-23.

Laagland, F.G. (2013). De rol van Nederlandse werknemers Kulk, F. (2013). Laverend langs grenzen. Transnationale gezinnen en (-vertegenwoordigers) bij een grensoverschrijdende juridische fusie. Nederlands en islamitisch familie-en nationaliteitsrecht. Radboud Een onderzoek naar de vennootschappelijke en ondernemings- Universiteit Nijmegen (XVI, 322 pag.) (Nijmegen: Wolf Legal rechtelijke medezeggenschapsrechten van de Nederlandse werknemer. Publishers). Prom./coprom.: Prof. A.B. Terlouw, Dr L.P.H.M. Buskens Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen (XIV, 479 pag.) (Deventer: Kluwer). and B. de Hart LL.M. Prom./coprom.: Prof. L.G. Verburg. Oers, R. van (2013). Deserving Citizenship. Citizenship tests in Wolters, P.T.J. (2013). Alle omstandigheden van het geval. Een onder- Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Radboud zoek naar de omstandigheden die de werking van de redelijkheid en Universiteit Nijmegen (XII, 300 pag.) (The Hague: Brill). billijkheid beïnvloeden. Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen (428 pag.) Prom./coprom.: profs. C.A. Groenendijk and B. de Hart LL.M. (Deventer: Kluwer). Prom./coprom.: Profs. C.J.H. Jansen and A.S. Hartkamp. Waele, H.C.F.J.A. de & Kuipers, J.J. (2013). The European Union’s Emerging International Identity. Views from the global arena Zwalve, W.J. & Jansen, C.J.H. (2013). Publiciteit van Jurisprudentie. (Studies in EU external relations, 6). Leiden: Brill. (XVII, 260 p.) Deventer: Kluwer. (XX, 495 p., [16] p.)

36 radboud university nijmegen Collaboration The SteR participates in numerous international projects and networks, the Odysseus Network of Experts in European Migration Centre for Notarial Law and Asylum Law, which is coordinated by the Université Libre de Bruxelles (Belgium), the academic Netzwerk Migrationsrecht Hoens, Frank (2013). Postrelationele pensioensolidariteit. (Germany) and the International Penal and Penitentiary Foundation Wat een pech, pensioenpot weg (I). Weekblad voor Privaatrecht, (IPPF), of which Prof. van Kempen is Secretary General. It also has Notariaat en Registratie, 144(6960), 61-69. ties with the Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Criminal Law (Freiburg, Germany), the University of Bergen Hoens, Frank (2013). Postrelationele pensioensolidariteit. (Norway), National Taiwan University, and several universities Wat een pech, pensioenpot weg (II). Weekblad voor Privaatrecht, participating in the International Research Universities Network Notariaat en Registratie, 144(6961), 81-88. (in particular with the University of Glasgow, the University of Münster and the University of Poitiers). Vonken, A.P.M.J., Verhagen, H.L.E., Kramer, X.E. & Dongen, S. van (2013). Asser’s Handleiding tot de beoefening van het Nederlands CMR is responsible for coordinating the European Network on burgerlijk recht. Internationaal privaatrecht. Algemeen deel IPR Free Movement of Workers, which is funded by the European (Mr. C. Assers handleiding tot de beoefening van het Nederlands Commission. Dr Karin Zwaan participates in the Glasgow Refugee, Burgerlijk Recht = Asser-serie, 10-I). Deventer: Kluwer. (LXVII, Asylum and Migration Network (GRAMNet) in a project entitled 478 p.) ‘Researching Multilingually: at the Borders of Law, Health, Conflict and State Security’. This project was established through the UK Economic and Social Research Council. Dissertations: 9 Scientific publications: 236 Within the Netherlands, SteR collaborates with the Council for Professional publications: 236 the Judiciary, the Ministry of Security and Justice, as well as several Annotations: 212 courts, municipalities and lawyers.

Research results CMR researchers have participated in – and written the synthesis report for – comparative research on family reunification legislation in six Member States coordinated by the Irish Immigration Council and funded by the European Commission. They presented their results at an international conference in Dublin and at the EU Institutions. Other CMR researchers have been involved with the University of Madrid Comillas on ‘Best Practice of Integration measures of the Highly Skilled’. For the UNHCR research is conducted on the position of Roma and asylum and on the implementation of the Aznar Protocol. For the Research and Documentation Centre (WODC) of the Dutch Ministry of Security and Justice CMR com- pleted a research project about the multilayered-structure of migra- tion law. A seminar on Judicial Scrutiny and Credibility Assessment in Asylum Procedures was organized together with the International Association of Refugee Law (IARL)

Within the programme ‘Principles of Public Law’, Prof. Janneke Gerards and Dr Joseph Fleuren presented the results of an extensive comparative legal project, financed by the WODC, on the implemen- tation of the European Convention on Human Rights and the case- law of the European Court of Human Rights in national case-law. Based on a comparison of six different legal systems, they investigated whether there is a clear correlation between the constitutional sys- tem for implementing international treaties and the impact of the European Convention on Human Rights on national law. Contrary

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to expectations, they found no such correlation. Instead, they have Future research shown that the influence of the European Convention on national Several SteR researchers collaborate in the interdisciplinary net- law is explained by other factors. Their findings are of great import­ work ‘EUROPAL’, focusing on the Europeanization of Policy and ance to the current Dutch debate about the impact of European Law, together with colleagues from the Institute for Management law and the need for constitutional change. Research at the University. Special attention will be paid to the practical consequences of migration law and policies and to Prof. R.J.B. Schutgens was appointed preliminary reporter on access to justice in asylum and equal treatment cases. Parliamentary immunity for the 2013 assembly of the prestigious Nederlandse Juristen-Vereniging (the Netherlands’ Jurists Associa- The CMR will concentrate its research on the Europeanization tion). As co-organizer Prof. Piet Hein van Kempen was responsible of migration law. for the scientific part of the programme of an international four-day conference on ‘Management of high-risk offenders’ in Wellington, Within the programme ‘Principles of Public Law’ the results of a New Zealand. comparative study on 28 constitutions and constitutional systems of the current 28 EU Member States will be presented. Taking a fairly Awards and acknowledgements straightforward functional approach to constitutional law, a uniform • Prof. Henri de Waele’s project on training judges in European format has been chosen, addressing the most important topics competition law was funded by the European Commission’s expressed in the constitutions of the EU Member States: sources of Directorate-General for Competition. constitutional law, form of state, form of government and political • Ainul Fajri from Indonesia has received a scholarship from system, government powers and their limits, vertical division of the Indonesian Government to conduct her PhD research on powers, the judiciary and fundamental rights. Rohingya Muslims at the SteR. • Elisa Fornale (Switzerland) has been awarded a Marie Curie Within the programme ‘Administration of Justice’, research on grant (FP7) for a two- year position at the SteR. judicial decision-making and lawyers’ ethics as well as on the • The Ministry of Security and Justice awarded a grant for Prof. jurisdiction of the European Court of Justice will continue. Piet Hein van Kempen’s and Dr Masha Fedorova’s research project ‘The international legal space for (experiments on) regulating or legalizing the cultivation of cannabis plants’. The Centre for Notarial Law • The Council for the Judiciary awarded a grant for Prof. Piet Hein (Prof. Freek Schols) van Kempen’s and Prof. Leny de Groot-van Leeuwen’s research project on ‘Effects on society of better reasoned judgments in The Centre for Notarial Law – Centrum voor Notarieel Recht criminal cases’. (CNR) – was established in 2008. Its research focuses on notarial The Netherlands’ Council of State awarded a grant in order to law, in particular family property law (personal and family law and develop a Case Law Model. Prof. Tonny Nijmeijer is one of the the relationship between property law, inheritance law and estate research leaders of this project. planning). The strength of the CNR’s research lies in combining tax and civil law and cross-fertilization between legal practice and Societal impact academia. Particular attention is paid to the impact of these fields SteR researchers are often asked for advice by both national and on general property law and to the combination of legal fields, for international public bodies. Research results are made accessible example, marital property law, real-estate law and company law. for judges, lawyers, politicians, students and the general public. CNR researchers seek to provide a firm foundation for notarial Several CMR publications led to parliamentary questions this year. practice. The Ministry of Justice has chosen the CMR to evaluate the new asylum procedure. Collaboration Nationally, the CNR cooperates with ABN Amro Bank NV on In October 2013 the Dutch Parliament assigned Prof. Paul estate planning and monitors the academic level of the consultancy Bovend’Eert to evaluate the 2012 Cabinet Formation Process in the services provided by the bank. The CNR also cooperates with notarial Netherlands. The research group also consists of Prof. Carla van organizations such as Netwerk Notarissen. Baalen and Dr Alexander van Kessel of the Centre for Parliamentary History. The group is asked to make recommendations on new Research results parliamentary procedures relating to Cabinet Formation (Art. 139a Staff members at the CNR regularly write articles for authoritative Standing Orders Second Chamber). national and/or international academic journals and professional

38 radboud university nijmegen Director: Prof. Leonard Verburg Research Centres of the Faculty of Law Leonard Verburg is Professor of Employment Law at Radboud University Nijmegen and, since 1 March Postal address 2013, he has been Vice Dean for Research at the PO Box 9049 Faculty of Law. He is a member of the Advisory Board 6500 KK Nijmegen of the Business and Law Research Centre (OO&R). The Netherlands He is also a member of the board of the foundation which supervises the education programmes of the Visiting address Dutch Bar Association. Prof. Verburg is editor-in-chief Thomas van Aquinostraat 4-8 of the journal Arbeidsovereenkomst­ , a member of the Nijmegen editorial board of the journal Arbeidsrechtelijke Annotaties and a member of the advisory board of T: +31 (0)24 361 30 92 Post­academische Leergang Arbeidsrecht, one of F: +31 (0)24 361 56 62 the oldest postgraduate programmes in the field E: [email protected] of employment law. He is founder member of the I: www.ru.nl/law curatorium of the annual Nationaal Arbeidsrecht Congres. In 2010, Prof. Verburg was appointed as a substitute judge in the Court of Appeal in the Hague.

journals. Important research is carried out in cooperation with Future research – and in some cases is supervised by – external researchers in order Continuing projects include the historical development and the to ensure academic integrity. Research on marriage contracts is one current legal position of the surviving spouse in Dutch civil law, example. In the current reporting period the focus was on inter­ the legal exegesis of the provisions of last wills, delegation of last national family property law and this will remain an important wills to third parties, wills for persons lacking will-making capacity, area of expertise in future. the new inheritance tax law, international aspects of estate planning and developments in the legislation on marital property. ‘Inheritance The CNR publishes a series called ‘Publicaties vanwege het law and the de facto spouse’ and ‘The development of the notarial Centrum voor Notarieel Recht’. profession 1850-1950’ are new projects.

Societal impact The Centre has influenced public debate on a wide variety of topics. There are strong links between the CNR and legal practice. Moreover, the Centre participates in shaping legislative proposals.

The CNR’s research creates an important academic basis for notarial practice relating to family property law in the Netherlands. Researchers advise the Dutch government and members of to the Dutch House of Representatives on several private law issues and lecturers work, for example, for the SBN (professional education for notaries), the Orde van Advocaten (professional education for barristers), the KNB (Royal Notarial Association), the estate planners of EPN (Association of Estate Planners in Notarial Practice) and Novex (the Dutch Association for Executors).

2013 research report 39 Institute for Management Research

IMR researchers focus on multidisciplinary analysis of complex societal issues in order to ‘co-create’ solutions and design interventions.

The Institute for Management Research (IMR), IMR Academy the research institute of the Nijmegen School of A multidisciplinary approach is encouraged through the IMR Academy, which organizes academic workshops, lectures and con- Management (NSM), brings together researchers ferences. The Academy is a powerful platform where science meets from a variety of disciplines: business administration, society, building a climate of dialogue, debate and exchange for economics, political science, public administration, researchers from various disciplines and backgrounds. Important human geography and environment studies. They themes such as sustainability, accountability, conflicts, governance and borders inspire the Academy. combine their expertise to create knowledge in the service of society by conducting research on the Research ‘hotspots’ design, development and performance of public The IMR has identified a limited set of ‘hotspots of research’. and private structures that regulate, govern and In these multidisciplinary collaborative efforts academic expertise is bundled that is most relevant when addressing specific societal manage human interactions. problems. The two following hotspots have a formal status, while various other hotspots are under construction. These will be The IMR’s unique multidisciplinary composition makes it possible formalized in 2014. to investigate complex problems from various theoretical perspec- tives and on different levels of analysis. The Institute’s three major Hotspot: Gender and Power in Politics and Management contributions are: 1) providing a better understanding of complex The aim here is to better understand the dynamics and interactions international, societal and organizational challenges; 2) developing between power, gender and other forms of diversity in order to help adequate solutions to these challenges; and 3) developing and reduce gender inequalities in society. These researchers participate evaluating intervention strategies to implement these solutions. actively in societal debates, develop strategies and measures for

40 radboud university nijmegen changing societal systems and have a long history of productively Staff comparing and combining disciplinary paradigms and methods. Coordinators: Profs. Benschop and Verloo. Prof. P.M. Ache (o) Prof. J.A.M. Vennix (o) Prof. Y.W.M. Benschop (o) Prof. J.A. Verbeek (o) Hotspot: Europeanization of Policy and Law (EUROPAL) Prof. J.M.M. Bloemer (o) Prof. M.M.T. Verloo (p) This research cluster revolves around the adaptation of national Prof. F.W.M. Boekema (o) Prof. P.A.M. Vermeulen (o) policies by member states under pressure from the EU, and vice Prof. R. ten Bos (o) Prof. D.E.M. Verweij (e) versa. It involves investigating the impact of EU laws and policies Prof. T. Brandsen (p) Prof. E.G.J. Vosselman (o) on national laws, policies, and policy making (‘downloading’), Prof. B. Dankbaar (o) Prof. M.S. de Vries (o) as well as how member states seek to influence laws and policies Prof. A.M.A. van Deemen (p) Prof. G.U. Weitzel (o) at the EU level (‘uploading’). Coordinator: Dr Mastenbroek. Prof. J.A.C.M. Doorewaard (o) Prof. M.L.J. Wissenburg (o) Prof. S. Dühr (p) Other contributions to international Prof. H. Ernste (o) academic debates Prof. B.I.J.M. van der Heijden (o) Tenured Entrepreneurial principal investigators and researchers from Prof. R.E.C.M. van der Heijden (o) Full Professors 12.2 FTE various disciplines increasingly join forces to generate a growing Prof. I. Helsloot (e) Associate Professors 11.6 FTE number of other projects and potential hotspots, among which: Prof. P.H.J. Hendriks (p) Assistant Professors 22.9 FTE Prof. M. Herweijer (e) Researchers 0.8 FTE Innovation & Entrepreneurship in Businesses and Regions Prof. G-J. Hospers (e) Lecturers 0.3 FTE IMR researchers from a various disciplines carry out research on Prof. E. de Jong (o) sustainable innovation in businesses and regions at an internationally Prof. J. Jonker (p) Non-tenured competitive level. For example, researchers from the departments of Prof. G.R.W. de Kam (e) Researchers 8.0 Business Administration and Geography, Planning and Environment Prof. E. van der Krabben (p) FTELecturers 1.1 FTE do research on orchestrating and managing sustainable innovation Prof. H.L. van Kranenburg (o) Doctoral candidates 43.8 FTE in networks of stakeholders. The group investigates multi-stake- Prof. A. Lagendijk (o) holder interactions. Prof. K. Lauche (o) Research funding Prof. P. Leroy (o) Participatory Research Methods Prof. M.H. Leyenaar (p) IMR researchers contribute to the international academic debate Prof. R.H. Lieshout (p) on methodologies for involving multiple stakeholders in analysing Prof. J.M. Mastop (p) complex societal problems. Their expertise resulted in the launch in Prof. H.J. Meurs (e) 2010 of the Erasmus Mundus-financed two-year Masters programme Prof. W.F. de Nijs (o) in System Dynamics (in collaboration with the Universities of Bergen, Prof. A.C.R. van Riel (o) Lisbon and Palermo). Prof. E.-M. Sent (o) Core Grants Contracts Prof. S. van Thiel (o) Inequality and Development An interdisciplinary group investigates inequality and development in low-income countries, making extensive use of the Database Developing World (DDW). Issues tackled include school attendance, child labour, gender inequality in Muslim countries, (reproductive) Decision Making in Urban Development health and poverty, and water supply. In the Global Data Lab (GDL), Researchers from planning studies investigate property rights, instruments, such as indicators, specialized databases and web-based real estate markets, and local tax jurisdictions in order to under- tools are developed for measuring and analyzing societal progress. stand their effects on resource allocation. In collaboration with researchers in decision theory and behavioural economics they use International Relations and Borders Institutional Theory to study the processes of land and property This group combines the expertise of the Centre for International development and enriched it with experimental approaches to Conflict Analysis and Management (CICAM), the Nijmegen analyzing decision-making processes. Centre of Border Research (NCBR), and researchers in International Politics and Economics. Together they investigate how local dynamics Social Innovation and Health Services influence peace missions (in collaboration with the Dutch Defence This group focuses on health services. Their aim is to understand Academy). the conditions and contexts in which societal innovations likely flourish. Multidisciplinary research takes place across service

2013 research report 41 Institute for Management Research

organizations, across cities and regions, across service sectors of Vechta (Germany). Participating research institutions include and across welfare states. CzechGlobe Global Change Research (Czech Republic) and CESIS (Portugal). Research facilities The IMR has two laboratories (Visa Skills Lab and Decision Lab), Dr Martens received a European COST subsidy for his project each equipped with specialized software. These labs facilitate top- ‘Transport Equity Analysis: assessment and integration of equity level research designed to support the development and improve- criteria in transportation planning (TEA)’. Partners are: Technical ment of methods. In the Visa Skills Lab, group-based decision- University of Madrid (Spain), The French Institute of Science and making (e.g. brainstorming sessions, scenario development, Technology for Transport, Development and Networks, Oxford priority-setting, voting procedures and collective writing of docu- University (UK) and Technion (Israel). ments) is investigated. This allows researchers to involve societal stakeholders in exploring problems, developing strategies for inter- Together with the University of Vienna (Austria) and Middle East vention and investigating the effectiveness of interventions. Technical University (Turkey), Prof. Lagendijk (principal applicant), Dr Dormans, Prof. Ernste and Dr Van Melik obtained an NWO The Decision Lab supports individual and group decision-making Joint Programming Initiative Urban Europe grant for their project research, and facilitates theory testing and model building (e.g. in ‘Practices and policies for neighbourhood improvement: towards behavioural economics). The experimental setting reveals variables Gentrification 2.0’. that often remain hidden in field research. Issues such as behavioural modelling of attitudes to uncertainty, financial decision-making, Prof. Lauche and Prof. Van der Krabben received NWO funding for institution and market design processes, strategic interactions in a four-year project on innovation ecosystems in the creative sector game-theoretical settings, cooperation and negotiation in land and (FuturA), which was developed with Delft University of Technology property development, and strategies for conflict resolution are and the Royal Institute of Dutch Architects. Eight organizations addressed. from the building sector participate in the project.

The IMR hosts and participates in the construction of large data- Prof. Vermeulen and Dr Knoben were granted €4.2 million for bases such as the Global Data Lab (GDL), an open infrastructure their project ‘Coordinated Country Case Studies: Innovation and containing data on over 20 million people in 110 low and middle- Growth, Raising Productivity in Low Income Countries’ from the income countries. The GDL team compares countries and regions UK Department for International Development (DFID). The con- – especially in the Global South – in terms of health, education and sortium includes researchers from Tilburg University, the University labour. Another database focuses on industrial real estate (property, of Leiden and Technopolis. economic value, maintenance levels, etc.). The IMR also coordinates the Global eXperimental Panel (GXP), an innovative collaborative Together with The Netherlands Study Centre for Technology Trends platform for conducting online experiments in various domains (STT) – part of the Netherlands Royal Institute of Engineers (KIVI) – of decision-making. collaboration was initiated in 2013 around Foresight studies on technological development in complex societal systems. Collaboration As part of an ambition to further develop networks, several Research results institutional collaborations were initiated: Various types of output have been produced: Prof. Benschop and Dr Van den Brink participate in the European Consortium FP7 Science in Society with the project: ‘Gendering In 2013, 19 dissertations were defended, a record number. In par­ the Academy and Research: Combating Career instability and ticular, Dr Webbink’s dissertation generated considerable societal Asymmetries (GARCIA)’. Partners are: the University of Trento and media attention, and was therefore nominated for the Radboud (Italy), Université Catholique de Louvain (Belgium), the University University Media Prize for young talent. She addressed child labour of Iceland, Université de Lausanne (Switzerland), Joanneum Research in the developing world, drawing attention to the high degree of Forschungsgesellschaft MBH (Austria) and ZRC Center Slovenske involvement of children in unpaid work in and around the house Akademije Znanosti (Slovenia). in Africa and Asia. • In May 2013, Prof. Freeman (University of Virginia), a visiting Dr Bleijenbergh participates in the European Consortium FP7 professor at IMR, received an honorary doctorate from Radboud Science in Society with the project: ‘Effective Gender Equality in University Nijmegen, on behalf of the NSM, for his outstanding Research and Academia (EGERA)’. Partners are: the Autonomous contribution to the development and application worldwide of University of Barcelona (Spain), Middle East Technical University stakeholder theory. He discussed his work with PhD and Masters (Turkey), the University of Antwerp (Belgium), and the University students in various workshops.

42 radboud university nijmegen Laura Visser, MSc is a doctoral candidate at IMR. In her research project she tackles issues such as patient empowerment and improving the quality of care in care communities by combining sociological theories with insights from marketing, organization theory and human resource management.

• Scientifically interesting results were published in high-quality Dr Cavaghan commenced an Intra European (IEF) Marie Curie journals. Two examples: post-doc project, moving to Nijmegen from the University of - Dr Bohn reported in the Journal of International Money and Edinburgh. The IEF is worth €176,000 over two years. Finance that fighting corruption might have negative conse- quences (particularly in developing countries), by increasing Three PhD grants from HAN University of Applied Sciences were the central bank’s incentives for conducting inflationary used to intensify research collaboration between the IMR (Profs. policies, because short-run expansionary effects will no Van Kranenburg, B. Van der Heijden and Van Riel) and HAN. longer be consumed by government expropriation. - Dr Van der Kamp-Alons published a paper in the Journal Awards of Contemporary European Research, arguing that individual Dr Aalbers received the Richard Beckhard Memorial Prize 2013 European member states and their preferences are crucial from the MIT Sloan Management Review for his paper ‘Creating in understanding European external trade policy. Employee Networks That Deliver Open Innovation’, which was co-authored by Eoin Whelan (Kemmy Business School of the A series of academic conferences, workshops and lecture series University of Limerick, Ireland), Salvatore Parise (Babson College were partly or mainly organized by IMR researchers. For example, in Waltham, Massachusetts) and Jasper de Valk (Industry Manager, the Alexander von Humboldt lectures with the theme ‘Science in/ Google Netherlands). and/of Society’, and the conferences ‘Breaking Male Dominance’, ‘Borders and Conflicts in an Age of Globalization’ and ‘Sustainable At the Academy of Management conference, Dr Knoben received Employability, Challenges for HRM Innovation’. a best paper award for ‘Inconsistency in Performance Feedback and R&D Investment’ (together with G. Lucas, MSc and Prof M. Various grants were acquired. For example: Meeus) and Dr Henseler received the prestigious Harold E. Fearon Best Paper Award for ‘Who Owns the Customer? Disentangling The Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) Customer Loyalty in Indirect Distribution Channels’ (co-authored granted PhD funding to Profs. Verweij (CICAM/ Political Sciences) by Prof. A. Eggert and Dr S.Hollmann, University of Paderborn, and Lauche (Business Administration). NWO also granted Research Germany), which was published in the Journal of Supply Chain Talent funding for Prof. Van Thiel (Public Administration)’s project Management in 2012. ‘Contracts, deals and bargains: negotiating by public servants’, investigating whether the need for public accountability leads to Prof. Vosselman received the Emerald Outstanding Paper Award risk-averse strategies. The project makes use of IMR lab facilities, 2013 for ‘Research paradigms, theoretical pluralism and the a novelty in public administration. practical relevance of management accounting knowledge’, which was published in Qualitative Research in Accounting and Management Giedo Jansen, MSc, obtained a Veni grant for his project ‘Freelancers and co-authored by Prof. Van der Meer-Kooistra (University of on politics and polder’, used to initiate a study on patterns of political Groningen). alignments among the self-employed in the Netherlands.

2013 research report 43 Institute for Management Research

Key publications

Benschop, Y.W.M., Brink, M.C.L. van den, Doorewaard, J.A.C.M. & Rouwette, E.A.J.A. & Ghaffarzadegan, N. (2013). The system Leenders, J. (2013). Discourses of ambition, gender and part-time dynamics case repository project. System Dynamics Review, 29, 56-60. work. Human Relations, 66(5), 699-723. Samsura, D.A.A., Deemen, A.M.A. van, Krabben, E. van der & Bourblanc, M., Crabbé, A., Liefferink, J.D. & Wiering, M.A. (2013). Heijden, R.E.C.M. van der (2013). Bargaining for value capturing: a The marathon of the hare and the tortoise: implementing the EU game-theoretical analysis and experimental approach. Environment Water Framework Directive. Journal of Environmental Planning and and Planning B: Planning and Design, 40(2), 234-253. Management, 56(10), 1449-1467. Sanders, M. & Weitzel, G.U. (2013). Misallocation of Entrepreneurial Dam, K. van, Meewis, M. & Heijden, B.I.J.M. van der (2013). Securing Talent in Postconflict Environments. Journal of Conflict Resolution, intensive care: towards a better understanding of intensive care 57, 41-64. nurses’ perceived work pressure and turnover intention. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 69(1), 31-40. Smits, J.P.J.M. & Huisman, A.H.M. (2013). Determinants of educational participation and gender differences in education in six Arab countries. Desai, S., Acs, Z. & Weitzel, G.U. (2013). A Model of Destructive Acta Sociologica, 56(4), 325-346. Entrepreneurship. Insight for Conflict and Postconflict Recovery. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 57(1), 20-40. Veer, K.J.M. van der & Jong, E. de (2013). IMF-Supported Programmes: Stimulating Capital to Non-defaulting Countries. The World Economy, Driessen, P.H. & Hillebrand, B. (2013). Integrating Multiple 36(4), 375-395. Stakeholder Issues in New Product Development: An Exploration. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 30(2), 364-379. Verduyn, K. & Essers, C. (2013). Questioning dominant entrepreneur- ship assumptions: the case of female ethnic minority entrepreneurs. Grössler, A., Timenes Laugen, B., Arkader, R. & Fleury, A. (2013). Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 25(7-8), 612-630. Differences in outsourcing strategies between firms in emerging and in developed markets. International Journal of Operations & Verkoren, W.M. & Leeuwen, M. van (2013). Civil Society in Peace- Production Management, 33(3), 296-321. building: Global Discourse, Local Reality. International Peacekeeping, 20(2), 159-172. Lagendijk, A. & Boertjes, S. (2013). Light Rail: All change please! A post-structural perspective on the global mushrooming of a transport concept. Planning Theory, 12(3), 290-310. Dissertations: 19 Scientific publications: 263 Rossella, C. & Verloo, M.M.T. (2013). Parental leave regulations Professional publications: 132 and the persistence of the male breadwinner model: Using fuzzy- set ideal type analysis to assess gender equality in an enlarged Europe. Journal of European Social Policy, 22(5), 507-528.

Societal impact study focuses on the government’s changing position, the tasks Relationships between IMR researchers and societal stakeholders and roles of CVZ, and implications for its legitimacy as a quasi were further intensified and ideas were exchanged with key non-governmental organization. entities. Prof. Brandsen was appointed as the new Secretary-General of Prof. Van Thiel was appointed as a member of the Committee to the European Association for Public Administration Accreditation. Evaluate Police Law, which was established by the Ministry of The EAPAA accredits degree programmes in public administration, Safety and Justice. public management and public policy.

The Dutch Central Health Insurance Board (CVZ) commissioned Dr Essers spoke at the European Parliament on Entrepreneurial a study by Prof. Van Thiel, Dr Helderman and Dr De Kruijf. This and Professional Challenges for New European Women.

44 radboud university nijmegen Director: Prof. Allard van Riel Institute for Management Research Since 1 July 2009 Allard van Riel has been Professor of Business Studies at Radboud Postal address University Nijmegen, with a special focus on PO Box 9108 Marketing. Prof. Van Riel studied Philosophy 6500 HK Nijmegen at the University of Amsterdam and received The Netherlands his PhD in Marketing from the University of Maastricht in 2003. Before he moved to Visiting address Nijmegen he worked at the University of Thomas van Aquinostraat 5 Maastricht and as a professor at the University Nijmegen of Liege. Prof. Van Riel has published articles on marketing strategy and management, innovation T: +31 (0)24 361 59 95 in services, innovation management, project F: +31 (0)24 361 62 20 management, brand extensions and private E: [email protected] labels in the retail sector. I: www.ru.nl/imr

The Centre for International Conflict Analysis and Management management will translate these suggestions in an update of (CICAM) brought various speakers from science, policy and its research policy and implement them in 2014. practice to Nijmegen, including former Minister Jan Pronk, to lecture about recent developments in conflict and peace building. The committee advised continuing the strategy that was imple- mented since the previous assessment, in order to develop IMR as The Temporary Committee on Dutch Housing Corporations a multidisciplinary research institute. This implies, for example, consulted Prof. Brandsen, Dr Helderman and Prof De Kam during clustering research around specific fields of expertise across NSM’s preparations for the formal parliamentary investigation into Dutch disciplines. policy on these organizations. These three researchers published a recent report that was commissioned by the Dutch Scientific Another suggestion was to focus more strongly on talent spotting Council for Government Policy (WRR). and encouraging the submission of grant proposals (NWO, ERC, etc). In response, the IMR appointed a second programme develop- Prof. De Vries was appointed as a member of the Group of ment officer, who contributed to the coordinated submission of Independent Experts on the European Charter of Local Self- three Vidi proposals and the preparation of nine Veni proposals in Government of the Council of Europe. November/December 2013. Moreover, Dr Knoben, who obtained a Veni grant, was appointed to the Department of Economics in Prof. R. Van der Heijden participated in the Advisory Committee January 2013. on Logistics 2040 of the Council for the Environment and Infra- structure, which published the report ‘Dutch Logistics 2040: The successful initiative of the IMR Doctoral School will be con­ Designed to Last’ commissioned by the Ministry of Infrastructure tinued by a) increasing the capacity of PhD research by investing and Environment in October 2013. He presented the report on in new PhD positions, b) strengthening educational and coaching behalf of the committee at the Dutch Embassy in Athens to an activities within the school and c) more clearly regulating the audience of entrepreneurs engaged in logistics. position and supervision of external PhD candidates.

Future research Collaborations will be further elaborated and intensified with In October 2013, an international committee assessed the IMR. partners within and outside the University. In view of new The committee expressed its appreciation for the many positive projects, the IMR seeks new partnerships with a range of societal developments since the previous assessment in 2008. Various and academic organizations. suggestions for further development were formulated. IMR

2013 research report 45 Nijmegen Institute for Social & Cultural Research

Public opinion polls, questionnaires and surveys are important tools in sociological research.

Researchers at the Nijmegen Institute for Social & Researchers at NISCO focus on three themes: inequality, Cultural Research (Nijmeegs Instituut voor Sociaal cohesion, and modernization. To understand the dynamics of societal phenomena and processes, they examine these aspects en Cultureel Onderzoek: NISCO) use integrated from a historical perspective within a single society, in a com­ multidisciplinary and comparative approaches parative perspective across different societies and moreover, to describe and explain changes in socio-cultural from a historical perspective in different societies. The accredited participation and organization in both Western Research Masters programme in Social Cultural Science provides high-level training in theories and methods for conducting and non-Western societies. A range of theoretical comparative research on societies. NISCO – a research institute approaches, research designs, data collections of the Faculty of Social Sciences – consists of two research groups: and analyses constitute complementary aspects 1) the Research Group in Cultural Anthropology and Development of a single research framework, each contributing Studies and 2) the Research Group working on Sociology. to this common research goal. Inequality This theme centres on differences in access to and control over resources that affect peoples’ opportunities, such as educational attainment, success in the labour market and health. Research focuses on the effects of resources on socio-economic achievement

46 radboud university nijmegen and on how variation between and within countries is affected Staff by structural social features and national policies. Ways in which individual, family and group resources affect outcomes – such Prof. K. Breedveld (e) Tenured as cultural and political participation as well as intragenerational Prof. H.P.J.M. Dekkers (p) Full Professors 2.2 FTE and intergenerational mobility – are also studied. Prof. R.N. Eisinga (o) Associate Professors 2.3 FTE Prof. P.R.J. Hoebink (e) Assistant Professors 5.7 FTE Cohesion Prof. W.H.M. Jansen (o) The aim of this research theme is to describe and explain differences Prof. G.L.M. Kraaykamp (o) Non-tenured in social participation in formal organizations as well as in informal Prof. A.H.M. van Meijl (o) Researchers 7.3 FTE social networks, including families and other groups. First, develop- Prof. R. Ruben (p) Doctoral candidates 6.2 FTE ments in the relationships between individual resources and both Prof. P.L.H. Scheepers (o) pro-social attitudes and anti-social behaviour are explored, focusing Prof. T. Widlok (o) Research funding on variations among societies with different welfare-state regimes. Second, comparative examinations are made of the extent to which social groups display exclusionist attitudes and behaviour towards particular out-groups, taking differences in economic, cultural and demographic contexts into account.

Modernization Researchers at NISCO compare economic and technological develop- Core Grants Contracts ments as such and particularly those that accompany secularization in Dutch and European societies with such processes taking place in other societies. Much attention is paid to belief systems and to meaning derived from religion, to conceptions of justice and altruism and the implications for participation in society. NISCO researchers also focus on modernization processes in developing countries and their effects on inequality and poverty, as well as on social and political cohesion, while also including other aspects, such as gender differences and ethnic identities. In this context, responses of governments to different aspects of modernization processes impacting at different levels (e.g. civil society organisa- tions and individual citizens) are also investigated and assessed.

Research facilities Collaboration Researchers at NISCO specialize in collecting large-scale data for Members of NISCO have continued to cooperate with top inter­ relevant scientific communities. These include both longitudinal national institutes to join forces and share complementary scientif- collections – on individuals and their life courses and networks ic views, like: the Department of Sociology of the Catholic Univer- within specific social contexts (in the Netherlands: Family Survey sity of Leuven, Belgium; Bergen Pacific Studies Research Group, Dutch Population, Social and Cultural Developments in the University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Centre de Recherche et de Netherlands) – as well as cross-national collections that contain Documentation sur l’Océanie, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, a wide range of countries (e.g. the European Social Survey). These France; Department of Anthropology, Collaborative Research Centre data are valuable for comparative research, providing useful oppor- on Human-Environment Interaction as well as the Department of tunities for multidisciplinary cooperation. All of the data were col- Sociology at Universität Köln in Germany. Within the Netherlands, lected with additional funding from the Netherlands Organisation access to international collaborations run through the European for Scientific Research (NWO), thereafter transparently documented Research Centre on Migration and Ethnic Relations, Utrecht Univer- and deposited at Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) so sity, the Nederlands Studiecentrum Criminaliteit en Rechtshand- that they can be used by the scientific community, while maintaining having and the NWO Institute/Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam. high levels of transparency and and contributing to scientific integrity. NISCO has established international partnerships through the These data were downloaded by more than 2000 colleagues in the South Africa-Netherlands Research Programme on Alternatives in period 2007-2012. Development (SANPAD).

2013 research report 47 Nijmegen Institute for Social & Cultural Research

Members of NISCO cooperate with counterparts in other Dutch Regarding formal social capital, power asymmetries within partner- research schools in order to strengthen international collaboration ships between Northern and Southern NGOs are thought to be and provide education to young cohorts of doctoral candidates, undesirable. Researchers examined ways in which the institutional including the Research School for Resource Studies for Develop- design of the partnerships affect local partners’ room to manoeuvre. ment (CERES) and the Interuniversity Centre for Social Science They demonstrated that Northern agencies unilaterally set rules Theory and Methodology (ICS). that govern these partnerships; similarities and differences between the rules of the three agencies can, above all, be attributed to the NISCO staff also participate in networks, such as the European corresponding and divergent nature of their norms, values and network for research expertise on Economic change, Quality of life beliefs; and informal rules allow for more flexibility. and Social cohesion (EQUALSOC); the European Consortium for Sociological Research (ECSR); the European Association of Social Modernization processes are examined during research on Marian Anthropologists (EASA); the European Association of Development pilgrimage. Researchers studying religion came across specific Research and Training Institutes (EADI); the European Society for problems such as peoples’ profound emotions and private suffering Oceanists (ESfO), the Research Network on European Port Cities; that may strongly inhibit communication. The elicitation method ERANET Learning in Knowledge Society; the Network of Excellence was used to overcome the problem of silence and outbursts of tears ‘Enhancing the Interest in Science in a Developing Europe’ (EISDE); among emotionally touched respondents, which seriously hampered the Development Policy Review Network, and the International initial interviews based on verbal stimuli. In contrast to this, Civil Society Forum on Conflicts (INFOCON). emotional responses to the iconographic stimuli appeared to evoke stories which revealed important religious meanings, whereas Research results precisely this emotional dimension made it difficult for the people Under the heading of inequality, NISCO researchers studied to to express themselves when approached using conventional inter- what extent parents’ field of study affects children’s educational view techniques. level and field of study. They showed that, over the last five decades, economics and related studies have become more popular among Other researchers depicted and interpreted changes in the organi- men. It was established that parents’ field of study is of significant sational structure of the Holy Week celebrations in Andalusia over importance for children achieving a high level of education, and the past three decades. They argued that women were able to stake that its relevance has increased over the years. These results sup- out a larger space in religious organisations due to changes in the ported the idea that educational expansion does not necessarily functions of these sodalities in the political and economic domain lead to increasing meritocracy in western societies. and to overall pressures from women to change gender relations.

Another contribution on inequality analyzed the impact of the Awards and acknowledgments Millennium Village Project (MVP) in Sauri, Kenya on poverty. Prof. Scheepers was acknowledged by a leading global scientific Researchers found that higher agricultural productivity affected publisher as one of the 1% most cited general social scientists in self-consumption, production margins and total (surrogate) the world during the period 2001-2010. income, but had an insignificant impact on cash incomes among targeted households, when compared to neighbouring villages. Societal impact These outcomes are explained by the fact that much of the output Members of NISCO share the view that their knowledge should of improved productivity is consumed rather than sold on the be shared with societal and scientific stakeholders. They therefore market. regularly advise a wide range of public and private institutions and have advisory positions in a variety of domains. This work includes Cohesion in societies is studied via social capital: formal (contacts supporting international data collections (European Social Survey within formal organizations) and informal (contacts outside of and the European Value Survey), national data collections (Centraal formal organizations). In particular, researchers inquired to what Bureau voor de Statistiek, Data Archiving and Networked Services, extent formal and informal social capital can be substituted for Algemene Rekenkamer, Wetenschappelijk Onderzoeks- en Documen- each other. They found strong evidence for cross-national equiva- tatie Centrum). More specific data collections relating to the ‘Causes lent measurements relating to informal and formal social capital. and Consequences of Early Socio-Cultural Integration Processes They rejected the hypothesis on substitution of formal and informal among New Immigrants in Europe (SCIP)’ continue to be collected, social capital for all countries under consideration, except for together with Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek and the Sociaal Romania; and they corroborated the hypothesis on the comple- en Cultureel Planbureau for which Dr Lubbers received additional mentary nature of formal and informal social capital. funding from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO; ‘medium investment’). Data were collected on funding

48 radboud university nijmegen Prof. Kraaykamp (Professor of Empirical Sociology) became the National Coord­inator for the European Social Survey on behalf of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO).

provided by public and private organizations engaged in development Future research cooperation (DGIS/Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Cordaid, ICCO, This was a fruitful year for NISCO. New assistant professors who Solidaridad, Hivos, Oxfam-Novib). Moreover, advice was given were appointed (tenured positions, core funded) provided excellent to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Directoraat-Generaal Wonen opportunities to broaden the scope of research themes from which Bouwen en Integratie, Stichting Lezen, de Brabantse Netwerk­ teaching programmes eventually also strongly benefit. bibliotheek, the Kenniskamer of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, The research programmes of the Cultural Anthropology and the Centre for Development Cooperation (COS) Gelderland, Royal Development Studies Research Group will continue to focus on Tropical Institute (KIT), Fairfood, SNV Netherlands Development more specific topics included in a contract with Population Organisation, Nederlandse Vereniging voor Technisch Facilitair Council (NGO) to design a mixed-method impact evaluation for Management in de Gezondheidszorg (NVTG) and others. a project entitled ‘Bangladeshi Association for Life Skills, Income and Knowledge for Adolescents’ (BALIKA), financed by the Dutch Prof. Breedveld served as an intermediary consultant, disseminat- Embassy in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The aim of this project is to reduce ing scientific insights related to sports, particularly to the Dutch the incidence of child marriage through a mixture of interventions, Olympic Committee/Sports Federation NOC*NSF. Prof. Hoebink mostly targeting young girls (12-18). The involvement includes and Dr Schulpen advised the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Dutch capacity building of local Population Council staff on evaluation Parliament and several private aid organisations and appeared in methodologies. There is also a new framework contract with the the media – including in widely read Dutch journals such as Inter- Ministry of Foreign Affairs developed by Dr van Kempen for an nationale Spectator, Trouw, Financieel Dagblad and De Volkskrant ‘Establishing Impact’ tender. The framework contract makes it – commenting on international cooperation. Prof. Ruben is Director possible to compete with a select set of consortia for a large number of the Policy and Operations Evaluation department (IOB) of the of impact evaluations in development cooperation and foreign Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs. IOB reports, which are policy. Other programmes funded by the Ministry of Foreign public, are submitted to the Dutch Parliament. Prof. Kraaykamp Affairs, Cordaid and other aid agencies will lead to a series of became the National Coordinator for the European Social Survey on PhD theses, which will be defended in years to come. behalf of NWO. Prof. Eisinga was an advisor to the Open Research Area Plus, assisting the National Science Foundations of France, In the Sociology Research Group the focus is on projects related to Germany, the Netherlands and the USA. Prof. Scheepers advised the key themes inequality, cohesion and modernization, which are the Scientific Advisory Board of the European Social Survey and partially funded by NWO, with publications containing life-course Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek and disseminated knowledge, analyses and multi-level modelling on topics such as: the compos­ jointly with Dr Tolsma, to Sociaal en Cultureel Planbureau, Raad ition of neighbourhoods and the effects on their inhabitants, attitudes voor de Maatschappelijke Ontwikkeling, Forum and Cosmicus. of parents to children’s socialisation with the aim of avoiding NISCO researchers participated widely in public debates and media deviancy and delinquency, integration processes of migrants and presentations on topics such as the role of ethnic diversity and labour market vulnerabilities as well as inter-ethnic prejudice and social capital in European societies. contacts in European social contexts. The NWO PROO as well as

2013 research report 49 Nijmegen Institute for Social & Cultural Research

Key publications

Beuving, J.J. (2013). Playing information games: démarcheurs in the Meijl, A.H.M. van (2013). Ownership and Distribution in the second-hand car markets of Cotonou, Bénin. Social Anthropology, Settlement of Maori Grievances: Balancing Historical and Social 22(1), 2-22. Justice between Classes. In F. McCormack & K. Barclay (Eds.), Engaging with Capitalism: Cases from Oceania (Research in Caarls, K., Fransen, S. & Ruben, R. (2013). Can Migratory Contacts Economic Anthropology, 33) (pp. 29-52). Bingley: Emerals. and Remittances Contribute to Reconciliation and Reconstruction in Rwanda? International Migration, 51(Suppl. 1), e98-e117. Meuleman, R., Bekhuis, H., Lubbers, M. & Scheepers, P.L.H. (2013). Own Culture First? Nationalism and the Preference for National Eisinga, R.N., Grotenhuis, H.F. te & Pelzer, B.J. (2013). The reliability Cultural Goods. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, of a two-item scale: Pearson, Cronbach or Spearman-Brown? 25(4), 436-458. International Journal of Public Health, 58(4), 637-642. Notermans, C.D. & Kommers, H.C.T. (2013). Researching religion: Elbers, W.J. & Schulpen, L.W.M. (2013). Corridors of Power: The the iconographic elicitation method. Qualitative Research, 13(5), Institutional Design of North-South NGO Partnerships. Voluntas : 608-625. International Journal of Voluntary and non-profit organizations, 24(1), 48-67. Wanjala, B.M. & Muradian Sarache, R.P. (2013). Can Big Push Interventions Take Small-Scale Farmers out of Poverty? Insights Gesthuizen, M.J.W., Scheepers, P.L.H., Veld, W.M. van der & Völker, from the Sauri Millennium Village in Kenya. World Development, B. (2013). Structural aspects of social capital: tests for cross-national 45, 147-160. equivalence in Europe. Quality & Quantity, 47(2), 909-922.

Hek, M. van & Kraaykamp, G.L.M. (2013). Cultural consumption Dissertations: 4 across countries: A multi-level analysis of social inequality in Scientific publications: 112 highbrow culture in Europe. Poetics, 41(4), 323-341. Professional publications: 9

Jansen, W.H.M. & Driessen, H.G.G.M. (2013). Gender Dynamics in Andalusian Religious Brotherhoods. Anthropos, 108, 543-553.

Jaspers, E. & Verbakel, C.M.C. (2013). The Division of Paid Labor in Same-Sex Couples in the Netherlands. Sex Roles, 68(5-6), 335-348.

Kinsbergen, S. & Tolsma, J. (2013). Explaining monetary donations to international development organisations: A factorial survey approach. Social Science Research, 42(6), 1571-1586.

Kraaykamp, G.L.M., Tolsma, J. & Wolbers, M.H.J. (2013). Educational expansion and field of study: trends in the intergenerational transmission of educational inequality in the Netherlands. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 34(5-6), 888-906.

Lange, M. de, Wolbers, M.H.J. & Ultee, W.C. (2013). United in Precarious Employment? Employment Precarity of Young Couples in the Netherlands, 1992-2007. European Sociological Review, 29(3), 503-516.

50 radboud university nijmegen Director: Prof. Peer Scheepers Nijmegen Institute for Social & Cultural Research Peer Scheepers is a Professor of Comparative Methodology at Radboud University Nijmegen. Postal address Previously, he worked as an endowed professor on PO Box 9104 ethnic relationships. Prof. Scheepers – a member 6500 HE Nijmegen of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and The Netherlands Sciences (KNAW) – chairs the national committee for evaluating Research Masters Programmes in Visiting address the Societal Sciences for the Nederlands-Vlaamse Thomas van Aquinostraat 4 Accreditatie Organisatie (NVAO). On behalf of the Nijmegen Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), he is a member of the Scientific Advisory T: +31 (0)24 361 55 68 Board of the European Social Survey, which provides F: +31 (0)24 361 23 51 a high-quality large-scale data infrastructure for the E: [email protected] European scientific community. Prof. Scheepers’ I: www.ru.nl/socialsciences work focuses on comparative studies of pro-social attitudes and social behaviour as well as ethnic exclusionism.

the HORIZON 2020 tenders offer fruitful opportunities to Scientific integrity exploit previously developed expertise in these fields to develop There is a long-standing tradition, built by NISCO researchers, national and international cooperative research programmes. to provide the scientific community with well-documented data Veni laureate Dr Tolsma started his research and, moreover, to improve scientific transparency and integrity. This tradition has received a TALENT grant to explain the causal impact of ethnic been widely recognized as among one of the best practices. Last diversity on social cohesion between and within ethnic groups. year, it was taken as an example at Radboud University Nijmegen Dr Lubbers will use very recent data from the NWO-funded from which other researchers have derived best practices for their programme on ‘Causes and Consequences of Early Socio-Cultural own research in order to improve transparency and ensure integrity. Integration Processes among New Immigrants in Europe (SCIP)’. Cross-national research in the research programmes is being extended across the board. The NWO programme on Conflict and Security, which has funded studies on the correlates of ethnic diversity in local communities in Europe, will be finalized by one PhD and two post-docs. This programme has also funded research on ethno-religious conflicts in South-east Asia (Indonesia and the Philippines) which will be finalized by four PhD students plus one post-doc, jointly supervised by researchers from the Cultural Anthropology and Sociology departments. Both research programmes are headed by Principal Investigator Prof. Scheepers.

2013 research report 51 Centre for Language Studies

The richness of languages in Africa and the Caribbean – in particular the use of ideophones – is studied at the Centre for Language Studies.

The Centre for Language Studies (CLS) carries out languages, they develop and test comprehensive theories about leading-edge research in Linguistics, Language language processing on the one hand and the structure of the language system on the other, employing a wide variety and Speech Technology, and Communication in of research methods. a stimulating academic environment. Key aspects • Researchers working on Language in Society see language as a are innovation, an interdisciplinary approach, and social tool that is essential for society, studying it in its historical, a strong commitment to acquiring research funds, cultural and social context. They focus on language contact, sociolinguistic variation and the interactional foundations of which helps strengthen the profile of research done language. In addition, they study various aspects of functional at the Centre, both in the Netherlands and abroad. communication, including language use in the classroom and other multilingual contexts, speech technology designed to Research at CLS takes place in two programmes: improve communication with the disabled, and persuasive • Researchers working on Language in Mind consider language communication. to be a window into the cognitive functioning of the brain. They aim to explain how the architecture of the language system Each programme contains several PI groups, which create interacts with human language processing skills. Using data from platforms for discussing research plans and results, facilitating native and foreign language acquisition, from language produc- communication between researchers and helping to support tion and comprehension, as well as from spoken and signed scientific integrity.

52 radboud university nijmegen Research facilities Staff CLS research is largely empirical, using large databases and experimental techniques. As a result, facilities such as experimental Prof. A.P.J. van den Bosch (o) Tenured laboratories with appropriate equipment, powerful computers and Prof. P.A.J.M. Coppen (p) Full Professors 10.2 FTE sophisticated software – as well as enriched written, spoken, and Prof. H.H.J. Das (o) Associate Professors 4.4 FTE multimodal (sign) language databases – play an increasingly import­ Prof. A.F.J. Dijkstra (p) Assistant Professors 9.7 FTE ant role. The Executive Board has established Linguistics as a focal Prof. N.J. Enfield (e) Researchers 3.0 FTE area of research for the University and structural investment in CLS Prof. M.T.C. Ernestus (p) research has been used to create a state-of-the-art psycholinguistic Prof. J.P.M. Fikkert (p) Non-tenured laboratory, including a web experimentation site, facilities for Prof. M. Gerritsen (p) Researchers 20.7 FTE making observations with video recordings and a state-of-the-art Prof. H. Hoeken (o) Doctoral candidates 45.5 FTE computer lab. Prof. H. de Hoop (p) Prof. R.W.N.M. van Hout (o) Research funding Collaboration Prof. H.M.G.M. Jacobs (o) Widespread international collaboration among CLS researchers Prof. A.M.C. van Kemenade (o) has contributed to the growing success of international recruitment Prof. D.A. van Leeuwen (e) over the past few years: 25 percent of senior CLS members now Prof. S.C. Levinson (e) come from abroad to work in Nijmegen, as well as 40 percent of Prof. A. Majid (o) PhD students. Prof. M.J.P. van Mulken (o) Prof. P.C. Muysken (o) CLS aims to develop a ‘research triangle’ with the universities Prof. A.H. Neijt (o) Core Grants Contracts of Cologne (Germany) and Leuven (Belgium) for long-term Prof. A. Özyürek (p) collaboration on European grant proposals which require inter­ Prof. A.C.M. Rietveld (p) disciplinary collaboration as well as an increase of scale. Prof. N. van der Sijs (p) Prof. W.P.M.S. Spooren (o) CLS is engaged in long-standing collaboration with the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics (MPI) and with the Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour. Together with MPI and Donders, CLS participates as a partner in the International Max Planck Research School. CLS researchers also collaborate with researchers from the Donders Institute and the MPI in the Baby Research Centre.

Examples of current formal international collaboration include: (INSPIRE) with the Technical University of Denmark, KU Leuven, • Collaboration with the Universities of Bergamo, York, Osnabrück, Philips Research Laboratories Eindhoven (NL), Technical Univer- Paris VIII and The American University of Paris in the Netherlands sity Eindhoven (NL), Tampere University of Technology (Finland), Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) project ‘Varieties of Universidad del Pais Vasco (Spain), University College London Initial Learners in Language Acquisition’ (VILLA). (UK), University of Edinburgh (UK), University of York (UK) and • Coordination of the Marie Curie International Training Network University of Sheffield (UK). ‘Bayesian Biometrics for Forensics’ (BBfor2), with Universidad • Collaboration with the University of Arizona (USA), University Autonoma de Madrid (Spain), Politechnico di Torino (Italy), of Alberta (Canada), University of Victoria (Canada) and the University of Twente (NL), Idiap Research Institute (Switzerland), University of Canterbury (New Zealand) in the project ‘Speech University of York (UK), KU Leuven (Belgium), Hogskolan i reduction across languages and dialects’, funded by the National Halmstad (Sweden), the Netherlands Forensic Institute, Agnitio Science Foundation (USA). Voice Biometrics (Spain), TNO (NL) and the MARCS Institute • Collaboration in the large-scale cross-linguistic project ‘Evolution (Australia). of semantic systems’, which is funded by MPI Nijmegen, as part • Collaboration with Aarhus University (Denmark), the University of a consortium of 45 universities across Eurasia. of Antwerp (Belgium), the University of Hasselt (Belgium), Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien (Austria), Copenhagen Business Research results School (Denmark), Aalto University (Finland) in the project Only humans have a communication system that combines a finite ‘Linguists for Business Research Initiatives’ (LIBRI). number of meaningless elements (sounds) with a potentially infinite • Participation in the Marie Curie International Training Network set of meaningful concepts. But where do these meanings come ‘Investigating Speech Processing In Realistic Environments’ from? According to some scholars, the meanings of words are largely

2013 research report 53 Centre for Language Studies

the same for all people and are shaped in only a limited way by Dr Mark Dingemanse received the 2012 Anéla/AVT Dissertation experience. According to others, such meanings vary substantially Prize for his dissertation The Meaning and Use of Ideophones in from culture to culture and every infant must learn a different Siwu (2011). For this award, which was jointly presented by the system. Recent research supports a more nuanced picture than this Dutch Society for General Linguistics (AVT) and the Dutch dichotomy suggests. Large-scale cross-cultural comparisons reveal Association for Applied Linguistics (Anéla), an independent jury little evidence for absolute universals in the meaning of words, chooses the best dissertation in linguistics at a Dutch university. which would be consistent with the cultural relativity view. However, there are striking statistical regularities in how meaning The Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science awarded is carved up into words, suggesting that similar perceptual and Mark Dingemanse the Otto Hahn Medal for the work reported in cognitive constraints are in operation across diverse languages. his thesis. The Otto Hahn Medal is awarded annually to a small Recent research with infants shows evidence for some of these number of young scientists for ‘outstanding scientific achievements’. conceptual structures early in child development; these are in place well before language learning. Prof. Asifa Majid, Professor of Language, Communication and Cultural Cognition, was elected to the Academia Europaea. Its In contrast to what the story about the Tower of Babel suggests, it members are scientists and scholars who aim to promote inter­ is sometimes the case that speakers of different languages are able national and interdisciplinary research and provide independent to understand each other. Cognates, words with similar form and advice on matters of scholarly interest or concern to legislatures, meaning across languages, were automatically identified and used governments, universities and the media, as well as to professional, successfully for measuring cross-linguistic similarities that are industrial and commercial organisations in Europe. consistent with other accounts of language history. This is one of the main conclusions in a study on distributions of cognates by Societal impact PhD student Job Schepens, MSc (CLS), Prof. Ton Dijkstra (CLS and Knowledge dissemination to the general public, raising awareness Donders), Dr Franc Grootjen (Donders), and Walter van Heuven of the essential role of language and communication in society (University of Nottingham), which was published in PLoS ONE. and developing ‘products’ based on CLS research, is encouraged. CLS concentrates its externally funded projects that involve The perception of non-native varieties of a language by both language and speech technology in a dedicated institute: the Centre native and non-native speakers was studied with regard to com­ for Language and Speech Technology (CLST). Through CLST, CLS prehensibility, interpretability, attitude, status and image. For this collaborates with many social and commercial partners. type of study new methods were developed in order to collect data or to create adequate stimuli (e.g. corpus linguistics and varieties The website Gebareninzicht, which went live in March, has received of matched-guise techniques). Results show that for native receivers, wide acclaim among target users. It contains information on sign but also for non-native speakers of other languages than the original language narrated in sign language, featuring summaries of recent speaker, communication in the native variety is more successful research outcomes, short biographies of the researchers involved than in a non-native variety. in this research, a lexicon of linguistic and language-related terminology, signed columns and a timeline of the history of It is widely believed that people are bad at naming odours. This sign language research. has led researchers to suggest that representations of smell are inaccessible to the language centres of the brain. But is this really Prof. Helen de Hoop contributed to the understanding of linguistic so? Prof. Asifa Majid and Dr Niclas Burenhult (from Lund Univer- descriptive analysis by providing a lecture for a general audience sity, Sweden) have found new evidence that this is not true in all during the Nijmegen annual Four-day March. It is not uncommon languages. In Jahai, a hunter-gatherer language spoken in the Malay for people to undervalue the language variants of out-groups. Peninsula, there are around a dozen different words to describe However, from the perspective of linguists, no one variety is ‘better’ different qualities of smell. This questions the view that there is a or ‘worse’ than any other. There are no linguistic arguments in biological limitation to our inability to name smells and means that favour of prescriptive variants of a language, such as a preference in the inability to name smells is a product of culture and not biology. Dutch for beter dan (‘better than’) rather than beter als (‘better as’).

Awards Stemmen van Afrika (Voices of Africa), a website about the linguistic Dr Sander Lestrade received the Keetje Hodshon Prize for his diversity of Africa, was presented at the Drongo Festival of Multi- dissertation The Space of Case (published in 2010). This prize is lingualism in September. Africa has approximately two thousand awarded by the Royal Holland Society of Sciences and Humanities different languages and, like biodiversity, linguistic diversity should to encourage young researchers. be cherished. On this website, the languages of Africa are made

54 radboud university nijmegen Dr Mark Dingemanse received the 2012 Anéla/AVT Dissertation Prize for his dissertation The Meaning and Use of Ideophones in Siwu (2011). For this award, which is jointly presented by the Dutch Society for General Linguistics (AVT) and the Dutch Association for Applied Linguis- tics (Anéla), an independent jury chooses the best dissertation in linguistics at a Dutch university.

available to a Dutch audience in word, image and sound. Stemmen empirical studies on the effects of new media on literacy have not van Afrika was initiated by Radboud professor Pieter Muysken en yet produced any clear results. The aim of this project is to bring Prof. Maarten Mous (of Leiden University). some order to this somewhat chaotic range of opinions and findings. In cooperation with the software developer GameTogether, aphasia associations, the Sint Maartenskliniek in Nijmegen and TNO, Dr Within the NWO theme ‘Creative Industry’, funding for a public- Marina Ruiter helped build an app that supports aphasia patients private cooperation research project was acquired by Dr Helmer in daily communication. This app (‘Gespreksboek’) was developed Strik, Prof. Toni Rietveld, Dr Lilian Beijer and Dr Catia Cucchiarini. for aphasia patients who have difficulty finding words, but are still Neurological patients often suffer from dysarthric speech and able to read at the word level. Over 3,000 words and phrases are diminished speech intelligibility, which has a negative effect on conveniently classified and there is a worksheet on which words their active participation in society. In the programme ‘Challenging can be combined. speech training in neurological patients through interactive gaming’ CLS will cooperate with the Sint Maartenskliniek and game developer The Fowlt.net spelling checker – as well as the Dutch version Waag Society to conduct research on the effectiveness of games Valkuil.net – is not like other spelling checkers, which check based on Automatic Speech Recognition in treating these patients. individual words against a standard list, underlining those that aren’t found in that list. Instead, Fowlt.net finds errors by looking Dr Sander Lestrade was awarded an NWO Veni scholarship for at the context of each word. Fowlt.net knows and recognises such his research on the complexity of case marking. One of the most contexts because it contains large numbers of error-free example important functions of language is to make clear who does what, texts. The programme can therefore easily find errors that other for example, who hits and who is hit. The strange thing is that spelling checkers have difficulty with, such as the difference languages make this much more difficult than is strictly necessary. between ‘its’ and ‘it’s’ and between ‘you’re’ and ‘your’. Fowlt.net The aim of this project is to find out what causes this complexity. was developed by Research Master’s student Wessel Stoop, together with PhD student Maarten van Gompel, web designer Monica Prof. Enny Das acquired EU funding to set up an international Hajek, and Prof. Antal van den Bosch. research exchange network with partner institutes from Germany, Belgium, and Australia. Narratives play an increasingly important Future research role in communication about health issues, especially online. Prof. Wilbert Spooren obtained a PhD position for Lieke Verheijen News reporters not only report the cold facts about an upcoming within NWO’s ‘PhDs in the Humanities’ programme. Because the epidemic, but also employ techniques that are used in novels and language used in new media can deviate from the conventional film. In spite of their increasing use, relatively little is known norms of spelling, grammar, and punctuation, some adults are about the effects of narratives in a health communication context, worried that it may degrade young people’s reading, writing, or as expertise on narratives is scattered across different disciplines. spelling skills. Linguists, on the other hand, point out what they The objective of the HealthNar programme is to strengthen and see as positive aspects of using new media, such as increased consolidate the emerging field of narrative health communication exposure to text, increased motivation to read and write, and and to encourage multidisciplinary exchange of research on increased phonological and metalinguistic awareness. Previous narratives and health, by bringing together renowned international

2013 research report 55 Centre for Language Studies

Key publications

Bergmann, C., Bosch, L.F.M. ten, Fikkert, J.P.M. & Boves, L.W.J. (2013). Ormel, E.A., Crasborn, O.A. & Kooij, E. van der (2013). Coarticulation A computational model to investigate assumptions in the headturn of hand height in Sign Language of the Netherlands is affected by preference procedure. Frontiers in Psychology, 4(676), online. a distinction in type of contact. Journal of Phonetics, 41(2/3), 156-171.

Bosch, A.P.J. van den & Daelemans, W.M.P. (2013). Implicit schemata Schellekens, G.A.C., Verlegh, P.W.J. & Smidts, A. (2013). Linguistic and categories in memory-based language processing. Language Biases and Persuasion in Communication about Objects. Journal and Speech, 56(3), 308-326. of Language and Social Psychology, 32(3), 291-310.

Doremalen, J.J.H.C. van, Cucchiarini, C. & Strik, H. (2013). Pronun­ Schepens, J.J., Dijkstra, A.F.J., Heuven, W.J.B. van & Grootjen, ciation error detection: the case of Dutch vowels. Journal of the F.A. (2013). Cross-language distributions of high frequency and Acoustical Society of America, 134(2), 1336-1347. phonetically similar cognates. PLoS One, 8(5), Art.n0-e63006.

Escudero, P., Broersma, M.E. & Simon, E. (2013). Learning words in a third language: Effects of vowel inventory and language proficiency. Dissertations: 13 Language and Cognitive Processes, 28, 746-761. Scientific publications: 305 Professional publications: 31 Gentner, D., Özyürek, A., Gurcanli, O. & Goldin-Meadow, S. (2013). Patents 1 Spatial language facilitates spatial cognition: Evidence from children who lack language input. Cognition, 127, 318-330.

Hanique, I.A.M., Ernestus, M.T.C. & Schuppler, B. (2013). Informal speech processes can be categorical in nature, even if they affect many different words. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 133, 1644-1655.

Hoop, H. de (2013). Incremental optimization of pronoun interpretation. Theoretical Linguistics, 87-93.

Janse, E. & Newman, R.S. (2013). Identifying nonwords: Effects of lexical neighborhoods, phonotactic probability, and listener characteristics. Language and Speech, 56, 421-441.

Levinson, S.C. (2013). Recursion in pragmatics. Language, 89, 149-162.

Malt, B.C. & Majid, A. (2013). How thought is mapped into words. WIREs: Cognitive Science, 4, 583-597.

Muntendam, A.G. (2013). On the nature of cross-linguistic transfer: A case study of Andean Spanish. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 16(1), 111-131.

Muysken, P.C. (2013). Language contact outcomes as the result of bilingual optimization strategies. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 16(4), 709-730.

56 radboud university nijmegen Director: Prof. Paula Fikkert Centre for Language Studies

Paula Fikkert has been Professor of First-Language Postal address Acquisition and Phonology at Radboud University PO Box 9103 Nijmegen since 2007. She obtained her doctorate 6500 HD Nijmegen degree cum laude with a thesis entitled On the The Netherlands development of prosodic structure. After her gradu- ation, she worked for five years at the University Visiting address of Konstanz. She then moved to Nijmegen as a Royal Erasmusplein 1 Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) Nijmegen researcher, and subsequently received an innovation grant from the NWO. Her current research group T: +31 (0)24 361 18 07 / 23 36 ‘First Language Acquisition’ focuses on the acquisition F: +31 (0)24 361 54 81 of phonological representations in the mental lexicon E: [email protected] and the role these representations play in early I: www.ru.nl/cls language perception and production. Much of this research is carried out in the Nijmegen Baby Research Centre. Prof. Fikkert is a board member of the Nether- lands National Graduate School of Linguistics, LOT.

scholars with backgrounds in health psychology, media psychology, health communication, the arts and interactive communication.

Dr Onno Crasborn – together with Dr Kearsy Cormier from University College London – received a grant from the Digging into Data Challenge, an international competition designed to promote innovative humanities and social science research using large-scale data analysis. This project will develop cross-linguistic annotation protocols for exploring the content of sign language video datasets. The main potential for progress lies in standardised lemmatisation protocols for lexicalised signs and in protocols for annotating partly- lexical and non-lexical elements (including gestures). The new annotation protocols and resulting corpora will enable users to dig into the content of existing video data and to enable cross- linguistic research with sign language corpora.

As part of NWO’s Free Competition in the Humanities Dr Crasborn was granted a research programme designed to resolve some long- standing issues in sign language research by developing a morpho- logical approach to sub-sign meaning. An inventory of sub-sign form-meaning units and their combinatorial potential will be very useful for understanding the morphological structure of signs, comprehending and producing new sign formations and improving psycholinguistic studies, as well as for applied linguistics (language education, and lexicography). Large sets of annotated data (corpora) will be used to study the occurrence and distribution of meaning units smaller than the sign (lexeme).

2013 research report 57 Behavioural Science Institute

In the ‘Curious Minds’ project, the science and technology capabilities of children were mapped and methods were designed to further develop these skills.

The Behavioural Science Institute (BSI) conducts BSI researchers investigate the nature and development of research on human behaviour. The aim of the human behaviour. They study the ways in which it is influenced by i) individual factors (cognitive, affective, motivational and institute is both fundamental (to understand psycho-physiological processes), ii) social-contextual factors behaviour) and applied to societal challenges (home, school, peer groups, work organization and advertising), (to influence behaviour). A distinctive feature and iii) the dynamic interplay between these factors. In addition, of the BSI is an integrative approach to human they study reverse associations, i.e., how human behaviour influences individual factors and the social context. Both ‘normal’ behaviour that transcends the traditional discipli- behaviour and psychopathology are the subject of research which nary boundaries of psychology, education and involves laboratory experiments and field studies, large-scale communication science. longitudinal studies and randomized controlled trials. Studies include behavioural, self-report, psycho-physiological, neuro­ science, genetic and virtual reality measurements. The BSI, which is the largest research institute of the Faculty of Social Sciences, is accredited as a research school by the Royal BSI research is integrated in the following programmes Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW). A two-year (in alphabetical order): Research Master’s programme in Behavioural Science (www.ru.nl/ master/behaviouralscience) is taught within the BSI Graduate Communication Science School, which is officially recognized by the Netherlands The production, content, and reception of mediated communica- Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). tion are investigated. Research focuses on influence (commercial and social marketing communication), information (journalism and

58 radboud university nijmegen Staff

Prof. R.B. van Baaren (o) Prof. M.J.P.M. Verbraak (e) Prof. L.J.M. van Balkom (e) Prof. L.T.W. Verhoeven (o) news), and culture (media and consumer culture). The group takes Prof. J.L.H. Bardoel (p) Prof. R. Vonk (p) a multidisciplinary approach (combining media-psychological with Prof. E.S. Becker (o) Prof. D.H.J. Wigboldus (o) sociological perspectives), which is multi-method (using various Prof. A.M.T. Bosman (p) Prof. C.L.M. Witteman (o) quantitative and qualitative research methods), and has a keen Prof. J.A.M. Bransen (o) interest in developments in the media landscape. There is Prof. M.A. Buijzen (o) considerable emphasis on ‘academic social responsibility’, and Prof. A.H.N. Cillessen (o) Tenured the group supports several initiatives designed to bridge the Prof. H.P.J.M. Dekkers (p) Full Professors 10.3 FTE academy-society divide. Prof. H.C.M. Didden (e) Associate Professors 6.6 FTE Prof. A.J. Dijksterhuis (p) Assistant Professors 21.1 FTE Developmental Psychopathology Prof. J.I.M. Egger (e) Researchers 0.4 FTE The aetiology of emotional and behavioural problems in children, Prof. R.C.M.E. Engels (o) adolescents and their families are studied. Fundamental research Prof. S.A.E. Geurts (p) Non-tenured is conducted across multiple levels of analysis, from genetic and Prof. I. Granic (p) Researchers 13.7 FTE neural processes to emotional, cognitive and social mechanisms, Prof. J.G. van Hell (p) Doctoral candidates 77.7 FTE through to community and cultural factors. Insights from funda- Prof. G.J.M. Hutschemaekers (p) mental studies are applied in developing innovative intervention Prof. C.A.J. de Jong (e) Research funding programmes, which are evaluated in order to strengthen and/or Prof. H.E.T. Knoors (e) refine them. Prof. M.A.J. Kompier (o) Prof. J.M. McQueen (o) Experimental Psychopathology and Treatment Prof. A. van Minnen (e) Research focuses on abnormal psychology through the experimental Prof. H.L.I. Nijman (e) study of cognitive and neuro-biological processes. A multi-modal Prof. J.M.A. Riksen - Walraven (p) approach is used and experimental methods (ranging from reaction Prof. K. Roelofs (o) times and verbal reports to eye-tracking, fMRI, EEG, MEG, and Prof. R.H.J. Scholte (e) Core Grants Contracts behavioural tests in real and virtual environments) are applied to Prof. J. Spijker (e) cognitive processes in psychological dysfunctions. This is done in Prof. B. Steenbergen (o) order to assess patients’ current status, re-train them, as well as Prof. J.W. Veerman (e) predict treatment success and relapse.

Learning and Plasticity Researchers in this programme explore the micro-analysis of research include early child development and child care, peer learning and cognitive plasticity. The main focus is on learning and relationships, ADHD, cognitive and motor processes in sighted developing communication and cognition in normal and atypical and visually impaired children, as well as successful aging among populations. Particular attention is paid to the cognitive constraints older adults. related to learning a first and second language – both spoken and written – in terms of representation and control. To gain more Work, Stress and Health insight into the dynamics of learning, the neural principles of The fundamental goal here is to advance knowledge of the cognitive, brain plasticity are also taken into account. motivational and physiological processes that underlie task behaviour and performance. The applied goal is to provide evidence-based Social Cognition guidelines, which can be used to design healthy work, prevent stress, The main theme of this programme is the interaction between and promote recovery, motivation, learning and performance in automatic and controlled aspects of behaviour. Several aspects the context of work and sports. This research programme comprises are investigated, including the interactions between implicit and three interrelated research themes: 1) stress, fatigue and recovery, explicit components of attitudes, person perception, prejudice and 2) new systems of work organisation, and 3) motivation, learning interpersonal relationships and the role of conscious and uncon- and performance. scious processes in decision making and the pursuit of happiness. Research facilities Social Development The Behavioural Science Institute has excellent research facilities: Fundamental processes of both typical and atypical social develop- • A Virtual Reality Lab for immersive, three-dimensional ment and related cognitive processes over the human life span are computer-generated environments studied from a behavioural, psychobiological and neuroscientific • Mobile labs to accommodate various experimental setups perspective. Clinical applications are also investigated. Areas of outside the university

2013 research report 59 Behavioural Science Institute

• A Physiological Measurements lab, shared with the Donders Research results Centre for Cognition, for measuring neurocognitive and Within the Communication Science programme, researchers biomechanical data found that marketing techniques can be used to promote healthier • Eye-trackers for measuring visual attention and eye movements behaviour. However, they concluded that great care should be taken • Stabilometric platforms for research on freeze-approach- by health practitioners, because video games containing any type of avoidance behaviour food cue – including healthy ones – stimulate unhealthy snacking. • Observational labs with one-way screens and multiple cameras Researchers found that competitive pressure in newsrooms increases • A computer lab with 22 identical cubicles for computerized the influence of television news on viewers. They also recommended experiments that in the contemporary media environment journalists should • A Bar Lab for observational studies of social behaviour in improve transparency and accountability towards the public. a natural setting Another finding was that medical practitioners – depending on • A Sport Lab for behavioural and psychophysiological measures their level of experience – relate in very different ways to morality- during exercise related issues in television entertainment programmes. • Through its participation in the Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging (DCCN), the BSI has full access to neuroimaging Within the Developmental Psychopathology programme, a series facilities. of studies stressed the impact of the way in which children imitate food intake and food purchasing patterns, and the processes under- In 2013 the BSI invested in updating its lab facilities. This will lying this. These studies were used to develop an intervention continue in 2014, resulting in the replacement of much of the programme. Two large randomized controlled prevention trials equipment. focusing on programmes to train parents to effectively educate their children to refrain from smoking and drinking did not produce Collaboration significant effects. These studies provided important insights about Researchers within the BSI collaborate with numerous inter­ the timing and content of substance use prevention programmes. national and national partners. A number of these are linked to the On the other hand, a smoking cessation intervention was clearly BSI as international fellows. The Institute’s strategy is to link these shown to be effective. Mixed findings in a series of longitudinal renowned scholars to Nijmegen. They visit at least once a year to studies on gene-environment interactions related to loneliness, give workshops, lectures and to work on joint publications. Some of smoking and marihuana use in adolescents illustrated the complex the PhD students working at the BSI conduct part of their projects nature of the interplay between genetic vulnerability factors and in the labs of these fellows. Currently, Profs. Charles Perfetti the environmental factors which affect psychopathology. (Pittsburgh University), Alex Todorov (Princeton University), Janet van Hell (Pennsylvania State University), Mitchell Prinstein Members of the Experimental Psychopathology and Treatment (University of North Carolina), Marcel Brass (University of Ghent), programme identified factors that predict which alcoholics will William Bukowski (Concordia University), Stefan Hofmann profit from a relapse-reducing joystick training. They found that (Boston), Jasper Smits (Dallas), Emmanuel Kuntsche (Lausanne) social stress reactions can be reduced by a training using a joystick and Goran Kecklund (Stockholm University) are BSI fellows. to select smiling faces. A novel task was developed to investigate approach-avoidance tendencies in decision making. It was found There are formal collaboration arrangements with numerous that, for those with a genetic vulnerability to affective disorders, international universities (e.g., University of Cologne, Australian there is reduced downregulation of the amygdala by the prefrontal Catholic University, Indiana University, University of Virginia), cortex, and that in patients with remitted depression, carriers of research laboratories (e.g., Haskins Laboratories in New Haven), risk genes affect cognitive processes if they have experienced multiple Dutch Universities, and institutes for applied research childhood trauma. The Wall Street Journal published an article (e.g., Trimbos Institute, TNO). Within Radboud University there on Bernd Figner’s work on risky decision making. are formal collaboration arrangements with the Medical Centre, the Donders Centres for Cognition (DCC) and Cognitive Neuro- Within the Learning and Plasticity programme, the focus was on imaging (DCCN), and the Max Planck Institute for Psycholin­ neurocognitive and social markers in the learning and development guistics. The BSI also employs two Principal Investigators at of sensory, motor, visio-spatial, speech, language, literacy, mathe- DCCN (Dr Alan Sanfey and Prof. Karin Roelofs). matics, and science abilities, following experimental and quasi- experimental designs to test predefined hypotheses in both children The BSI hosts the ZonMw-funded centre of excellence ‘Academic and adults. Moreover, the development of such abilities in children Centre Youth Nijmegen’, which is a consortium of 14 knowledge, with cognitive disorders or specific language, hearing or vision policy and clinical institutions in the Nijmegen region. The aim is to impairment was examined in prospective studies as well as in inter- improve the prevention and care of internalizing problems in youth. vention studies. Finally, the impact of construction in educational

60 radboud university nijmegen Prof. Moniek Buijzen (Professor of Communication Science) received an ERC Consolidator grant for her research on applying social media in health campaigns targeting young people in order to encourage exercise and eating healthier food.

gaming – and the role of teacher beliefs and school diversity – on poor sleep quality. In one of a series of studies on modern working student learning were studied. life, the goal was to identify trends in the prevalence of physical workplace violence across Europe, as well as to reveal factors that In the Social Cognition programme, researchers working in the may explain trends. It was found that workplace violence has Person Perception Lab validated seven computational models for increased significantly. Violence appears to be particularly prevalent the social judgment of faces (identifying characteristics such as in jobs involving regular use of computers. This may be because the attractiveness, competence, dominance, extroversion, likability, nature of making contact with clients is changing. threat and trustworthiness). The validated stimuli have been made available for use by other researchers. Research on social influence Awards and acknowledgments expanded on classic findings on obedience and showed that defying • Prof. Moniek Buijzen received an ERC Consolidator Grant for authority is more exhausting for individuals high in need for closure, the project Social Network Implementation of Health Campaigns. than for people low in need for closure. Researchers working in the • Prof. Karin Roelofs received an NWO Vici grant for the project Decision Neuroscience lab showed for the first time that top-down Police in Action: The role of freeze-fight-flight in posttraumatic strategies such as reappraisal strongly affect socio-economic stress symptoms. decisions. • Profs. Toon Cillessen, Isabela Granic, Karin Roelofs, and Daniel Wigboldus each received an NWO Onderzoekstalent grant. In the Social Development programme, the effects of maternal • Prof. Ron Scholte received a ZonMw grant for research on the prenatal stress on infants’ stress responses and later development effectiveness of the social network strategy in societal youth care. were investigated. Also, the conditions under which stressful • Prof. Rutger Engels received an Achmea grant for developing and environments do or do not impair cognitive development were testing a resiliency programme on residential youth care. examined. It was demonstrated that parental behaviours may • Prof. Moniek Buijzen, Dr Simone de Droog, and Dr Esther increase adolescents’ susceptibility to deviant peer influence and Rozendaal received an NWO Meerwaarde Plus Valorisation risk. The implicit processes that may underlie peer influence among Grant for their project The World of the Veggiefruities. adolescents were investigated and friendship network types and • Dr Gero Lange received a German Research Foundation (DFG) their predictors in the second half of adult life were also examined. Starting Grant. Research on ADHD showed consistently reduced activation of the • Prof. Cilia Witteman received a grant from Fonds Kinder- ventral striatum during reward anticipation. postzegels to study the assessment of child abuse. • Dr Monique van de Ven received a grant from the Stichting In the Work, Stress and Health programme, longitudinal and Astmabestrijding to study automatic processes in the medication intervention studies on the association between psychosocial work adherence of adolescents with asthma. characteristics and sleep quality were reviewed. It was concluded • Dr Sabine Stoltz received a Jacobs Foundation research grant. that demanding work and a low degree of control at work predict

2013 research report 61 Behavioural Science Institute

Key publications

Andics, A.V., McQueen, J.M. & Petersson, K.M. (2013). Mean-based Otten, R. & Engels, R.C.M.E. (2013). Testing bidirectional effects neural coding of voices. Neuroimage, 79, 351-360. between cannabis use and depressive symptoms: moderation by the serotonin transporter gene. Addiction Biology, 18(5), 826-835. Bossche, S.N.J. van den, Taris, T.W., Houtman, I.L.D., Smulders, P.G.W. & Kompier, M.A.J. (2013). Workplace violence and the changing Strien, T. van, Roelofs, K. & Weerth, C. de (2013). Cortisol reactivity nature of work in Europe: Trends and risk groups. European Journal and distress-induced emotional eating. Psychoneuroendocrinology, of Work and Organizational Psychology, 22(5), 588-600. 38(5), 677-684.

Broek, G.S.E. van den, Takashima, A., Segers, P.C.J., Fernandez, G.S.E. Todorov, A.T., Dotsch, R., Porter, J.M., Oosterhof, N.N. & Falvello, & Verhoeven, L.T.W. (2013). Neural correlates of testing effects in V.B. (2013). Validation of Data-Driven Computational Models of vocabulary learning. Neuroimage, 78, 94-102. Social Perception of Faces. Emotion, 13(4), 724-738.

Folkvord, F., Anschutz, D.J., Buijzen, M.A. & Valkenburg, P.M. (2013). Vergeer, M.R.M. & Hermans, E.A.H.M. (2013). Campaigning on The effect of playing advergames that promote energy-dense snacks Twitter: Microblogging and Online Social Networking as Campaign or fruit on actual food intake among children. American Journal of Tools in the 2010 General Elections in the Netherlands. Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 97(2), 239-245. Computer-Mediated Communication, 18(4), 399-419.

Grecucci, A., Giorgetta, C., Wout, M. van ‘t, Bonini, N. & Sanfey, Volman, I.A.C., Verhagen, L., Ouden, H.E.M. den, Fernandez, G.S.E., A.G. (2013). Reappraising the Ultimatum: an fMRI study of emotion Rijpkema, M.J.P., Franke, B., Toni, I. & Roelofs, K. (2013). Reduced regulation and decision-making. Cerebral Cortex, 23(2), 399-410. Serotonin Transporter Availability Decreases Prefrontal Control of the Amygdala. Journal of Neuroscience, 33(21), 8974-8979. Horst, A.C. ter, Lier, R.J. van & Steenbergen, B. (2013). Mental rotation strategies reflected in event-related (de)synchronization Vorst, H. van der, Krank, M., Engels, R.C.M.E., Pieters, S., Burk, W.J. & of alpha and mu power. Psychophysiology, 50(9), 858-863. Mares, S.H.W. (2013). The mediating role of alcohol-related memory associations on the relation between perceived parental drinking Laethem, M. van, Beckers, D.G.J., Kompier, M.A.J., Dijksterhuis, and the onset of adolescents’ alcohol use. Addiction, 108(3), 526-533. A.J. & Geurts, S.A.E. (2013). Psychosocial work characteristics and sleep quality: a systematic review of longitudinal and intervention Weerth, C. de, Fuentes, S., Puylaert, P. & Vos, W.M. de (2013). research. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 39(6), Intestinal Microbiota of Infants With Colic: Development and 535-549. Specific Signatures. Pediatrics, 131(2), E550-E558.

Lansu, T.A.M., Cillessen, A.H.N. & Bukowski, W.M. (2013). Implicit and Explicit Peer Evaluation: Associations With Early Adolescents’ Dissertations: 32 Prosociality, Aggression, and Bullying. Journal of Research on Scientific publications: 415 Adolescence, 23(4), 762-771. Professional publications: 71

Societal impact conducted at BSI stems from societal questions and/or is designed Within BSI fundamental research, for example on addiction, to answer societal questions. Four examples of this are: occupational stress, reading acquisition, anxiety and depression, is translated into practical prevention guidelines and interventions. 1. The Dutch national government decided to raise the minimal These interventions, in turn, are subjected to scientific investiga- drinking age from 16 to 18. The BSI line of longitudinal studies on tion, if possible in randomized controlled trials. On the other the role of parental rule setting and drinking, conducted over the hand, societal issues, such as adolescent alcohol consumption past ten years, contributed to rational support for this decision. and children’s reading problems, serve as the starting point for This far-reaching change in policy has a potentially huge impact a more fundamental understanding of such topics. Most research on the detrimental consequences of early-age drinking.

62 radboud university nijmegen Director: Prof. Toon Cillessen Behavioural Science Institute

Toon Cillessen has been Professor of Postal address Developmental Psychology at Radboud Uni­ PO Box 9104 versity Nijmegen since 2006. He previously 6500 HE Nijmegen held appointments at Duke University and The Netherlands the University of Connecticut. His research interests include the development of social Visiting address competence, aggression and antisocial Montessorilaan 3 behaviour, social dominance and peer influence, Nijmegen and quantitative methods for developmental research (sociometric methods, social network T: +31 (0)24 361 00 82 analysis and longitudinal data analysis). He is F: +31 (0)24 361 26 77 a Consulting Editor for the journals Develop- E: [email protected] mental Psychology, International Journal of I: www.ru.nl/bsi Behavioural Development, Merrill-Palmer Quarterly and Social Development.

2. An intelligence test for detecting mild intellectual disabilities Future research was published: ‘SCreener voor Intelligentie en Licht verstandelijke In the next few years BSI will continue to deliver top-level beperking’ (SCIL; Screener for intelligence and light intellectual behavioural research with societal relevance. Most of the grants disability). It has been estimated that about 15 to 25% of prison acquired provide researchers with money for research that is inmates in the Netherlands may have mild or more serious closely linked to societal problems. This link will continue to lead intellectual disabilities. The SCIL helps gain more insight into to innovative new projects. The BSI is working on a new structure the prevalence of intellectual disabilities among prisoners and of research themes, designed to encourage even more internal and forensic patients, and to detect individuals who need specific external collaboration. This new structure will be flexible so that care and treatment. BSI can focus its research on current topics of interest in society, without losing its solid basis in fundamental research. One of the 3. Researchers working on the Curious Minds project examined ways to keep investing in fundamental research and in new ideas is children’s science and technology learning in relation to through the annual BSI graduate school round, in which promising communication and language learning. In collaboration with candidates are selected to start their own PhD project. BSI will ‘Expertisecentrum Nederlands’, part of children’s discovery maintain these graduate school positions in the future. The BSI learning in the classroom was videotaped and brought together sees significant opportunities in Challenge 1, 6 and 7 in the EU in a nation-wide web-based learning environment (www.samen­ Horizon 2020 research programme. A ‘warm-up’ information onderzoeken.nl), which is available to teachers wishing to session was held in 2013 and this will be followed by more plenary implement science and technology lessons for school children. and individual sessions for BSI researchers. The aim is to encourage all researchers to participate in international consortia that apply 4. In 2013 the project The World of the Veggiefruities was set up. for EU funding. This is an NWO-funded health intervention designed to encour- age preschool children to eat more fruit and vegetables. The output is a series of reading books promoting fruit and vegetables with the help of animal characters (the Veggiefruities), a Facebook page, a school fruit and vegetable project, and an interactive reading app for pre-schoolers and parents. Next year the programme will be launched nationwide.

2013 research report 63 Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour

The Donders Institute is an interdisciplinary research institute at Radboud University Nijmegen with a fully integrated Graduate School that focuses on understanding human cognition and behaviour by probing the neural, genetic, molecular, and computational processes that underlie cognitive phenomena such as language, goal-directed action and memory. Its research agenda is mainly fundamental, but it has substantial impact on comprehending specific brain-based disorders, developing novel brain-inspired technology and optimizing educational curricula.

Understanding mind and brain mental application of these techniques in studies of cognition Over 500 researchers at the Donders Institute share the goal of in humans, primates and rodents. Computational modelling advancing understanding of the human mind. This goal requires integrates multi-level experimental data in an attempt to arrive an interdisciplinary approach. Hence, the Donders Institute was at a clearer understanding of cognitive processes. established in 2008 and geared towards interdisciplinary collabor­ ation by bringing together scientists with diverse backgrounds from Benefits for society the Faculties of Social Sciences, Arts, Medicine and Natural Sciences, Research conducted at the Donders Institute has considerable as well as from the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics (MPI). potential for benefiting society. A key aim is to enhance under- The full spectrum of research – from molecule to man – takes place standing of the human brain by disseminating expertise and within four specific themes: knowledge to a variety of stakeholders such as: • The general public is mostly informed via the media. Donders Language and Communication researchers regularly appear on national and international televi- Studying Language and Communication involves understanding sion (i.e. ‘Pavlov’, ‘Tegenlicht’ and the National Science Quiz), in core language and communication ‘operations’ and working out numerous national and international newspapers (including the how these are grounded in – or related to – other domains of Gelderlander, NRC, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, and the New cognition, including perception, action, memory, and sociality. York Times), on radio (e.g. Dutch National Radio, BBC, and An important goal is to determine how the human language CNN) and on many websites. faculty is rooted in the ‘language-ready’ human brain. • New findings and knowledge are disseminated to industry, mostly through numerous collaborations with commercial partners Perception, Action and Control varying from smaller companies manufacturing technical devices Researchers working on Perception Action and Control study (such as Noldus and Otticon) to large multinationals (Philips, sensorimotor mechanisms, their cognitive and social components, Siemens, Heinz, DSM, Danone, etc.). Contacts are mutually their clinical implications, and their relevance for robotics. Research beneficial in terms of scientific expertise and/or the use of methods include theoretical analysis, psychophysical and behavioural facilities. studies, neurophysiological techniques, neuroimaging, clinical and • Implementing new findings in clinical practice is part of the pharmacological interventions, as well as developmental and genetic daily work of the Donders clinicians as is education of peers, approaches. patients and patient organisations through lectures and meetings (Parkinsonnet.nl) and active participation in e-science develop- Plasticity and Memory ments (the digital Parkinson poli and Parkinson TV), thus The development and decay of the healthy – and the maladaptive – directly promoting the impact of research outcomes. brain is the main focus of researchers working on this theme. They • Together with major national publishers of school materials, study the mechanistic underpinnings and behavioural consequences (e.g. Malmberg) Donders researchers contribute to educational of long-term changes in neural structure and function. development. Recent insights are used to develop learning Genetic, molecular and cellular methods, animal models, as well as programmes for primary schools as well as those focusing on human neuroimaging and cognitive neuropsychology are applied. anxiety, habits and perception. • Through participation in public debate Donders researchers Brain Networks and Neuronal Communication contribute to regional and national policies by discussing the This theme focuses on brain networks, ranging from communication impact of neuroscientific insight on economic and social develop- between individual neurons to communication between areas of the ment. At the national level, researchers at the institute serve on brain and the outside world. Researchers combine developing new committees of national research policy organisations such as the techniques for electrophysiological and anatomical measurements Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) and of connectivity and activation with data analysis and the experi- the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.

64 radboud university nijmegen Grants and collaboration PhD students themselves exemplify the multidisciplinary Donders researchers received several prestigious grants in 2013. character of the institute. Two NWO Vici grants were awarded to Profs. Barbara Franke and Karin Roelofs and three Vidi grants went to Drs. Kristin Lemhöfer, Dr Christian Döller is ‘Speaker’ of the DGCN and in 2013 Prof. Christian Beckmann and Christian Döller. Ardi Roelofs succeeded Prof. Ruud Meulenbroek as the director of the MSc programme. In 2013 the Donders Institute, the MPI for Psycholinguistics and the University of Amsterdam started their joint ‘Language in Graduate School highlights in 2013: Interaction’ project which was awarded a €27.6 million ‘Gravitation’ • PhD students successfully organized the 6th edition of the grant for research on language from genetic building blocks to ‘Donders Discussions’; an international neuroscience conference social interaction. for PhD students. Over 200 participants from 14 countries attended this two-day event, making it the most international so far. The Donders Institute actively collaborates with leading national • The 100th PhD thesis published in the Donders Series was and international research institutes, companies and other poten- celebrated with an international alumni event. tial users of its research. Joining forces makes it possible to extend • The Masters programme celebrated its 10th birthday with a one- research beyond the confines of the institute and to valorise day symposium featuring international speakers. research results. The Donders Institute takes the lead in a number of pioneering national and international consortia, including Research Assessment those that received grants in 2013: In 2013, an external assessment committee of internationally • Healthpac (Perception and Action in Health and Disease) is a recognized experts chaired by Professor Michael Gazzaniga – an European integrative doctoral programme (IDP) that received eminent researcher and the founding president of the Cognitive a €3.3 million research grant to reveal the neural mechanisms Neuroscience Society – visited the Donders Institute. The committee of sensorimotor control and its disorders,. rated the performance of the Institute over the past six years as • Aggressotype is a large EU-funded project worth €6 million on “excellent”. The committee confirmed the Institute’s international pathological aggression in children and adolescents with attention reputation by stating that it “has had an important and substantial deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder (CD). impact in the international field” and that the Principal Investigators • Matrics is a large EU-funded consortium (€4.5 million) that were recognized as “top researchers in their field”. The committee was focuses on deconstructing aggression in CD and callous unemo- impressed by what has been achieved in six years and observed an tional (CU) traits into different behavioural dimensions coupled extraordinary spirit of cooperation: “The Institute is a very stimulating to imaging and genetic and epigenetic readouts. The Human Brain environment for top researchers as well as for young talent.” Both the Project was selected by the EU as one of two flagship projects. quality and the productivity of the four Donders themes were rated The Donders Institute will contribute its knowledge and expertise as very good to excellent or excellent. in cognitive neuroscience and neuroinformatics. Future developments Donders Graduate School for In 2014 the Institute will further develop its strategy, while Cognitive Neuroscience implementing the recommendations of the external assessment The Donders Graduate School for Cognitive Neuroscience committee. (DGCN) unites a research Masters with a PhD program. It offers • New hires and talent development programmes will be made students a high quality, tailor-made educational programme that in such a way that they increase gender diversity and further is integrated in the institute. The graduate school has a highly strengthen research focus. selective admission policy; currently, 70 MSc and 250 PhD students • The link with the University Medical Centre will be optimized are enrolled. In 2013, it was ranked first in the category Neuroscience by focusing research on five disease areas that are aligned with for the fourth consecutive time and received the quality label ‘Top the Donders research themes. Programme’ in the 2013 Masters Study Guide. • The Graduate School will take the next step by cooperating closely with other Masters programmes at the University to enhance its Within the research evaluation of the Donders Institute (2007- interdisciplinary nature; it will further integrate its Masters and 2012), the Graduate School was assessed as well. The committee PhD training to offer an attractive, fully integrated programme. concluded “The Graduate School has a very stimulating environment • A new initiative will be set up, fostering knowledge transfer in and enables the PhD students to excel”. Moreover, they stated that terms of communicating fundamental neuroscientific insights, the school “leaves a lot of freedom for PhD students to formulate their training beyond university education, commercialization, and own research questions and build their own reputation and at the same R&D cooperation covering four areas: medicine, technology, time provides a transparent structure with clear responsibilities.” education and food.

2013 research report 65 Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Centre for Cognition

Learning a second language usually doesn’t take place in classrooms.

The Donders Centre for Cognition (DCC) is one In the LC theme, DCC researchers study the cognitive processes of three centres at the Donders Institute for Brain, and representations underlying the use of language in a variety of contexts, including speaking, reading and listening, at the levels Cognition and Behaviour (DI). Scientists from a of word, sentence, and discourse. Various techniques are used, range of disciplines jointly study the psychological, including studies of reaction time, eye-tracking, neuro-imaging formal and neurobiological principles of informa- and computational modelling, with a special research focus on tion processing in biological and artificial cognitive contextual flexibility and multilingualism. systems. Research collaboration with the Donders In the PAC theme, the research focus is on the basic sensorimotor Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging (DCCN) and the aspects, as well as the cognitive, contextual and social components Donders Centre for Neuroscience (DCN) embraces of perception-action coupling and their ethical, legal and societal four Donders research themes: Language and implications. Research methods include clinical and behavioural studies, neurophysiological and neuroimaging techniques, develop- Communication (LC), Perception, Action and mental approaches and computational modelling. Key focus areas Control (PAC), Memory and Plasticity (MP) and are Sensorimotor Integration, Intention and Control, and Social Brain Networks and Neuronal Communication Interaction. (BNNC). Researchers working on the MP theme study brain-behaviour relationships with the aim of bridging the gap between cognitive and systemic as well as basic and clinical neurosciences. One key focus area is the interplay between executive control, learning

66 radboud university nijmegen and memory using interdisciplinary, patient-centered studies or Staff ageing individuals in combination with structural and functional neuroimaging methods. Other research focuses on the mechanisms Prof. H. Bekkering (o) Tenured underlying neuroplasticity and the role pathological oscillations Prof. P.W.M. Desain (o) Full Professors 6.0 FTE in electrical brain activity, using healthy subjects, patients, and Prof. A.F.J. Dijkstra (p) Associate Professors 2.6 FTE animal models in combination with pharmacological or genetic Prof. J.I.M. Egger (e) Assistant Professors 7.0 FTE manipulations. Prof. L. Fasotti (e) Prof. P. Hagoort (o) Non-tenured Researchers working within the BNNC theme focus on natural and Prof. R.P.C. Kessels (o) Researchers 22.6 FTE artificial intelligent systems, and their interaction. Main research Prof. G.K. Knoblich (p) Doctoral candidates 37.2 FTE topics are Brain Decoding and Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI), Prof. E.L.J.M. van Luijtelaar (o) both of which involve computational modelling, symbolic AI Prof. J.M. McQueen (o) Research funding techniques, and methods development as important components. Prof. W.P. Medendorp (p) Work on brain decoding focuses on understanding cognitive Prof. R.G.J. Meulenbroek (p) phenomena, both in terms of localized neuronal processing using Prof. A.S. Meyer (e) ECoG and EEG recordings as well as on large-scale functional inte- Prof. A.P.A. Roelofs (p) gration using MRI and MEG recordings. Work in the BCI domain Prof. R. Schreuder (p) focuses on exploiting real-time brain-computer interfaces as an Prof. H.J. Schriefers (o) experimental method for cognitive neuroscience and as reliable Prof. I. Toni (p) technique for new applications in control, consciousness detection Prof. M. Ullsperger (p) Core Grants Contracts and neuro-feedback.

Research facilities • The Baby Research Center has facilities for behavioural and neuro-scientific research with infants and young children, including several Tobii eye-trackers, an fNIRS system with 32 sources and 16 detectors and a 32-channel active EEG setup. • The sensorimotor lab is equipped with a vestibular motion platform and combined EEG apparatus (96 channels), eye and body motion-tracking devices, and VR stimulus displays. • The sensorimotor lab has been expanded with motor learning robotics technology, including a vBOT robotic manipulandum Collaboration and a PHANToM haptic interface device. DCC strives for cooperation with excellent national and inter­ • The DCC installed a computer cluster for high-performance national partners, seeking to develop and strengthen research within scientific computing. the four Donders themes by sharing equipment, people and ideas. • Several EEG/ERP laboratories for measuring brain activity Researchers and research groups at the DCC have formed strategic during cognitive tasks and online processing in Brain-Computer alliances with other international research groups in order to Interfacing. establish a distinct competitive edge, to provide synergies, and to • Laboratories with 2D and 3D motion-tracking systems. combine resources in order to acquire financial support for research • A cognitive Artificial Intelligence laboratory to study human- and related infrastructure. Extensive cooperation in terms of com- computer interaction and intelligent behaviour. plementary research, products, or services also takes place with • Several laboratories for perception and language studies using business partners and non-profit organizations. visual/auditory stimuli, including remote eye-tracking systems. • Animal laboratories for electrophysiological recordings and The DCC is engaged in structural collaboration with many behavioural studies in rats. universities, including: • Facilities for stereotactic animal surgery including microtome • Jagiellonian University Kraków, Poland (a partner in the for histological verification. international research universities network IRUN): on epilepsy • Neuropsychology lab. and pain research as well as language studies. • A Brain Computer Interface Lab. • King’s College, London: collaboration on amnesia and contextual memory research. In addition, DCC researchers have access to DCCN’s brain- • UCL London: computational modelling of amnesia/working- imaging facilities (fMRI, MEG, EEG and TMS). memory capacity/semantics and pain.

2013 research report 67 Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Centre for Cognition

• Oxford University, Oxford: computational modelling of Evidence from neuroimaging indicates that the anterior cingulate associative learning. cortex (ACC) underlies domain-general executive control in • Duke University, Durham, NC: episodic memory and ageing. spoken word production. • University of Hamburg: sensorimotor control. • Universität Zürich: Neural correlates of prospective memory. Perception, Action and Control • University of Ghent: lexical statistics and databases. The neural basis of feedback processing was examined within • University of Nottingham: multilingual research. the University’s baby research centre, showing that feedback- • University of Leipzig: syntactic processing and language guided performance in 2½-year-old toddlers directly relates to production. the functionality of their neural feedback processing. Furthermore, • University of Tübingen: morphological and speech processing. Bayesian computational-level models were developed to explain • Universities of Tokyo and Nagoya, Japan: multilingual research. properties of human action understanding. A further major result • Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea: speech perception. described the neurophysiological characteristics of a mechanism • Yale-University, New Haven, USA: on DTI imaging in rats. that supports human communicative innovation, thus opening the • Saratov State University, Russia: Network analyses and seizure way for a better understanding of the neural implementation of prediction. human symbolic communication. Researchers at the sensorimotor • Lancaster University, UK and the University of Uppsala, lab reported that vestibular cues improve the formation and recall Sweden within the Marie Curie International Training of multiple control strategies in moving enviroments. Their imaging Network ‘ACT - Early Social Development’. studies – in combination with novel analysis techniques – revealed • University College London: testing the Predictive Coding the reference frames of oscillatory activity during reach planning Framework. as well as the cortical organization of saccade generation. Another • Magdeburg University: on performance monitoring. major finding was that real and fictive outcomes are processed • University of Chemnitz, University College London, the differently in an instrumental learning task but converge on a University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, University Paris Descartes: common adaptive mechanism. Finally, the implications of brain in the context of an EU STREP FET consortium grant on spatial research for assessing ethical and/or legal responsibility were cognition. formulated. • University of California, San Diego, USA: on colour perception. • Pennsylvania State University: Motion planning. Memory and plasticity • Technical university Dresden: executive control and intention The cognitive mechanisms of working memory and episodic development across childhood and adolescence. memory formation were examined in brain-diseased patients • University of Oldenburg: memory and executive control in as well as in normal ageing. An important result was that older brain-injured patients. adults compensate for impaired white matter with greater neural activity in the prefrontal and medial temporal lobe. Furthermore, Research results it was demonstrated that early and late stages of working-memory Language and communication maintenance contributed differentially to long-term memory Perceptual learning studies showed that listeners can recognise formation. In clinical populations, it was shown that individuals speech using allophonic representations; hence the functional with psychopathy demonstrate reversal deficits in explicit but not units of language perception are not necessarily phonemic. in implicit learning conditions. Researchers also reported about Longitudinal RT/EEG word learning studies found that adult the site-specific effects of different types of electrical stimulation class-room learners of a foreign language quickly become sensitive of the thalamus on electroencephalic epileptic activity as generated to the sublexical, lexical, and emotional properties of the new in the cortico-thalamo-cortical system of genetic epileptic animals. language. Larger frequency effects in L2 processing were argued to New candidate anti-epileptic drugs were proposed. be due to ‘lexical entrenchment’ (i.e., the strength of the new word in the lexicon), irrespective of bilingualism, language dominance Brain Networks and Neuronal Communication or language similarity. In lexical bilingual processing, so-called New methods and application domains for brain-computer ‘identical cognates’ (e.g., Dutch-English ALARM) were found to be interfaces were developed and tested. Furthermore, new Bayesian represented in the lexicon twice. In monolingual auditory sentence models were designed that allow fusion of multiple sources of comprehension, superfluous prosodic breaks had more severe pro- neuroimaging data and clustering of brain networks. A further cessing consequences than missing prosodic breaks. Using a strong important demonstration was that perceived images could be context, the language comprehension system can make predictions reconstructed from human brain activity using linear decoding in terms of broad semantically defined classes of words, thus going approaches. Other work showed that rhythmic neuronal synchron­ beyond specific words. Lexical selection in spoken word production ization in visual cortex entails spatial phase relation diversity was shown to be a competitive process under executive control. that is modulated by visual stimulation and selective attention,

68 radboud university nijmegen Dr Kristin Lemhöfer (Assistant Professor of Psycholinguistics) won an NWO Vidi grant for her project ‘Learning a second language in the wild’. A second language is usually not learned in classrooms, but, as she puts it, ‘in the wild’. Dr Lemhöfer investigates when people learn languages in a natural way, when they don’t, and the neurocognitive mechanisms behind this phenomenon.

which, in turn, could have important consequences for Prof. Bekkering worked on translating insights from Cognitive communication with downstream areas of the brain. Neuroscience into Education. Together with a major publisher (Malmberg) he developed animations, which can be used to Awards and acknowledgements improve word learning in primary schools. He is also involved in • Dr Kristin Lemhöfer received a Vidi grant from the Netherlands a national project on improving number processing in primary Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) on tracking second schools, mainly by integrating the sensorimotor system while language acquisition through natural language immersion. learning mathematics. Recently, he focused on feedback principles She also received an Aspasia grant from NWO (awarded to in order to foster learning. encourage the academic career of female researchers). • Dr Sabine Hunnius also received an NWO Aspasia Grant. DCC is also involved in Radboud Research Facilities, an initiative • Drs. Vitoria Piai obtained a Rubicon grant and a Niels Stensen by the Province of Gelderland to stimulate the regional economy Fellowship. by contributing to the innovation strength of small and medium- • Drs. Janny Stapel received a Marie Curie Intra-European size enterprises by valorising scientific knowledge. Fellowship. • Dr Markus Paulus received a 2013 George Butterworth Young In collaboration with physical therapists at the Applied University Scientist Award (from the European Association of Develop­ Nijmegen (HAN), Prof. Meulenbroek studies the viability of haptic mental Psychology). tracking methods for lower-limb rehabilitation. • Dr Van Gerven received an NWO EW grant on Bayesian modelling of brain networks. The Baby Research Centre conveys research findings to professionals • EU Marie Curie Innovative Doctoral Program grant HealthPAC working with young children. Dr Hunnius has been co-organizing (Perception and Action in Health and Disease). Work package a series of annual symposia for Infant Mental Health professionals leaders: Prof. Medendorp and Prof. Meulenbroek. and has given lectures to psychotherapists (e.g., SPON; GGNet), • Dr Joukje Oosterman received an IASP Early Career Research health care professionals (e.g., NIDCAP; Amphia Ziekenhuis), and Grant. educational professionals (e.g., Boekstart; NSDSK). She also chairs • Drs. Marjolein van der Waal received an NWO Onderzoekstalent the Baby Brain & Cognition Network in the Netherlands. Grant. • Prof. Desain received an award from the European Regional Prof. Kessels has given lectures to the general public, focusing on Development Fund to develop communication technology for neuropsychology and cognitive rehabilitation, as well as ageing and sick and disabled children, in cooperation with the German dementia (Hersenstichting, Alzheimer Nederland). Ties have been A.J. Kwak-Stiftung. formalized with clinical institutes (Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry at Venray, Groot Klimmendaal Rehabilitation Centre Societal impact in Arnhem, the Pompestichting in Nijmegen, and Kempenhaeghe Researchers contribute to the dissemination of fundamental Epilepsy Centre). There are numerous collaborations with compa- research and its technological and educational applications via nies designed to valorize research results in clinical applications teaching programmes, public conferences and the media. (e.g. Pearson Test Publishers, Hogrefe Test Publishers, Metrisquare).

2013 research report 69 Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Centre for Cognition

Key publications

Blokpoel, M., Kwisthout, J.H.P., Weide, Th.P. van der, Wareham, Mitterer, H.A., Scharenborg, O.E. & McQueen, J.M. (2013). Phono- H.T. & Rooij, I.J.E.I. van (2013). A computational-level explanation logical abstraction without phonemes in speech perception. of the speed of goal inference. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, Cognition, 129(2), 356-361. 57(3-4), 117-133. Paulus, M.A., Hunnius, S. & Bekkering, H. (2013). Neurocognitive Bögels, S., Schriefers, H.J., Vonk, W., Chwilla, D.J. & Kerkhofs, mechanisms underlying social learning in infancy: infants’ neural R. (2013). Processing consequences of superfluous and missing processing of the effects of others’ actions. Social Cognitive and prosodic breaks in auditory sentence comprehension. Neuro­ Affective Neuroscience, 8(7), 774-779. psychologia, 51(13), 2715-2728. Sarwary, A.M.E., Selen, L.P.J. & Medendorp, W.P. (2013). Vestibular Brazil, I.A., Maes, J.H.R., Scheper, I., Bulten, B.H., Kessels, benefits to task savings in motor adaptation. Journal of Neuro­ R.P.C., Verkes, R.J. & Bruijn, E.R.A. de (2013). Reversal deficits in physiology, 110(6), 1269-1277. indi­viduals with psychopathy in explicit but not implicit learning conditions. Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, 38(4), E13-E20. Schaefer, R.S., Desain, P.W.M. & Farquhar, J.D.R. (2013). Shared processing of perception and imagery of music in decomposed EEG. Buchholz, V.N., Jensen, O. & Medendorp, W.P. (2013). Parietal Neuroimage, 70, 317-326. Oscillations Code Nonvisual Reach Targets Relative to Gaze and Body. Journal of Neuroscience, 33(8), 3492-3499. Schoenmakers, S., Barth, M., Heskes, T.M. & Gerven, M.A.J. van (2013). Linear reconstruction of perceived images from human Ede, F.L. van & Maris, E.G.G. (2013). Somatosensory Demands brain activity. Neuroimage, 83, 951-961. Modulate Muscular Beta Oscillations, Independent of Motor Demands. Journal of Neuroscience, 33(26), 10849-10857. Stolk, A., Verhagen, L., Schoffelen, J.M., Oostenveld, R., Blokpoel, M., Hagoort, P., Rooij, I.J.E.I. van & Toni, I. (2013). Neural mechanisms Fischer, A.G. & Ullsperger, M. (2013). Real and Fictive Outcomes of communicative innovation. PNAS-Proceedings of the National Are Processed Differently but Converge on a Common Adaptive Academy of Science of the United States of America, 110(36), 14574- Mechanism. Neuron, 79(6), 1243-1255. 14579.

Klaming, L. & Haselager, W.F.G. (2013). Did my brain implant Verhagen, L., Dijkerman, H.C., Medendorp, W.P. & Toni, I. (2013). make me do it? Questions raised by DBS regarding psychological Hierarchical Organization of Parietofrontal Circuits during continuity, responsibility for action and mental competence. Goal-Directed Action. Journal of Neuroscience, 33(15), 6492-6503. Neuroethics, 6(3), 527-539.

Luttjohann, A.K., Schoffelen, J.M. & Luijtelaar, E.L.J.M. van (2013). Dissertations: 25 Peri-ictal network dynamics of spike-wave discharges: Phase and Scientific publications: 232 spectral characteristics. Experimental Neurology, 239, 235-247. Professional publications: 27

The BrainGain project, which is headed by Prof. Desain, culminated gies. He also appeared in many press releases and gave various public in a public event: ‘BreinFest’. This project, which received excellent lectures about the societal impact of Cognitive Neuroscience and reviews, emphasized the valorisation and application of the Brain- AI research (neurolaw, robotics, gender and neuroscience). Computer Interface, Neurostimulation and Neurofeedback. Its spin- off company Mind-Affect develops communication devices for ALS There has been broad media attention for Dr Van Gerven’s paper patients. on the decoding of perceived images (Volkskrant, NRC, Radio 1, BBC World Radio, Wired, etc.). Prof. Bekkering was one of five Dr Haselager has played a central role in guiding and organizing prominent scientists in the Dutch TV programme Labyrinth, platforms for the ethical thinking needed for new neuro-technolo- giving his view on future developments in cognitive neuroscience.

70 radboud university nijmegen Director: Prof. Pieter Medendorp Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Prof. Medendorp has been a professor Centre for Cognition at Radboud University Nijmegen and the director of the DCC since October 2011. Postal address He previously worked at the Centre for PO Box 9104 Vision Research at York University in 6500 HE Nijmegen Canada and currently holds a research The Netherlands chair in Sensorimotor Integration in Nijmegen. Prof. Medendorp’s research Visiting address focuses on computational and neural Montessorilaan 3 coupling between perception and action, Nijmegen which he studies using modelling, psycho- physical and neuroimaging techniques. T: +31 (024) 361 26 50 He has received several prestigious E: [email protected] national (Vidi, Vici) and international I: www.ru.nl/donders (HFSP, ERC-CoG) grants.

Future research Prof. Bekkering coordinates a TOP grant from NWO-MaGW that Adopting a multi-disciplinary approach, DCC will continue to – together with co-workers of the Donders Institute – enables him study the relationship between brain and cognition, with a focus to investigate the interactions between intention and action on applied studies and research within the four Donders themes. during social interaction. One of DCC’s objectives is to increase the proportion of external funding from the new European Framework Programme for Within the Baby Research Centre, researchers will study how Research and Innovation (Horizon 2020). Researchers plan to infants learn to understand other people’s actions. participate and/or coordinate new research proposals in this programme. Prof. Medendorp will be running both his ERC-consolidator pro- gramme and his Vici project, working on sensorimotor integration New neurocognitive research will start in the framework of the and decision making in dynamic environments. He also leads a work Gravitation grant (Language in Interaction). Three of its work package in a EU STREP Consortium grant on Spatial Cognition. packages will be coordinated by staff employed at the DCC. Furthermore, four PhD projects will start in 2014, under the Profs. Meulenbroek and Medendorp will start their respective work supervision or co-supervision of Profs. Bekkering, Schriefers, packages in the context of an EU Marie Curie Innovative Doctoral Roelofs, Toni, McQueen, and Medendorp. Programme grant entitled, HealthPAC (Perception and Action in Health and Disease). Dr Lemhofer will start the research funded by her Vidi award, entitled ‘Tracking second language acquisition through the wilds Other ongoing work includes four Brain & Cognition grants of natural language immersion’. Prof. Dijkstra will work on a series (Prof. Bekkering, Profs. Desain and McQueen, Profs. Kessels and of new longitudinal studies on adult foreign language learning. Fasotti, and Prof. Toni), an STW EarOpener grant (Prof Desain and Prof. McQueen), three Veni projects (Dr Flecken, Dr Selen, DCC will increase its contributions in computational modelling Dr Maij), two Vidi projects (Prof. Kessels, Dr Fiebach) and several and machine learning to all Donders’ themes. Furthermore, the open competition projects funded by NWO (Dr van Gerven, Prof. applicability of Brain-Computer Interfaces for semantic probing Medendorp). With the arrival of Dr Schutter a new research line will be pushed. Studies will also further strengthen links between on brain stimulation and neuroplasticity will be developed. theoretical research on cognition and neuroscience, and societal, legal and ethical issues.

2013 research report 71 Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging

Equipment used to measure brain activity.

The Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging Another important aspect of the research is improving the imaging (DCCN) conducts basic and applied research in methods themselves by optimally combining imaging techniques with high spatial (fMRI) and high temporal (MEG, TMS and EEG) cognitive neuroscience. Much of the recent rapid resolution and by developing advanced data analysis tools to extract progress in this field is driven by the development relevant information from the highly complex signals which these of complex neuro-imaging techniques for the in-vivo systems provide. In recent years, some aspects of both the cognitive scanning of activity in the human brain, an area in and the methodological research have been combined in projects related to the brain-computer interface, work for which both a deep which the DCCN plays a leading role. understanding of brain functioning and technical excellence are required. Research at the DCCN focuses on central cognitive functions. The aim is to unravel these complex functions and understand All research at the DCCN is done within the context of the how they are represented in the brain. This is done by identifying Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour. Research the networks of brain areas that are vital to each of these functions is organized in Principal Investigator (PI)-led groups, which each and determining the role of – and interactions between – regions. work within one of the four major research themes of the Institute. In order to achieve this, it is also necessary to understand how neurons make networks and how networks carry out cognitive Language and Communication functions, in other words, how to get from neurons to cognition. A fascinating challenge in cognitive neuroscience is to construct Research at the centre is also designed to establish how the different a device that would translate brain signals into speech. A device brain areas coordinate their activity with very high temporal of such kind could restore communication to aphasic patients with accuracy in order to enable human cognition. severe word finding problems, due to their inability to retrieve the word-sound patterns.

72 radboud university nijmegen With this goal in mind, researchers investigated the brain activity Staff related to representations of particular concepts that are part of the system of conceptual knowledge. In a series of experiments they Prof. J.K. Buitelaar (o) Tenured used state-of-the-art machine learning techniques combined with Prof. J.P.J.M. van der Eerden (o) Full Professors 2.6 FTE EEG and fMRI. They also explored patterns of brain activity that are Prof. G.S.E. Fernandez (o) Associate Professors 1.0 FTE characteristic for the processing of different semantic categories, Prof. P. Hagoort (o) Assistant Professors 1.2 FTE e.g. animals and tools. Researchers learned to predict the category Prof. D.G. Norris (o) Researchers 7.0 FTE of a perceived object from EEG or fMRI in individual subjects at the Prof. K. Roelofs (o) single-trial level. Moreover, it was possible to localize the shared Prof. I. Toni (p) Non-tenured substrate for semantic processing when the object was presented Researchers 25.8 FTE in different modalities, such as a picture of a dog, the auditory or Doctoral candidates 50.9 FTE visual word “dog” and the sound of barking. Research funding The PI working on this theme is Prof. Hagoort.

Perception, Action and Control Researchers within this theme explore how perceptual and conceptual information can structure action plans as well as the brain dynamics that make human action possible. It has been shown that planning and understanding actions designed to change the mental state of other people (communicative actions) rely on shared neuronal Core Grants Contracts computations operating over temporal scales that are independent of transient sensorimotor behaviour. This finding indicates that human communication relies on shared inferential mechanisms, rather than sensorimotor couplings.

Perception and decision making are not automatic, they are strongly shaped by internal brain states, which incorporate our goals, attention, expectations and knowledge about the world. The complex relationship between these various top-down factors is characterized using fMRI and MEG. Researchers in this group have shown that prior knowledge is used by the brain to anticipate tant role in decision-making. These findings are strengthened by future incoming input, thus creating a more efficient and sharper examining the neural systems underlying interactive choice. neural representation. How do we control our emotions and emotional actions? Research How is visual information represented in the brain and how are has shown that frontal control over limbic structures is critical to visual representations adjusted to better serve behavioural demands? controlling emotional actions and that steroid hormones such as Research has focused on these and other questions relating to the testosterone have an important impact on these neural structures. neural basis of visual perception. Results have shown that extensive The reseachers apply multiple neuroscience techniques (such as training on a visual task can lead to targeted functional reorganiza- fMRI and EEG) as well as direct hormonal and neural interventions tion of the visual cortex, which refines the cortical representation for mechanistic testing of the systems involved in healthy individuals of behaviourally relevant information. Researchers in this group also and in patients with anxiety and aggression-related disorders. explore the extent to which perceptual uncertainty is represented in the human visual cortex. Brain mechanisms of motivation and cognition are assessed, with the ultimate translational aim of improving the treatment of neuro­ The mechanisms of individual and interactive decision-making psychiatric disorders that are characterized by motivational and are investigated. One group studies how social factors such as trust, cognitive problems. Two key findings were published in 2013. fairness and cooperation change choices, in contrast to ‘rational’ Firstly, researchers used a genetic approach to establish the facts models of behaviour, and also constructs biologically-based models that dopamine and serotonin are important for different forms of of emotional influences on decision-making, such as guilt and cognitive flexibility. Secondly, it was shown that dopaminergic drug empathy. Results show that expectations of social exchange can effects on cognition can be predicted from individual differences radically alter decisions and that affective factors play an impor- in structural brain connectivity.

2013 research report 73 Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging

The PIs working on this theme are Prof. Toni, Dr de Lange, Research facilities Dr Jehee, Dr Sanfey, Prof. Roelofs and Prof. Cools. • four MR scanners – dedicated to research at 1.5, 3, and 7 Tesla – for measuring structural anatomy and functional brain activity Plasticity and Memory with high spatial resolution How does the brain map space and form memories? For the first • a 64-channel EEG system for measuring EEG in the MR scanners time, DCCN researchers were able to decode the distribution of • a whole-head, 275-channel MEG system, for measuring neuronal cell-type specific representations of space in humans at the level activity with high temporal and good spatial resolution of cortical layers. In addition, it was shown that memory retrieval • two EEG laboratories and two behavioural laboratories is driven by hippocampal attractor dynamics and researchers • integrated stimulus presentation and eye-tracking facilities provided initial evidence for spatial remapping in humans. In sum, • centralized data storage and central computation power DCCN’s results open up the possibility of a detailed meso-level • a laboratory for multimodal non-invasive brain stimulation description of a memory map in the human brain. (TMS-EEG, TCS-EEG).

Information on the research line ‘Memory and Emotion’ headed Collaboration by Prof Fernández can be found in the section on the Donders Because the research carried out at the Institute is conducted in Centre for Neuroscience. an international setting, the DCCN strives to collaborate with research institutes both nationally and internationally. The DCCN The PIs working on this theme are Dr Döller and Prof. Fernández. is a research centre at Radboud University Nijmegen, in which the University of Maastricht, as well as the Radboud UMC and the Max Brain, Networks and Neuronal Communication Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics participate. The Neuronal Oscillations group investigates how oscillatory brain activity is involved in routing information between brain regions. The DCCN collaborates with the University of Duisburg-Essen, This group has shown that alpha band oscillations (10-12 Hz) in Germany – a preferred partner of Radboud University Nijmegen – sensory regions are under top-down control. Bottom-up processing on the operation of a joint research centre for high-field MR is reflected by gamma band activity (30-100 Hz) controlled by alpha imaging, the Erwin L. Hahn Institute in Essen. oscillations. There has been particular focus on understanding the interaction between alpha and gamma oscillations. To do so the The DCCN is engaged in numerous structural collaborations group has been using different techniques in various combinations, with academic institutions, including those with: including pharmacology, TMS and MEG, EEG and fMRI and animal • University of Würzburg, Germany (affective neuroscience) data. • University of Aachen, Germany (computational functional anatomy) The ‘MR techniques in brain function’ group conducts research • King’s College London, UK (neonatal imaging) that is designed to improve the ability to measure brain function, • University College London, UK (neural representation of space) structure, and connectivity using magnetic resonance techniques. • National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, USA (neuronal To achieve these goals the group either develops novel techniques mechanisms of memory) or improves existing methodologies. Areas of interest include the • University of Trento, Italy (decision neuroscience) acquisition of fMRI data, diffusion tensor imaging and proton • University of California, Berkeley, USA (cognitive control) spectroscopy. • University of Edinburgh, UK (memory consolidation) • University of Oxford, UK (image analysis and imaging genetics) The Statistical Imaging Neuroscience group develops unified • Heinrich-Heine Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany (multi- approaches to analyzing neuroimaging data in order to provide lingualism) imaging neuroscientists with powerful multimodal research tools • Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA (fMRI, visual processing). and clinicians with advanced practical tools. These tools are used to • Boston University, Boston, USA (visual processing; computational investigate cognition in clinical settings (dementias, MS, addiction modeling) and oncology) and in other challenging imaging scenarios, such as • Brandeis University, Waltham, USA (theory) pharmacological studies and studies of early brain development in • Princeton University, Princeton, USA (animal electrophysiology). neonates. Awards and acknowledgements The PIs working on this theme are Prof. Jensen, Prof. Norris and • Dr de Lange received the 2013 Cortex Prize (from the Federation Prof. Beckmann. of the European Societies of Neuropsychology) • Dr de Lange received the 2013 James S. McDonnell Scholar Award for Understanding Human Cognition

74 radboud university nijmegen Prof. Christian Beckmann (Principal Investigator at DCCN) received an NWO Vidi grant for his project ‘Tracing the fingerprint of the brain’. In order to carry out tasks, different areas within the brain communicate with each other. Prof. Beckmann will develop ways of deducing such communication from brain measurements, describing internal ‘cooperation’ and relating this to behaviour.

• Prof. Cools became a Fellow of the Association for Psychological spatial memory – won a prestigious annual Royal Netherlands Science Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) prize. During the Brain • Prof Roelofs received a Vici grant from the Netherlands Awareness week, researchers at the centre gave Master classes at Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) various high schools, thus reaching out to hundreds of students. • Dr Sanfey was elected to the Board of the Society for Neuro­ economics The DCCN is actively involved in transferring knowledge to non- • Prof Beckmann and Dr Döller received a Vidi grant from NWO. academic partners as well as for commercialization. The DCCN has several collaborative projects with companies. The centre participates Societal impact in the BrainGain, VIP Brain Networks, and the FOCOM consortia Research conducted at the DI has considerable potential for and it collaborates with several commercial partners including benefiting society in the fields of clinical neuroscience, neuro­ Siemens and Abbott. Furthermore, the DCCN is active at the technology, education and food. A key aim is to contribute to European level. It participates in the EU-funded HealthPAC, ABRIM a better understanding of the nervous system by disseminating and Agressotype consortia and Prof. Norris is a member of the expertise and knowledge to both the scientific community and Horizon 2020 Advisory Group for the Societal Challenge ‘Health, the general public. demographic change and wellbeing’.

An annual series of courses entitled ‘The cognitive neuroscience Prof. Cools is a member of the board of the Rathenau Institute, tool-kit’ attracts students and researchers from all over Europe. which promotes the formation of political and public opinion in Fieldtrip – an advanced analysis software package which is used relation to science and technology. DCCN’s researchers are also to analyze MEG and EEG data – has been developed and made involved in setting up new companies. For example, Prof. Beckmann available to the neuroscience community. founded SBGneuro Ltd. a company that is helping pharmaceutical companies which are engaged in drug development. A collaboration During the past year researchers at the DCCN appeared in various with DSM resulted in a joint patent application for functional food. Dutch TV and radio programmes, including BNN’s Je zal het maar hebben, VPRO’s Labyrinth and NTR’s Hoe?Zo! Research at the Future research DCCN featured in many newspapers and on numerous websites. Language and Communication In particular, Shanti Ganesh’s research on avatars and Marijn Kroes’ Future work will focus on various aspects of language production research on altering memories attracted a great deal of press atten- as well as related structural and functional changes. The balance tion. Staff at the DCCN gave a number of lectures, including Prof. and relationship between universal linguistic characteristics and Roelofs, who gave lectures for the Ministry of Security and Justice individual variations, and how cognitive systems such as memory, and Dr Sanfey, who is working with the police on the potential action and control relate to language will be studied in the relevance of neuroscience. During the University’s 90-year lustrum Language in Interaction project (NWO Gravitation). in May 2013 Prof. Cools and Dr Sanfey gave TEDx talks and Prof Cools gave a Lecture for 90 primary school children at Radboud- Perception, Action and Control Kids. PhD students at the centre helped with the final projects of Research will focus on the mechanisms that allow people to acquire Dutch secondary school students and one of those projects – on and use shared knowledge during non-verbal communication as

2013 research report 75 Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging

Key publications

Albers, A.M., Kok, P., Toni, I., Dijkerman, Chris & Lange, F.P. de Lisman, J.E. & Jensen, O. (2013). The theta-gamma neural code. (2013). Shared Representations for Working Memory and Mental Neuron, 77, 1002-1016. Imagery in Early Visual Cortex. Current Biology, 23(15), 1427-1431. Ouden, H.E.M. den, Daw, N.D., Fernandez, G., Elshout, J.A., Barry, C. & Doeller, C.F. (2013). 3D Mapping in the Brain. Science, Rijpkema, M.J., Hoogman, M., Franke, B. & Cools, R. (2013). 340(6130), 279-280. Dissociable effects of dopamine and serotonin on reversal learning. Neuron, 80(4), 1090-100. Bašnáková, J., Weber, K.M., Petersson, K.M., van Berkum, J. & Hagoort, Peter (2013). Beyond the language given: The neural Smith, S.M., Beckmann, Christian, Andersson, J., Auerbach, E.J., correlates of inferring speaker meaning. Cerebral Cortex. Bijsterbosch, J., Douaud, G., Duff, E., Feinberg, D.A., Griffanti, L., Harms, M.P., Kelly, M., Laumann, T., Miller, K.L., Moeller, S., Boksem, M.A.S., Mehta, P.H., Bergh, B. van den, Son, V. van, Petersen, S., Power, J., Salimi-Khorshidi, G., Snyder, A.Z., Vu, A.T., Trautmann, S.T., Roelofs, K., Smidts, A. & Sanfey, Alan (2013). Woolrich, M.W., Xu, J., Yacoub, E., Ugurbil, K., Essen, D.C. Van & Testosterone inhibits trust but promotes reciprocity. Glasser, M.F. (2013). Resting-state fMRI in the Human Connectome Psychological Science, 24(11), 2306-2314. Project. Neuroimage, 80, 144-168.

Cole, D.M., Oei, N.Y., Soeter, R.P., Both, S., Gerven, J.M. van, Stolk, A., Verhagen, L., Schoffelen, J.M., Oostenveld, R., Blokpoel, Rombouts, S.A. & Beckmann, Christian (2013). Dopamine-dependent M., Hagoort, Peter, Van Rooij, I. & Toni, I. (2013). Neural mechanisms architecture of cortico-subcortical network connectivity. Cerebral of communicative innovation. Proceedings of the National Academy Cortex, 23(7), 1509-1516. of Sciences of the United States of America, 110(36), 14574-14579.

Hagoort, Peter (2013). MUC (Memory, Unification, Control) and Verhagen, L., Dijkerman, H.C., Medendorp, W.P. & Toni, I. (2013). beyond. Frontiers in Psychology, 4. Hierarchical organization of parietofrontal circuits during goal- directed action. Journal of Neuroscience, 33, 6492-6503. Kleinnijenhuis, D.H., Zerbi, V., Kusters, M.J.A.M., Slump, C.H., Barth, M. & Cappellen van Walsum, A.M. van (2013). Layer-specific Volman, I.A.C., Verhagen, L., Ouden, H.E.M. den, Fernandez, G.S.E., diffusion weighted imaging in human primary visual cortex in vitro. Rijpkema, M.J.P., Franke, B., Toni, I. & Roelofs, K. (2013). Reduced Cortex, 49(9), 2569-2582. serotonin transporter availability decreases prefrontal control of the amygdala. Journal of Neuroscience, 33(21), 8974-9. Kok, P., Brouwer, G.J., Gerven, M. van & Lange, F.P. de (2013). Prior expectations bias sensory representations in visual cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 33(41), 16275-16284. Dissertations: 21 Scientific publications: 145 Kroes, M.C.W., Tendolkar, I., Wingen, G.A. van, Waarde, J.A. van, Professional publications: 2 Strange, B.A. & Fernandez, G.S.E. (2013). An electroconvulsive Patents: 1 therapy procedure impairs reconsolidation of episodic memories in humans. Nature Neuroscience 17, 204-206.

well as how the control of communicative actions differs from Research is expanding, both by zooming in on the mechanisms of that of instrumental actions, both at the computational and at the visual expectation at the level of the cortical column, and zooming neuronal level. This research is co-funded with an NWO Vici grant. out to include interactions between motor, language and memory systems and perceptual experience (funded by a James McDonnell Assessments of the efficacy of psychopharmacological treatment Scholar Award). in psychiatry (an NWO Vidi project) will be extended to include the effects of motivational manipulations for enhancing cognition The way in which visual information is represented in the brain will (James McDonnell Scholar Award). be investigated as well as how visual representations are adjusted

76 radboud university nijmegen Director: Prof. David Norris Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Prof. Norris has been director of the Donders Donders Centre for Institute’s Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging since Cognitive Neuroimaging January 2009. In July 2001 he was appointed Principal Investigator of the research group MR Methods for Postal address Cognitive Neuroscience at the Donders Institute PO Box 9101 and in 2003 he became Professor of MR Physics for 6500 HB Nijmegen Cognitive Neuroscience at Radboud University The Netherlands Nijmegen. His research interests include improving fMRI techniques, very high resolution fMRI, diffusion Visiting address tensor imaging and resting-state connectivity. Prof. Kapittelweg 29 Norris is also one of the directors of the Erwin Hahn Nijmegen Institute in Essen and a member of the medical faculty at the University of Duisburg-Essen. T: +31 (0)24 361 06 51 F: +31 (0)24 361 06 52 E: [email protected] I: www.ru.nl/donders

to better serve behavioural demands. These and other issues are oscillations will be investigated using these techniques as well addressed using both theoretical modelling and experimental as cross-frequency analysis. This knowledge will be incorporated approaches, including functional brain imaging, neural decoding in realistic physiological neuronal network models. The research techniques and visual psychophysics. is co-funded by Veni, Vici and other NWO grants

Researchers will continue working on examining how social Researchers will continue to explore the use of simultaneous motivations such as trust, fairness and cooperation affect decision- multi-slice imaging, combined where necessary with low power making and will explore the relevance of these findings for social radiofrequency pulses. These will be applied to increase the policy. This research is funded by an ERC Starting Grant. sensitivity of MR angiography and to make T2 and diffusion- weighted imaging more efficient at high static magnetic field The role of primary defensive freeze-fight-flight reactions in strengths. This will partially be done in collaboration with developing psychopathology will be assessed in developmental Siemens. The development and application of layer-specific samples and in police officers at risk of developing post-traumatic fMRI will be continued and extended to the language network. stress symptoms. These research projects are funded by an ERC Starting Grant and an NWO Vici grant, respectively. New methods for characterizing the dynamics of functional anatomy and connectivity gradients in health and disease will be Research within the Plasticity and Memory theme developed, as will new techniques for functional fingerprinting, Researchers seek to understand the mechanisms of memory with the goal of defining more specific targets for biomarker develop- organization in the brain and test the overarching hypothesis that ment. This research is funded by the Wellcome Trust, NWO (Vidi), memories are stored in mnemonic networks. New studies will Marie Curie, ERC Synergy and NIH blueprint programmes. examine how these networks evolve, how they can be reconfigured and how they drive future decisions. This research is funded by an ERC Starting Grant and an NWO Vidi grant.

Brain, Networks and Neuronal Communication The role of oscillatory brain activity will be investigated using multimodal approaches that employ combinations of MEG, EEG, TMS and fMRI. In particular, the role of phase of the brain

2013 research report 77 Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Centre for Neuroscience

An artist’s impression of neural networks within the brain.

The researchers at the Donders Centre for In DI Theme 1, DCN researchers study the genetic – and thus Neuro­science aim to reveal biologically plausible the molecular – basis of neural processes that enable language capabilities. mechanistic accounts for neural processes at the brain system level that underlie processes such DCN Principal Investigator (PI) in theme 1 is Simon Fisher, as language, perception and cognitive control as a professor at the FNWI and director of the Max Planck well as long-term changes in neural structure and Institute for Psycholinguistics. function underlying development, adaptation Research in DI Theme 2 focuses on the neural processes underlying and memory. This fundamental research is closely perception, action and control within three focus areas: (a) Percep- related to clinical and technological applications. tion – the neural underpinnings of visual and auditory perception in relation to developmental and acquired hearing impairments and impairment of vision. (b) Action – the basic and cognitive The Donders Centre for Neuroscience (DCN) was founded in 2008 determinants of motor action as they are impaired in movement as part of the Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour and muscle disorders. (c) Control – the mechanisms enabling (DI). It includes all of the neuroscience activities at the Faculty of on-going control of behaviour and emotion (in relation to disorders Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Informatics (FNWI) as well as such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). at the Radboudumc. Within DCN research is organized along the lines of the four Donders themes. DI Theme 3 focuses on the mechanistic underpinnings and behavioural consequences of long-term changes in neural structure and function. Here, too, are three focus areas: (a) Development – the study of the determinants, mechanisms and consequences

78 radboud university nijmegen Staff

Prof. B.R. Bloem (o) Prof. B.W.M.M. Peeters (e) Prof. J.H.L.M. van Bokhoven (o) Prof. B. Roozendaal (o) of normal and abnormal neurodevelopment, with a strong transla- Prof. J.K. Buitelaar (o) Prof. D.J. Ruiter (p) tional drive towards intellectual disability and autism. (b) Adapta- Prof. T. Celikel (o) Prof. G.J. Scheffer (o) tion – the study of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying Prof. A.R. Cools (o) Prof. A.F.M. Snik (o) responses to environmental challenges which may lead to stress- Prof. R. Cools (o) Prof. D.F. Stegeman (p) related mental disorders such as mood and anxiety disorders. Prof. J.E.J. Duysens (o) Prof. I. Tendolkar (o) (c) Memory – focusing on the neural and psychological mechan­ Prof. R. van Ee (e) Prof. P.H.E. Tiesinga (o) isms underlying memory and disorders relating to memory Prof. B.G.M. van Engelen (o) Prof. K.C.P. Vissers (o) impairments such as Alzheimer. Prof. G.S.E. Fernandez (o) Prof. M.J.P. Wensing (o) Prof. S.E. Fisher (e) Prof. R.A. Wevers (o) DI Theme 4 research focuses on brain networks and neuronal Prof. B. Franke (o) Prof. M.A.A.P. Willemsen (o) communication in order to reveal the fundamental principles Prof. P. Fries (e) of how local circuits compute in the brain. Both the role of spike Prof. A.C.H. Geurts (o) Tenured timing and neural oscillations in selective attention are studied. Prof. C.C.A.M. Gielen (o) Full Professors 13.8 FTE Innovative experimental techniques applied together with Prof. P.P.G. Hodiamont (o) Associate Professors 10.4 FTE computational models and mathematical analyses. Moreover, Prof. O. Jensen (o) Assistant Professors 20.6 FTE theoretical principles of reasoning and acting in noisy and Prof. H.J. Kappen (p) Researchers 13.6 FTE uncertain environments are formulated and investigated and, Prof. R.P.C. Kessels (o) using optimal control techniques. Prof. T.L. Kozicz (o) Non-tenured Prof. J.M.J. Kremer (o) Researchers 79.3 FTE Research facilities Prof. M.M.Y. Lammens (o) Doctoral candidates 99.9 FTE The Clinical Neuroscience Unit (CNU) provides an interactive Prof. H.A.M. Marres (o) and efficient use of the available expertise and instrumentation Prof. G.J.M. Martens (o) Research funding for clinical investigators. It facilitates research that involves the Prof. M.W.G. Nijhuis - van der assessment of brain function and structure as well as interventions Sanden (o) designed to influence brain function in order to improve the diag- Prof. D.G. Norris (p) nosis and treatment of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Prof. M.G.M. Olde Rikkert (o) Prof. A. van Oosterom (o) The Translational Neuroscience Unit (TNU) is a preclinical tech­ Prof. A.J. van Opstal (o) nology platform that is devoted to in-vivo and in-vitro neuro- Prof. A.J. van Opstal (p) sciences, focusing on a system-level approach to understand Prof. G.W.A.M. Padberg (o) Core Grants Contracts brain-based diseases. TNU provides behavioural researchers with state-of-the-art equipment as well as invasive measurements and manipulations, including optogenetics, microdialysis, multi-unit- recordings, and highly sensitive biosensors. TNU bridges funda­ working either as a coordinator or as a participant in large EU mental and clinical research by linking molecular, neuroimaging research consortia. These are: and clinical research. • Healthpac (Perception and Action in Health and Disease) – a European integrative doctoral programme (IDP) that unites Researchers working in the Neurophysics Unit (NPU) carry out research institutes in Zürich, London, and the Netherlands with model-inspired experimental, neurotechnological and neuro­ seven European companies. DCN PI John van Opstal leads this computational research, comprising Biophysics, Neuroinformatics, consortium. Neurophysiology, Machine learning and they run the Donders • Aggressotype – a large EU-funded project on pathological aggression Hearing & Implant Lab of Otolaryngology. The group has technical in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity support staff, human psychophysics setups, and a state-of-the-art disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder (CD). It brings together monkey electrophysiological facility. 23 academic and private sector partners from 11 countries. DCN PI Barbara Franke coordinates this project. Collaboration • Matrics – a large EU-funded consortium that brings together 19 The DCN collaborates both nationally and internationally with European academic and industrial partners and interacts with partners who have complementary expertise and with whom the Aggressotype consortium. DCN junior PI Jeffrey Glennon there is the potential for synergy. In the years ahead, the DCN coordinates this consortium. will leverage its European contacts to tackle some of the ‘grand • DCN will contribute its knowledge and expertise in neuro­ challenges’ outlined in the new European research agenda Horizon informatics to The Human Brain Project which was selected by 2020. In 2013 many new grants were awarded to DCN researchers the EU as one of two flagship projects.

2013 research report 79 Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Centre for Neuroscience

Research results Polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with a range of psychiatric In 2013 the€€27.6 million Gravitation Programme ‘Language in disorders. In particular, variations in calcium-channel activity Interaction’ was officially launched. genes seem to have pleiotropic effects on psychopathology. The group led by Prof. Van Bokhoven (Molecular neurogenetics) Theme 1 – Language and Communication published several papers on their findings on the role and Prof. Fisher’s group (Neurogenetics of speech and language) mechanism of epigenetic modifications (posttranslational histone revealed that targets directly regulated by the FOXP2 gene have modifications) in development, neurodevelopment and memory been subject to Darwinian selection in recent human evolution. formation. These findings are intriguing, given that FOXP2 mutations have Adaptation: been shown to play a role in speech and language disorders, and The group led by Prof. Fernández (Memory and emotion) found that the gene itself shows evidence of adaptive evolution. that even early in the course of depression, brain regions involved in mood regulation show trait-related differences in cortical thick- Theme 2 – Perception, Action and Control ness in the paralimbic cortex, which is involved in mood regulation. Perception: Prof. Roozendaal and co-workers (Behavioural neuroscience) showed The group led by Prof. van Opstal (Auditory system, gaze control that the effects of cannabinoids on memory are in part mediated & executive functions) found that the growth of ears (auricles) by their effect on the HPA axis and herefore depend significantly that occurs with age is related to sound localization and plasticity. on the arousal state of the individual. The group led by Prof. Van Wezel (Visual neurophysiology) showed that fMRI resting state fluctuations in the visual cortex may be a Theme 4 - Brain Networks and Neuronal Communication composite signal of different overlapping sources. The group led by Prof. Celikel (Neurophysiology) showed that Action: one of the signalling proteins involved in cell-to-cell interaction Prof. Bas Bloem and colleagues (Neurological movement disorders) is a key regulator of cognitive decline in aging. found evidence that postural responses to backward and forward Prof. Tiesinga and his colleagues (Neuroinformatics) proposed perturbations may be processed by different neural circuits, com- a new network connectivity structure that ensures that cortical bined with the influence of startle pathways on postural responses networks are both stable (not leading to epileptic seizures) and to backward perturbations. These findings may explain the promi- sensitive (detectable). Together with Prof. De Weerd (University nent backward instability seen in patients with Parkinson’s disease. of Maastricht) he developed a model to investigate how two brain Control: areas in the visual cortex could communicate with each other The group led by Prof. Buitelaar (Developmental neuropsychiatry) using oscillatory neural activity. despite a strongly fluctuating showed that EEG neurofeedback treatment for children with ADHD frequency. The group led by Prof. Kappen (Machine learning) has failed to improve clinical symptoms and cognitive functioning. found a novel method for detecting missing heritability in This finding challenges claims about the efficacy of EEG neuro­ genetic data using Gaussian Processes and sequential Monte feedback, and questions the reimbursement of EEG neurofeedback Carlo methods. As a result, they revealed for the first time most by health insurance companies. The group led by Prof. Verkes missing heritability in 46 yeast data sets. Prof. Francesco Battaglia (Disorders in the regulation of impulses and aggression) found and co-workers (Neuronal networks of memory) showed that the evidence for gene-environment interaction in alcohol dependence. effective network structure that is induced by experience-related Individuals that carry a low-activity Met allele have a higher risk activity is mirrored in the subsequent sleep period. of developing severe alcohol dependence than individuals who are homozygous for the Val allele. Awards and acknowledgements • Piray Atsak won a EBBS (European Brain and Behaviour Society) Theme 3 – Plasticity and Memory Young Investigator award. Memory: • The Radboud Science Award 2013 went to Hans van Bokhoven The group led by Prof. Olde Rikkert showed that cognitive function and Arjan de Brouwer. in elderly people with memory complaints can be reliably assessed • Christian Döller was awarded an NWO Vidi grant for his with serious games, either in the hospital or at home. Prof. Marcel research proposal ‘Mapping the memory landscape’. Verbeek and his colleagues (Neurochemistry of neurodegeneration) • Erno Hermans and co-authors were awarded the Editors’ Choice identified novel miRNAs as biomarkers for Alzheimer disease and Award of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping. identification of practical limitations to the quantification of • Barbara Franke received an NWO Vici grant for her proposal miRNAs in CSF. ‘Fruit flies for ADHD research’. She also received the University’s Development: Hermesdorf Award in the category ‘International’ for the media The group led by Prof. Franke (Genetics of Brain Function and coverage of her research in 2012. (Psychiatric) Malfunction) showed that specific Single Nucleotide

80 radboud university nijmegen Dr Christian Döller (Associate Professor of Neuroinformatics) received an NWO Vidi grant for his project ‘A memory map in the brain’. Memories constitute the core of our personality. However, the way memory works in the brain is not well understood. In his project Dr Döller will test – using ‘brain reading’ techniques – his hypothesis that memories are not isolated, but organized in networks.

• The Young scientist award from the European Stroke Conference ‘cold case’ of Marianne Vaatstra, which led to the identification went to Ellen van der Holst. of the perpetrator. • Carla Scholzel Dorenbosch was awarded the Quality of life in • The group led by Prof. Bokhoven explained the genetic defects in dementia-award. dystroglycanopathies in an article in the ‘Prinses Beatrixfonds • Richard van Wezel was granted a NUTS/Ohra fund. Spierkrant’. • Marjolein Willemsen received the Isabelle Oberlé Award for her • The group led by Dr. De Leeuw participated in a public awareness outstanding presentation on intellectual disability. campaign about risk factors for stroke. • The research by the group led by Prof. Fernández on how Societal impact emotional memories might be deleted generated media attention Brain research generates substantial societal interest, underscoring around the globe, including the front page of the Wall Street the importance of neuroscience-related research. Activities that are Journal,NRC, BBC, Time Magazineand the Times. designed to increase the societal impact of DCN research target a • Prof. Franke spoke about dyslexia and the influence of genes on wide variety of stakeholders, including clinics, patients and patient the functioning of the brain on the ‘Hersenstichting Publieksdag’. organizations (newsletters and magazines), high-school students • Neuropsychiatrist Prof. Verkes participated as an expert in con- (Master classes), the general public (open days), the media (TV, ferences on criminal law, forensic psychiatry and forensic care. newspapers and news sites), companies (R&D cooperation, development of new technology), third parties (NFU; Dutch Clinical applications and other notable developments: federation of academic medical centres), court, GGZ • The swallowing studies carried out by the Department of (Geestelijke GezondheidsZorg) and peers. Rehabilitation with patients with neuromuscular disorders resulted in adjustments of international protocols for A selection of these activities are listed below: standards of care for these patients. • Prof. Buitelaar participated in a public debate on classification • Prof. Olde Rikkert and his colleagues developed an Aging in psychiatry, and its ethical and societal implications in the Monitor-Cognitive assessment BAMCOG, which is used to philosophical café in Utrecht; assess cognitive functioning in aging employees. • Dr. Den Ouden received a great deal of media attention (radio, • Prof. Celikel’s group developed a wireless photostimulator for TV, magazines) for her finding that serotonin and dopamine remote neural control, a robotic animal trainer, and novel algo- linked-genes influence how we base our choices on past punish- rithms to study structures from functional images of the brain. ments or rewards, and that this impact depends on which gene • The group led by Prof. Stegeman developed a highly accurate variant is inherited from parents. Finite Element Model (FEM) for predicting transcranial direct • Prof. Geurts gave several courses on neuro-rehabilitation to current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimula- allied health professionals organized by the Dutch Paramedic tion (TMS) currents in brain structures. Institute (NPI). • A patent was registered by a public-private consortium including • Prof. Roozendaal was featured in NTR Clipphanger ‘Wat is Prof. Fernández: Protein hydrolysates as agents for overcoming adrenaline’ and in VPRO-NTR Labyrint-TV ‘Het gestresste addiction (European Patent Office: 12717282.3-1456, 26.04.2012). geheugen’. • The researchers in the group led by Prof. Verbeek developed an • The Kappen group gained a lot of attention due to the application algorithm for estimating the risk of Alzheimer based on of their successful Bonaparte software tool in the 13-year-old cerebrospinal fluid investigations.

2013 research report 81 Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Centre for Neuroscience

Key publications

Barry, C. & Doeller, C.F. (2013). 3D Mapping in the Brain. Science, Olde Rikkert, M.G.M. & Melis, R.J. (2013). Nonagenarians challenge 340(6130), 279-280. predictions of cognitive decline. Lancet, 382(9903), 1473-4.

Borra, T., Versnel, H., Kemner, C., Opstal, A.J. van & Ee, R. van (2013). Ouden, H.E.M. den, Daw, N.D., Fernandez, G., Elshout, J.A., Rijpkema, Octave effect in auditory attention. Proceedings of the National M.J., Hoogman, M., Franke, B. & Cools, R. (2013). Dissociable effects Academy of Science of the United States of America, 110(38), 15225- of dopamine and serotonin on reversal learning. Neuron, 80(4), 15230. 1090-100.

Campolongo, P., Morena, M., Scaccianoce, S., Trezza, V., Chiarotti, F., Roberts, M.J., Lowet, E.P., Brunet, N.M.J.J.C., Wal, M. van de, Tiesinga, Schelling, G., Cuomo, V. & Roozendaal, B. (2013). Novelty-induced P.H.E., Fries, P. & Weerd, P. de (2013). Robust Gamma Coherence emotional arousal modulates cannabinoid effects on recognition between Macaque V1 and V2 by Dynamic Frequency Matching. memory and adrenocortical activity. Neuropsychopharmacology, Neuron, 78(3), 523-536. 38(7), 1276-86. Schellekens, A.F.A., Franke, B., Ellenbroek, B.A., Cools, A.R., Jong, Eijndhoven, P. van, Wingen, G. van, Katzenbauer, M., Groen, W., C.A.J. de, Buitelaar, J.K. & Verkes, R.J. (2013). COMT Val158Met Tepest, R., Fernandez, G., Buitelaar, J. & Tendolkar, I. (2013). modulates the effect of childhood adverse experiences on the risk Paralimbic cortical thickness in first-episode depression: evidence of alcohol dependence. Addiction Biology, 18(2), 344-356. for trait-related differences in mood regulation. American Journal of Psychiatry, 170(12), 1477-86. Seib, D.R., Corsini, N.S., Ellwanger, K., Plaas, C., Mateos, A., Pitzer, C., Niehrs, C., Celikel, T. & Martin-Villalba, A. (2013). Loss of Dickkopf-1 Fisher, S.E. & Ridley, M. (2013). Culture, Genes, and the Human restores neurogenesis in old age and counteracts cognitive decline. Revolution. Science, 340(6135), 929-930. Cell Stem Cell, 12(2), 204-14.

Rutten-Jacobs, L.C.A., Arntz, R.M., Maaijwee, N.A.M.M., Smoller, J.W., Craddock, N., Kendler, K., Lee, P.H., Neale, B.M., Schoonderwaldt, H.C., Dorresteijn, L.D.A., Dijk, E.J. van & Leeuw, F.E. Nurnberger, J.I., Ripke, S., Santangelo, S., Sullivan, P.F., Buitelaar, de (2013). Long-term mortality after stroke among adults aged 18 to J.K., Franke, B. & et. al., . (2013). Identification of risk loci with shared 50 years. JAMA-Journal of the American Medical Association, 309(11), effects on five major psychiatric disorders: a genome-wide analysis. 1136-44. Lancet, 381(9875), 1371-9.

Jae, L.T., Raaben, M., Riemersma, M., Beusekom, E. van, Blomen, Spies, P.E., Claassen, J.A.H.R., Peer, P.G.M., Blankenstein, M.A., V.A., Velds, A., Kerkhoven, R.M., Carette, J.E., Topaloglu, H., Teunissen, C.E., Scheltens, P., Flier, W.M. van der, Olde Rikkert, Meinecke, P., Wessels, M.W., Lefeber, D.J., Whelan, S.P., Bokhoven, M.G.M. & Verbeek, M.M. (2013). A prediction model to calculate H. van & Brummelkamp, T.R. (2013). Deciphering the glycosylome probability of Alzheimer’s disease using cerebrospinal fluid of dystroglycanopathies using haploid screens for lassa virus entry. biomarkers. Alzheimers & Dementia, 9(3), 262-8. Science, 340(6131), 479-83. Torres, J.J. & Kappen, H.J. (2013). Emerging phenomena in Janssen, A.M., Rampersad, S.M., Lucka, F., Lanfer, B., Lew, S., Aydin, neural networks with dynamic synapses and their computational U., Wolters, C.H., Stegeman, D.F. & Oostendorp, T.F. (2013). The implications. Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience, 7(30), 1-13. influence of sulcus width on simulated electric fields induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Physics in Medicine and Biology, Voet, N.B.M., Kooi, E.L. van der, Riphagen, I.I., Lindeman, E., 58(14), 4881-96. Engelen, B.G.M. van & Geurts, A.C.H. (2013). Strength training and aerobic exercise training for muscle disease. Cochrane Database Kleinnijenhuis, D.H., Zerbi, V., Kusters, M.J.A.M., Slump, C.H., of Systematic Reviews, 7, CD003907. Barth, M. & Cappellen van Walsum, A.M. van (2013). Layer-specific diffusion weighted imaging in human primary visual cortex in vitro. Cortex, 49(9), 2569-2582. Dissertations: 45 Scientific publications: 795 Nonnekes, J.H., Scotti, A., Oude Nijhuis, L.B., Smulders, K., Queralt, Professional publications: 2 A., Geurts, A.C.H., Bloem, B.R. & Weerdesteijn, V.G.M. (2013). Are postural responses to backward and forward perturbations processed by different neural circuits? Neuroscience, 245, 109-20.

82 radboud university nijmegen Director: Prof. Paul Tiesinga Director: Prof. Guillén Fernández Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Paul Tiesinga has Guillén Fernández trained as Centre for Neuroscience been Professor of a neurologist and cognitive Neuroinformatics neuroscientist in Bonn, Postal address: at the Faculty of Magdeburg, and Stanford PO Box 910, h.p. 126 Science since 2009. before becoming a founding 6500 HB Nijmegen He is an expert in Principal Investigator at the The Netherlands constructing models Donders Center for Cognitive of the visual cortex, Neuroimaging in 2002. Since Visiting address: which he uses to then, he became a professor Geert Grooteplein 21 study mechanisms for (in 2006), head of the Nijmegen attention and stimulus selection and to Cognitive Neuroscience department (in 2010) and develop experimental tests of these director of the Donders Center for Neuroscience T: +31 (0)24 361 43 86 mech­anisms, using optogenetics techniques. (also in 2010). In his research on human cognitive F: +31 (0)24 354 14 35 He also develops methods for analysing neuroscience, he specializes in the cerebral basis E: [email protected] neuroscientific data in order to extract neural of memory, emotion and the way they interact. I: www.ru.nl/neuroscience correlates of cognitive processes and to He received an Advanced Investi­gator Grant from develop biomarkers for psychiatric diseases. the European Research Council (in 2010).

Future research Clinical neuroscience Causal neuroscience The long-term goal is to understand the pathophysiological The brain is functionally structured at multiple levels, from local processes underlying neurological symptoms and mental disorders. microcircuits of a few hundred neurons to brain networks that This will enable (or improve) personalized care involving causative involve billions of neurons. Causal neuroscience uses experimental treatment and prediction of vulnerability. Neurocognitive and and data analytic tools to establish causal relationships between pharmacological research will enhance our understanding of the (micro)circuit changes and behaviour. Optogenetics disrupt these effect of psychotropic drugs and brain stimulation on social circuits by activating or inactivating specific cell types. DCN behaviour. The use of neuroimaging techniques, animal models researchers will combine this “circuit–interrogation” with closed- and genetics will lead to a better understanding of the involvement loop stimulation using robotics and behavioural experiments. They of HPA-axis reactivity and the role of various neurotransmitter also incorporate machine learning, databasing and model building systems. approaches in order to draw quantitative conclusions. Translational neuroscience Applied neuroscience Due to its complexity and the limits posed in research with humans, In order to help hearing-impaired patients, novel psychophysical diseases of the brain can only be understood by taking a translational techniques will be combined with NIRS-EEG imaging, advanced system-level approach. It is therefore a long-term goal to integrate data acquisition and analysis algorithms to optimise hearing devices in-vivo behavioural research using invasive electrophysiological, on an individual basis. In addition, novel learning paradigms will genetic, optogenetic and neurochemical measurements as well be developed as treatment strategies for sensory impairments with as in-vitro cellular and molecular techniques. Ultimately this will a central-nervous-system origin. Behavioural psychophysics (eye- enable transfer of the results of molecular, electrophysiological, hand and eye-head motor control, vestibular control) will be used behavioural and imaging work in animals to human behavioural to discover and characterize early markers for neurocognitive and neuroimaging research. Vice versa, it will enable the targeted and neurodegenerative disorders. use of animal models to help understand the function of genes and brain mechanisms revealed in human studies.

2013 research report 83 Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Diseases

Cysts in liver tissue made visible using fluorescence techniques: cell membranes (green) and cell nuclei (purple).

At the Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research themes (IGMD) scientists working in a range of disciplines are engaged in research on rare genetic and Functional imaging Functional imaging and monitoring is of vital importance for metabolic diseases, using a molecule-to-man-to- diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Researchers working within population-and-back-to-man approach. this theme develop and clinically evaluate innovative, non-invasive functional imaging and monitoring techniques such as 2D and 3D echography, NMR spectroscopy, Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Within the Institute’s nine inter-related research themes, radioisotope imaging (PET and SPECT). The aim is to achieve timely fundamental, applied and clinical researchers work closely detection of tissue damage in patients with cardiac, cerebral, liver, together to answer specific, patient-related research questions vascular and pancreatic disorders. that are designed to reduce the incidence of mortality, as well as the severity and duration of morbidity resulting from genetic Molecular gastro-enterology and hepatology and metabolic diseases. The intention is to elucidate the Researchers working within this theme focus mainly on polycystic pathophysiology of specific diseases, design novel diagnostic liver disease (PCLD), an autosomal dominant rare disorder, providing methods, develop innovative forms of treatment and enhance a unique opportunity to study human cystogenesis. The aim of this the effectiveness of personalized medicine. translational programme is to investigate key intracellular signalling pathways in PCLD in order to find potential therapeutic targets that can be tested in clinical trials. A second research line involves preventing complications associated with severe intestinal failure.

84 radboud university nijmegen Genomic disorders and inherited multi-system disorder Staff Genetic factors are important in most human diseases and traits. Prof. C.G.J. Sweep (o) This group focuses on finding such genes in order to improve patient Prof. R.J.M. Bindels (o) Prof. D.W. Swinkels (p) care. Topics include intellectual disability, congenital abnormalities, Prof. U. Brandt (o) Prof. C.J.J. Tack (e) psychiatric disorders, brain development and individual responses Prof. H.G. Brunner (o) Prof. R.A. Wevers (o) to treatment due to pharmacogenetic factors. Prof. C.E.L. Carels (o) Prof. B. Wieringa (o) Prof. P.M.T. Deen (o) Prof. J.L. Willems (o) Glycosylation disorders Prof. J.M.A. van Deursen (o) This research focuses on the complex biosynthetic and catabolic Prof. J.P.H. Drenth (o) pathways of glycans in health and disease, with an emphasis on Prof. W.F.J. Feitz (o) Tenured Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG). In parallel with Prof. B. Franke (o) Full Professors 15.3 FTE developing novel analytic techniques, the research group applies Prof. M. Gotthardt (o) Associate Professors 9.3 FTE a wide range of biochemical, genetic and cell biological methods Prof. J. de Graaf (o) Assistant Professors 16.7 FTE to identify new disease entities, improve current diagnostics and Prof. A.R.M.M. Hermus (o) Researchers 19.7 FTE better understand pathophysiological mechanisms – all aspects Prof. L.P.W.J. van den Heuvel (o) that are crucial for future therapeutic strategies. Prof. J.G.J. Hoenderop (o) Non-tenured Prof. M.T.E. Hopman (o) Researchers 64.2 FTE Healthy ageing / healthy living Prof. C.B. Hoyng (o) Doctoral candidates 59.7 FTE Understanding the process of healthy ageing as well as the role Prof. M.A. Huijnen (o) of exercise and activity in senescence are the main topics of this Prof. J.E.E. Keunen (o) Research funding research programme, which covers human in-vivo approaches down Prof. A.L.M. Lagro - Janssen (o) to the genetic level. The metabolic syndrome is one of the major Prof. M.M.Y. Lammens (o) focuses of researchers working in this programme. Risk factors that Prof. B.L. Loeys (o) contribute to the metabolic syndrome such as dyslipidemia, hyper- Prof. F.K. Lotgering (o) tension and insulin sensitivity are studied both separately and Prof. C. Noordam (o) combined (in patients with multiple risk factors). Prof. P. Pickkers (o) Prof. F.G.M. Russel (o) Hormonal regulation Prof. J.A.M. Smeitink (o) Core Grants Contracts Research within this theme focuses on patient care and research Prof. J.N. Spelbrink (o) on adrenal diseases. This work takes place in the recently estab- Prof. A.F.H. Stalenhoef (o) lished Radboud Adrenal Centre (RAC), a centre of expertise for the diagnosis and treatment of adults and children with adrenal diseases. The four main areas of interest are hyper/hypocortisolism, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, pheochromocytoma and primary the role that mitochondria play in the normal process of ageing aldosteronism. as well as in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson.

Iron metabolism Renal disorders The focus of this theme is on identifying and characterizing novel Within this theme the regulation of the physiological development factors that might mediate the dysregulation of iron homeostasis of the kidney is studied in order to better understand the patho- in some of the world’s most prevalent diseases, including anaemias, genesis of acquired and inherited kidney disorders. The aim is to rheumatic diseases, haemochromatosis, bacterial and malarial be able to diagnose and ultimately cure or prevent them. Research infections, cardiovascular disease and hepatic iron overload, hepatitis projects are carried out at the genetic (gene defects, polymorphisms), C and the metabolic syndrome. The iron regulatory hormone peptide the molecular (transport proteins), and the cellular (glomerular hepcidin is currently the subject of several translational studies. and epithelial cells) level. The results of fundamental and clinical research are integrated. Mitochondrial medicine The aim of research is to develop new forms of treatment for Research facilities diseases and adverse-health conditions in which mitochondrial The effectiveness of IGMD research – and improved patient care – energy capacity is reduced. Defects of the human oxidative phos- depends on an excellent laboratory infrastructure. State-of-the-art phorylation system are among the most frequently encountered technology platforms are at the heart of this infrastructure, offering inborn errors of metabolism and studying patients with these unique research opportunities. The core components of the Institute devastating disorders has revealed important information about are the clinical departments Paediatrics, Nuclear Medicine,

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Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Human Genetics, Neurology, • Prof. O. Devuyst, University of Zurich, Switzerland (EU grant) Physiology, General Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Cell biology • Dr D. Miller, National Institute of Environmental Health and Pharmaco-toxicology, which provide access to patients and Sciences, Durham, USA. clinical material and each have dedicated research laboratories. In addition there are laboratories for Clinical Pharmacy as well Research results as Genetic, Endocrine and Metabolic diseases. Many new research results were published in high ranking scientific journals. A selection is presented below. The Radboudumc has several technology platforms which are available for its researchers (see: www.ncmls.eu/technology- Using a combination of enzymatic testing and whole exome sequence platform) including the Animal Facility, the Radboudumc Biobank, analysis, Dr R. Rodenburg, Prof. J. Smeitink and colleagues reveal the the Microscopic Imaging Centre, Micro-array Facility Nijmegen, underlying genetic defect of two siblings with fatal neonatal mito- the Nijmegen Proteomics Facility, the Centre for Molecular and chondrial encephalopathy: a heterozygous mutation in the ATP5A1 Biomolecular Informatics (CMBI), the Clinical Research Centres gene resulting in complex V deficiency. This study demonstrates the Nijmegen (children and adults), and the GMP facility. In 2013 all importance of functional studies in the diagnostic work-up of mito- of these technology platforms were evaluated and the Radboudumc chondrial patients, in order to guide genetic variant prioritization Board of Directors has set goals for 2014 including optimisation of and validate gene defects. the Radboudumc research infrastructure. This will result in a well- balanced range of technology platforms that are 1) of excellent Dr A. Bouwer, together with others in the Genomics group, applied quality, perfectly meeting research needs, 2) more visible and acces- whole exome sequencing in order to identify mutations in MED12 sible to researchers at the Radboudumc, external researchers and as the cause of the X-linked Ohdo syndrome, a heterogeneous group business partners, and 3) more efficiently and effectively managed of disorders characterized by intellectual disability. Together with as part of University-wide research facilities. other recent data, these findings suggest that aberrant chromatin modification is central to the pathogenesis of Ohdo syndrome. Collaboration Researchers at IGMD are involved in a wide range of regional, Dr E. Morava, Dr D. Lefeber and colleagues performed a thorough national and international networks, collaborating with groups genetic and biochemical analysis on a patient with intellectual at many national and international universities, research disability and bleeding diathesis. They confirmed an autosomal institutes and companies. The reasons for collaboration include recessive, generalized sialylation defect due to mutations in complementing strengths, creating synergy, recruiting talent and SLC35A1, underlining the importance of sialylation for normal enhancing earning capacity in (EU) consortium grants. A few CNS development and regular organ function. examples are: • Dr M. Doyley, University of Rochester, New York, USA Several major results were obtained in 2013 by investigators (NWO and NIH grant) working in the Department of Ophthalmology. Dr A. den • Prof. P. Nuutila, University of Turku, Finland (EU grant) Hollander and colleagues revealed that a functional variant in the • Prof. J. Banales, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain CFI gene confers a high risk of age-related macular degeneration (Zambon finance) (AMD). With these findings they show that rare, highly penetrant • Prof. V. Torres, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA (Novartis finance) mutations contribute to the genetic burden of AMD. A second • Prof. X. Estivill, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona, study carried out by this group demonstrates that mutations in Spain (EU grant) RAB28 – encoding a farnesylated small GTPase – are associated • Prof. B. Kirchhof, University of Cologne, Germany with autosomal-recessive cone-rod dystrophy, revealing a crucial • Prof. G. Matthijs, University of Leuven, Belgium role for RAB28 in photoreceptor function and suggesting that • Prof. R Gerardy-Schahn, Hannover Medical School, Germany mutations in other Rab proteins may also be associated with retinal • Prof. B. Levine, IEEM’s Environmental Physiology dystrophies. Prof. F. Cremers and Dr R. Collin show that ZNF408 Laboratory,Dallas, USA (NIH grant) is mutated in familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, a disorder which • Prof. T. Cable ,John Moores University, Liverpool, UK (EU grant) can result in severe visual impairment and is crucial for the develop- • Prof. G. Eisenhofer, University of Dresden, Germany (EU grant) ment of zebra fish retinal vasculature. • Prof. M.Schmitt, Technical University of Munich, Germany (EU grant) Major comments and reviews were published in high-impact • Prof. G. Weiss, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (EU grant) journals, including the New England Journal of Medicine, • Prof. D. Turnbull, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, Nature Reviews Neurology, (EU grant) Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Current Opinion • Prof. M. Zeviani, MRC Cambridge, UK (EU grant) in Genetics & Development and The EMBO Journal.

86 radboud university nijmegen Prof. Joost Drenth (Professor of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology) was elected as the new chairman of the National Society Committee of the United European Gastroenterology Federation (UEG). One of his publications in 2013 in the New England Journal of Medicine was entitled ‘HCV treatment – no more room for interferonologists?’ NEJM, 368(20), 1931-2.

Awards Dr J. Veltman received the ‘ZonMw Parel’ from the Netherlands Prof. H. Brunner was elected to the Royal Netherlands Academy of Organisation for Health Research and Development for his Arts and Sciences and honoured with the highly prestigious Knight research on ‘Human genomic disorders and genomic architecture’. of the Order of the Dutch Lion for his service to medical research and the discovery of the genetic causes of over fifty rare syndromes. Several young IGMD researchers received Young Investigator awards and poster prizes from FEBS, EMBO and the American Prof. J. Smeitink was elected as a member of the Academia Europeae Association of Pharmaceutical Sciences. and Advisory Board Member of the MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit in Cambridge, UK. The Finnish Research Council for Health Societal impact nominated Prof. Smeitink as a scientific advisory board member at On an individual basis Genetic and Metabolic diseases are the Centre of Excellence in Research on Mitochondria, Metabolism considered to be rare diseases, although as a group they represent and Disease, which is led by Prof. Howard Jacobs. a substantial health burden. Research within IGMD is designed to reduce the incidence of mortality, as well as the severity and In 2013 three IGMD investigators were awarded the highly duration of morbidity resulting from these diseases and to raise prestigious Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research political and public awareness about the need to develop adequate (NWO) Vici grant, which is worth €1.5 million. Prof. B. Franke treatments, which are, in most cases, not yet available. Members will use the grant to investigate the biological causes of ADHD of the IGMD therefore participate in a number of governmental through genetic research on fruit flies in combination with MRI advisory boards, including the Dutch Health Council, as well as scans of the human brain. Prof. J. Hoenderop will study the genetic in numerous national and international patient organizations. aetiology and underlying pathophysiology of rare and acquired They frequently promote research at meetings involving the general disorders in order to reveal physiological and pathophysiological public as well as at conferences and other forums. The Institute processes related to Mg2+ in the human body and develop new actively encourages collaboration between pharmaceutical therapies. The aim of Dr R. Roepman’s project is to explain the companies and academia. processes of ciliary signal transduction and the causes of ciliopathies, with the ultimate goal of developing antagonizing Several clinic studies were performed, the outcomes of which have drugs that can be used to treat this group of severe diseases. direct implication for clinical practice. Prof. C. Tack, Dr B. de Galan and colleagues described the phenomenon of patients with type 1 Two investigators were awarded prestigious NWO Vidi grants. diabetes exhibiting altered cerebral metabolism during hypo­ Dr D. Lefeber aims to unravel the regulatory pathways that supply glycaemia, indicating that the brains of these patients are better the sugar building blocks for membrane-bound dystroglycan able to endure moderate hypoglycaemia. Prof. J. Drenth and glycosylation in muscle, brain and eye. Defects in this glycosylation colleagues performed a randomized controlled trial indicating that process result in severe disorders such as muscular dystrophies, and Everolimus does not further reduce polycystic liver volume when new insights will make it possible to identify therapeutic targets. added to long acting octreotide. Diagnostic exome sequencing Dr R. Stienstra will investigate whether a problem in cleaning up has been implemented in daily clinical practice for several genetic old fat cells causes inflammation in adipose tissue, which disorders, such as inherited blindness, deafness, mitochondrial subsequently leads to the development of diabetes. disorders and intellectual disability.

2013 research report 87 Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Diseases

Key publications

Chrispijn, M., Gevers, T.J.G., Hol, J.C., Monshouwer, R., Dekker, H.M. & Morava, E. & Kozicz, T.L. (2013). Mitochondria and the economy Drenth, J.P.H. (2013). Everolimus does not further reduce polycystic of stress (mal)adaptation. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, liver volume when added to long acting octreotide: Results from a 37(4), 668-80. randomized controlled trial. Journal of Hepatology, 59(1), 153-9. Pfeffer, G., Horvath, R., Klopstock, T., Mootha, V.K., Suomalainen, Collin, R.W.J., Nikopoulos, K., Dona, M.A., Gilissen, C.F.H.A., A., Koene, S., Hirano, M., Zeviani, M., Bindoff, L.A., Yu-Wai-Man, P., Hoischen, A., Boonstra, F.N., Poulter, J.A., Kondo, H., Berger, W., Hanna, M., Carelli, V., McFarland, R., Majamaa, K., Turnbull, D.M., Toomes, C., Tahira, T., Mohn, L.R., Blokland, E.A.W., Hetterschijt, Smeitink, J. & Chinnery, P.F. (2013). New treatments for mito­ L., Ali, M., Groothuismink, J.M., Duijkers, L.E.M., Inglehearn, C.F., chondrial disease-no time to drop our standards. Nature Reviews Sollfrank, L., Strom, T.M., Uchio, E., Nouhuys, C.E. van, Kremer, H., Neurology, 9(8), 474-81. Veltman, J.A., Wijk, E. van & Cremers, F.P.M. (2013). ZNF408 is mutated in familial exudative vitreoretinopathy and is crucial for Roosing, S., Rohrschneider, K., Beryozkin, A., Sharon, D., Weisschuh, the development of zebrafish retinal vasculature. Proceedings of N., Staller, J., Kohl, S., Zelinger, L., Peters, T.A., Neveling, K., Strom, the National Academy of Science of the United States of America, T.M., Disease, C. European Retina, Born, L.I. van den, Hoyng, C.B., 110(24), 9856-61. Klaver, C.C., Roepman, R., Wissinger, B., Banin, E., Cremers, F.P.M. & Hollander, A.I. den (2013). Mutations in RAB28, encoding a Dam, T.J.P. van, Townsend, M.J., Turk, M., Schlessinger, A., Sali, A., farnesylated small GTPase, are associated with autosomal-recessive Field, M.C. & Huynen, M.A. (2013). Evolution of modular intraflagellar cone-rod dystrophy. American Journal of Human Genetics, 93(1), 110-7. transport from a coatomer-like progenitor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America, 110(17), 6943-8. Vulto-van Silfhout, A.T., Vries, B. de, Bon, B.W. van, Hoischen, A., Ruiterkamp-Versteeg, M., Gilissen, C.F., Gao, H.O., Zwam, M. van, Drenth, J.P.H. (2013). HCV treatment – no more room for inter­ Harteveld, C.L., Essen, A.J. van, Hamel, B.C.J., Kleefstra, T., Willem- feronologists? New England Journal of Medicine, 368(20), 1931-2. sen, M.A.A.P., Yntema, H.G., Bokhoven, H. van, Brunner, H.G., Boyer, T.G. & Brouwer, A.P. de (2013). Mutations in MED12 Cause X-Linked Gevers, T.J.G. & Drenth, J.P.H. (2013). Diagnosis and management Ohdo Syndrome. American Journal of Human Genetics, 92(3), 401-6. of polycystic liver disease. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 10(2), 101-8. Ven, J.P.H. van de, Nilsson, S.C., Tan, P.L., Buitendijk, G.H., Ristau, T., Mohlin, F.C., Nabuurs, S.B., Schoenmaker-Koller, F.E., Smailhodzic, Jonckheere, A.I., Renkema, G.H., Bras, M., Heuvel, L.P.W.J. van den, D., Campochiaro, P.A., Zack, D.J., Duvvari, M.R., Bakker, B., Paun, Hoischen, A., Gilissen, C.F.H.A., Nabuurs, S.B., Huynen, M.A., Vries, C.C., Boon, C.J.F., Uitterlinden, A.G., Liakopoulos, S., Klevering, B.J., M.C. de, Smeitink, J.A.M. & Rodenburg, R.J.T. (2013). A complex V Fauser, S., Daha, M.R., Katsanis, N., Klaver, C.C., Blom, A.M., Hoyng, ATP5A1 defect causes fatal neonatal mitochondrial encephalopathy. C.B. & Hollander, A.I. den (2013). A functional variant in the CFI Brain, 136(Pt 5), 1544-54. gene confers a high risk of age-related macular degeneration. Nature Genetics, 45(7), 813-7. Koopman, W.J.H., Distelmaier, F., Smeitink, J.A.M. & Willems, P.H.G.M. (2013). OXPHOS mutations and neurodegeneration. Ven, K.C.C. van der, Tack, C.J.J., Heerschap, A., van der Graaf, M. & EMBO Journal, 32(1), 9-29. Galan, B.E. de (2013). Patients with type 1 diabetes exhibit altered cerebral metabolism during hypoglycemia. Journal of Clinical Martines, A.M., Masereeuw, R., Tjalsma, H., Hoenderop, J.G.J., Investigation, 123, 623-629. Wetzels, J.F.M. & Swinkels, D.W. (2013). Iron metabolism in the pathogenesis of iron-induced kidney injury. Nature Reviews Nephrology, 9(7), 385-98. Dissertations: 25 Scientific publications: 777 Mohamed, M., Ashikov, A.M., Guillard, M., Robben, J.H., Schmidt, S., Patents: 1 Heuvel, B. van den, Brouwer, A.P.M. de, Gerardy-Schahn, R., Deen, P.M.T., Wevers, R.A., Lefeber, D.J. & Morava, E. (2013). Intellectual disability and bleeding diathesis due to deficient CMP-sialic acid transport. Neurology, 81(7), 681-7.

88 radboud university nijmegen Director: Prof. Jan A.M. Smeitink Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Disease Jan Smeitink, Professor of Mitochondrial Medicine, has been Head of the Section of Postal address Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders since 1996. Radboud University Nijmegen In 1997 he set up the Nijmegen Centre for Medical Centre Mitochondrial Disorders, which is recognized Internal postal code 804 internationally as a centre of excellence for PO BOX 9101 patient care, diagnostics and research. In 2006 6500 HB Nijmegen he was appointed Foreign Adjunct Professor The Netherlands at the Karolinska Institute at Stockholm in Sweden for six years and in 2006 he received Visiting address the Princess Beatrix Foundation Jubilee Award Geert Grooteplein 10, (route 804) from the Queen of the Netherlands for his Nijmegen research. In 2009 he set up the Centre for Systems Biology and Bioenergetics and in 2010 T: +31 (0)24 361 44 30 he founded a spin-off company ‘Khondrion’. F: +31 (0)24 366 85 32 In 2013 he was elected to the prestigious E: [email protected] Academia Europaea. I: www.igmd.nl

Khondrion is a spin-off company founded by Prof. Smeitink in Future order to develop treatment for patients with mitochondrial disease. Researchers will continue to elucidate the pathophysiology of In 2013 Khondrion received a large EU Marie Curie ITN grant to specific rare diseases in an attempt to develop novel diagnostic support the formation of a network with eight basic and transla- methods and innovative forms of treatment. Examples of new tional laboratories and three associated partners, who will provide projects include: professional tools for training PhD students and disseminating • research designed to identify the disease causing variants and knowledge. genes in Intellectual Disability disorders with the aim to provide novel insights into genetic control of cognition and improve Within IGMD, a task force has been set up to combine knowledge diagnosis, personalized patient support and treatment (Dr B. and expertise in clinical research , as well as the diagnosis and de Vries, Prof. J. Veltman and Dr A.Schenck, ZonMw TOP grant) treatment of rare diseases. In line with the National Plan on Rare • research on identifying ways of recognizing genetic variations Disease, IGMD research groups have registered their activities as in the normal population (Dr C. Gilissen, Veni grant); expert centres on the Orphanet website, in order to make these • deciphering the role of defective Wnt signalling in hepatic activities more visible to the international research community, cystogenesis (Prof. J. Drenth and Dr R. Roepman, IGMD grant) to patients and patient organisations, and to the pharmaceutical • studying the opportunities for sweet regulation in mitochondrial industry. disease (Dr D. Lefeber and Dr L. Nijtmans, IGMD grant) • investigations designed to help understand the role of iron in Prof. J. Smeitink was invited by the Netherlands Federation of kidney injury (Prof. D. Swinkels and Dr R. Masereeuw, IGMD University Medical Centres and the Ministry of Public Health, grant) Welfare and Sport, to present recent developments in mito­ • developing gene augmentation therapy for EYS­associated retinitis chondrial research and to give his view on current and future pigmentosa, employing a unique canine model with mutations diagnostics and treatment for patients with rare diseases. in EYS (Dr R. Collin and Dr J. Klevering, IGMD grant) • studying the mechanisms of protein-specific glycosylation, using Many other IGMD investigators have contributed to public dis­ mass spectrometry and 13C metabolic flux analyses (Dr M. van cussions and events in order to explain the societal impact of their Scherpenzeel, FEBS and EMBO grant) research. For example, Prof. M. Hopman performed physiological • investigating novel metabolic steps in the polyprenoid biosynthesis exercise measurements during the ‘Nijmegen Vierdaagse wandel- pathway, which is the crucial first step in protein N-glycosylation tocht’ and Prof. J. Smeitink and his team organized the Mitochon- (Dr D. Lefeber and Prof. E. Swiezewska, Polish Academy of drial Disease Information Day 2013 for patients and their parents. Sciences grant).

2013 research report 89 Research Institute for Oncology

Preparing diagnostic methods and treatments for cancer patients.

The main aim of the Research Institute for Oncology The Institute’s research themes are: is to promote innovations in translational research in Theme 1. Imaging & biomarkers oncology and to reduce the morbidity and mortality The focus here is the diagnostic/prognostic efficacy and effective- rates of cancers. Researchers in several disciplines ness of biomarkers, imaging techniques, cancer screening (general work together to reveal the pathology of tumours, population) and routine follow-up policies (clinical population). develop new diagnostics and therapeutic strategies, Theme 2. Genetics & heredity and improve standards of care. The assessment of genetic factors is increasingly important for personalized treatment of cancer. Both cancer predisposing factors The Institute was founded in 2008 to coordinate and strengthen in the germline as well as tumour-specific genetic and epigenetic research in oncology and oncology-related topics. Built on a long- changes are studied in order to better understand the aetiology and standing tradition and the strong reputation of existing research clinical behaviour of tumours with the aim of optimizing diagnosis groups, the Institute works closely with the Radboud University and surveillance as well as selecting and monitoring the most Centre for Oncology (RUCO; the clinical centre). effective treatments.

The key principles of the Institute are: Theme 3. Local therapies • Research is patient-centred and relevant to patient care. Local therapies include diagnostic and therapeutic challenges • Research is arranged in multidisciplinary themes that deliver associated with a variety of treatment options, including surgery, added value beyond existing structures. minimally invasive interventions, radiotherapy and combinations • Close collaboration with other University research institutes of these treatments. such as NCMLS and NCEBP is considered essential.

90 radboud university nijmegen Staff

Prof. T. van Achterberg (o) Prof. P.J. Slootweg (o) Prof. G.J. Adema (o) Prof. C.G.J. Sweep (o) Theme 4. Systemic therapies Prof. J.O. Barentsz (o) Prof. A.L.M. Verbeek (o) The aim of targeted therapy is to optimize systemic therapies Prof. S.J. Berge (o) Prof. M.J.F.J. Vernooij - Dassen (o) (i.e. select those with the fewest possible side effects). This is Prof. O.C. Boerman (o) Prof. I.J.M. de Vries (o) achieved through a multidisciplinary approach in the diagnostic Prof. P.N.R. Dekhuijzen (o) Prof. P. Wesseling (o) and therapeutic phase of treatment, and with the translation Prof. C.G. Figdor (o) Prof. G.J. van der Wilt (o) of basic research to the clinic and vice versa. Besides a focus on Prof. P.H.A. Friedl (o) Prof. J.H.W. de Wilt (o) specific tumour types, research also addresses the targets and Prof. A.H.M. Geurts van Kessel (o) Prof. J.A. Witjes (o) molecular pathways in a variety of tumours in order to maximize Prof. B. van Ginneken (o) Prof. T.J.M. de Witte (o) benefit from the available knowledge and expertise across different Prof. B.M. Goraj (o) Prof. G.A. Zielhuis (o) tumours types and new targets for therapy. In addition, cellular Prof. W.T.A. van der Graaf (o) therapies using cells of the immune system are being developed Prof. J.A. Grotenhuis (o) and tested in clinical trials. Prof. A. Heerschap (o) Tenured Prof. P.M. Hoogerbrugge (o) Full Professors 17.3 FTE Theme 5. Innovation in Care & Epidemiology Prof. N. Hoogerbrugge - van der Associate Professors 4.8 FTE This theme includes research on measuring and improving the Linden (o) Assistant Professors 26.6 FTE quality of life – and care – for cancer patients and their families Prof. J.H. Jansen (o) Researchers 20.2 FTE during all phases of the disease, evaluating the effectiveness Prof. J.H.A.M. Kaanders (o) and economic implications of health care interventions, shared Prof. N. Karssemeijer (o) Non-tenured decision making, and epidemiological research on lifestyle and Prof. L.A.L.M. Kiemeney (o) Researchers 83.0 FTE molecular/genetic factors for cancer aetiology, diagnosis and Prof. A.J. van der Kogel (o) Doctoral candidates 82.1 FTE prognosis. Prof. J.H.J.M. van Krieken (o) Prof. C.J.H.M. van Laarhoven (o) Research funding In 2013, the third Science Day of the Research Institute for Prof. J.W.H. Leer (o) Oncology – entitled Radboud Personalized Oncology – provided an Prof. H.A.M. Marres (o) opportunity to meet with colleagues and PhD students and discuss Prof. L.F.A.G. Massuger (o) new ideas. The students participating in the Cancer Research block Prof. M.A.W. Merkx (o) of the Bachelors programme Biomedical Sciences were invited to Prof. P.F.A. Mulders (o) strengthen the connection between research and education. Prof. I.D. Nagtegaal (o) This day was again received with great enthusiasm and a scientific Prof. W.J.G. Oyen (o) summary will be made available for medical specialists in their Prof. J.B. Prins (o) Core Grants Contracts specialized news journal Oncology up to date. Prof. W.M. Prokop (o) Prof. C.J.A. Punt (o) Research facilities Prof. J.A. Schalken (p) The Institute supports both technological and non-technological Prof. L.J. Schultze Kool (o) platforms that are crucial to its research and serve the needs of other research institutes. These include Imaging, e.g. the Preclinical Imaging Centre PRIME, the Microscopy centre, High-throughput genomics, Proteomics, Clean-room facilities, a unit for the clinical application of new drugs, a unit for psychosocial research tools, Bio-informatics and Biostatistics, the Central Animal Facility, The • The Dutch Imaging Hub (Radboudumc, VUmc and UMC Minimal Invasive Treatment expertise Centre (MITec), databases Groningen) focused on developing molecular imaging in and biological banks of cancer patient groups such as PSI and the oncological research. Comprehensive Cancer Centre Netherlands (IKNL). • European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer. • The MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA, Collaboration (collaborative projects on the genetics of urological cancers). Researchers at the RIO collaborate with those at many other • The Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, Medical Physics centres and institutes around the world. RIO promotes the role and Human Oncology, Madison, WI, USA. of Radboudumc oncological researchers in consortia in order to • The World Sarcoma Network, a group led by the main reference fully exploit the strengths of oncological research within RIO centres around the world dedicated to developing and supporting and secure funding. Some examples: innovative and collaborative clinical trials and sarcoma drug • The Comprehensive Cancer Centre Netherlands (IKNL). development, plus a number of global RARE CANCER Initiatives • The National reference centre for screening breast cancer. (international transatlantic collaborations).

2013 research report 91 Research Institute for Oncology

• The head and neck oncology group works with the Institute of cancer using naturally occurring plasmacytoid dendritic cells Cancer Sciences at the University of Manchester, UK on tumour (pDC). and in Blood the findings on the cross-presentation hypoxia and gene signatures; University of Wisconsin School capacities of this naturally occurring human DC subset. of Medicine on EGFR signalling; Muhimbili University Health & Allied Services in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; and the National The group led by Prof. Hans de Wilt described in Breast Cancer Dental Centre Singapore of Sing Health University on Research and Treatment their four years’ experience of one-day mandibular constructions. core needle biopsy in a breast clinic. • Philidelphia University in paediatric oncology, and with University of California Los Angeles in supportive care and Awards and acknowledgements e-health. In 2013, the achievements of a number of scientists within the Institute were recognised by both national and international Research results organisations. The group led by Dr Roland Kuiper published on the discovery and • Dr Jeroen Hasselaar and Dr Marieke Groot received an EU effects of germline mutations in the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint grant for their project Patient-centred palliative care pathways Genes BUB1/3 in Colorectal Cancer (in Gastroenterology) and in advanced cancer and chronic disease in FP7-HEALTH. contributed to a publication in Nature Genetics on lymphoid • Prof. Myrra Vernooij-Dassen, Dr Yvonne Engels and Dr Eddy transcription factor gene PAX5 in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia Adang received an EU FP-7 grant for Comparing the effectiveness in children. of palliative care for elderly people in long term care facilities in Europe (PACE). The group led by Dr Paul Span contributed to the wide study • Prof. Hans de Wilt received two KWF grants, for Vitamin D published in Nature on somatic mutational processes in different status in colorectal cancer patients: determinants and role in disease cancer types entitled: “Signatures of mutational processes in human progression and survival (in collaboration with Wageningen UR), cancer”. and for The value of completion axillary treatment in sentinel node positive breast cancer patients undergoing a mastectomy. A randomized Prof. Iris Nagtegaal and Prof. Han van Krieken published in multicenter trial (in collaboration with UMCM+). Nature Reviews Gastroenterology and Hepatology a review on the • Dr Katja Aben, Prof. Bart Kiemeney and Dr Inge van Oort received newest development in classification of colorectal cancer. a KWF grant for their project A solid foundation for evidence-based quality improvement in prostate cancer care in The Netherlands. Dr Annemarie Boleij and Dr Harold Tjalsma published in The Lancet • Dr Alina Vrieling, Prof. Bart Kiemeney, Prof. Fred Witjes and Infectious Diseases their view on bacterial features that determine Prof. Ellen Kampman received the Alpe d’HuZes grant for their the specific association between Streptococcus gallolyticus and project The effect of dietary and lifestyle factors on prognosis and colorectal cancer and how infections with this opportunistic gut quality of life of bladder cancer patients. pathogen can be exploited for the early detection of malignant • The Radboud Expertise Center for Pain and Palliative Medicine colonic disease. and department of Medical Oncology received two KWF grants: one to expand the telemedicine to elderly cancer patients, and Dr Petra Muus published in New England Journal of Medicine the the other for the Adolescent and Young Adult outpatient clinic. study on the effect of the eculizumab on complement-mediated • Chella van der Post, MSc and Chantal Driessen, MSc received thrombotic microangiopathy and renal function. KWF clinical fellowships for their PhD projects Identification of new hereditary forms of gastric cancer and Prediction of ototoxicity The group led by Prof. Peter Mulder, Prof. Otto Boerman and and nephrotoxicity in patients with locally advanced head and neck Prof. Wim Oyen published on novel diagnostic tool in clear cell cancer treated with cisplatin-containing chemoradiotherapy, renal cell carcinoma using the Indium-111-labeled girentuximab respectively. immunoSPECT. This publication was chosen a Best Fundamental • Dr Stanleyson Hato received a Bas Mulder Award for his project Research Paper published in European Urology in 2013. to indentify a biomarker that reflects the state of a disease, and predicts the clinical efficacy of dendritic cell vaccination. The group led by Dr Harry Dolstra published in PLOS One the study • Prof. Anne Speckens coordinates a multi-centre study on the on Natural Killer Cells Generated from Cord Blood Hematopoietic effects of mindfulness on the quality of life of women with breast Progenitor Cells Efficiently Target Bone Marrow-Residing Human cancer (grant awarded by Pink Ribbon). Leukemia Cells in NOD/SCID/IL2Rgnull Mice. • Dr Stans Verhagen and Dr Hans Knoop received grants from the Pink Ribbon Foundation for a multi-centre trial evaluating The group led by Prof. Jolanda de Vries published in Cancer the effectiveness of Internet therapy for fatigue in survivors of Research the first clinical study of therapeutic vaccination against breast cancer.

92 radboud university nijmegen Prof. Bram van Ginneken (Professor of Functional Image Analysis) received an NWO Vici grant for his project ‘Screening of lungs: more value for less money’. Early onset lung cancer – the most fatal type of cancer – can be detected with a CT scan. The aim of this project is to develop com- puter software that will enable automatic analysis of such scans, which will result in better – and cheaper – screening.

• Dr Marjolijn Ligtenberg, Marjolijn Jongmans, MSc and Dr Research on Cancer, World Institute of Pain, EORTC, ECCO, and Richarda de Voer received a MLDS Focus grant for their research the editorial boards of several cancer journals). project on the genetic background of colorectal cancer in adolescents and young adults. Some of the new appointments of RIO members in the important • Prof. Ellen Kampman, Dr Alina Vrieling and Prof. Nicoline national and international oncological societies and communities Hoogerbrugge received a WCRF Research grant for health are listed below: promotion materials on cancer awareness and prevention. • Prof. Bert van der Kogel received a ESTRO Lifetime Achievement • Dr William Leenders received a grant from the Stichting Stop Award for his major impact on healthcare with contributions to Hersentumoren for a project on targeting low grade glioma. radiobiology and translational research in radiation oncology. • KiKa (Children Cancerfree) awarded a grant to Dr Laurens van His research substantially changed the practice of the profession. der Meer for studying the molecular pathways involved in the • Prof. Han van Krieken was elected as president of the European clearance of the protein drug Asparaginase, a key component Society of Pathology. of the multi-drug therapy regimen used to treat acute lympho- • Prof. Bart Kiemeney received the Dominique Chopin Award 2013 blastic leukaemia in children. from the European Association of Urology Section for Urological • Michiel Kroese, MSc, Prof. Gosse Adema and Prof. Peter Research for his significant achievements in urological research Hoogerbrugge received a grant from the Villa Joep foundation and his contribution to European scientific networks. to study the immunotherapy as part of multimodal therapy using • Prof. Judith Prins was appointed to the Scientific committee of a novel pre-clinical MYCN-neuroblastoma tumour mice model. Pink Ribbon and as chair of the peer group of the Dutch Society • Dr Stanleyson Hato and Dr Gerty Schreibelt were awarded René for Medical Psychology. Vogels travel grants. • Prof. Hans de Wilt became the chair of the Dutch Society for • A number of PhD students received various national and inter- Oncological Surgery. national prizes for their theses. • Dr Carla van Herpen has joined the Guideline Committee of the Dutch Workgroup for Head & Neck tumours. Societal impact • The Radboud Expertise Center for Pain and Palliative Medicine Cancer is a major health problem and places enormous physical – together with the Department of Medical Oncology – was and mental burdens on patients and their families. Improving the recognized as an ESMO-designated centre of integrated oncology prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of cancer, as well as improving and palliative care (Dr Stans Verhagen, Prof. Kris Visser, Prof. psycho-social assistance, is therefore essential. Researchers at the Winette van der Graaf). Institute serve as active members of various boards and committees • Dr Lioe-Fee de Geus-Oei was appointed Professor of Molecular both nationally (e.g. Dutch Cancer Society, ZonMw, Dutch Medical Imaging, Innovation and Translation at the University of Twente, Oncology Society, Netherlands Foundation for the Detection of further strengthening the collaboration of the Radboud umc Hereditary Tumours, Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources with the University of Twente. Research Infrastructure, Dutch Haematology Society, Dutch • Prof. Merel Ritskes-Hoitinga/SYRCLE received grants from Federation of University Medical Centre’s Committee for Paediatric ZonMw and the Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport Oncology, Dutch Society for Surgical Oncology, Dutch Workgroup to promote the conduct of systematic reviews of animal studies for Head and Neck Tumours) and internationally (e.g. a large by organising hands-on workshops and developing tools and number of European scientific societies, International Agency for guidelines to facilitate systematic reviews of animal studies.

2013 research report 93 Research Institute for Oncology

Key publications

Alexandrov, L.B., Span, P.N. & et. al. (2013). Signatures of mutational Muselaers, C.H.J., Boerman, O.C., Oosterwijk, E., Langenhuijsen, J.F., processes in human cancer. Nature, 500(7463), 415-21. Oyen, W.J.G. & Mulders, P.F.A. (2013). Indium-111-labeled girentuximab immunoSPECT as a diagnostic tool in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Boleij, A. & Tjalsma, H. (2013). The itinerary of Streptococcus European Urology, 63(6), 1101-6. gallolyticus infection in patients with colonic malignant disease. Lancet Infectious Diseases, 13(8), 719-24. Nagtegaal, I.D. & Krieken, J.H.J.M. van (2013). Colorectal cancer: Is the new era of colorectal cancer classification finally here? Nature Bulte, J.P., Polman, L., Schlooz-Vries, M.S., Werner, A., Besselink, Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 10(7), 391-3. R., Sessink, K., Mus, R.D.M., Lardenoije-Broker, S., Imhof-Tas, M.W., Bulten, J., Engen-van Grunsven, A.C. van, Schaafsma, H.E., Strobbe, Shah, S., Schrader, K.A., Waanders, E., Timms, A.E., Vijai, J., Miething, L.J., Bult, P. & Wilt, J.H. de (2013). One-day core needle biopsy in C., Wechsler, J., Yang, J., Hayes, J., Klein, R.J., Zhang, J., Wei, L., Wu, a breast clinic: 4 years experience. Breast Cancer Research and G., Rusch, M., Nagahawatte, P., Ma, J., Chen, S.C., Song, G., Cheng, J., Treatment, 137(2), 609-16. Meyers, P., Bhojwani, D., Jhanwar, S., Maslak, P., Fleisher, M., Littman, J., Offit, L., Rau-Murthy, R., Fleischut, M.H., Corines, M., Murali, R., Cany, J.S., Waart, A.B. van der, Tordoir, M., Franssen, G.M., Gao, X., Manschreck, C., Kitzing, T., Murty, V.V., Raimondi, S.C., Kuiper, Hangalapura, B.N., Vries, J. de, Boerman, O.C., Schaap, N.P., Voort, R.P., Simons, A. & et. al. (2013). A recurrent germline PAX5 mutation R. van der, Spanholtz, J. & Dolstra, H. (2013). Natural Killer Cells confers susceptibility to pre-B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Generated from Cord Blood Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells Nature Genetics, 45(10), 1226-31. Efficiently Target Bone Marrow-Residing Human Leukemia Cells in NOD/SCID/IL2Rg(null) Mice. PLoS ONE, 8(6), e64384. Stillebroer, A.B., Boerman, O.C., Desar, I.M.E., Boers-Sonderen, M.J., Herpen, C.M.L. van, Langenhuijsen, J.F., Smith-Jones, P.M., Oosterwijk, Eustace, A., Mani, N., Span, P.N., Irlam, J.J., Taylor, J., Betts, G.N., E., Oyen, W.J.G. & Mulders, P.F.A. (2013). Phase 1 Radioimmuno­ Denley, H., Miller, C.J., Homer, J.J., Rojas, A.M., Hoskin, P.J., Buffa, therapy Study with Lutetium 177-labeled Anti-Carbonic Anhydrase F.M., Harris, A.L., Kaanders, J.H.A.M. & West, C.M. (2013). A 26-Gene IX Monoclonal Antibody Girentuximab in Patients with Advanced Hypoxia Signature Predicts Benefit from Hypoxia-Modifying Therapy Renal Cell Carcinoma. European Urology, 64(3), 478-85. in Laryngeal Cancer but Not Bladder Cancer. Clinical Cancer Research, 19(17), 4879-4888. Tel, J., Schreibelt, G., Sittig, S.P., Mathan, T.S.M., Buschow, S.I., Cruz, L.J., Lambeck, A.J.A., Figdor, C.G. & Vries, I.J.M. de (2013). Human Fortuin, A.S., Meijer, H., Thompson, L.C., Witjes, J.A. & Barentsz, J.O. plasmacytoid dendritic cells efficiently cross-present exogenous Ags (2013). Ferumoxtran-10 ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide- to CD8+ T cells despite lower Ag uptake than myeloid dendritic cell enhanced diffusion-weighted imaging magnetic resonance imaging subsets. Blood, 121(3), 459-67. for detection of metastases in normal-sized lymph nodes in patients with bladder and prostate cancer: do we enter the era after Tel, J., Aarntzen, E.H.J.G., Baba, T., Schreibelt, G., Schulte, B.M., extended pelvic lymph node dissection? European Urology, 64(6), Benitez-Ribas, D., Boerman, O.C., Croockewit, S., Oyen, W.J.G., 961-3; discussion 963. Rossum, M.M. van, Winkels, G., Coulie, P.G., Punt, C.J.A., Figdor, C.G. & Vries, I.J.M. de (2013). Natural human plasmacytoid dendritic cells Legendre, C.M., Licht, C., Muus, P., Greenbaum, L.A., Babu, S., induce antigen-specific T-cell responses in melanoma patients. Bedrosian, C., Bingham, C., Cohen, D.J., Delmas, Y., Douglas, K., Cancer Research, 73(3), 1063-75. Eitner, F., Feldkamp, T., Fouque, D., Furman, R.R., Gaber, O., Herthelius, M., Hourmant, M., Karpman, D., Lebranchu, Y., Mariat, Voer, R.M. de, Kessel, A. Geurts van, Weren, R.D.A., Ligtenberg, C., Menne, J., Moulin, B., Nurnberger, J., Ogawa, M., Remuzzi, G., M.J.L., Smeets, D., Fu, L., Vreede, L., Kamping, E.J., Verwiel, E.T.P., Richard, T., Sberro-Soussan, R., Severino, B., Sheerin, N.S., Trivelli, Hahn, M.M., Ariaans, M., Spruijt, L., Essen, T. van, Houge, G., A., Zimmerhackl, L.B., Goodship, T. & Loirat, C. (2013). Terminal Schackert, H.K., Sheng, J.Q., Venselaar, H., Ravenswaaij-Arts, C.M.A. complement inhibitor eculizumab in atypical hemolytic-uremic van, Krieken, J.H.J.M. van, Hoogerbrugge, N. & Kuiper, R.P. (2013). syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine, 368(23), 2169-81. Germline Mutations in the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Genes BUB1 and BUB3 Are Risk Factors for Colorectal Cancer. Mekenkamp, L., Haan, J.C., Koopman, M., Vink-Borger, M.E., Israeli, Gastroenterology, 145(3), 544-7. D., Teerenstra, S., Ylstra, B., Meijer, G.A., Punt, C.J.A. & Nagtegaal, I.D. (2013). Chromosome 20p11 gains are associated with liver-specific Dissertations: 53 metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer. Gut, 62(1), 94-101. Scientific publications: 945 Patents: 1

94 radboud university nijmegen Director: Prof. Wim Oyen Research Institute for Oncology

Wim Oyen is a nuclear medicine physician, Postal address a Professor at Radboud University Nijmegen PO Box 9101 and Chair of Nuclear Medicine at the Radboud 6500 HB Nijmegen University Medical Centre. His research interests The Netherlands include molecular imaging for personalized treatment of cancer and experimental treat- Visting address ment of cancer using radio-labelled antibodies. Geert Grooteplein 10 (route 756) He is currently a board member of EANM and Nijmegen ECCO. He is Associate Editor of The Journal of Nuclear Medicine and a member of the editorial T: +31 (0)24 361 40 48 board of the European Journal of Nuclear F: +31 (0)24 361 89 42 Medicine and Molecular Imaging. E: [email protected] I: www.radboudumc.nl

Future research • The STW grant for Prof. Jack Schalken’s project entitled Research will concentrate on: Improvement of therapy efficacy against human cancers using • cancer-related target genes and pathways specific miRNAs reversing the EMT phenotype will be used to • anti-cancer nano-vaccines in the patient’s immune system develop a new therapy against cancer based on microRNAs, • the associations between genetic variants and cancer which the researchers hope will make the cancer cells lose susceptibility, prognosis, and response to therapy their tumour properties. • the efficacy of functional imaging with respect to diagnosis, • The question Will breast cancer screening be more effective and prognosis, and therapy using the Preclinical Imaging Centrum efficient by taking into account the individual risk of a woman PRIME developing breast cancer? is the main focus of the ZonMw Top • the mechanisms underlying invasion and metastasis subsidy programme led by Dr Mireille Broeders. • novel molecular markers for imaging • the efficacy of novel metabolic and epigenetic drugs for therapy and novel vaccine-based therapeutic strategies • genetics, epidemiology and pharmacokinetics • predictive factors and late effects of treatment • psychosocial and quality-of-life issues.

Special attention will be paid to personalized oncology: • The Vici grant awarded to Prof. Bram van Ginneken for his project entitled Lung CT Screening: More for Less will create a novel workflow with a more automatic, more comprehensive, and more individual approach to lung CT screening, which will result in screening with greater value and at lower cost.

2013 research report 95 Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity

Experiments being performed in vitro under strict sterile conditions.

The Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation during infection and autoinflammation, the pathogenesis of infec- and Immunity (N4i) brings together research groups tion by bacteria (e.g., pneumococci, staphylococci, meningococci and Coxiella) and viruses (picorna viruses and dengue virus), that focus on infectious diseases, inflammation and molecular imaging tools for visualizing infection and inflammation, immunity – areas that are intimately connected. mechanisms of tissue damage in common inflammatory diseases N4i’s ambition is to achieve national and inter­ (COPD, psoriasis and eczema), therapeutic interference with national leadership in research in these areas. This pattern recognition and signalling, strategies for preserving mucosal integrity in cancer chemotherapy and developing tools research, which is inspired by observations at the for monitoring inflammation and response to treatment. bedside, is designed to improve the diagnosis, treat- ment and prognosis of patients with infections, as Theme 2. Invasive mycoses and compromised host well as inflammatory and immunological disorders. Within this theme, invasive fungal infections are studied in relation to sophisticated medical treatments for immune-compromised and frail patients. Research focuses on understanding host defence The research focuses on four themes that link Infection, mechanisms, in particular the recognition of fungal pathogens by Inflammation and Immunity. the host, the immunogenetics of fungal infections, immunotherapy of fungal infections, exploring the epidemiology and management Theme 1. Pathogenesis and modulation of inflammation of invasive fungal infections, designing better diagnostics and Although infectious agents are the main causes of inflammation, therapies for invasive aspergillosis, candidemia, and other invasive any tissue damage will lead to an inflammatory response. Issues fungal infections, exploring the epidemiology, mechanism and that are addressed in this theme include host recognition of consequences of resistance against antifungal drugs. pathogens, inflammasome activation and cytokine responses

96 radboud university nijmegen Theme 3. Poverty-related infectious diseases Staff In developing countries infectious diseases are still a major cause of mortality. Poverty is a pivotal factor for vulnerability to infec- Prof. J.H.M. Berden (o) Tenured tions such as tuberculosis, HIV and malaria. Within this theme Prof. W.B. van den Berg (o) Full Professors 11.6 FTE the following issues are addressed: clinical development of vaccines Prof. D.M. Burger (o) Associate Professors 3.3 FTE and drugs for treating malaria, the pathogenesis and host defence Prof. P.N.R. Dekhuijzen (o) Assistant Professors 11.9 FTE against malaria, innate host defence against Mycobacterium tuber- Prof. C.A. Dinarello (o) Researchers 15.4 FTE culosis and the role of mycobacterial genotypes, optimal diagnosis Prof. A.W.M. Evers (o) and treatment of tuberculosis (TB) – with a focus on complicated Prof. B. van Ginneken (o) Non-tenured TB, evidence-based prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS in the Prof. R. de Groot (o) Researchers 53.8 FTE context of intravenous drug use in resource-poor countries, and Prof. I.C.J. Gyssens (o) Doctoral candidates 88.7 FTE optimal anti-HIV and anti-TB treatments in resource-poor settings, Prof. P.W.M. Hermans (o) particularly for children. Prof. L.B. Hilbrands (o) Research funding Prof. J.G. van der Hoeven (o) Theme 4. Auto-immunity, transplantation and immunotherapy Prof. A.J. Hoitsma (e) Research on the inflammatory response is designed to obtain Prof. M.E.J.L. Hulscher (o) new insights into the pathogenesis of infectious diseases and non- Prof. I. Joosten (p) infectious inflammatory disorders. Within this theme investiga- Prof. P.C.M. van de Kerkhof (o) tions focus on: phenotypes of autoimmune diseases of the skin, Prof. B.J. Kullberg (o) prediction of the course of chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases, Prof. R.F.J.M. Laan (o) the mechanisms of tissue damage and optimal treatment strategies Prof. J.W. Mouton (o) Core Grants Contracts in systemic lupus erythematosus, developing biomarkers to monitor Prof. M.G. Netea (o) immune status and immunosuppressive treatment efficacy, immu- Prof. W.J.G. Oyen (o) nological tolerance and immunosuppressive treatment after trans- Prof. P. Pickkers (o) plantation and transfusion, exploring the use of dendritic cells, Prof. P.L.C.M. van Riel (o) regulatory T cells and NK cells for autoimmune diseases and trans- Prof. R.W. Sauerwein (o) plant-related immunotherapy, designing new immunostimulatory Prof. J. Schalkwijk (o) drug treatments, developing vaccines against pneumococci and Plasmodium falciparum, and assessing the severity of psoriatic phenotypes and responses to treatment.

Research facilities The core components of the Institute are clinical departments expertise and thus create synergy, recruit talent and enhance (Internal Medicine, Medical Microbiology, Paediatrics, Nephrology, earning capacity in (EU) consortium grants. The Institute Dermatology, Rheumatology, Haematology, Pulmonary diseases, collaborates with outstanding laboratories including: Intensive Care Medicine and Nuclear Medicine), which provide • The Broad Institute of Harvard University and MIT, Boston, access to patients and clinical material, and dedicated research USA (NWO) laboratories (those directly connected to the clinical departments as • The School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, well as the laboratories of Medical Microbiology, Clinical Pharmacy, USA (RU chair) Medical Immunology and Tumour Immunology). Furthermore, the • The Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Radboudumc has several technology platforms which are available UK (Wellcome trust) to researchers: the Central Animal Facility, the Microscopic Imaging • Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Pompeu Fabra University, Centre (MIC), the Preclinical Imaging Centre (PRIME), the facilities Barcelona, Spain (ERC) for Genomics, Proteomics and Glycomics, the Centre for Molecular • Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, and Biomolecular Informatics, the Clinical Research Centre luj-Napoca, Romania (ERC) Nijmegen, a GMP facility for cellular therapy trials, and a Malaria • The Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College, University of parasites and mosquitoes breeding facility. Moshi, Tanzania (NWO) • The Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Collaboration Indonesia (EU) The research at N4i takes place within national and international • Health Research Unit, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, research networks that focus on infection, inflammation and Indonesia (Aids fund) immunity. Collaboration is designed to bring in complementary • The London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, UK (EU)

2013 research report 97 Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity

• Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften, advantages over serology and skin tests. A clinical test based on Berlin, Germany (EU) this methodology has been licensed to commercial partners and • The Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape its clinical value will be further investigated. Town, South Africa (EU) • Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Peru (EU FP7 TANDEM) Dr F. van de Loo, B. van den Brand and others studied the molecular • Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK (EU) mechanisms involved in autoimmune destructive arthritis, showing • The Department of Experimental Pathology, University of that Toll-like receptor 4 in bone marrow-derived cells as well as tissue- Bologna, Italy (EU) resident cells participate in aggravating the disease to full-blown • The Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, joint swelling, inflammation and bone erosion. Dr P. van Lent and Germany (EU) Prof. W. van den Berg investigated the role of Fcγ receptors in osteo- clastogenesis and osteoclast function and produce results that suggest Research results that the balance of FcγR-mediated inflammation as well as the direct Prof. P. Verwey, J. van der Linden and colleagues have demonstrated inhibitory effect of immune complexes on osteoclastogenesis a new azole resistance mechanism in the opportunistic mould determines the net effect on bone loss. Aspergillus fumigatus. Their findings indicate that a new mutation was selected for in the environment, possibly due to exposure to Immunomodulating regulatory T-cell (Treg) therapy is a promising azole fungicides. strategy in transplantation. Prof. I. Joosten, Dr J. Peters and collaborators provide new data that suggest that human secondary Prof. J. Schalkwijk, Dr E. van den Bogaard, and collaborators, lymphoid organs help maintain and regulate Treg function and revealed the working mechanism of an ancient dermatological homeostasis. This knowledge may be used to optimize Treg therapy: coal tar cream used as a treatment for inflammatory immunotherapy. skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis. Their findings open a new avenue for developing mechanism-based drugs for chronic Major comments and reviews were published in top journals, inflammatory skin diseases and rehabilitates the use of coal tar including the New England Journal of Medicine, Lancet Infectious in dermatological practice. In another study, carried out with Diseases, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Dr H. Zhou and E. Kouwenhoven, they have shown that a Medicine, Embo Molecular Medicine, Annals of the Rheumatic compound targeting p53 mutants to restore the pro-apoptotic Diseases and PLoS Pathogens. activity of p53, can rescue differentiation defects in skin epidermal cells carrying p63 mutations. This work suggests a Awards and acknowledgements novel concept of developing targeted therapy for phenotypically Dr Ronald van Rij was awarded a prestigious ERC Consolidator distinct diseases that are caused by a similar underlying Grant in order to investigate the biogenesis, mechanism and molecular mechanism. function of the small RNA-mediated antiviral defences of Dengue and West Nile virus transmitting mosquitoes. Prof. R. Sauerwein, Dr E. Bijker and others have shown that protection against malaria after immunization by chloroquine Dr Leo Joosten was appointed visiting professor by the Brazilian prophylaxis and sporozoites is mediated by preerythrocytic Government in the context of its ‘Science without frontiers’ immunity. programme. He will evaluate the role of IL-32 in infections caused by Leishmania braziliensis chinensis and L. amazonensis. Prof. M. Netea, S. Smeekens and collaborators from Harvard University used functional genomics to identify the type I inter­ The Dutch Kidney Foundation awarded €1.25 million to a Dutch feron pathway as central for host defense against Candida albicans, consortium of laboratory specialists and nephrologists of all which causes mucosal and systemic infections in humans. Dr M Dutch transplantation centres. Project leaders at the Radboudumc Coenen and collaborators performed a genome-wide association are Prof. Irma Joosten and Prof. Luuk Hilbrands. The aim of the analysis of anti-TNF drug response in patients with rheumatoid project is to build up detailed knowledge of the immune response arthritis and identified eight genetic loci that are associated with to kidney grafts in order to reduce rejection rates, extend the life the response. These promising results will be used to identify span of donor kidneys, and ultimately achieve shorter waiting lists. patients who will not respond adequately to treatment. Prof. Jacqueline de Graaf, Dr Leo Joosten and Prof. Mihai Netea A new diagnostic assay is described by Dr M. van Deuren, T. were awarded a more than €1 million grant from Cardiovascular Schoffelen and colleagues. They show that specific IFN-γdetection Research Netherlands for research within the IN-CONTROL- provides a good assay for previous Q fever, which is caused by programme, a broad study of the relationship between intestinal C. burnetii infection, performs in a similar way and has practical bacteria and inflammation as potential drivers of heart disease.

98 radboud university nijmegen Prof. Irma Joosten (Professor of Medical Immunology) is an expert in Transplantation Immunology and Transfusion Immunology. Her research focuses on recognizing aberrant immune functions and on methods which steer immune responses.

Dr Ellen van den Bogaard joined the 2013 European Society for advice for The Health Council of the Netherlands about novel Dermatological Research Academy for Future Leaders in Dermatology diagnostic tools for Lyme disease; in a TV documentary made by in Florence, Italy. Dr Frank van de Veerdonk received the 2013 Best the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) Dr Young Researcher award from the American Society for Microbiology R. Baltussen explained his research on health insurance in Ghana for outstanding performance in fungal immunology research. and, as a member of an expert committee of the World Health Organisation, he contributed to developing guidelines for HIV At the 2013 Autoinflammation meeting in Lausanne, Switzerland, treatment; the collaborative research done by Dr R. van Crevel Dr Monique Stoffels won the International Society for Systemic and colleagues on TB and HIV has helped improve patient care Autoinflammatory Disorders (ISSAID) Young Investigator Award and policy in Indonesia, by providing local evidence and validated for Basic Science. Dr Marjolein Garsen received two awards for her protocols and SOPs. research on Cathepsin L in diabetic mice: at the 25th European Cell Study Group Meeting in Oxford and at the Dutch Nephrology Days. Several clinical studies were performed, the outcomes of which have direct implications for clinical practice. Prof D. Burger, Dr Societal impact de Kanter and colleagues demonstrated that, due to the absence of The N4i focus on Infection, Inflammation and Immunity a clinically significant drug interaction, raltegravir can be recom- represents a research profile with major societal impact: infectious mended for combined HIV/HCV treatment including the hepatitis diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. C virus protease inhibitor boceprevir. Prof. P van Riel, S van Dartel Clinical centres are excellent way for valorising research results and and colleagues describe results from the Dutch Rheumatoid Arthritis knowledge (e.g. the Nijmegen Centre for Immunodeficiency and Monitoring registry, revealing differences in the risk of serious Autoinflammation and the new established Radboudumc Centre infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with for Infectious Disease). N4i’s strategy also includes, valorising adalimumab, infliximab and etanercept. Dr A. Simon, H de Koning innovative concepts and filing patents. N4i researchers publish on and colleagues performed a 9-month clinical trial on Schnitzler’s infectious and inflammatory disease and related subjects in public syndrome, a chronic disabling autoinflammatory disorder. They (new) media and are members of many national and international demonstrated that monthly injections of 150 mg canakinumab, organizations (e.g. Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, a monoclonal anti-interleukin-1 beta antibody, were an effective Academia Europaea, the European Academic Scientific Advisory and well-tolerated treatment for patients with this syndrome and Council, the Health Council of the Netherlands, the Centre for the data demonstrate that IL-1β plays a pivotal role in this disease. Infection Control and ZonMw committees). Future Major contributions have been made to reports for the Dutch Investigators will continue collaborative research on the role government, medical guidelines and diagnostics tests. Some of pattern recognition in infection and inflammation, natural examples: the newspaper NRC interviewed Dr. L Joosten about immunity to infection in human evolution, resistance to antifungal a new diagnostic test for Lyme disease and he contributed to the drugs and the implications for clinical medicine, exploring the

2013 research report 99 Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity

Key publications

Bijker, E.M., Bastiaens, G.J.H., Teirlinck, A.C., Gemert, G.J.A. van, Linden, J.W.M. van der, Camps, S.M.T., Kampinga, G.A., Arends, Graumans, W., Vegte-Bolmer, M.G. van de, Siebelink-Stoter, R., J.P., Debets-Ossenkopp, Y.J., Haas, P.J., Rijnders, B.J., Kuijper, E.J., Arens, T., Teelen, K.A.E.M., Nahrendorf, W., Remarque, E.J., Roeffen, Tiel, F.H. van, Varga, J., Karawajczyk, A., Zoll, J., Melchers, W.J.G. & W.F.G., Jansens, A., Zimmerman, D., Vos, M., Schaijk, B.C.L. van, Verweij, P.E. (2013). Aspergillosis due to voriconazole highly resistant Wiersma, J., Ven, A.J.A.M. van der, Mast, Q. de, Lieshout, L. van, Aspergillus fumigatus and recovery of genetically related resistant Verweij, J.J., Hermsen, C.C., Scholzen, A. & Sauerwein, R.W. (2013). isolates from domiciles. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 57(4), 513-20. Protection against malaria after immunization by chloroquine prophylaxis and sporozoites is mediated by preerythrocytic Lionakis, M.S. & Netea, M.G. (2013). Candida and host determinants immunity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the of susceptibility to invasive candidiasis. PLoS Pathogens, 9(1), United States of America, 110(19), 7862-7. e1003079.

Bogaard, E.H. van den, Bergboer, J.G.M., Vonk-Bergers, M., Meer, J.W.M. van der & Netea, M.G. (2013). A Salty Taste to Auto­ Vlijmen-Willems, I.M. van, Hato, S.V., Valk, P.G. van der, Schroder, immunity. New England Journal of Medicine, 368(26), 2520-2521. J.M., Joosten, I., Zeeuwen, P.L.J.M. & Schalkwijk, J. (2013). Coal tar induces AHR-dependent skin barrier repair in atopic dermatitis. Peters, J.H., Koenen, H.J.P.M., Fasse, E., Tijssen, H.J., Ijzermans, Journal of Clinical Investigation, 123(2), 917-27. J.N.M., Groenen, P.J.T.A., Schaap, N.P.M., Kwekkeboom, J. & Joosten, I. (2013). Human secondary lymphoid organs typically contain Boleij, A. & Tjalsma, H. (2013). The itinerary of Streptococcus polyclonally-activated proliferating regulatory T cells. Blood, 122(13), gallolyticus infection in patients with colonic malignant disease. 2213-23. Lancet Infectious Diseases, 13(8), 719-24. Schoffelen, T., Joosten, L.A.B., Herremans, T., Haan, A.F.J. de, Brand, B.T. van den, Abdollahi-Roodsaz, S., Bennink, M.B., Bussink, Ammerdorffer, A., Rumke, H.C., Wijkmans, C.J., Roest, H.I., Netea, J., Arntz, O.J., Berg, W.B. van den & Loo, F.A.J. van de (2013). Toll-like M.G., Meer, J.W.M. van der, Sprong, T. & Deuren, M. van (2013). receptor 4 in bone marrow-derived cells as well as tissue-resident Specific Interferon gamma Detection for the Diagnosis of Previous cells participate in aggravating autoimmune destructive arthritis. Q Fever. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 56(12), 1742-51. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 72(8), 1407-15. Shen, J., Bogaard, E.H.J. van den, Kouwenhoven, E.N., Bykov, V.J., Dartel, S.A.A. van, Fransen, J., Kievit, W., Flendrie, M., Broeder, A. Rinne, T.K., Zhang, Q, Tjabringa, G.S., Gilissen, C.F.H.A., Heeringen, den, Visser, H., Hartkamp, A., Laar, M.A. van der & Riel, P.L.C.M. S.J. van, Schalkwijk, J., Bokhoven, J.H.L.M. van, Wiman, K.G. & Zhou, van (2013). Difference in the risk of serious infections in patients H. (2013). APR-246/PRIMA-1(MET) rescues epidermal differentiation with rheumatoid arthritis treated with adalimumab, infliximab and in skin keratinocytes derived from EEC syndrome patients with p63 etanercept: results from the Dutch Rheumatoid Arthritis Monitoring mutations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the (DREAM) registry. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 72(6), 895-900. United States of America, 110(6), 2157-62.

Grevers, L.C., Vries, T.J. de, Everts, V., Verbeek, J.S., Berg, W.B. van Smeekens, S.P., Ng, A., Kumar, V., Johnson, M.D., Plantinga, T.S., den & Lent, P.L. van (2013). Immune complex-induced inhibition of Diemen, C.C. van, Arts, P., Verwiel, E.T.P., Gresnigt, M.S., Fransen, osteoclastogenesis is mediated via activating but not inhibitory K., Sommeren, S. van, Oosting, M., Cheng, S.C., Joosten, L.A.B., Fcgamma receptors on myeloid precursor cells. Annals of the Hoischen, A., Kullberg, B.J., Scott, W.K., Perfect, J.R., Meer, J.W. Rheumatic Diseases, 72(2), 278-85. van der, Wijmenga, C., Netea, M.G. & Xavier, R.J. (2013). Functional genomics identifies type I interferon pathway as central for host de Kanter, C.T., Blonk, M.I., Colbers, A.P., Schouwenberg, B.J.J.W. defense against Candida albicans. Nature Communications, 4, 1342. & Burger, D.M. (2013). Lack of a clinically significant drug-drug interaction in healthy volunteers between the hepatitis C virus protease inhibitor boceprevir and the HIV integrase inhibitor Dissertations: 33 raltegravir. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 56(2), 300-6. Scientific publications: 769 Patents: 5 Koning, H.D. de, Schalkwijk, J., Ven-Jongekrijg, J. van der, Stoffels, M., Meer, J.W.M. van der & Simon, A. (2013). Sustained efficacy of the monoclonal anti-interleukin-1 beta antibody canakinumab in a 9-month trial in Schnitzler’s syndrome. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 72(10), 1634-8.

100 radboud university nijmegen Director: Prof. Mihai Netea Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity Mihai Netea graduated from Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Cluj-Napoca, Romania Postal address and he specialized in internal medicine and infectious Radboud University Nijmegen diseases at Radboud University Nijmegen. After a post- Medical Centre doctoral fellowship at the University of Colorado, USA, Internal postal code 463 he returned to Nijmegen, where he was appointed PO Box 9101 Professor of Internal Medicine in 2008. His main 6500 HB Nijmegen research interests are the mechanisms of pattern The Netherlands recognition of fungal pathogens, especially Candida albicans, and the immunopathogenetic mechanisms of Visiting address sepsis. He is an alumnus member of the Young Royal Geert Grooteplein 10 Netherlands Academy of Sciences, has been awarded Nijmegen the prestigious ERC starting grant and an NWO Vici grant and he has received several career awards T: +31 (0)24 361 47 63 including those from the American Academy of Micro- F: +31 (0)24 354 17 34 biology and the International Cytokine Society. In 2013 E: [email protected] he received an award for Excellence in Clinical Research I: www.n4i.nl from the European Society for Clinical Investigation.

pathophysiology of infection with major pathogens (e.g. pneumo- cocci, staphylococci, malaria parasites) and modulating immuno- logical responses using humoral and cellular tools (e.g. regulatory T cells). They will also examine the role of epithelial barriers in disease, the correlates of protection in poverty-related infections, and the role of apoptosis-induced auto-antigen modifications in initiating autoimmunity.

Examples of new projects are: Microbiome and skin diseases (Dr P. Zeeuwen, NWO fellowship); A study of protective immunity and testing of new anti-malaria drugs in the controlled human malaria infection model (Prof. R. Sauerwein, Bill & Melinda Gates Founda- tion and Novartis); Determinants of rapid onset of atherosclerosis (Dr J. Van Diepen, Diabetes fund); New ways to treat gout (Dr L. Joosten, Reuma fund); Right on TAR-get (Prof. J. Schalkwijk, N4i grant); The interplay between inflammation and lipids pattern – a new chapter: IL-32 and HDL (Dr C. Popa, N4i grant); Epigenetic control of the dark side of regulatory T-cells in psoriasis (Dr H Koenen, N4i grant); The role of CD8+ T-cells in pre-erythrocytic immunity against Plasmodium falciparum malaria (Prof. R. Sauerwein, N4i grant), Can IL37 restrain inflammation and rejection of the transplanted kidney? (Dr W. Pulskens, Kidney Foundation).

The tradition of annual international Summer Frontiers Symposia on immunology will be continued in 2014. The next symposium is entitled ‘Age & Immunity’ and renowned international guest speakers have accepted an invitation.

2013 research report 101 Nijmegen Centre for Evidence-Based Practice

The latest technologies for orthopaedic diagnosis and treatment are being developed and applied.

Discoveries in medical science that prove to be The NCEBP comprises four closely interrelated research valid, cost-effective and feasible should be applied programmes, each consisting of three or four research themes. in clinical practice. How an early discovery finds its Epidemiology and Evaluation (Prof. Maroeska Rovers) way into clinical practice, however, is a science in Theme: Molecular epidemiology (Prof. Bart Kiemeney) itself. This is the main research focus of NCEBP. In this theme the main focus is on identifying molecular/metabolic Three issues are central: are findings resulting and genetic determinants for disease and disease outcomes. Most of the research focuses on cancer, but other multifactorial diseases from laboratory or animal research also applicable are also studied where there are overlapping specific mechanistic to human patients? Does applying them reduce pathways (e.g. the 1-carbon metabolism) or overlapping research sickness or mortality? And, if so, how should they methodologies (e.g. genome-wide association analyses). Research be introduced as a structural part of daily clinical addresses aetiological, diagnostic, prognostic and intervention issues. practice and public health? These issues are addressed in fields such as cancer, chronic Theme: Evaluation of complex medical interventions pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease and (Prof. Gert Jan van der Wilt) dementia. The NCEBP is bridging the gap Healthcare interventions can be complex in various ways. They may be technically complex or demand considerable delivery skills. between science and society. They may also comprise multiple components (including contextual factors), each contributing critically to achieving the desired end-

102 radboud university nijmegen Staff

Prof. T. van Achterberg (o) Prof. W.M. Prokop (o) Prof. W.J.J. Assendelft (o) Prof. P.L.C.M. van Riel (o) Prof. C. de Baat (e) Prof. M. Ritskes - Hoitinga (o) Prof. S.J. Berge (o) Prof. G.A.P.J.M. Rongen (o) point. Finally, they may be complex in terms of their effects, which Prof. J.J. van Binsbergen (o) Prof. M.M. Rovers (o) can be many and varied, difficult to measure, and differentially Prof. G. Bleijenberg (o) Prof. H.M.J. van Schrojenstein distributed over time. These types of complexity pose considerable Prof. B.R. Bloem (o) Lantman (o) challenges to those evaluating healthcare interventions. Appropriate Prof. M.J. de Boer (o) Prof. L.J. Schultze Kool (o) methodologies for such evaluation are developed and tested. Prof. G.F. Borm (o) Prof. J.L.R.M. Smeets (o) Prof. W.J.H.M. van den Bosch (o) Prof. P.A.G.M. de Smet (o) Theme: Infectious diseases and international health Prof. D.D.M. Braat (o) Prof. J.W.A. Smit (o) (Dr Rob Baltussen) Prof. J.K. Buitelaar (o) Prof. P. Smits (o) The main goal here is to improve health in both low and high- Prof. D.M. Burger (o) Prof. A.E.M. Speckens (o) income countries by developing the evidence needed for decision- Prof. N.H.J. Creugers (o) Prof. J. Spijker (o) making. To this end, research in clinical, public health and Prof. A.M. van Dulmen (e) Prof. A.F.H. Stalenhoef (o) economic disciplines is integrated. The focus is on 1) poverty- Prof. J.E.J. Duysens (o) Prof. H. Suryapranata (o) related diseases, 2) public health and health systems in developing Prof. G. Elwyn (o) Prof. H.A. van Swieten (o) countries, and 3) general infectious diseases. Researchers also invest Prof. B.G.M. van Engelen (o) Prof. F.P.H.A. Vandenbussche (o) in building capacity, i.e. training local people to independently Prof. A.W.M. Evers (o) Prof. J. van der Velden (o) conduct research in low-income countries. Prof. R.J. van der Gaag (o) Prof. A.J.A.M. van der Ven (o) Prof. A.C.H. Geurts (o) Prof. A.L.M. Verbeek (o) Clinical Research (Prof. Sander Geurts) Prof. J.J. Goeman (o) Prof. N.J.J. Verdonschot (p) Theme: Human reproduction (Prof. Jan Kremer) Prof. H. van Goor (o) Prof. F.W.A. Verheugt (o) Advances in knowledge, an increase in demand for interventions Prof. H.G. Gooszen (o) Prof. M.J.F.J. Vernooij-Dassen (o) and a growing awareness of the potential for prevention, diagnosis Prof. J. de Graaf (o) Prof. M.E. Vierhout (o) and therapy have made human reproduction an exciting research Prof. W.T.A. van der Graaf (o) Prof. K.C.P. Vissers (o) area. Relevant issues include the aetiology and prevention of repro- Prof. J.A. Grotenhuis (o) Prof. C.P.M. van der Vleuten (o) ductive and developmental disorders, as well as the safety, effective- Prof. L.W.E. van Heurn (o) Prof. C. van Weel (o) ness and patient-centeredness of reproductive and obstetric care. Prof. M.T.E. Hopman (o) Prof. G.D.E.M. van der Weijden (o) Prof. C.B. Hoyng (o) Prof. M.J.P. Wensing (o) Theme: Human movement and fatigue (Prof. Sander Geurts) Prof. M.E.J.L. Hulscher (o) Prof. G.P. Westert (o) Many neurological, orthopaedic and oncological diseases affect Prof. M.C.D.N.J.M. Huysmans (o) Prof. M.H.W.A. Wijnen (o) the ability to move and physical fitness and may also cause excessive Prof. C.A.J. de Jong (o) Prof. G.J. van der Wilt (o) fatigue. By analyzing biomechanics, motor control and physical Prof. A. van Kampen (o) Prof. J.A. Witjes (o) activity – as well as their interaction with cognition and emotion – Prof. P.C.M. van de Kerkhof (o) Prof. J.R.L.M. Wolf (o) this research is designed to disentangle the generic determinants Prof. R.P.C. Kessels (o) Prof. S. Wyke (o) from the disease-specific determinants of musculoskeletal impair- Prof. J.E.E. Keunen (o) Prof. G.A. Zielhuis (o) ments, movement disability, reduced physical fitness and fatigue. Prof. L.A.L.M. Kiemeney (o) Both mechanistic and clinical research issues are addressed. Prof. R.T.C.M. Koopmans (o) Tenured Prof. F.W. Kraaimaat (o) Full Professors 28.5 FTE Theme: Cardiovascular diseases (Prof. Gerard Rongen) Prof. J.A.M. Kremer (o) Associate Professors 8.9 FTE The main aim of the researchers working within this theme is to Prof. A.M. Kuijpers-Jagtman (o) Assistant Professors 26.4 FTE achieve greater understanding of the pathogenesis of cardiovascular Prof. R.F.J.M. Laan (o) Researchers 51.0 FTE disease. The focus is on the mechanisms and consequences of Prof. C.J.H.M. van Laarhoven (o) vascular injury. This theme covers human in vivo proof-of-concept Prof. A.L.M. Lagro - Janssen (o) Non-tenured studies as well as studies that are extended from concept to evidence- Prof. E. van Leeuwen (o) Researchers 122.5 FTE based medicine. The genetic and metabolic causes of atherosclerosis Prof. J.W.M. Lenders (o) Doctoral candidates 121.2 FTE and thrombosis – and of their risk factors – are investigated. Prof. F.K. Lotgering (o) Regulating vascular tone in health and disease is another impor- Prof. A.H.E.M. Maas (o) Research funding tant research topic. Prof. M.A.W. Merkx (o) Prof. M.W.G. Nijhuis - van der Patient-centred Interventions (Prof. Andrea Evers) Sanden (o) Theme: Effective primary care and public health (Prof. Pim Assendelft) Prof. M.G.M. Olde Rikkert (o) This research theme was established to support healthcare in the Prof. R.A.B. Oostendorp (e) primary care population. The main challenges are promoting and Prof. H.J. Out (e) preserving the health and functioning of ageing populations. Prof. A.J.P.M. Overbeke (e) Prof. J.B. Prins (o) Core Grants Contracts

2012 research report 103 Nijmegen Centre for Evidence-Based Practice

Healthcare must be provided for all patient groups in the commu- Theme: Healthcare ethics (Prof. Evert van Leeuwen) nity (regardless of health problems, gender and age or social class) Work within this theme involves studying the ethical aspects of while combining a variety of approaches: health promotion, disease change processes. On a philosophical level, a conceptual analysis prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases, rehabilitation, is made of the theories and concepts that underlie the processes of supporting patients and palliative care. change. Together these studies make it possible to evaluate existing care in the light of changing norms and values, and they contribute Theme: Psychological determinants of chronic illness to improving decision-making and the quality of care. (Prof. Andrea Evers) The focus here is on improving the diagnostics and treatment of Theme: Quality of nursing and allied healthcare patients with chronic somatic illnesses, in particular with regard (Prof. Theo van Achterberg) to the psychological determinants and consequences of somatic Challenges covered by this theme include a search for scientific conditions. There are two linked sub-themes: ‘Psychological factors evidence to support clinical practice and professional development. in chronic somatic illnesses’ and ‘Cognitive dysfunction’. Both focus While Medical care focuses on the diagnostics and treatment of on the psychological and neuro-psychological risk factors, conse- diseases and their cure, Nursing and associated healthcare focuses quences, diagnostics and treatments of these conditions in adults on preventing disease and the consequences of illness and disease and children. for human functioning, activities and participation.

Theme: Mental health (Prof. Anne Speckens) Research facilities The aim of researchers working within this theme is to study the Within the NCEBP, databases, ICT networks, registries and clinical determinants, prevalence, prognostic significance and treatment research facilities are key because of the Centre’s research focus of mental health problems from a patient-centred perspective. on clinical and population studies. Important examples of research The focus is on mood disorders, somatoform disorders, violence facilities include: against partner, ADHD and Autistic Spectrum Disorders. Many • Academic networks of GP practices (including the GP Continuous projects involve a developmental perspective and the study of the Morbidity Registration), nursing homes, institutions for people precursors, longitudinal course and age-related manifestations with an intellectual disability, municipality health services, care of these disorders. facilities for homeless people and dental care sites. • Large databases and biobanks of general population samples Theme: Nijmegen Alzheimer Centre (Prof. Myrra Vernooij-Dassen) (The Nijmegen Biomedical Study) and of specific patient groups The Nijmegen Alzheimer Centre develops and evaluates support in the Radboud Biobank (e.g. congenital malformations, cancer, programmes in order to improve the quality of care and quality rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel diseases). of life for people with dementia and their families. Researchers • A clinical research centre (CRCN) offering logistics and data working within this theme contribute to fundamental knowledge management for human intervention studies. on Alzheimer’s disease. • A pharmacology research laboratory comprising a wide variety of human in vivo models for proof-of-concept studies. Quality of clinical practice (Prof. Michel Wensing) • A consultation facility for statistical genetics, cost-effectiveness Theme: Implementation science (Prof. Michel Wensing) issues, biostatistics and quality of care. The emphasis here is on improving healthcare practice, with a • A unique multidirectional balance perturbation platform to specific focus on primary care. It includes developing and evaluating study human postural control at the limits of stability. performance indicators, interventions designed to achieve sustainable • The ‘Koploper programme’, a healthcare innovation in which change, and the factors associated with changes in performance. professionals in primary care, public health, allied healthcare Research fields include the education of health professionals, workers and the hospital jointly develop new approaches to pharmaceutical patient care, out-of-hours care, structured chronic prevention and care. care and patient safety. • The Minimal Invasive Technology expert Centre (MITeC) for evaluation of surgical innovations. Theme: Quality of hospital and integrated care (Dr Hub Wollersheim) • A SYstematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Research within this theme is designed to measure and improve the Experimentation (www.SYRCLE.nl). quality and safety of patient care in hospitals, home care and nursing • A psychophysiological research laboratory. homes. In addition, handovers between these three settings or • MijnZorgnet, an online platform for Personal Health handovers with general practice are studied. Research covers clinical Communities. Patients ‘own’ this online space with their patient care across a wide range of diseases. This involves developing medical information and communication. and evaluating quality indicators and effective implementation strategies, including integrated care systems.

104 radboud university nijmegen Prof. Nico Verdonschot (Professor of Biomechanics of Implantates) uses his ERC advanced grant (which he received in 2012) to perform ground-breaking research that is extending diagnostics and evaluation methods for orthopaedic patients.

Collaboration The NCEBP collaborates for research and/or faculty exchange Although several research lines in the NCEBP are leading world- with more than 40 universities around the world and with the wide, the Institute as a whole is best known at the national level. European Union/ECDC, the WHO, UNESCO, the Centre on To make the transition to an international level, NCEBP reserves Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, various Centres two junior researcher positions annually for projects proposed by for Disease Control and Prevention, INSERM (Paris), several a NCEBP researcher together with an international partner. The Cochrane Centres, the MRC in London and deCODE Genetics appointed PhD student should carry out at least one year of the in Reykjavik, Iceland. Within the scope of the EU 7th Framework research abroad. Furthermore, a researcher or teacher from abroad Programmes EuroTARGET, IMPACT, AFRESH, TICD, EUWISE, is annually honoured with the newly established ‘Richard Grol TACTICS, TLEM-Safe, the institute collaborates with numerous Visiting Scientist Award’. This award was designed to establish public and private organisations. new collaborations with foreign institutes in Health Sciences. Research results There are formal collaborations with the Universities of Twente, In 2013, two PhD theses were judged to be of outstanding quality Eindhoven and Groningen for, e.g., MITeC and with the TU Delft, (cum laude): those written by Dr Erik Bischoff (‘Self-management the University of Twente, Erasmus MC, LUMC and VUmc within of COPD and its exacerbations’) and by Dr John van de Ven the IMDI (innovative medical devices initiative) for Neurocontrol. (‘Cuticular drusen. Clinical and genetic studies on a subtype of At the Institute level, there is a formal partnership in the Royal age-related macular degeneration’). Some other research highlights Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)-accredited are listed below. research school CaRe, together with CAPHRI (UM), NIVEL and • The Nijmegen Biomedical Study database and biobank was used EMGO+ (VUmc). in more than 140 scientific papers since 2007 with a cumulative Impact Factor (IF) of more than 2000 (mean IF = 16 per paper). The Institute has formal ties with the HAN University of Applied • Dr Bousema and colleagues completed the first ever dose-finding Sciences, specifically in nursing sciences, physical therapy and study on primaquine for blocking malaria transmission. musculoskeletal and neurohabilitation therapy, and with the • Prof. Maroeska Rovers was invited to write advice on open access Nederlands Paramedisch Instituut. The Institute is also a formal to participant data for the UK parliament with her colleagues partner in ‘Sterker op eigen benen’, a consortium of five service from the Cochrane IPD methods group. providers for people with intellectual disabilities. Within the • Dr Niels Riksen and co-workers published a novel hypothesis on Academic Collaborative Centre AMPHI the institute is collaborating the role of epigenetic changes in monocytes in the development with seven Community Health Services (GGD), in a programme to of atherosclerosis. improve cooperation and knowledge transfer among practitioners, • Dr Bart Staal reached the New York Times with his publication policy-makers and researchers. NCEBP has long lasting collabora- in the Journal of the American Medical Association in which he tions with the Comprehensive Cancer Centre The Netherlands points out that there is hardly any evidence that multiple spinal (IKNL), the National Expert and Training Centre for Breast injection shots reduce pain in the long term. Cancer Screening (LRCB), the RIVM, NIVEL, and VWS.

2013 research report 105 Nijmegen Centre for Evidence-Based Practice

Key publications

Aalbers, T., Baars, M.A.E., Olde Rikkert, M.G. & Kessels, R.P.C. (2013). Lutomski, J.E., Baars, M.A.E., Schalk, B.W.M, Boter, H., Buurman, Puzzling With Online Games (BAM-COG): Reliability, Validity, and B.M., Elzen, W.P. den, Jansen, A.P., Kempen, G.I.J.M., Steunenberg, Feasibility of an Online Self-Monitor for Cognitive Performance in B., Steyerberg, E.W., Olde Rikkert, M.G., Melis, R.J.F. & Consortium, Aging Adults. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 15(12), e270. T.-M. (2013). The Development of the Older Persons and Informal Caregivers Survey Minimum DataSet (TOPICS-MDS): A Large-Scale Bekkering, S., Joosten, L.A.B., Meer, J.W.M. van der, Netea, M.G. & Data Sharing Initiative. PLoS ONE, 8(12), e81673. Riksen, N.P. (2013). Trained innate immunity and atherosclerosis. Current Opinion in Lipidology, 24(6), 487-92. Umicevic-Mirkov, M., Cui, J., Vermeulen, S., Stahl, E.A., Toonen, E.J.M., Makkinje, R.R., Lee, A.T., Huizinga, T.W.J., Allaart, R., Barton, Berg, S.W. van den, Peters, E.J., Kraaijeveld, J.F., Gielissen, M.F.M. & A., Mariette, X., Miceli, C.R., Criswell, L.A., Tak, P.P., Vries, N de, Prins, J.B. (2013). Usage of a generic web-based self-management Saevarsdottir, S., Padyukov, L., Bridges Jr, S.L., Schaardenburg, D.J. intervention for breast cancer survivors: substudy analysis of the van, Jansen, T.L.Th.A., Dutmer, E.A., Laar, M.A. van der, Barrera, P., BREATH trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 15(8), e170. Radstake, T.R.D.J., Riel, P.L.C.M. van, Scheffer, H., Franke, B., Brunner, H.G., Plenge, R.M., Gregersen, P.K., Guchelaar, H.J. & Coenen, M.J.H. Huis, A.M.P., Schoonhoven, L., Grol, R.P.T.M., Donders, R., Hulscher, (2013). Genome-wide association analysis of anti-TNF drug response M.E.J.L. & Achterberg, T. van (2013). Impact of a team and leaders- in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Annals of the Rheumatic directed strategy to improve nurses’ adherence to hand hygiene Diseases, 72(8), 1375-81. guidelines: A cluster randomised trial. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 50(4), 464-74. Munckhof, I. van den, Riksen, N.P., Seeger, J.P.H., Schreuder, T.H.A., Borm, G.F., Eijsvogels, T.M.H., Hopman, M.T.E., Rongen, G.A.P.J.M. Broek, R.P. Ten, Strik, C., Issa, Y., Bleichrodt, R.P. & Goor, H. van & Thijssen, D.H.J. (2013). Aging attenuates the protective effect of (2013). Adhesiolysis-Related Morbidity in Abdominal Surgery. ischemic preconditioning against endothelial ischemia-reperfusion Annals of Surgery, 258(1), 98-106. injury in humans. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 304(12), H1727-32. Dijk, W.D. van, Heijdra, Y.F., Lenders, J.W.M., Klerx, W., Akkermans, R.P., Pouw, A. van der, Weel, C. van, Scheepers, P.T.J. & Schermer, Nimwegen, M.L. van, Speelman, A.D., Overeem, S., Warrenburg, T.R.J. (2013). Cigarette smoke retention and bronchodilation in B.P.C. van de, Smulders, K., Dontje, M.L., Borm, G.F., Backx, F.J., patients with COPD. A controlled randomized trial. Respiratory Bloem, B.R., Munneke, M. & et. al., . (2013). Promotion of physical Medicine, 107(1), 112-9. activity and fitness in sedentary patients with Parkinson’s disease: randomised controlled trial. British Medical Journal, 346, f576. Galesloot, T.E., Geurts-Moespot, A., Heijer, M. den, Sweep, F.C., Fleming, R.E., Kiemeney, L.A.L.M., Vermeulen, S. & Swinkels, D.W. Ruslami, R., Ganiem, A.R., Dian, S., Apriani, L., Achmad, T.H., Ven, (2013). Associations of common variants in HFE and TMPRSS6 with A.J.A.M. van der, Borm, G.F., Aarnoutse, R.E. & Crevel, R. van (2013). iron parameters are independent of serum hepcidin in a general Intensified regimen containing rifampicin and moxifloxacin for population: a replication study. Journal of Medical Genetics, 50(9), tuberculous meningitis: an open-label, randomised controlled 593-8. phase 2 trial. Lancet Infectious Diseases, 13(1), 27-35.

Hannink, G.J., Gooszen, H.G. & Rovers, M.M. (2013). Comparison of Sawa, P., Shekalaghe, S., Drakeley, C., Sutherland, C.J., Mweresa, registered and published primary outcomes in randomized clinical C.K., Baidjoe, A.Y., Manjurano, A., Kavishe, R.A., Beshir, K.B., Yussuf, trials of surgical interventions. Annals of Surgery, 257(5), 818-23. R.U., Omar, S.A., Hermsen, C.C., Okell, L., Schallig, H.D., Sauerwein, R.W., Hallett, R.L. & Bousema, T. (2013). Malaria transmission after Leontjevas, R., Gerritsen, D.L., Smalbrugge, M., Teerenstra, S., artemether-lumefantrine and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine: Vernooij-Dassen, M.J.F.J. & Koopmans, R.T.C.M. (2013). A structural a randomized trial. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 207(11), 1637-45. multidisciplinary approach to depression management in nursing- home residents: a multicentre, stepped-wedge cluster-randomised trial. Lancet, 381(9885), 2255-64.

106 radboud university nijmegen • Dr Tjard Schermer and colleagues discovered that the harmful effects of cigarette smoking on the lungs are not amplified Spies, P.E., Claassen, J.A.H.R., Peer, P.G.M., Blankenstein, M.A., when patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Teunissen, C.E., Scheltens, P., Flier, W.M. van der, Olde Rikkert, are given maximal inhaled bronchodilator treatment. M.G.M. & Verbeek, M.M. (2013). A prediction model to calculate • A multicentre randomized controlled trial, performed by Prof. probability of Alzheimer’s disease using cerebrospinal fluid Judith Prins and colleagues, was the first study to demonstrate biomarkers. Alzheimers & Dementia, 9(3), 262-8. the effectiveness of a self management website for early breast cancer survivors (Breath) in reducing distress after curative Spijker, A., Teerenstra, S., Wollersheim, H.C.H., Adang, E.M.M., treatment. Verhey, F. & Vernooij-Dassen, M.J.F.J. (2013). Influence of adherence • TOPICS-MDS, a large-scale data-sharing initiative led by to a systematic care program for caregivers of dementia patients. Radboudumc for sharing the minimal datasets collected from American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 21(1), 26-36. all participants in the Nationaal Programma Ouderenzorg (n = 30,000 - 40,000) is open for external applications. Staal, J.B., Nelemans, P.J. & Bie, R.A. de (2013). Spinal injection • Brain Aging Monitor-Cognitive Assessment Battery (BAM-COG), therapy for low back pain. JAMA-Journal of the American Medical developed by Prof. Marcel Olde Rikkert, Prof. Roy Kessels and Association, 309(23), 2439-40. colleagues, has proven to validly assess cognitive function by playing online serious games. This also allows people to do the Thijs, A.M.J., Herpen, C.M.L. van, Sweep, F.C., Geurts-Moespot, A., assessment themselves at home. Smits, P., Graaf, W.T.A. van der & Rongen, G.A.P.J.M. (2013). Role of • The group led by Dr Marcel Verbeek developed an algorithm to endogenous vascular endothelial growth factor in endothelium- predict the chance of Alzheimer’s disease based on CSF analysis. dependent vasodilation in humans. Hypertension, 61(5), 1060-5. • A Lancet study by Prof. Myrra Vernooij-Dassen and colleagues showed that a structural approach to managing depression in Waal, A.C. de, Aben, K.K.H., Rossum, M.M. van & Kiemeney, L.A.L.M. nursing homes can reduce the prevalence of depression in (2013). Melanoma of unknown primary origin: a population-based somatic units. study in the Netherlands. European Journal of Cancer, 49(3), 676-83. • In a large cluster randomized trial the group led by Prof. Theo van Achterberg and Dr Lisette Schoonhoven showed that it is possible to improve the hand hygiene of nurses in hospitals Dissertations: 89 by 32%. Scientific publications: 1754 • After a pilot phase in the Nijmegen region, the PRegnancy and Patents: 3 Infant DEvelopment (PRIDE) Study was taken to the national level to include as many pregnant women as possible in this long-term cohort.

Awards and acknowledgements • Prof. Bart Kiemeney received the Dominique Chopin Distinguished Researcher Award from the European Society for Urological Research. • Prof. Andrea Evers received an ERC consolidator grant for the project ‘Empowering expectations for health and disease: Training the immune and endocrine system’. • Prof. Ria Nijhuis-van der Sanden received the Paul Helders Award for her achievements in children’s physiotherapy. • Prof. Chris van Weel was awarded with a fellowship of the World Organization of National Colleges, Academies and Academic Associations of General Practitioners/Family Physicians. • The healthcare portal Zorg- en WelzijnsInformatiePortaal, ZWIP (www.zwip.nl), was chosen by the public as the most important care innovation from the Dutch national programme for care of the elderly Nationaal Programma Ouderenzorg. • The tool EASY-Care Twostep Older people Screening (TOS) and ZWIP were awarded the Dutch ‘De Eerstelijns Transformatieprijs’.

2013 research report 107 Nijmegen Centre for Evidence-Based Practice

• Prof. Gert Westert gave the 2013 NFU - Health Lecture entitled of the clavicle and a method for calculating bone strength in ‘Keuzes maken; onontkoombare vragen over het toenemende patients with metastasized cancer. zorgaanbod’ (Making choices; inevitable questions about the • Prof. Maroeska Rovers and Prof. Andrea Evers are board members increasing pressure on health care). of the Dutch Researchers Innovational Research Incentives • Prof. Gert Westert gave an invited lecture entitled ‘Public Scheme (Veni-Vidi-Vici). reporting and accountability, the Dutch experience’ for the • Prof. Pim Assendelft, Prof. Wil van den Bosch, Prof. Didi Braat, Australian National Health Performance Authority. Prof. Richard Grol, Prof. Maria Hopman, Prof. Toine Lagro, Dr Nel Roeleveld, Prof. Anne Speckens, Prof. André Verbeek, Prof. Societal impact Gert Jan van der Wilt and Prof. Gerhard Zielhuis are members Much – if not most – of NCEBP research has direct societal of the Health Council of the Netherlands. impact and/or is immediately implemented in clinical care or public health. Achieving societal impact is, in fact, one of its main Future research aims. NCEBP researchers also make a significant contribution to The Institute will continue to invest in research facilities such as numerous national and international guidelines and reports and biobanks as well as in large national and international networks. sit on important committees. NCEBP researchers develop perfor- The focus of research will increasingly be on personalized health- mance indicators for primary and hospital care that are used for care and patient-centred interventions. For example, researchers contracts for performance-related systems and they write evidence- working in the Department of Rehabilitation will investigate – in based treatment guidelines and implementation plans for these collaboration with the University of British Columbia – whether guidelines. Some highlights in 2013 were: neuroimaging techniques can be used to personalize treatment • Dr Rob Baltussen contributed to the WHO guidelines of HIV for improving postural balance after stroke. Dr Mireille Broeders’ treatment. His PhD student Rik Viergever contributed to a group will start a project on personalized breast cancer screening chapter in the latest World Health Report on setting health using a TOP grant. Within the AGORA databank and biobank, research priorities. new research projects, financed by NutsOhra, on individual risk • The CELSUS program was initiated by IQ healthcare and VWS. prediction for hypospadias and renal function will start. This is a unique project in which policy makers and researchers work together on healthcare sustainability, one of the most The cancer epidemiology group started a new research line on enduring societal problems. the pharmacogenetics of urological cancers and on the efficacy • Dr Mireille Broeders contributed to various information films of routine follow-up in cancer. Furthermore, the effect of dietary on breast cancer screening. and lifestyle factors on the prognosis and quality of life of bladder • Prof. Harry van Goor spoke about the use of Google Glass in cancer patients will be studied in a project funded by Alpe d’HuZes surgery on Dutch TV. and the Dutch Cancer Society. • The report ‘De Verpleegkundig Specialist biedt kansen. Onder- zoeksrapport naar de inzet van Verpleegkundig Specialisten op The group led by Prof. Marcel Olde Rikkert and Dr René Melis de spoedpost te Eindhoven’ was presented to DG Curative Care will develop, implement and evaluate a networked care model for Leon van Halder. dementia (AlzheimerNet), which can serve as a blueprint for • The online health community ZWIP (Zorg- en WelzijnsInformatie- networked elderly care and chronic care in general. Portaal), which was developed as part of a Nationaal Programma Ouderenzorg transition project, is now part of the product port- With a €5.2 million STW Perspectief grant for a joint programme folio of Protopics (http://www.protopics.nl). Care organizations ‘Symbionics’, the Department of Rehabilitation – in collaboration that aim to implement the tool can now also be reimbursed, with the University of Twente, TU Delft, UMC Groningen, UMC demonstrating the viability of the tool. Maastricht en VUmc – will work on improving assistive devices in • Research findings on Growth Hormone treatment and training people with disabilities. in infants with Prader Willi Syndrome were implemented in international guidelines. Whereas both the FDA/EMA require new drugs to undergo rigorous • Dr Dick Thijssen is leading a pan-European consortium of premarket clinical trials, the introduction of surgical procedures experts on Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) to construct and devices is not regulated. The ambition of the group led by Prof. reference values for FMD. Maroeska Rovers is to revolutionize surgical clinical science, so that • The Foundation of Technical Sciences in The Netherlands surgical procedures become more patient tailored, safer and efficient. (STW) approved three valorisation grant applications from the With a €1.1 million grant from the Province of Gelderland the orthopaedic department. These grants are used to commercialize group will investigate minimally invasive surgery and radiotherapy research projects. The topics of the three projects are: a new in an MRI setting in the surgery room. meniscus prosthesis, an innovative system for fixing fractures

108 radboud university nijmegen Director: Prof. Bart Kiemeney Nijmegen Centre for Evidence-Based Practice After a short career as a physiotherapist, Bart Kiemeney was trained as an epidemiologist at Postal address Radboud University Medical Center. In 1992- 148 NCEBP 1994 he received further training in clinical Radboud university medical center epidemiology at the University of Washington, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen Seattle WA and in genetic epidemiology at The Netherlands the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. In 2003 he was appointed Professor of Visiting address Cancer Epidemiology at Radboud University Geert Grooteplein 21 Nijmegen. His research focuses on the genetic Route 148, Nijmegen causes and pharmacogenetics of urological cancers. T: +31 (0)24 361 46 39 F: +31 (0)24 361 42 14 E: [email protected] I: www.rihs.nl

The ageing of the Dutch population will create enormous quality and efficiency challenges for healthcare. Cost-effectiveness will be central to healthcare policy for the next few decades. Maintaining the accessibility of healthcare for all will become a major challenge. NCEBP’s Department of IQ healthcare will continue to conduct research that will underpin accessibility solutions within its extensive knowledge programme matters funded by the Dutch Ministry of Health.

Healthcare networks will be one of the key areas of innovation in NCEBP’s research in the years ahead. Crucial communication and information sharing in healthcare is increasingly being facilitated by new technologies. Better understanding of network-related mechanisms in the networks of both patients and health profes- sionals can provide new targets for improving healthcare delivery.

The NCEBP’s Epidemiology and Evaluation programme will con­ tinue to shift its focus from aetiology research to research related to prognostic/predictive aspects and the quality of care. For this, the new hospital information system (HIS) EPIC, which was launched in the autumn of 2013, will be extremely important, as it will improve observational research. Patient-oriented research will be supported by large biobanks such as the Radboud Biobank. Whole-genome sequencing costs will be reduced to such an– extent that sequencing of large patients series will become possible. This will create tremen- dous opportunities for pharmacogenetics research.

2013 research report 109 Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences

The procedure of making an imaging agent, in this case not for clinical use. A fluorescent dye is being added.

Researchers at the Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Research is concentrated within seven main research themes, Life Sciences (NCMLS) seek to achieve greater which overlap with the University’s ‘Top focus areas’, each dealing with understanding the molecular basis of disease. insight into the complexity of living cells in order to obtain comprehensive knowledge of both normal 1) Infection & Inflammation and pathological processes. These goals are pursued This theme covers two important areas of biomedical research: in the interests of fundamental research and educa- • Infectious diseases: The focus here is on the role of the innate immune system in pathogen recognition and host defence tion. Another central aim is to advance innovation (against fungal, bacterial and viral infections), on pathogen- in translational research by integrating diverse host interactions, vector biology, anti-microbial drugs and the areas of scientific expertise within the molecular development of drug resistance, vaccine development and the and medical sciences. role of pathogens in the development of (chronic) inflammatory diseases. • Inflammatory diseases: The aim is to identify disease mechanisms NCMLS is a leading multidisciplinary research school in the that encompass both the innate and adaptive immune system molecular mechanisms of disease and particularly in molecular as well as modifier genes and post-translational modifications, medicine, cell biology and translational research. NCMLS including auto-antigens, to explain the tissue specificity of accommodates research groups from the university medical conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, centre (Radboudumc) and the Faculty of Science at the University. gouty arthritis, psoriasis, and systemic lupus erythematosus.

110 radboud university nijmegen 2) Immune Regulation Staff This theme covers immunological and haematological research in three major biomedical fields: Prof. G.J. Adema (o) Prof. J.A.M. Smeitink (o) • Molecular and functional analysis of normal and malignant Prof. J.O. Barentsz (o) Prof. D. van Soolingen (e) blood cell development and immune control: the theme includes Prof. J.H.M. Berden (o) Prof. J.N. Spelbrink (o) analysis of dendritic cells, regulatory T-cells and natural killer Prof. W.B. van den Berg (o) Prof. H.G. Stunnenberg (o) cells and aims at defining regulatory circuits effective in tolerance Prof. R.J.M. Bindels (o) Prof. V. Subramaniam (o) and immunity. Prof. O.C. Boerman (o) Prof. D.J.O. Ulrich (o) • Immunotherapy of cancer: development and clinical application Prof. J.H.L.M. van Bokhoven (o) Prof. G.J.C. Veenstra (o) of vaccination and imaging strategies for solid and haematopoietic Prof. U. Brandt (o) Prof. P.E. Verweij (o) malignancies and their microenvironment. Prof. R.E. Brock (o) Prof. J. de Vlieg (o) • Organ transplantation: development and clinical application Prof. H.G. Brunner (o) Prof. A. Voss (o) of novel immune monitoring and intervention approaches in Prof. P. Buma (p) Prof. G. Vriend (o) kidney transplantation. Prof. C.E.L. Carels (o) Prof. I.J.M. de Vries (o) Prof. F.P.M. Cremers (p) Prof. P. Wesseling (o) 3) Regenerative Medicine & Microenvironment Prof. P.M.T. Deen (o) Prof. B. Wieringa (o) Within this theme, the two main topics are: Prof. J.M.A. van Deursen (o) Prof. T.J.M. de Witte (o) • Regenerative medicine: tissue-engineered constructs, based on Prof. J.P.H. Drenth (o) Prof. E.J.J. van Zoelen (o) extracellular matrix molecules, polymers and effector molecules, Prof. W.F.J. Feitz (o) are designed and fabricated, and analysed in vitro and in vivo. Prof. C.G. Figdor (o) Smart organ-specific bioscaffolds are prepared in such a way Prof. P.H.A. Friedl (o) Tenured that they provide appropriate signals to the cells (to proliferate, Prof. W.R. Gerritsen (o) Full Professors 32.4 FTE migrate or differentiate). The focus here is on ceramics, calcium Prof. A.H.M. Geurts van Kessel (o) Associate Professors 16.5 FTE phosphates, collagens, glycosaminoglycans and effector mole- Prof. H. van Goor (o) Assistant Professors 26.0 FTE cules in relation to a selected number of tissues, i.e. cartilage/ Prof. W.J. de Grip (e) Researchers 27.7 FTE bone, skin, kidney and urogenital organs). Prof. A. Heerschap (o) • Microenvironment in health and disease: the focus here is on Prof. P.W.M. Hermans (o) Non-tenured collagens, glycosaminoglycans, matrix metalloproteinases and Prof. L.P.W.J. van den Heuvel (o) Researchers 134.0 FTE a number of effector molecules. The role of these components Prof. L.B. Hilbrands (o) Doctoral candidates 186.0 FTE in cancers, nephropathies and degenerative cartilage diseases Prof. J.G.J. Hoenderop (o) is studied in vitro as well as in vivo. Strategies to restore homeo- Prof. P.M. Hoogerbrugge (o) Research funding stasis in deranged and disease-associated microenvironments Prof. N. Hoogerbrugge - van der are pursued, including the use of glycomimetics. Linden (o) Prof. M.A. Huijnen (o) 4) Energy & Redox Metabolism Prof. J.A. Jansen (o) Researchers in this area aim to improve our understanding of the Prof. J.H. Jansen (o) principles of chemical and biochemical adaptation to energy and Prof. I. Joosten (p) redox stress, in order to better define healthy responses within the Prof. J.M.J. Kremer (o) normal physiological range and the pathophysiological thresholds Prof. J.H.J.M. van Krieken (o) Core Grants Contracts for diseases in which mitochondrial function or energy transfer Prof. B.J. Kullberg (o) pathways are compromised. This research contributes to the well- Prof. N.H. Lubsen (p) being and treatment of mitochondrial disease patients and those Prof. L.F.A.G. Massuger (o) with other conditions in which energy metabolism is compromised. Prof. G.J. Meijer (o) Research is concentrated in three areas: Prof. J.W. Mouton (o) • ‘imaging’ of ATP/ADP/AMP and NAD(P)H concentration and Prof. M.G. Netea (o) fate with existing and novel biosensor reporters Prof. C.J.A. Punt (o) • ‘imaging’ of metabolite fate with MRS and MRI Prof. F.G.M. Russel (o) • the use of new strategies to follow mitochondrial shape and Prof. R.W. Sauerwein (o) activity as well as cellular metabolic state and viability. The Prof. J.A. Schalken (p) integration of ‘4D’ imaging and simultaneous recording Prof. J. Schalkwijk (o) of the behaviour of small molecules and macromolecular assemblies and cellular organelles is an important challenge.

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Dr Mangala Srinivas (Assistant Professor of Tumor Immunology) received an ERC Starting grant to study the development and application of contrast agents for multimodal imaging. Her current goal is to track specific cell populations in vivo using non-invasive imaging modalities, such as ultrasound and 19F MRI, in order to optimize clinical cellular therapeutics.

5) Membrane Transport & Cell Dynamics level and the implementation of Next Generation Sequencing Membrane transporters are involved in a wide range of diseases in (NGS) in fundamental research as well as in a diagnostic setting. organs such as the brain, muscles, kidney, intestine, liver and bone. The ultimate aim of NCMLS research in this area is to provide a 7) Chemical & Physical Biology molecular basis for the understanding, diagnosis and potential The structure and function of proteins and their complexes play cure of inherited and acquired diseases of transport proteins, such crucial roles in virtually all NCMLS research projects: as channelopathies. Transport proteins currently studied within • At the molecular level researchers in this subtheme work on this theme are sodium (or hydrogen) and potassium ATPases, optimally exploiting the potential of molecular and biomolecular aquaporin water channels, transient receptor potential channels, chemistry in order to modify, design and mimic proteins and organic anion and cation transporters, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) their building blocks with the aim of modulating and analyzing transporters and sodium co-transporters. Research integrates their activities and properties in the cellular and subcellular fundamental and clinical studies conducted at the genetic level environment. This is best illustrated by the following examples: (gene defects, polymorphisms), molecular level (transport and 1) novel bio-orthogonal conjugation methods to study and associated proteins), cellular (established model systems, isolated interfere with biological processes; 2) stimulus-responsive cell- and transfected cells) and organism (conditional) knockout models penetrating peptides; 3) use of non-proteinogenic amino acids levels. In addition, new tools will be developed and implemented in the diagnosis and treatment of disease; 4) mimicking cellular in order to tackle the outlined scientific goals, including real-time synthetic processes in microenvironments; and 5) hybrid cell imaging, large-scale screening assays at the mRNA and protein systems: incorporating synthetic components into living cells. level, application of small interference RNA libraries, conditional • This subtheme relates to elucidating protein structure and knockout models, bioinformatics and functional analysis at the protein-protein interactions at the cellular and multicellular molecular level. level. Research topics are: 1) post-transcriptional events in gene expression; 2) cellular signalling pathways; 3) activation 6) Genetic & Epigenetic Pathways of Disease and deactivation mechanisms of tyrosine kinases and tyrosine Researchers working on this theme aim to unravel the molecular phosphatases; 4) external control of cellular proliferation and basis of cell behaviour resulting from the genetic and epigenetic differentiation; and 5) molecular probing of vascular pathology code contained in the nucleus in the context of health and disease. and angiogenesis. Basic and clinical research is combined to unravel the molecular pathways and cellular processes in specific (hereditary) tumouri- Research facilities genic pathways in normal and pathological conditions of develop- The following research facilities are available to members of the ment, in particular those of the nervous system. Members of this NCMLS: research group are engaged in technology development ranging from single molecule studies of reconstituted model chromatin Animal models: The NCMLS has excellent links with the Central through to the elucidation of epigenetic marks on a genome-wide Animal Facility (CDL) for expert advice and access to facilities

112 radboud university nijmegen for animal testing. NCMLS has several disease-related animal Molecule-2-Man (www.molecule2man.eu) models available, e.g., for arthritis, cancer, kidney disease, tissue engineering, neural disorders, metabolic disorders, osteoporosis, The NCMLS is an active participant in Molecule-2-Man (M2M), haematopoiesis, fungal and bacterial septicaemia and malaria. an innovative multidisciplinary imaging platform strategically Bioinformatics: The CMBI, which is the Dutch national centre for located at the University and Radboudumc, both of which have a computational molecular sciences, is housed on the ground floor long history of interdisciplinary research, education and healthcare. of the RIMLS research tower. The Centre’s facilities, databases and M2M is built on the strengths and proven track record of leading software packages are available to external scientists and there is Nijmegen institutes: Molecules and Materials, Molecular life- a helpdesk for scientists who use the service facility. Currently, sciences, Cognitive Neuroscience and Medical Sciences. Its aim the CMBI is primarily involved in bioinformatics research and in is to reinforce existing local and national infrastructures by con­ maintaining a data and software infrastructure to help improve centrating expertise and facilities in order to create a top European bioinformatics and/or computational small-molecule research. health technology campus in Nijmegen, which will implement and Flow Cytometry: Flow cytometry is a sophisticated technique of advance imaging technologies from the molecular level to entire single cell analysis used to simultaneously measure and analyse organs and the human body itself (i.e. from molecule to man) and multiple physical characteristics of cells. State-of-the-art equip- take translational research from the laboratory into the clinic ment available includes 2 Beckman-Coulter analyzers, a Beckman (from bench to bed). M2M provides an ideal platform for exchange Coulter and a Becton Dickinson sorter. of knowledge and for access to state-of-the art instrumentation. It also facilitates collaboration with research institutes, small and Genomics: The Department of Human Genetics has a sequencing medium-sized enterprises, and larger companies. facility and a genotyping facility for expression profiling, genomic copy number profiling and high-density SNP profiling. Next- generation Genome Sequencers (Roche 454 FLX Titanium and Solexa) are used in the Departments of Human Genetics and excellent research and education – are the key motivators for local Molecular Biology. as well as national and international collaboration. In terms of linking fundamental and clinical science an important objective is Molecular imaging: The Microscopic Imaging Centre is a state-of- to establish strong ties with European and non-European partner the-art facility for imaging of biological specimens that uses light institutes with synergistic research areas. The aim is to complete microscopy (bright-field, confocal and fluorescence), conventional fully translational pipelines from molecule to man to patient to scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and sophisticated population. digital imaging. NCMLS also offers access to other techniques such as, Atomic Force Microscopy, Flow cytometry, FRET and FRAP. Locally, NCMLS is allied with the Institute for Molecules & Materials PRIME: The Preclinical Imaging Centre has state-of-the-art and the Donders Institute, providing a solid platform for integrating equipment for small animal imaging: MRI (7 & 11.7 Tesla), chemical synthesis, nanoscience and neuroscience with molecular PET/CT, SPECT/CT, bioluminescence imaging and in vivo multi- life sciences. Nationally, NCMLS has contacts with other Dutch photon microscopy. UMCs and universities as well as with Dutch public private partnerships. Within Europe, there is increasing cooperation with Proteomics: The Radboud Proteomics Centre comprises a the University of Duisberg-Essen, specifically the Graduate School con­siderable variety of mass spectrometry platforms; proteomics of Biomedical Science (BIOME). A third International Research applications range from straightforward identification of proteins Universities Network (IRUN) workshop on immunology was hosted and their modifications, to comprehensive profiling of biological at NCMLS in May 2013 and a fourth is being planned in Glasgow in system and de novo mapping of yet unknown proteomes and 2014. This network serves as a forum for building partner relation- subproteomes. ships with other participants from Universities in Münster, Glasgow, Poland and beyond. As part of the Glasgow-Radboud Memorandum Translational research and cellular therapy: A Good Manu­ of Understanding, there have been several exchanges (visiting facturing Practice (GMP) facility with clean rooms is used for lectureships) between NCMLS and the Institute of Molecular, translational research e.g. immunotherapeutic cell therapy and Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Scotland. These stem cell transplantation. exchanges will be further developed as an integral part of the Masters and PhD programmes. Collaboration NCMLS is a multiparty collaboration between specialist medical This multi-disciplinary nature of NCMLS ensures not only high- groups from the University Medical Centre and a number of groups quality research within Molecular Life Sciences, but also offers from the science faculty. Technological development – alongside excellent education programmes at BSc, MSc and PhD level.

2013 research report 113 Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences

Key publications

Alghamdi, H.S.A., Bosco, R., Beucken, J.J. van den, Walboomers, Ferre, S., Bongers, E.M.H.F., Sonneveld, R., Cornelissen, E.A.M., X.F. & Jansen, J.A. (2013). Osteogenicity of titanium implants coated Vlag, J. van der, Boekel, G.A.J van, Wetzels, J.F.M., Hoenderop, with calcium phosphate or collagen type-I in osteoporotic rats. J.G.J., Bindels, R.J.M. & Nijenhuis, T. (2013). Early Development of Biomaterials, 34(15), 3747-57. Hyperparathyroidism Due to Loss of PTH Transcriptional Repression in Patients With HNF1beta Mutations? Journal of Clinical Endocrinology Arjona, F.J., Chen, Y.X., Flik, G., Bindels, R.J.M. & Hoenderop, J.G.J. & Metabolism, 98(10), 4089-96. (2013). Tissue-specific expression and in vivo regulation of zebrafish orthologues of mammalian genes related to symptomatic hypo­ Gevers, T.J.G., Hout, J. in’t, Caroli, A., Ruggenenti, P., Hogan, M.C., magnesemia. Pflugers Archiv-European Journal of Physiology, 465(10), Torres, V.E., Nevens, F. & Drenth, J.P.H. (2013). Young women with 1409-21. polycystic liver disease respond best to somatostatin analogues: a pooled analysis of individual patient data. Gastroenterology, 145(2), Asbeck, A.H. van, Beyerle, A., McNeill, H., Bovee-Geurts, P.H.M., 357-365. Lindberg, S., Verdurmen, W.P.R., Hallbrink, M., Langel, U., Heidenreich, O. & Brock, R.E. (2013). Molecular Parameters of Habibi, E., Brinkman, A.B., Arand, J., Kroeze, L.I., Kerstens, H.H., siRNA-Cell Penetrating Peptide Nanocomplexes for Efficient Matarese, F., Lepikhov, K., Gut, M., Brun-Heath, I., Hubner, N.C., Cellular Delivery. ACS Nano, 7(5), 3797-807. Benedetti, R., Altucci, L., Jansen, J.H., Walter, J., Gut, I.G., Marks, H. & Stunnenberg, H.G. (2013). Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing of Bijker, E.M., Bastiaens, G.J.H., Teirlinck, A.C., Gemert, G.J.A. van, two distinct interconvertible DNA methylomes of mouse embryonic Graumans, W., Vegte-Bolmer, M.G. van de, Siebelink-Stoter, R., stem cells. Cell Stem Cell, 13(3), 360-9. Arens, T., Teelen, K.A.E.M., Nahrendorf, W., Remarque, E.J., Roeffen, W.F.G., Jansens, A., Zimmerman, D., Vos, M., Schaijk, B.C.L. van, Jae, L.T., Raaben, M., Riemersma, M., Beusekom, E. van, Blomen, Wiersma, J., Ven, A.J.A.M. van der, Mast, Q. de, Lieshout, L. van, V.A., Velds, A., Kerkhoven, R.M., Carette, J.E., Topaloglu, H., Verweij, J.J., Hermsen, C.C., Scholzen, A. & Sauerwein, R.W. (2013). Meinecke, P., Wessels, M.W., Lefeber, D.J., Whelan, S.P., Bokhoven, Protection against malaria after immunization by chloroquine H. van & Brummelkamp, T.R. (2013). Deciphering the glycosylome prophylaxis and sporozoites is mediated by preerythrocytic of dystroglycanopathies using haploid screens for lassa virus entry. immunity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the Science, 340(6131), 479-83. United States of America, 110(19), 7862-7. Jonckheere, A.I., Renkema, G.H., Bras, M., Heuvel, L.P.W.J. van den, Bogaard, E.H. van den, Bergboer, J.G.M., Vonk-Bergers, M., Hoischen, A., Gilissen, C.F.H.A., Nabuurs, S.B., Huynen, M.A., Vries, Vlijmen-Willems, I.M. van, Hato, S.V., Valk, P.G. van der, Schroder, M.C. de, Smeitink, J.A.M. & Rodenburg, R.J.T. (2013). A complex V J.M., Joosten, I., Zeeuwen, P.L.J.M. & Schalkwijk, J. (2013). Coal tar ATP5A1 defect causes fatal neonatal mitochondrial encephalopathy. induces AHR-dependent skin barrier repair in atopic dermatitis. Brain, 136(Pt 5), 1544-54. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 123(2), 917-27. Kamburova, E.G., Koenen, H.J.P.M., Borgman, K.J., Berge, I.J. Ten, Dam, T.J.P. van, Townsend, M.J., Turk, M., Schlessinger, A., Sali, Joosten, I. & Hilbrands, L.B. (2013). A single dose of rituximab does A., Field, M.C. & Huynen, M.A. (2013). Evolution of modular not deplete B cells in secondary lymphoid organs but alters intraflagellar transport from a coatomer-like progenitor. phenotype and function. American Journal of Transplantation, 13(6), Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United 1503-11. States of America, 110(17), 6943-8. Lu, X., Kensche, P.R., Huynen, M.A. & Notebaart, R.A. (2013). Dries, K. van den, Meddens, M.B.M., Keijzer, S. de, Shekhar, S., Genome evolution predicts genetic interactions in protein com- Subramaniam, V., Figdor, C.G. & Cambi, A. (2013). Interplay plexes and reveals cancer drug targets. Nature Communications, between myosin IIA-mediated contractility and actin network 4, 2124. integrity orchestrates podosome composition and oscillations. Nature Communications, 4, 1412. Muselaers, C.H.J., Boerman, O.C., Oosterwijk, E., Langenhuijsen, J.F., Oyen, W.J.G. & Mulders, P.F.A. (2013). Indium-111-labeled girentuximab immunoSPECT as a diagnostic tool in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. European Urology, 63(6), 1101-6.

114 radboud university nijmegen Building inter-institutional collaboration possibilities e.g. visiting professorships/lecturers, exchange possibilities for Master’s and Smeekens, S.P., Ng, A., Kumar, V., Johnson, M.D., Plantinga, T.S., PhD students, technology workshops, is a key ambition for the Diemen, C.C. van, Arts, P., Verwiel, E.T.P., Gresnigt, M.S., Fransen, years ahead and contacts in this regard are welcome. In 2013, K., Sommeren, S. van, Oosting, M., Cheng, S.C., Joosten, L.A.B., a double PhD retreat exchange was organized with the Institute Hoischen, A., Kullberg, B.J., Scott, W.K., Perfect, J.R., Meer, J.W. for Research in Biomedicine, in Barcelona (IRB). First students van der, Wijmenga, C., Netea, M.G. & Xavier, R.J. (2013). Functional from IRB attended the Nijmegen PhD retreat, and then vice versa. genomics identifies type I interferon pathway as central for host This successful formula will be extended in 2014. defense against Candida albicans. Nature Communications, 4, 1342. Research results The following section describes some of research highlights from Ven, J.P.H. van de, Nilsson, S.C., Tan, P.L., Buitendijk, G.H., Ristau, T., projects carried out by NCMLS researchers. Mohlin, F.C., Nabuurs, S.B., Schoenmaker-Koller, F.E., Smailhodzic, D., Campochiaro, P.A., Zack, D.J., Duvvari, M.R., Bakker, B., Paun, Theme 1: Ellen van den Bogaard and colleagues have identified C.C., Boon, C.J.F., Uitterlinden, A.G., Liakopoulos, S., Klevering, B.J., the working mechanism of coal tar, one of the oldest treatments Fauser, S., Daha, M.R., Katsanis, N., Klaver, C.C., Blom, A.M., Hoyng, of skin diseases, and now plan to isolate coal tar fractions with C.B. & Hollander, A.I. den (2013). A functional variant in the CFI favourable properties (colourless, less smell) that retain the gene confers a high risk of age-related macular degeneration. desired in vitro biological effects. This exciting first step in seeking Nature Genetics, 45(7), 813-7. alternatives for classical coal tar therapy will aid in drug discovery for eczema based on the rehabilitation of the aryl hydrocarbon Wolf, K.A., Lindert, M.M. te, Krause, M., Alexander, S., Riet, J. te, receptor as a bona fide drug target. Willis, A.L., Hoffman, R.M., Figdor, C.G., Weiss, S.J. & Friedl, P. (2013). Physical limits of cell migration: Control by ECM space and Theme 2: Rituximab (RTX) is a very effective drug for patients nuclear deformation and tuning by proteolysis and traction force. with B-cell lymphoma or various autoimmune disorders. Elena Journal of Cell Biology, 201(7), 1069-84. Kamburova and colleagues found that the effect of RTX on the immune response is not only determined by the extent of B-cell depletion, but also by the functional properties of the remaining Dissertations: 66 B cells. These additional insights into the mechanism of action Scientific publications: 1139 of RTX will help in the design of future therapeutic regimens. Patents: 1 Theme 3: When tumour cells invade extracellular matrix (ECM), the membrane-tethered matrix metalloproteinase MT1-MMP focally degrades ECM barriers and greatly enhances invasion efficacy. However, a long-standing controversy remained. What is the relevance of MMP function for (cancer cell) invasion, and would therapeutic MMP inhibition result in reduced migration. Katarina Wolf and colleagues solved the mystery by systematically analyzing different ECM conditions, cell types etc. They concluded that the molecular plasticity of cell migration in 3D tissue depends on the physics of ECM. This multi-parametric approach of 3D tissue invasion provides the basis for understanding tissue guidance and remodelling in cancer progression, inflammation and tissue regeneration.

Theme 4: Recent advances in computational and experimental biology anti-c make it possible to identify cancer-specific essential genes. One strategy is to screen for negative genetic interactions (GIs). Two genes have a negative GI when a loss-of-function mutation of one gene has no effect on cell viability but a double mutation results in a severe growth defect. Since most negative GIs in human cells are still unknown, a computational model was

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constructed to predict negative GIs by systematically exploiting scientists and biotechnology entrepreneurs who will develop novel gene gain and loss patterns in genome evolution. Xiaowen Lu treatments and diagnostics. NCMLS researchers contribute actively and colleagues demonstrated that predicted protein pairs more to the dissemination of research results via public conferences, frequently have a negative GI than random proteins from the same teaching in schools and colleges (e.g. Wetenschapsknooppunt, complex. Furthermore, they applied the model to human protein Radboud University Nijmegen) as well as in the media. Examples complexes and predicted a list of novel cancer drug targets. By of media appearances in 2013 included: novel causes of intellectual applying the approach to patient specific protein-protein inter­ disability (Hans van Bokhoven, Dirk Lefeber, Annette Schenck), action networks, effective personalized cancer care may be stem cell transplantation (Willemijn Hobo), new methods for achieved. tackling malaria (Robert Sauerwein), cause inherited blindness (Frans Cremers, Rob Collin, Susanne Roosing) and novel gene Theme 5: Parathyroid glands release parathyroid hormone (PTH) mutations in colorectal cancer (Roland Kuiper). into the circulation to maintain normal extracellular calcium 2+ 3- (Ca ) and phosphate (PO4 ) concentrations. PTH levels depend NCMLS researchers are actively involved in enhancing disease on PTH release from secretory granules and synthesis of new PTH diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Clinical groups interact with molecules that are secondary to PTH gene transcription. Silvia Ferrè patients and their relatives at Radboudumc on a daily basis, have and colleagues identified the transcription factor HNF1β as a novel close ties with patient organizations and are involved in public and repressor of PTH gene transcription and that loss of PTH transcrip- strategic policy. Of particular note in 2013, the services to medical tional inhibition by HNF1β contributes to the development of early research and education of René Bindels and Han Brunner were hyperparathyroidism in patients with HNF1β abnormalities. recognised with a royal knighthood, Frans Russel was appointed by the Minister for Health, Welfare and Sport as member of the Dutch Theme 6: Genetic defects in the O-mannosylation pathway lead Medicines Evaluation Board (MEB) and Joost Drenth was elected to dystroglycanopathies. Clinically, patients are characterized by as the new chairman of the National Society Committee of the severe muscular dystrophy, eye malformations and structural brain United European Gastroenterology Federation (UEG). Furthermore, abnormalities. In about half of all patients with dystroglycanopathy Han Brunner became a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy the genetic defect is unknown. In a publication in the journal of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and Jan Smeitink was elected as a Science, researchers from the NCMLS and the Netherlands Cancer member of the prestigious Academia Europaea. NCMLS is proud Institute identified novel candidate genes in a cohort of dystrogly- of these achievements and supports all staff in their contributions canopathy patients. Mutations in two specific genes were found to national and international policy-decision making. to be the underlying cause of disease in three families. Future work will focus on elucidating the functional role of the new candidate Future research genes in the O-mannosylation pathway. The following prestigious European research Council (ERC) grants and Veni and Vidi grants from Netherlands Organization for Theme 7: Vaccination is one of the most successful and cost-effec- Scientific Research (NWO) were awarded to members of NCMLS, tive health interventions, which prevents several millions of deaths forming the basis for important future research. The associated every year worldwide. Although clinical trial data has demonstrated Radboud University Nijmegen ‘Top focus area’ is noted in the the potential of Dendritic cell (DCs) vaccination in cancer immuno- parenthesis. therapy, generating DCs in vitro is laborious, time consuming and • Henk Stunnenberg (Dept. of Molecular Biology) was awarded expensive. Recent efforts to develop next-generation vaccines for an ERC Advanced Grant worth €2.5 million for his project infectious diseases and cancer involve a polymeric ‘synthetic DCs’ SysStemCell. The aim of this project is to dissect regulatory (sDCs) platform. Subhra Mandal and colleagues have demonstrated transcriptional networks orchestrating mouse pluripotent the potency of this novel approach to mimic immune cell functions embryonic stem cells (ESC) using state-of-the-art functional with fully synthetic supramolecular complexes and to exploit the genomic, epigenomic and proteomic techniques (Human potential of sDCs in cancer immunotherapy. Genetics). • Peter Friedl (Dept. of Cell Biology) was awarded an ERC Societal impact Consolidator Grant worth €2 million to study tumour biology NCMLS’s mission is in line with the Radboudumc’s strategic in live animal models using novel multiphoton microendoscopy vision to ‘have a significant impact on healthcare’ and to advance technology to map cancer progression, metastasis and therapy ‘personalized medicine’, one of the major societal themes at the response (Infectious Disease and Immunology). University. The importance of molecular life sciences-related • Ronald van Rij (Dept. of Medical Microbiology) was awarded an research in society is given emphasis in education programmes and ERC Consolidator Grant worth €2 million. The antiviral immune research at NCMLS. Training researchers in life sciences is of great system of the mosquito is a critical determinant for virus trans- importance for society since they will form the new generation of mission (e.g. Dengue Fever and West Nile virus). In this project,

116 radboud university nijmegen Director: Prof. René Bindels Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences Prof. René Bindels – Professor of Physiology – has been Head of the Postal address Department of Physiology since 2003. PO Box 9101 His research focuses on the regulation 6500 HB Nijmegen of ion transport processes in kidney and The Netherlands intestine (in health and disease) and he specializes in renal TRP channels and salt Visiting address transporters. Prof. Bindels is an elected Geert Grooteplein 28 member of the Academia Europaea and Nijmegen a recipient of the Robert Pitts Lectureship of the International Union of Physiological T: +31 (0)24 361 07 07 Sciences, the Carl W. Gottschalk Lecture- F: +31 (0)24 361 09 09 ship of the American Physiological Society E: [email protected] and the Homer Smith Award of the I: www.ncmls.eu American Society of Nephrology. He is also Executive Editor of the European Journal of Physiology.

the biogenesis, mechanism and function of small RNA- Immunology), 4) Cindy Dieteren, ‘Features of an immunological mediated antiviral defence will be analyzed (Infectious serial killer’ (Dept. of Cell Biology), and 5) Jenny van der Disease and Immunology). Wijst, ‘An ion channel and enzyme inextricably linked’ (Dept. • Geert van den Bogaart (Dept. of Tumour Immunology), was of Physiology) (Human Genetics & Infectious Disease and successful in obtaining an ERC starting grant to reveal new Immunology). mechanisms of membrane organization (Infectious Disease and Immunology). Furthermore, in 2013, a number of large prestigious (consortium) • Mangala Srinivas (Dept. of Tumour Immunology), was grants were obtained. Full details can be found on the NCMLS successful in obtaining an ERC Starting Grant to develop website but particular highlights are: novel imaging agents for multimodal clinical and preclinical • A consortium led by Prof. Jack Neefjes (NKI, Amsterdam) and clinical imaging, with a focus on in vivo cell tracking involving Prof. Carl Figdor (Dept. of Tumour Immunology) was (Infectious Disease and Immunology). awarded a €27.6 million NWO ‘Gravitation’ grant to initiate the • Four experienced researchers were awarded prestigious NWO Institute for Chemical Immunology (ICI) (Organic Chemistry - Vidi grants, in order to develop their own innovative lines of Chemical Biology). research: 1) Leonie Kamminga, ‘Epigenetic regulation of • Prof. Gert-Jan Veenstra (Dept. of Molecular Developmental cellular identity’ (Dept. of Molecular Biology), 2) Dirk Lefeber, Biology), together with computational biologist Dr Simon van ‘Unravelling a unique sugar layer in human brain and muscle’ Heeringen and international colleagues received a European (Dept. of Neurology), 3) Hendrik Marks, ‘Understanding grant to set up a training network on Developmental and embryonic stem cells’ (Dept. of Molecular Biology) and 4) Computational Biology (DevCom)(Human Genetics). Klaas Mulder, ‘Understanding how genes work together’ (Dept. • Dr Egbert Oosterwijk (Dept. of Urology), was awarded a Marie of Molecular Developmental Biology) (all Human Genetics). Curie Initial Training Network (ITN) grant to develop novel • Five young researchers received a Veni grant from the NWO: materials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 1) Nina Hubner, ‘The railway network of our cells’ (Dept. of • Robert Sauerwein (Dept. of Medical Microbiology) received Molecular Biology), 2) Christian Gilissen, ‘Understanding a personal grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to differences in DNA’ (Dept. of Human Genetics), 3) Jurjen Tel, further develop a malaria vaccine (Infectious Disease and ‘Systems immunology at the single cell level’ (Dept. of Tumour Immunology).

2013 research report 117 Institute for Water and Wetland Research

Detail of an experiment designed to study respiration in aquatic organisms.

The IWWR encourages interdisciplinary cooper­- light the multi-disciplinary nature of IWWR research and increase ation among scientists engaged in microbial, animal, the visibility of the institute, making it attractive for prospective Masters and PhD students, post-docs and tenure track scientists plant and environmental science. The Institute aims as well as for collaborators and a range of other stakeholders. to integrate these disciplines and encourages joint research in order to enhance understanding of inter- These themes are Microbial Biogeochemical Cycles, Plant Stress ­actions between different life forms as well as their Responses, Animal Adaptation Physiology, Conservation Biology and Human-Environment Interactions. Researchers working on interactions with their habitats. The IWWR uses each theme study mechanisms of adaptation to environmental novel fundamental insights into these processes stressors for particular sets of species or at particular levels of bio- to make a significant contribution to innovative logical organization. As a whole the IWWR covers stress responses solutions for urgent global water problems. to water problems from molecular mechanisms to changes at the global scale.

The main aim of the IWWR is to be a world-class multi-disciplinary Researchers working on the Microbial Biogeochemical Cycles theme institute of water and wetland research focusing in particular on study the diversity and metabolism of aquatic microorganisms, how understanding the environmental stress responses of wetland they interact with plants and animals and how they contribute to systems at various levels of organization: from cellular levels via wetland biogeochemical cycles. In two themes (Plant Stress Responses organisms to ecosystems. There is special interest in explaining and Animal Adaptation Physiology) the focus is on mechanisms of the ways in which plants, animals and microorganisms adapt to stress adaptations at the organismal level in plants and animals. changes in water quantity and quality. Within the IWWR there are five research themes, which focus on such stress adaptations In Conservation Biology, the responses of animal and plant and the conservation of wetland ecosystems. These themes high- populations, species, communities and ecosystems to environ­

118 radboud university nijmegen mental change (e.g. hypoxia, warming and eutrophication) are Staff studied, together with a variety of stakeholders, providing the scientific basis for conservation measures. In Human-Environ- Prof. A.M. Breure (e) Tenured ment Interactions, the responses of numerous species – including Prof. N.M. van Dam (o) Full Professors 4.5 FTE humans – to multiple environmental stressors are investigated Prof. G. Flik (o) Associate Professors 1.9 FTE using common principles. Prof. A.G.M. Gerats (o) Assistant Professors 6.0 FTE Prof. A.P. Grootjans (e) Researchers 1.2 FTE Intensive collaboration within and between people working on Prof. A.J. Hendriks (o) these themes has resulted in powerful interdisciplinary consortia Prof. P.M.J. Herman (e) Non-tenured that carry out top-level research. Microbiology group leader Prof. M.A.J. Huijbregts (p) Researchers 14.8 FTE Mike Jetten has received the most prestigious science award in Prof. M.S.M. Jetten (o) Doctoral candidates 48.7 FTE the Netherlands (the Spinoza prize) in 2012 as well as an ERC Prof. J.C.J.M. de Kroon (o) Advanced Grant in 2008 and 2013. Prof. Jetten also received a Prof. C. Mariani (o) Research funding highly prestigious €23 million ‘Gravitation’ grant to establish the Prof. D. van de Meent (e) Soehngen Institute of Anaerobic Microbiology (SIAM), together Prof. J.G.M. Roelofs (o) with TU Delft, Wageningen UR and the Royal Netherlands Institute Prof. J.H.J. Schaminee (e) for Sea Research (NIOZ). And he is a Principal Investigator at the Prof. H. Siepel (p) Earth Systems Sensitivity Centre, a €30 million Gravitation consor- tium involving Utrecht University, the VU University Amsterdam, Radboud University Nijmegen and Wageningen UR. Core Grants Contracts The success of researchers working in microbiology – one of the centres of excellence at the University – is attributable to intensive national and international collaboration with experts including wetland bio-geochemists working on Microbial Biogeochemical Cycles. Researchers with different disciplinary backgrounds collaborate in a similar way, creating opportunities for funding and novel research.

Research facilities Collaboration All of the IWWR research groups are located in the Huygens Collaboration within the Institute opens up avenues for novel Building, where they have access to state-of-the-art modern interdisciplinary research as well as more opportunities for funding. laboratory facilities – and a central analytical service. The equip- New initiatives for collaborative research in the context of the ‘Top’ ment used includes: sectors for scientific innovation identified by the Dutch Government • Large aquarium facilities for freshwater and seawater fish; for have been started. Researchers working on the Plant Stress Response zebrafish research there is modern equipment, expertise and theme have interested several companies in their research on permits for producing trangenes. multiple plant stressors and obtained substantial grants from the • Light microscopy and electron microscopy facilities for ultra­ Top sector Agrofood and Horticulture and The Dutch Technology structural analysis of micro-organisms, animals and plants. Foundation (STW). • PHYTOTRON – a unique national research facility for detailed ecological research on sub-surface processes of terrestrial and The Microbial Ecology and Aquatic Ecology groups have been semi-aquatic vegetation. involved in plans for regional development in which provinces, • Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (equipped with water management authorities and companies (including IWWR a direct thermo-desorption unit). spin-off company B-Ware) interact. These plans have considerable • Extensive bioreactor and culture facilities for wetland plants relevance for the Top sector Water. Research within the Animal and animals, as well as for plant-soil interactions. Adaptation Physiology theme continues to attract interest from fish • Extensive molecular biological facilities, used to perform aquaculture practices in the Netherlands and abroad, contributing quantitative RT PCR, RNA interference, Ion Torrent sequencing significantly to discussions on fish welfare; interactive courses on technology and in-situ hybridisation. fish welfare attracted a great deal of attention, also internationally. • Analytical equipment, including a High Pressure Liquid Chromatograph with photodiode array detection. To join forces with complementary research groups outside • New greenhouses will be built in 2014. IWWR and to achieve successful valorisation, IWWR research is

2013 research report 119 Institute for Water and Wetland Research

also conducted in close collaboration with over 100 national and The Ecogenomics group was the first to publish on the occurrence international research groups, research institutes, companies, of extra floral nectaries in a crucifer, Brassica juncea. A comprehen- government organizations and NGOs. sive expression analysis of Solaum dulcamara plants under combin­ ations of water stresses (water logging or drought) and herbivory by Research results Spodoptera exigua revealed that induced responses to herbivores are The microbiologists at IWWR investigated the nitrogen fractionation affected by simultaneously occurring abiotic stress factors. Hormone of anammox bacteria, which contribute significantly to the loss of analyses on the same samples were performed, showing a specific fixed nitrogen from the oxygen minimum zones and from wetland role for jasmonic acid and abscisic acid. Transcriptomic analyses ecosystems. The role of rare earth elements in volcanic microbial of above-ground and below-ground jasmonic acid-induced Brassica life was investigated and the structure of a new cerium containing plants revealed distinct differences in root and shoot-induced methanol dehydrogenase was elucidated. Several novel CS2 hydro- responses. A new research line on the role of gut microbes in over- lases were identified and studied together with chemists from the coming plant resistance by cabbage root fly (Delia radicum) has Institute for Molecules & Materials. Together with aquatic ecologists yielded fruitful collaboration with the ecological microbiologists, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the nitrogen and methane which resulted in a first metagenome and the isolation of specific cycle in various wetland ecosystems were investigated. strains that can break down isothiocyanates.

Aquatic ecologists were able to unravel a number of exciting new IWWR’s plant ecologists reviewed the latest insights into how plant-environment interactions, including the responses of responses of plants to nutrients and soil biota determine plant peatlands to different nitrogen loads and the role of sulphide in a community productivity and plant species coexistence. With the range of wetland types. Together with colleagues in environmental riverine plant species Rumex palustris they showed how plasticity sciences, they showed for the first time that the concentration of depends on prior conditions and how this can explain apparently mega-herbivores in marine protected areas will lead to total eco­ labile or inconsistent responses. A Biology Letters publication by system collapse. The group was strengthened in 2013 by the appoint- the molecular ecologists showing how epigenetic modifications ment of two new scholars on tenure tracks, who are focusing on have a large impact on inbreeding depression received attention greenhouse gas emissions in lakes and on multi-trophic interac- in the press worldwide. tions in wetlands. The Organismal Animal Physiology group carried out further The environmental scientists at IWWR developed several systems research on pain perception in fish and evaluated the consequences in order to assess substances and products. They designed models of stress load on fish performance in Dutch and European aqua­ to describe the accumulation and toxicity of oil spills as a function culture practices. They published on thyroid hormone function of their chemical properties and biological traits. Physical stressors in larval and adult stages of aquaculture-relevant species such as and extreme events, such as temperature and desiccation, were sea bass and sole. The translational value of zebrafish studies on shown to contribute most to the regional extinction of species. thyroid hormone transporters resulted in a personal invitation to Dr Klaren to contribute to a highly prestigious symposium on The geneticists at IWWR finalized the analysis of the MADS-box MCT8. The group further developed a high-throughput assay for gene subfamilies. The results indicate that these sub-families have drug screening in relation to osteoporosis with transgenic zebrafish all maintained the same basic set of functions, but that they are bone as target. not always conserved between the orthologues. In the Meiosys project, they found that chromosome structure may modulate The Animal Ecology group published a new study testing whether meiotic recombination frequencies. oxygen can limit thermal tolerance, something which has been challenged for tracheated arthropods. Comparing species pairs IWWR’s plant molecular physiologists generated the first genetic spanning four different insect orders, it was shown that oxygen linkage map of the new model species Solanum dulcamara, using can indeed limit thermal tolerance in tracheates. Species that were AFLP and SNP markers identified by next-generation sequencing poor at regulating oxygen uptake were consistently more vulnerable of S.dulcamara transcriptome. In collaboration with the plant to the synergistic effects of warming and hypoxia, demonstrating ecologists they also identified hormones and genes involved in the the importance of respiratory control in setting thermal tolerance formation of adventitious roots in Solanum dulcamara in response limits. Furthermore, the use of life-history analyses gained to flooding. These new tools and findings will strengthen the momentum via several publications. collaborative research of the Plant Science group in the IWWR.

120 radboud university nijmegen Dr Wilco Verberk (Assistant Professor of Animal Ecology & Ecophysiology) is researching growth and respiration in aquatic ectotherms. Oxygen plays a vital role in the metabolism of living organisms, but may limit those relying on gas exchange under water. His experiments provide insights into the vulnerability of aquatic organisms to the synergistic effects of warming and hypoxia.

Awards showed that anammox bacteria can remove nitrogen compounds • Prof. Mike Jetten received a knighthood in the order of the from wastewater at low temperatures, using both ammonium or Royal Lion of the Netherlands for exceptional services to science methane as an electron donor, thus considerably extending the • Prof. Mike Jetten received a second ERC advanced investigators application of these processes in municipal waste water treatment grant to study the ecology of methane oxidizing micro-organisms systems. The aquatic ecologists closely cooperate with the spin-off • Dr Katharina Ettwig was awarded a Veni grant by NWO company B-Ware, which valorises biogeochemical and ecological • Stephanie van Dalen was awarded the 2013 Radboud Thesis Award state-of-the-art knowledge for nature management and water • Prof. Mike Jetten received a €23 million ‘Gravitation’ grant to management, together with a number of governmental organiza- establish the Soehngen Institute of Anaerobic Microbiology tions. One of the collaborative programmes in 2013, which was (SIAM) together with NIOZ, Wageningen UR and TU Delft financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), • Prof. Mike Jetten is involved in a €30 million Gravitation involved developing innovative solutions for combining water programme to establish the Earth System Sensitive C entre, storage, water purification and biomass production. led by Utrecht University with the participation of Radboud University Nijmegen, the VU University Amsterdam and IWWR’s plant scientists have established long-standing collabora- Wageningen UR. tions with seed companies. The knowledge of the plant geneticists about floral development may in the long term contribute to the Patents development of new crop varieties. In collaboration with Nunhems ARF9: Applicant: Nunhems BV, Title: ‘Plants with increased fruit and Enza Seeds the plant molecular physiologists obtained funding size’, application number EP10005603.5 filed 28 May 2010, was from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) accepted in 2013. for a Meerwaarde project on heat stress in plants and for a prestigious Top-sector project (‘Hot Tomatoes’). Plant ecologists are involved Societal impact in a FP7 European consortium on root research that was established The IWWR establishes close relationships between fundamental to optimize crop production. The Ecogenomics group has – together researchers within the institute and external stakeholders, often with East-West Seeds, Rijkzwaan and Syngenta – successfully acquired applying novel insights. Such intensive interactions result in a STW project on Thrips resistance in peppers within the STW urgent societal challenges being translated into novel fundamental Perspectief programme ‘Green defences against Pests’. research. Novel insights into nature and water management are applied in collaborative studies with governmental and non- Fish welfare, which is getting increasing attention in Western governmental organizations, water boards and national, regional societies, remains central to our research on aggression and on fish and local authorities. stress coping strategies. A Dutch television documentary addressed fish welfare in aquaculture and sport fishing. A series of six day- IWWR has structural collaborations with a large number of com­ courses on fish welfare were organized, informing participants about panies and partners engaged in nature and water management and the welfare and ethics-related topics associated with the culture applications were stimulated by new results. The microbiologists and capture of fish.

2013 research report 121 Institute for Water and Wetland Research

Key publications

Azevedo, L.B., Zelm, R. van, Elshout, P.M.F., Hendriks, A.J., Leuven, Mathur, V., Wagenaar, R., Caissard, J.C., Reddy, A.S., Vet, L.E.M., R.S.E.W., Struijs, J., Zwart, D. De & Huijbregts, M.A.J. (2013). Species Cortesero, A.M. & Dam, N.M. van (2013). A novel indirect defence richness–phosphorus relationships for lakes and streams worldwide. in brassicaceae: Structure and function of extrafloral nectaries in Global Ecology and Biogeography, 22(12), 1304-1314. Brassica juncea. Plant Cell Environ, 36(3), 528-541.

Brunner, B., Contreras, S., Lehmann, M.F., Matantseva, O., Rollog, Padilla, F.M., Mommer, L., Caluwe, H. de, Smit-Tiekstra, A.E., M., Kalvelage, T., Klockgether, G., Lavik, G., Jetten, M.S.M., Kartal, Wagemaker, C.A.M., Ouborg, N.J. & Kroon, Hans de (2013). Early B. & Kuypers, M.M.M. (2013). Nitrogen isotope effects induced by Root Overproduction Not Triggered by Nutrients Decisive for anammox bacteria. PNAS-Proceedings of the National Academy of Competitive Success Belowground. PLoS ONE, 8(1), 1-9. Science of the United States of America, 110(47), 18994-18999. Tytgat, T.O.G., Verhoeven, K.J.F., Jansen, J.J., Raaijmakers, C.E., Christianen, M.J.A., Belzen, J. van, Herman, P.M.J., Katwijk, M.M. Bakx-Schotman, T., McIntyre, L.M., Putten, W.H. van der, Biere, van, Lamers, L.P.M., Leent, P.J.M. van & Bouma, T.J. (2013). Low- A. & Dam, N.M. van (2013). Plants Know Where It Hurts: Root and Canopy Seagrass Beds Still Provide Important Coastal Protection Shoot Jasmonic Acid Induction Elicit Differential Responses in Services. PLoS ONE, 8(5). Brassica oleracea. PLoS ONE, 8(6), e65502.

Dawood, T., Rieu, I., Wolters-Arts, M., Derksen, E.B., Mariani, C. Verberk, W.C.E.P., Noordwijk, C.G.E. van & Hildrew, A.G. (2013). & Visser, E.J.W. (2013). Rapid flooding-induced adventitious root Delivering on a promise: integrating species traits to transform development from preformed primordia in Solanum dulcamara. descriptive community ecology into a predictive science. AoB plants. Freshwater Science, 32(2), 531-547.

Golas, T.M., Geest, H. van de, Gros, J., Sikkema, A., D’Agostino, Vrieze, E. de, Kessel, M.A. van, Peters, H.M., Spanings, F.A., Flik, G. & N., Nap, J.P., Mariani, C., Allefs, J. & Rieu, I. (2013). Comparative Metz, J.R. (2013). Prednisolone induces osteoporosis-like phenotype next-generation mapping of the Phytophthora infestans resistance in regenerating zebrafish scales. Osteoporosis International. gene Rpi-dlc2 in a European accession of Solanum dulcamara. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 126(1), 59-68. Zhu, G.B., Wang, S.Y., Wang, W.D., Wang, Y., Zhou, L.L., Jiang, B., Camp, H.J.M. op den, Risgaard-Petersen, N., Schwark, L., Peng, Y.Z., Hendriks, M., Mommer, L., Caluwe, H. de, Smit-Tiekstra, A.E., Hefting, M.M., Jetten, M.S.M. & Yin, C.Q. (2013). Hotspots of Putten, W.H. van der & Kroon, Hans de (2013). Independent anaerobic ammonium oxidation at land-freshwater interfaces. variations of plant and soil mixtures reveal soil feedback effects Nature Geoscience, 6(2), 103-107. on plant community overyielding. J Ecol, 101(2), 287-297.

Huijbers, C.C.M., Nagelkerken, I., Debrot, A.O. & Jongejans, E. Dissertations: 15 (2013). Geographic coupling of juvenile and adult habitat shapes Scientific publications: 180 spatial population dynamics of a coral reef fish. Ecology, Online fir. Professional publications: 33 Patents: 1 Kartal, B., Almeida, N.M. de, Maalcke, W.J., Camp, H.J.M. op den, Jetten, M.S.M. & Keltjens, J.T. (2013). How to make a living from anaerobic ammonium oxidation. FEMS MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS, 37(1).

Klaren, P.H.M., Dalen, S.C.M. van, Atsma, W., Spanings, F.A.T., Hendriks, J. & Flik, G. (2013). Voluntary timing of food intake increases weight gain and reduces basal plasma cortisol levels in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Physiology and Behavior, 122(0), 120-128.

122 radboud university nijmegen Director: Prof. Hans de Kroon Institute for Water and Wetland Research Hans de Kroon has been Professor of Experimental Plant Ecology at Radboud Postal address University Nijmegen since 2000. He Toernooiveld 1 graduated from Utrecht University, 6525 ED Nijmegen worked at several institutes in the USA The Netherlands and was an Associate Professor at Wageningen University. He specializes Visiting address in below-ground traits of plants and has Huygens Building Room HG01.019 built an innovative experimental facility, Heyendaalseweg 135 the Nijmegen Phytotron. Another of his 6525 AJ Nijmegen research interests is population modelling, through which the effects of traits are T: +31 (0)24 365 22 94 scaled up to responses at the level of F: +31 (0)24 365 28 30 natural populations and communities. E: [email protected] He serves on the editorial boards of a [email protected] number of leading scientific journals in I: www.ru.nl/iwwr his field.

Future research of intestinal transport of toxic lipophilic feed components. A large The microbiologists will continue to investigate the role of European consortium is preparing a Horizon 2020 proposal designed anaerobic and ammonium oxidizing bacteria in marine and fresh­ to develop a monitor for chronic stress in fish, based on stress water ecosystems, both in laboratory bioreactors and natural oxygen- steroids in their scales. limited ecosystems. The fate of methane in various wetland and volcanic ecosystems will be assessed using stable isotopes as well Future Life Cycle Analysis research will focus on the global impact as molecular and environmental genomic methods. The micro­ of products, in particular scaling aspects. Quality standards for biome of several relevant wetlands plant and animal species will pharmaceuticals will be subjected to uncertainty analysis. The be investigated together with the plant and animal scientists at potential for the accumulation of nano-materials will also be the IWWR. investigated. The number of climate-related environmental factors determining native and invasive species success will be extended. In 2014 the Ecogenomics group will further analyze herbivore- induced responses in drought-stressed and waterlogged S. dulcamara The Aquatic Ecology group will further focus on the effects of and further explore the natural variations within the current col- global change on a full range of wetland types – including peatlands, lection in Nijmegen. The plant physiologists will continue to explore coastal marshes and lakes – and expand its collaborative research natural variation in Solanum dulcamara and use it to identify new on plant-micro-organism interactions (together with the Micro­ traits that can allow plants to adapt to their environment. The biology and Plant Ecology groups) with respect to carbon, nitrogen plasticity of genetic networks and plants’ responses to a range of and sulphur cycling in wetlands. environmental cues will be studied in collaboration with various colleagues at IWWR, including plant ecologists. Moreover, the latter The Animal Ecologists will study the responses of aquatic ecto- group will further focus on the environmental stress responses of therms to changing water temperature and oxygen concentrations, crop plants such as maize. using a combination of experiments and models. Eco-evolutionary population models will be used to reveal the relative importance of The Organismal Animal Physiology group is increasingly focusing phenotypic plasticity and rapid evolution for stochastic population on fish welfare-related topics. Facilities for studying fish behaviour dynamics and resilience. Experiments will test whether oxygen (zebrafish phenotyping) are being explored in conjunction with dynamics are mechanistically driving thermal performance commercial companies. A PhD study will address the mechanisms responses in growth, maturation and reproduction.

2013 research report 123 Institute for Molecules and Materials

Detail of experimental equipment that enables investigation of collisions between molecules.

The Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM) is The IMM has an annual turnover of €26 million and about 60% an interdisciplinary research institute in chemistry of the budget is obtained via research grants and contract research. The institute employs around 140 PhD students and every year some and physics at Radboud University Nijmegen. Its 30 students graduate. There is a strong focus on interdisciplinary mission is to fundamentally understand, design and research between experimentalists and theorists and between control the functioning of molecules and materials. physicists and chemists. The institute is a centre of excellence that trains Structure and Dynamics of Molecules the next generation of leaders in science and This research theme focuses on the constellation and motion of entrepreneurship. the atoms within molecules, molecular complexes, molecular and atomic collisions, and even chemical reactions. Examples include The IMM is composed of twenty research groups, each headed small organic molecules, non-covalently bounded complexes, by a full professor. The main research themes are: and collisions between diatoms and noble gases. Experiments are 1. Structure and Dynamics of Molecules often based on advanced spectroscopic techniques such as NMR, 2. Molecular Life-like Systems various laser techniques, and velocity-map imaging. Theoretical 3. Quantum Matter approaches include ab initio calculations, simulations, and DFT 4. Nanostructured Materials. methods.

124 radboud university nijmegen Molecular Life-like Systems Staff This research theme involves the design, synthesis and character­ ization of molecules and molecular assemblies in order to elucidate Prof. F.M. Bickelhaupt (e) Prof. E. Vlieg (o) the structure and function of natural systems. Examples include Prof. L.M.C. Buydens (o) Prof. J. de Vlieg (e) artificial cells and organelles, enzyme-mimetic structures, orthogonal Prof. P.C.M. Christianen (o) Prof. W.J. van der Zande (o) chemistry in living cells and analysis of biomolecular interactions. Prof. A. Fasolino (p) This research is based on expertise in bio/organic chemistry, supra- Prof. A.K. Geim (e) molecular chemistry, microfluidics, microscopy, NMR spectroscopy Prof. G.C. Groenenboom (o) Tenured techniques, and data analysis/chemometrics. Prof. R.A. de Groot (o) Full Professors 10.1 FTE Prof. P.H.H. Hermkens (e) Associate Professors 2.3 FTE Quantum Matter Prof. J.C.M. van Hest (o) Assistant Professors 10.5 FTE This theme focuses on the study of properties of matter that is Prof. W.T.S. Huck (o) Researchers 3.2 FTE dominated by interactions between quantum particles, quantum Prof. N.E. Hussey (o) coherence and quantum correlations and topology. The goal is Prof. M.I. Katsnelson (o) Non-tenured to understand and develop new materials and concepts based on Prof. A.P.M. Kentgens (o) Researchers 58.4 FTE collective, emergent quantum effects. Examples include the study Prof. A.I. Kirilyuk (p) Doctoral candidates 101.1 FTE and control of magnetic materials at energy and time scales of Prof. J.C. Maan (o) the exchange interaction, sub-nanometre metal(-oxide) clusters, Prof. G.J.M. Meijer (e) Research funding graphene and quantum dots. Properties are often studied under Prof. R.J.M. Nolte (o) extreme conditions such as high magnetic fields, ultra-short laser Prof. K.S. Novoselov (e) pulses, and low temperatures. Prof. J. Oomens (p) Prof. D.H. Parker (o) Nanostructured Materials Prof. G.J.M. Pruijn (o) This research theme involves the design, growth, synthesis and Prof. T.H.M. Rasing (o) characterization of materials in which the properties partly stem Prof. D.N. Reinhoudt (o) from their nano-scale dimensions, with the aim of exploring novel Prof. A.E. Rowan (o) Core Grants Contracts property-function relationships. This includes supramolecular Prof. F.P.J.T. Rutjes (o) assemblies, nanoreactors, self-assembled monolayers, chiral clusters Prof. H.W.M. Salemink (e) and solar cells. These materials are typically studied using microscopy (including SPM) and X-ray diffraction.

Research facilities The national and international position of the IMM is enhanced by the availability of a number of large-scale experimental research facilities, including: In 2012 and 2013 the FELIX lasers were disassembled and moved • A High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML) for continuous fields from Nieuwegein to Nijmegen. It was a major achievement when up to 33 Tesla, and with funding to achieve 38 Tesla in 2014 on 14 July 2013 the FELIX-2 laser produced its first infrared photons and 45 Tesla in 2016. in Nijmegen. This year the optical transport systems to all user • Free Electron Lasers for Infrared and Terahertz Experiments stations will be installed, FELIX-1 and FELICE will be reconstructed, (FELIX) Facility. The terahertz laser (FLARE) and the infrared and FLARE will be further commissioned. lasers (FELIX/FELICE) are fully tunable between 3 and 1,500 micron. Other experimental facilities include: • A Large-Scale Facility for high-resolution liquid NMR • A Solar Cell Research Facility with dedicated growth, processing (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) and a Solid-State NMR Facility and analysis equipment for solar cell research, including Clean for advanced material science, including an 850 MHz proton Rooms and an Outdoor Calibration Facility. NMR instrument. • A Thin Film Growth Laboratory, in which materials and thin • A Scanning Probe laboratory (NanoLab) with a wide range films can be grown with atomic precision. of Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy (STM) and Atomic Force • X-ray crystallography service facilities, with diffractometers for Microscopy (AFM) techniques. both single and powder X-ray diffraction. • A Trace Gas Facility for the application of laser diagnostics in biology and medicine.

2013 research report 125 Institute for Molecules and Materials

Collaboration Structure and Dynamics of Molecules National and international collaborations are crucial for realizing Dr Rijs and colleagues (Molecular and Biophysics) have studied the Institute’s ambitions, e.g. for scientific interaction with high- the salt bridge interaction between glutamic acid and arginine profile research groups, forming of consortia for EU applications, in small peptides. Conformation-specific IR absorption spectra increasing the international recognition of the IMM, exploiting in combination with high-level quantum chemical calculations the institute’s large-scale research facilities, and signalling job allowed them to determine how charged side chains interact. opportunities for PhD students and postdocs. Dr Van der Meerakker and co-workers from Molecular and Laser The organic chemistry groups of the IMM have a longstanding Physics obtained the first scattering images using a dedicated collaboration with the Institute for Complex Molecular Systems crossed beam apparatus that contains a 2.6-meter-long Stark (ICMS) at the Eindhoven University of Technology. The IMM also decelerator. This apparatus was used to resolve, for the first time, collaborates intensively with the Catholic University of Leuven in diffraction oscillations in quantum state-resolved differential cross Belgium on single molecule spectroscopy. This collaboration involves sections, using the scattering of NO radicals with rare gas atoms the exchange of PhD students and postdocs as well as the use of the as a model system. (Nature Chemistry). special equipment at the two locations. Several organic chemistry groups collaborate with the University of Barcelona. Within the The Molecular Structure and Dynamics group (Prof. Oomens) has field of graphene research, the groups at the IMM led by Profs. identified new reaction products in gas-phase peptide dissociation. Katsnelson and Maan collaborate closely with Profs. Geim and This study indicates that peptide fragmentation chemistry is richer Novoselov of the University of Manchester. Prof. Katsnelson also than was originally thought. Further insight into this chemistry works closely together with scientists at the Universities of may help to improve scoring algorithms applied in peptide and Uppsala, Hamburg, and Moscow. protein identification by sequencing based on mass spectrometry.

The IMM is a partner in two formal collaborations with the Dr Cuppen and co-workers (Theoretical Chemistry) have studied Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (FOM). One the long-timescale dynamics of adsorbed CO on water ice surfaces. partnership relates to the relocation and the 10-year exploitation They carried out a combined theoretical and experimental study of the free electron lasers ‘FELIX and FELICE’ in Nijmegen, and the into the mobility of carbon monoxide on the surface of amorphous other involves the joint running of the HFML and the promotion solid water. It was found that the subnanometer-sized pores in the of materials research with high magnetic fields. The Engineering ice substrate are the determining factor for CO mobility. and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC, UK) transferred a research contract on solid-state physics with free electron lasers Molecular Life-like Systems to Nijmegen. Prof. Pruijn and co-workers (Bio-Molecular Chemistry) have studied the conversion of peptidylarginine to peptidylcitrulline, The EU-FP7 project on the European Magnet Field Laboratory a process also known as citrullination of proteins, and developed (EMFL) involves investigating all legal, financial, organisational a new detection method. The chemical difference between peptidy- and employment issues required for a Founding Agreement for larginine and peptidylcitrulline is very subtle and therefore it is the EMFL. It is the intention that this agreement is signed by the a major challenge to discriminate between citrullinated and non- three founding partners (Radboud University Nijmegen, Helmholz citrullinated proteins. Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) and le Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) in Grenoble/Toulouse) and, in Dr Jansen and Prof. Buydens (Analytical Chemistry) have applied a later stage, by other stakeholders that may be identified. The chemometrics for a comprehensive disease diagnosis with flow HFML is the coordinating partner of this FP7 project. cytometry, commonly used to characterize the properties of individual cells in suspensions like blood. Fingerprints of several Radboud University Nijmegen, FOM, and the Helmholtz-Zentrum healthy individuals were used to represent the ‘Normal Operating Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) have a Cooperation Agreement, which Conditions’, and for diseased individuals the deviations are is designed to strengthen scientific and technological collaborations signalled. (Patent is applied) in high magnetic field and free electron laser research. The Bio-Organic Chemistry group (Prof. Van Hest) has developed Research results a novel shape transformation technique for the preparation of Highlights are listed in the right-hand column and on the next tubular polymersomes induced by the addition of a crosslinker. two pages under the Institute’s four main research themes. Concerning the advantages of tubular shapes they foresee applications for these vesicles as drug delivery vehicles or artificial organelles.

126 radboud university nijmegen Dr Bas van de Meerakker (Assistant Professor of Molecular and Laser Physics) received an ERC Starting grant to study and control collisions between molecules in even greater detail than in the past. By slowing down molecules he can control their movements. He will also use the grant to reconstruct current experimental equipment.

Dr Heus (Biophysical Chemistry) has documented structural The Spectroscopy of Surfaces and Interfaces group (Prof. Rasing) elements that are essential in RNA folding and recognition of has worked on the femtosecond control of magnetism at the nano proteins, the RNA pseudotriloop (PTL). UV-melting and NMR scale. Using a combination of different optical techniques, mag­ spectroscopy were used to establish factors that contribute to the netization control at the sub-micron level is achieved. To further formation and stability of PTL structures and a consensus reduce the dimension of the optically controlled area other structure was determined. approaches may be attempted, e.g. the use of plasmonic antennas. (Phys. Rev. Lett.) Prof. Huck and his Physical Organic Chemistry group are working on understanding how cells have adapted to the phenomenon of Prof. Katsnelson and his Theory of Condensed Matter group have ‘crowding’, meaning that the interior of a living cell is filled with studied the massless Dirac fermions, which are the charge carriers proteins and other macromolecules packed together. They observed in graphene and topological insulators. They developed a basic enhanced transcription rates in membrane-free protocells formed theory for electronic optics in graphene, which opens up the by coacervation of cell lysate. potential for new devices that can manipulate electronic beams.

The Synthetic Organic Chemistry group (Prof. Rutjes) has success- Nanostructured Materials fully synthesized a series of NHC-Iridium complexes with aliphatic The Applied Materials Science (Dr Schermer) group worked on and aromatic R groups and investigated their potential for hyper­ the upconversion of long-wavelength (900-1000 nm) light to polarized NMR (para-hydrogen) experiments. The best hyper­ shorter wavelengths (550-660 nm) for solar cell applications. polarization catalyst provided an NMR signal enhancement of This up­conversion provides a pathway to convert otherwise 680 compared to using ‘normal’ hydrogen. unabsorbed low-energy photons passing through the solar cell into higher-energy photons that are absorbed. The efficiency of Quantum Matter the solar cells can thus be increased. Prof. Hussey (Correlated Electron Systems, HFML) investigated the charge transport near a quantum critical point in an iron-based The group led by Prof. Christianen (Soft Condensed Matter, superconductor. At a sufficiently low temperature, the resistivity HFML) studied the giant diamagnetism of gold nanorods. They of all compositions crosses over from a linear to a quadratic found drastically enhanced diamagnetism in gold nanoparticles temperature dependence, consistent with a Fermi-liquid ground that could be attributed to the behaviour of the free electrons state. (Nature Physics) within the small nanoparticles. (Phys. Rev. Lett.)

Dr Zeitler and co-workers (Semiconductors and Nanostructures, Prof. Rowan and co-workers (Molecular Materials) reported HFML) have measured electron-electron correlation effects in on self-assembled organic microfibers for nonlinear optics. The graphene using high-field capacitance spectroscopy. This technique observed properties highlight the importance of the orientations provides direct access to the electronic density of states and of the dipoles as essential design parameters in future organic non- unveiled the many-body physics in graphene devices subjected linear optical materials. The facile processing conditions of these to magnetic fields. (PNAS) microfibers make it possible to easily transform these materials into actual optical devices.

2013 research report 127 Institute for Molecules and Materials

Key publications

Boer, D. den, Li, M., Habets, T., Iavicoli, P., Rowan, A.E., Nolte, R.J.M., Kouwer, P.H.J., Koepf, M., Sage, V.A.A. Le, Jaspers, M., Buul, A.M. Speller, S., Amabilino, DB, Feyter, S. de & Elemans, J.A.A.W. (2013). van, Eksteen-Akeroyd, Z.H., Woltinge, T., Schwartz, E., Kitto, H.J., Detection of different oxidation states of individual manganese Hoogenboom, R., Picken, S.J., Nolte, R.J.M., Mendes, E. & Rowan, porphyrins during their reaction with oxygen at a solid/liquid A.E. (2013). Responsive biomimetic networks from interface. Nature Chemistry, 5(7), 621-627. polyisocyanopeptide hydrogels. Nature, 493(7434), 651-655.

Cauchy, C., Bakker, J.M., Huismans, Y., Rouzee, A., Redlich, B., Marco, I. di, Thunström, P., Katsnelson, M.I., Sadowski, J., Karlsson, Meer, A.F.G. van der, Bordas, C., Vrakking, M.J.J. & Lepine, F. (2013). K., Lebègue, S., Kanski, J. & Eriksson, O. (2013). Electron correlations Single-Size Thermometric Measurements on a Size Distribution in MnxGa1–xAs as seen by resonant electron spectroscopy and of Neutral Fullerenes. Physical Review Letters, 110(19), 1-5. dynamical mean field theory. Nature Communications, 4.

Chefdeville, S., Kalugina, Y., Meerakker, S.Y.T. van de, Naulin, Marx, S., Adu Smith, D., Abel, M. van, Zehentbauer, T., Meijer, C., Lique, F. & Costes, M. (2013). Observation of partial wave G.J.M. & Santambrogio, G. (2013). Imaging Cold Molecules on a resonances in low-energy O2-H2 inelastic collisions. Science, Chip. Physical Review Letters, 111(24), 1-5. 341(6150), 1094-1096. Murdin, B.N., Li, J., Pang, M.L.Y., Bowyer, E.T., Litvinenko, K.L., Dongen, S.F.M. van, Clerx, J., Nørgaard, K., Bloemberg, T.G., Clowes, S.K., Engelkamp, H., Pidgeon, C.R., Galbraith, I., Abrosimov, Cornelissen, J.J.L.M., Trakselis, M.A., Nelson, S.W., Benkovic, N.V., Riemann, H., Pavlov, S.G., Hübers, H.W. & Murdin, P.G. (2013). S.J., Rowan, A.E. & Nolte, R.J.M. (2013). A clamp-like biohybrid Si:P as a laboratory analogue for hydrogen on high magnetic field catalyst for DNA oxidation. Nature Chemistry, 5(11), 945-951. white dwarf stars. Nature Communications, 4, 1469-1469.

Finazzi, M., Savoini, M., Khorsand, A.R., Tsukamoto, A., Itoh, A., Nair, R.R., Tsai, I.L., Sepioni, M., Lehtinen, O., Keinonen, J., Duo, L., Kirilyuk, Andrei, Rasing, T. & Ezawa, M. (2013). Laser- Krasheninnikov, A.V., Neto, A.H. Castro, Katsnelson, M.I., Geim, Induced Magnetic Nanostructures with Tunable Topological A.K. & Grigorieva, I.V. (2013). Dual origin of defect magnetism in Properties. Physical Review Letters, 110(17), 1-5. graphene and its reversible switching by molecular doping. Nature Communications, 4. Graves, C.E., Reid, A.H., Wang, T., Wu, B., Jong, S. de, Vahaplar, K., Radu, I., Bernstein, D.P., Messerschmidt, M., Muller, L., Coffee, Pfukwa, R., Kouwer, P.H.J., Rowan, A.E. & Klumperman, B. (2013). R., Bionta, M., Epp, S.W., Hartmann, R., Kimmel, N., Hauser, G., Templated hierarchical self-assembly of poly(p-aryltriazole) Hartmann, A., Holl, P., Gorke, H., Mentink, J.H., Tsukamoto, A., foldamers. Angewandte Chemie-International Edition, 52(42), Fognini, A., Turner, J.J., Schlotter, W.F., Rolles, D., Soltau, H., Struder, 11040-11044. L., Acremann, Y., Kimel, A.V., Kirilyuk, Andrei, Rasing, T., Stohr, J., Scherz, A.O. & Durr, H.A. (2013). Nanoscale spin reversal by Schnell, M., Erlekam, U., Bunker, P.R., Helden, G. von, Grabow, J., non-local angular momentum transfer following ultrafast laser Meijer, G. & Avoird, A. van der (2013). Structure of the Benzene excitation in ferrimagnetic GdFeCo. Nature Materials, 12(4), Dimer-Governed by Dynamics. Angewandte Chemie, International 293-298. Edition, 52(19), 5180-5183.

Janssen, L.M.C., Avoird, A. van der & Groenenboom, G.C. (2013). Schuler, M., Rosner, M., Wehling, T.O., Lichtenstein, A.I. & Quantum Reactive Scattering of Ultracold NH(X3 Σ-) Radicals in Katsnelson, M.I. (2013). Optimal Hubbard Models for Materials a Magnetic Trap. Physical Review Letters, 110(6), 1-6. with Nonlocal Coulomb Interactions: Graphene, Silicene, and Benzene. Physical Review Letters, 111(3). Khorsand, A.R., Savoini, M., Kirilyuk, A.I., Kimel, A.V., Tsukamoto, A., Itoh, A. & Rasing, T. (2013). Element-specific probing of ultrafast spin dynamics in multisublattice magnets with visible light. Physical Review Letters, 110(10), 107205(1)-107205(5).

128 radboud university nijmegen Dr Elemans and his colleagues (Scanning Probe Microscopy) revealed single molecule reactivity in an environmentally controlled Titov, M., Gorbachev, R.V., Narozhny, B.N., Tudorovskiy, T., Schutt, liquid STM and were also able to manipulate this reactivity. The M., Ostrovsky, P.M., Gornyi, I.V., Mirlin, A.D., Katsnelson, M.I., unique possibility to ‘see’ reactions occurring at the single molecule Novoselov, K.S., Geim, A.K. & Ponomarenko, L.A. (2013). Giant scale opens up a wealth of possibilities in developing new catalysts Magnetodrag in Graphene at Charge Neutrality. Physical Review supported by active scaffolds like a biased surface. (Nature Chemistry) Letters, 111(16). Prof. Kirilyuk and co-workers (Spectroscopy of Surfaces and Yan, J.F., Li, B., Yu, B., Huck, W.T.S., Liu, W.M. & Zhou, F. (2013). Interfaces) studied the magnetism of small mass-selected Terbium Controlled Polymer-Brush Growth from Microliter Volumes clusters, both experimentally and theoretically. The striking result is using Sacrificial-Anode Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization. that the magnetic moment of the clusters oscillates with the number Angewandte Chemie-International Edition, 52(35), 9125-9129. of atoms due to variations between ferro- and anti-ferromagnetic configurations in the clusters. van Rhee, P.G., Zijlstra, P., Verhagen, T.G.A., Aarts, J., Katsnelson, M.I., Maan, J.C., Orrit, M. & Christianen, P.C.M. (2013). Giant The Solid State NMR group (Prof. Kentgens) demonstrated that Magnetic Susceptibility of Gold Nanorods Detected by Magnetic adaption and miniaturization of the NMR detection geometry Alignment. Physical Review Letters, 111(12). makes it possible to provide in-depth analyses of intact thin film devices with µm thickness. These results show for the first time that NMR can contribute to the structural characterization of Dissertations: 27 intact thin film materials and answer questions in relation to Scientific publications: 323 their functional behaviour. Professional publications: 1 Patents: 6 Prof. Vlieg and his group (Solid State Chemistry) found that formation of a salt enables complete deracemisation of a racemic compound. Chiral purification is a very important step in the production of many products such as active pharmaceutical ingredients. The addition of a minor amount of pure compound in the beginning determines the handedness of the product.

Awards and grants In 2013 Prof. Katsnelson was awarded the Spinoza Prize by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). This is the most prestigious scientific prize in the Netherlands. He also received an ERC Advanced Grant. He will use these grants to develop new physics theory for new phenomena that graphene and nano objects – such as quantum dots and magnetic molecules – bring to light. In addition, Prof. Rasing has received an ERC Advanced Grant for experiments with a new femtosecond X-ray source in Stanford and with the Nijmegen picosecond Terahertz free-electron laser to discover how magnetic order emerges from chaos. An ERC Starting Grant was awarded to Dr Van der Meerakker (Molecular and Laser Physics) for a study on molecular collision processes at low temperatures and with extremely high resolution.

Dr Zeitler (HFML) participated in the successful application for a European Flagship programme on graphene (€1 billion for 10 years). This flagship programme unites academic and industrial research on Graphene in order to achieve breakthroughs in technological innovation.

2013 research report 129 Institute for Molecules and Materials

Nigel Hussey (Professor of Experimental Physics) is the new director of the HFML, where pioneering research is carried out in some of the world’s highest magnetic fields. At the HFML, Hussey uses conven- tional metals such as copper and silver to generate intense magnetic fields to probe unconventional metallic and superconducting states such as high- temperature superconductors and one-dimensional metals that behave in entirely new and unexpected ways.

Four eminent scientists at the IMM, Prof. Katsnelson, Prof. Meijer, During the past years the IMM has given birth to many spin- Prof. Nolte, and Prof. Rasing, were appointed as members of the off companies, such as Chiralix, Encapson, FutureChemistry, Academia Europaea in 2013. Prof. Nolte was also elected as an Mercachem, ModiQuest, Noviotech, ReRa Systems, SensorSense, Honorary Member of the Royal Netherlands Chemical Society Sphere Fluidics, Spinnovation, SynAffix, Syntarga, Synthon, (KNCV). TeraOptronics, and tf2 devices.

Prof. Kentgens and colleagues from the Universities of Utrecht, Dr Feiters (Synthetic Organic Chemistry) and colleagues were Wageningen, Leiden, and Eindhoven received an NWO Graduate granted a Life Science Pre-Seed subsidy (250,000 euro) from the School subsidy (worth €800,000) for starting the Netherlands’ Netherlands Genomic Initiative (NGI) for addressing novel viral Magnetic Resonance Research School. Prof. Parker and Dr Van therapeutics against Dengue and other viral threats. Prof. Rowan der Meerakker have received an NWO-TOP grant (€760,000) obtained an STW Valorisation grant for the further application for imaging astrochemical processes in the lab using the powerful of ‘Smart Patches’. These are patches that are biologically similar ‘velocity map imaging’ technique invented in Nijmegen. Dr Blank to the skin and protect against bacteria, but release wound fluids (Molecular Materials) obtained an NWO-ECHO grant (€260,000) and are easy to remove. Another STW Valorisation grant has been for investigating the largely unknown communication pathways obtained by Dr Schermer (Applied Materials Science) and start- between the active sites in enzymes. In the FOM Project Ruimte, up SolarSwing for developing semi-transparent solar blinds that Dr Titov (Theory of Condensed Matter) acquired funding for regulate the transmitted light and generate electricity. research on topological insulators, these materials are insulating in the bulk and electrical conductors at the surface. Prof. Huck is co-founder and member of the Board of Directors of Sphere Fluidics, a Cambridge-based company developing novel Last but not least, four young scientists received an NWO-VENI products and services for single-cell analysis. In 2013 the company grant to work at the IMM for a three-year period. has collected £1.6 million from a consortium of investors to further develop its business. Societal impact The valorisation of knowledge through university research and Prof. Rutjes participates in the European Lead Factory, a €196 the societal impact of science are becoming increasingly important million EU project with 30 partners who are working on building as indicators of scientific success. The IMM actively stimulates a huge library of new chemical compounds that are potentially scientists to cross this bridge. There are cooperative arrangements relevant for new medicines. Within this project new compounds with major companies in the Netherlands, including DSM, Philips, will be identified, screened and further developed. Universities, NXP, Solvay, Unilever and AkzoNobel. In addition, the large-scale research institutes, small-medium enterprises and large companies research infrastructure at the IMM has resulted in business can access the database. relations with medium-sized technology-oriented enterprises in the Nijmegen area. Within the chemical NWO Gravitation Programme, the Research Centre for Functional Molecular Systems, a significant outreach

130 radboud university nijmegen Director: Prof. Elias Vlieg Institute for Molecules and Materials Elias Vlieg has been Professor of Solid State Chemistry at Radboud University Nijmegen Postal address since 1998. After a post-doc at AT&T Bell PO Box 9010 Laboratories, he was a group leader at the 6500 GL Nijmegen FOM Institute AMOLF from 1990-1997. With The Netherlands a background in physics, his profile illustrates the combined chemistry and physics approach Visiting address of the IMM. His research focuses on under- Huygensgebouw, HG 03.049 standing crystal growth and, as head of the Heyendaalseweg 135 Applied Materials Science group, on the use 6525 AJ Nijmegen of thin film deposition for solar cells and The Netherlands electronic devices. He is vice-president of the International Organization for Crystal Growth. T: +31 24 365 20 65 E: [email protected] I: www.ru.nl/imm

effort towards high school students and the general public has been The operational hours of the HFML will continue to increase started in close collaboration with the outreach project ‘Kennislink’ towards 2,000 per year in 2014. This increase is thanks to a part- on ‘Leven bouwen met moleculen’ (Building life from molecules). nership between Radboud University Nijmegen and FOM (2011) Regularly articles on new discoveries and interviews with the and a €11 million National Roadmap grant (2012). A continuing scientists involved are published on the IMM website. challenge is the search for structural funding for the operation of the HFML at an ultimate level of 3,000 hours per year. Future research A continuing challenge is provided by a €27 million grant from the The successful implementation and exploitation of the national investment in large infrastructures (NWO-BIG) in 2006 ‘Gravitation’ project ‘Research Centre for Functional Molecular for the Nijmegen Centre for Advanced Spectroscopy (NCAS). This Systems (FMS)’ in collaboration with partners in Eindhoven and exceptional grant enables IMM to construct a new 45 Tesla hybrid Groningen is of utmost importance for IMM. In 2013 FMS made a magnet for the HFML and a Free Electron Laser for research using promising start: a project leader and ten PhD students were hired, Terahertz radiation (FLARE). HFML’s new hybrid magnet will several thematic meetings were held, outreach efforts (‘Kennislink’) provide new research opportunities based on world-leading magnet were started, and a website was launched. technology. FLARE creates unique opportunities for studying magnetic excitations in molecules as well as low energy spectroscopy on large In 2014 the Radboud Nanomedicine Alliance, a joint initiative of molecules and biomolecules. Moreover, it is optimally suited for Radboud UMC, NCMLS, and IMM, will be started with the appoint- spectroscopy on electrons in high magnetic fields. ment of five PhD students. This alliance focuses on developing new effective medicines and materials for the treatment of diseases, The national Sector Plan for Physics and Chemistry (SNS) was tailored to individual patients. The available research facilities will approved in 2010 with a very positive outcome for Radboud be open for intense cooperation with chemical and biomedical University Nijmegen. Two new initiatives in Chemical Biology and industrial partners. Advanced Spectroscopy of functional molecules and materials were started within IMM. All new scientific staff members have now Also in 2014, all leading scientists of the IMM will continue to started (e.g. Prof. Hussey in September 2013) and they are currently make all on-going research projects a big success and to acquire producing results. After a successful first progress evaluation, the substantial new funding for future projects. In this way the intention is to ensure that SNS continues as a structural source of Institute for Molecules and Materials will continue to strengthen funding after 2015. its national and international reputation.

2013 research report 131 Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics

Computer simulations of causal dynamical triangulations are used to illustrate the quantum properties of space-time and to understand quantum gravity.

The Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Astrophysics Particle Physics (IMAPP) conducts fundamental Researchers in this department focus on observational and theo­ retical research in three areas of astronomy: astroparticle physics, research in mathematics, high-energy physics and compact objects and the structure and stellar populations in galaxies. astrophysics with a special focus on interdisciplin­ Their main goals are to reveal the sources of the highest-energy ary topics. The overarching research theme is particles in the universe, to understand the physics and populations the origin and evolution of the universe and its of compact objects including gravitational waves, and to explain the evolution and structure of galaxies and their stellar populations. underlying mathematical structures. The Institute is also actively engaged in outreach. High-energy physics This group carries out and analyzes experiments in elementary Mathematics particle physics at the smallest distance and the highest mass This department focuses on three interdisciplinary themes, scales attainable. This research includes both accelerator-based Mathematical Physics, Algebra & Topology and Applied and cosmic ray experiments and explorations of the theoretical Stochastics, which have well-established links with physics foundations of elementary particle interactions, including gravity. and computer science. The traditional areas – algebra, logic, There is a particular focus on electroweak symmetry breaking and analysis, geometry and stochastics – are studied in the context the Higgs boson as an attempt to gain more insight into the of these themes. structure of the vacuum.

132 radboud university nijmegen Research facilities Staff The experimental groups make use of leading national and inter­ national astronomical and astroparticle observatories (ESO, La Prof. A. Achterberg (o) Tenured Palma, LOFAR, Virgo, HST, Kascade-Grande and Pierre Auger) and Prof. C.C. Aerts (e) Full Professors 6.5 FTE high-energy particle accelerators (Large Hadron Collider [LHC] and Prof. J. Ambjorn (e) Associate Professors 2.3 FTE Tevatron). The Institute houses two optical telescopes and a radio Prof. E.A. Cator (o) Assistant Professors 7.2 FTE interferometer, which are used for educational activities – and to Prof. C. Dominik (e) encourage public participation. It also makes use of the faculty’s Prof. H.D.E. Falcke (p) Non-tenured mechanical and electronics workshops and the facilities of the Prof. D. Froidevaux (e) Researchers 21.4 FTE Amsterdam-based National Institute for Nuclear and High-Energy Prof. M. Gehrke (o) Doctoral candidates 38.7 FTE Physics (Nikhef). Prof. C. Giardina (e) Prof. N. de Groot (o) Research funding Collaboration Prof. P.J. Groot (o) The research questions and themes studied at IMAPP are of Prof. G.J. Heckman (o) international significance and are being worked on by scientists Prof. W.H. Hundsdorfer (e) all over the world. Hence, the research facilities and collaborations Prof. S.J. de Jong (o) are also of an international nature. Moreover, IMAPP has many Prof. R.H.P. Kleiss (o) international staff members. Prof. H.T. Koelink (o) Prof. N.P. Landsman (o) Mathematicians based in Nijmegen are involved in the NWO Prof. R. Loll (o) Core Grants Contracts mathematics clusters DIAMANT (Discrete, Interactive & Algorithmic Prof. I. Moerdijk (o) Mathematics, and Algebra & Number Theory), GQT (Geometry and Prof. B.J.J. Moonen (o) Quantum Theory) and STAR (Stochastics - Theoretical and Applied Prof. A.N.J.J. Schellekens (e) Research). Mathematicians at IMAPP make a major contribution Prof. J.V. Stokman (e) to GQT. Prof. F.W.M. Verbunt (o)

The elementary particle physics group – a partner in Nikhef – is associated with the European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN in Switzerland) and the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL in the USA). Astronomical research is carried out within the framework of the top research school NOVA and in association and in acquiring grants. Solleveld collaborated with the renowned with ASTRON, SRON and ESA. The Nijmegen group co-leads the mathematician Paul Baum and others on the Langlands Programme, EGAPS survey, leads the BlackGEM and MeerLICHT projects, is a major development in mathematics. Van Suijlekom collaborated the expertise centre for cosmic ray detection with LOFAR, and is with Fields Medallist Alain Connes on the applications of non- a member of the Virgo consortium. IMAPP particle physicists and commutative geometry to particle physics. Within IMAPP, Lands- astronomers are joint members of the Pierre Auger Observatory man and van Suijlekom also started a collaboration with Renate Collaboration in Argentina, and of Nikhef. Loll and Frank Saueressig from the Theoretical High-energy Physics Department in order to apply methods from non-commutative All researchers at the Institute are members of one of the following geometry and quantum field theory to quantum gravity. This led Dutch national research schools: Wonder (mathematics), OSAF to a successful joint proposal. Landsman reached the national (elementary particles), LOTN (theoretical physics) and NOVA press with his solution to the measurement problem in quantum (astronomy) – all accredited by the Royal Netherlands Academy mechanics, an example of which is known as ‘Schrödinger’s Cat’. of Arts and Sciences (KNAW). The department that was formerly known as ‘Algebra & Logic’ Research results has been renamed ‘Algebra & Topology’ to better reflect its current The Mathematical Physics Department continued its research research focus. Prof. Moonen started in September 2013 as the new in Symmetry, Representation Theory, Special Functions, Non­ head of this department, occupying the Chair of Algebra. His research commutative Geometry, Algebraic Groups, Quantum Groups, area is Algebraic and Arithmetic Geometry. He has already organized Algebraic Geometry, Differential Geometry, Quantum Field Theory, two international scientific meetings in Nijmegen, and in December Foundations of Quantum Mechanics, and Category Theory. Its two 2013 his student Qizheng Yin obtained his doctorate for a truly out- youngest members, Maarten Solleveld and Walter van Suijlekom, standing PhD thesis. Prof. Moonen has developed a new technique were exceptionally productive, both in publishing their research that leads to a proof of the Tate conjecture for some classes of

2013 research report 133 Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics

algebraic surfaces and, together with Qizheng Yin, he has proved glow of a gamma-ray burst using the PTF survey and the first some conjectures of O’Grady. The Spinoza Prize awarded to Prof. cosmological results from the Planck satellite that studies the Moerdijk in 2012 has given an enormous impulse to the Algebra cosmic microwave background. & Topology group. Prof. Moerdijk has brought together a group of excellent young researchers working in homotopy theory, who The IMAPP high-energy physics group which is involved in the greatly contribute to both the scientific level and the visibility of ATLAS experiment has built on the Higgs-boson discovery in 2012, the department. Prof. Moerdijk and the other members of this group publishing a total of 105 articles in 2013. Using a dataset that was have obtained numerous new results, notably on the homotopy more than double that of the discovery, the quantum numbers of theory of higher categories and infinity operads. Dr Terwijn and the new particle were determined in the WW and ZZ decay channels, PhD student Rutger Kuyper have proved a number of results in establishing that it is indeed the long sought Higgs boson. The model theory relating to measure spaces. Dr Souvignier and group also contributed to the first measurement of Higgs-boson collaborators have developed a new method that gives the production through the fusion of vector bosons. Dr Filthaut and structural conditions for the formation of twin crystals; this Prof. de Groot received a FOM Projectruimte grant to investigate has concrete applications in the study of minerals. the production of the Higgs boson in association with a pair of top quarks, which makes it possible to directly measure the important The Applied Stochastics Department made a serious effort in 2013 coupling between the Higgs boson and a top quark. Members of the to increase its scientific impact by continuing and extending its re- group also actively participated in a number of dedicated searches search at an international level. The department was reinforced by for supersymmetry (SUSY) by looking at the momentum imbalance Dr Kang, who is working on the interplay between stochastics and in the detector caused by the lightest SUSY particle, which is stable combinatorics, as well as with a postdoc and a PhD student. The and only weakly interacting. The LHC accelerator is currently under- department has also started to collaborate with other successful going an upgrade programme in order to run at a much higher research groups, including with the biostatistics group in the energy of 14 TeV in 2015. The IMAPP group is taking advantage of Radboud Medical Centre headed by Prof. Goeman, which is very this period to contribute – together with Nikhef colleagues in promising. Furthermore, Dr Maassen now works one day a week as Amsterdam – to an improved read-out of the muon system. a full professor of Quantum Probability and Quantum Information at the University of Amsterdam. The high-energy physics group which is involved in the Auger experiment aims to comprehend the physics governing air showers In 2013 the Department of Astrophysics received funding for a at the highest energies. This requires a better knowledge of the number of new projects: participation by the Netherlands in the nature of the incoming cosmic rays, a subject which is currently Cerenkov Telescope Array, led by Radboud University Nijmegen under investigation. This same work will also be important for and the University of Amsterdam; the MeerLICHT and BlackGEM addressing additional physical and astrophysical questions relating projects for optical telescopes set up to detect the optical signals to the origin of cosmic rays. The promising results based on analysis emitted by radio transients and the gravitational wave events, of the data produced by the newly installed AERA stage 2 radio respectively; and the BlackHoleCAM project to directly image the detector, in which the high-energy and astrophysics departments of event horizon of the black hole in the centre of the Milky Way IMAPP collaborate, are being worked out in several PhD projects. Galaxy. In 2013 design work started on BlackGEM and MeerLICHT, both of which are part of the Dutch ‘top’ sector High Tech Systems On the theory side, some research activities have focused on and Materials, specifically on the Advanced Instrumentation providing reliable theoretical predictions for SUSY searches at the roadmap. LHC, which involves dedicated resummation techniques for calcu- lating the sizable quantum corrections. In 2013 a big step was taken A total of 161 refereed publications were published by members of towards achieving the next level of precision in this context, which the Department of Astrophysics in 2013, including four in Nature should become the new precision standard for the upcoming LHC and Science. Specific highlights were the detection of the first pulsar searches. In addition, a new type of Callan-Symanzik equation in the near vicinity of the super-massive black hole in the centre for completely general quantum field theories was derived. This is of our Galaxy, the detection of very large-scale outflows from the expressed purely in terms of the unrenormalized parameters, and centre of the Milky Way Galaxy using radio telescopes, the detection an investigation has started into the relation between colour and of a pulsar that switches between radio emission and X-ray emission momentum flow in multi-particle QCD processes using the in a very unexpected way, the detection of a new type of X-ray programme package CAMGEN/CAMORRA. transient in the near-by galaxy M86, the first systematic sample of cosmic-rays found in the radio using the LOFAR telescope, a The recently started research activities in quantum gravity have systematic study of the young stellar population in the Tarantula gathered pace with the appointment of Dr Saueressig. The focus nebula in the Large Magellanic Cloud, the first ever orphan after- is on finding a fundamental theory of quantum gravity using a

134 radboud university nijmegen Prof. Eric Cator (Professor of Applied Stochastics) designed and taught a statistics course for secondary school teachers and he participated in the Google Curriculum on Mathematics, an important initiative designed to intro- duce innovative teaching in secondary schools.

purely quantum field theoretical approach. Its main tools are • PhD student Marianne Heida received a Radboud Frye renormalization-group techniques and non-perturbative lattice Stipendium for outstanding female PhD students. methods known as Causal Dynamical Triangulations. This ‘mini- malist’ ansatz has led to some very notable advances recently, Societal impact including the unprecedented discovery of a second-order phase IMAPP is involved in research at the forefront of science and is transition in the lattice formulation, a prerequisite for the existence training researchers for academia, government and industry. It is of a well-defined continuum theory. The involvement of researchers essential for society to have well-trained researchers. IMAPP’s from both theoretical high-energy physics and mathematical research is related to fundamental questions about the universe physics in this programme, which is funded by FOM, underlines and the building blocks of nature. Many results will only reveal their the added value of the scientific breadth at the IMAPP. full impact in future decades, but they could then have far-reaching consequences, changing the way we view the world. IMAPP plays an Awards and acknowledgements important role in national discussions on science and mathematics • Prof. Falcke received an ERC Synergy Grant in secondary education. Prof. Cator taught a statistics course for • Prof. Loll, Prof. Ambjorn, Prof. Landsman, Dr Saueressig and high school teachers and he participated in the Google Curriculum Dr van Suijlekom obtained a joint FOM Vrij Programma grant on Mathematics, an important initiative designed to introduce • Prof. de Groot and Dr Filthaut received a FOM Projectruimte innovative teaching in high schools. Involvement with Pre- grant Univer­sity College, the Mathematics Tournament, the HiSPARC • Dr van Suijlekom received an NWO Vidi grant project, monthly observation nights, and the national Kangoeroe • Prof. Cator received an NWO Vrije Competitie grant mathematics competition, will continue. In 2013 the leading • Prof. Groot received an NWO Vrije Competitie grant Dutch newspaper de Volkskrant published interviews with Prof. • Prof. Landsman received an NWO Vrije Competitie grant Falcke, Prof. Landsman and Prof. Loll. • Dr Müger received an NWO Vrije Competitie grant • Dr Solleveld received an NWO TOP2 grant The recent connection of the Applied Stochastics Department with • Dr Saueressig received a FOM Projectruimte grant the biostatistics group is bound to have an impact on important • Prof. Landsman received a grant from the Templeton World health-related statistical problems. The Statistical Helpdesk is Charity Foundation successful and will be further expanded in 2014. • Dr Martin-Benito received an NWO Veni grant • Dr Gryb also received an NWO Veni grant Future research • Prof. Falcke and Prof. Loll were elected to the Academia Europaea With proposals for the BlackHoleCAM, MeerLICHT, BlackGEM • Prof. de Groot and collaborators received a FOM Programma and CTA projects approved, these will become a focal point for grant for the LHC research in the Astrophysics Department in the years ahead. In the • Prof. de Groot and Dr Filthaut received a Radboud Science Award context of the Dutch ‘top’ sector High-Tech Systems & Materials for working on the discovery of the Higgs boson we expect to see further developments in advanced instrumenta- • Mr Balster received the Radboud University Bronze Medal for his tion on light-weight carbon-fibre mirrors and structures, in green longstanding outreach activities computing, also in collaboration with IBM, and in renewable

2013 research report 135 Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics

Key publications

Aad, G., Besjes, G.J., Caron, S., Dao, V., Groot, N. de, Filthaut, F., Davydov, A., Muger, M., Nikshych, D. & Ostrik, V. (2013). The Witt Klok, P.F., König, A.C & Salvucci, A. (2013). Evidence for the spin-0 group of non-degenerate braided fusion categories. Journal für die nature of the Higgs boson using ATLAS data. Physics Letters B, Reine und Angewandte Mathematik, 677, 135-177. 726(1–3), 120-144. Eatough, R.P., Falcke, H.D.E., Karuppusamy, R., Lee, K.J., Champion, Aad, G., Besjes, G.J., Caron, S., Dao, V., Groot, N. de, Filthaut, F., D.J., Keane, E.F., Desvignes, G., Schnitzler, D.H.F.M., Spitler, L.G., Klok, P.F., König, A.C & Salvucci, A. (2013). Measurements of Higgs Kramer, M., Klein, B., Bassa, C., Bower, G.C., Brunthaler, A., Cognard, boson production and couplings in diboson final states with the I., Deller, A.T., Demorest, P.B., Freire, P.C.C., Kraus, A., Lyne, A.G., ATLAS detector at the LHC. Physics Letters B, 726(1-3), 88-119. Noutsos, A., Stappers, B. & Wex, N. (2013). A strong magnetic field around the supermassive black hole at the centre of the Galaxy. Abreu, H., Aminaei, A., Coppens, J., Jong, S.J. de, Falcke, H., Grebe, Nature, 501(7467), 391-394. S., Horandel, J.R., Jiraskova, S., Kelley, J.L., Nelles, A., Schoorlemmer, H. & Timmermans, C. (2013). Ultrahigh energy neutrinos at the Jordan, S. & Loll, R. (2013). Causal Dynamical Triangulations without pierre auger observatory. Advances in high energy physics, 2013, preferred foliation. Physics Letters B, 724(1-3), 155-159. 708680(1)-708680(18). Miller-Jones, J.C.A., Sivakoff, G.R., Knigge, C., Körding, E.G., Templeton, Beenakker, W.J.P., Janssen, T., Lepoeter, S., Kramer, M., Kulesza, A., M. & Waagen, E.O. (2013). An Accurate Geometric Distance to the Laenen, E., Niessen, I., Thewes, S. & Daal, T. Van (2013). Towards Compact Binary SS Cygni Vindicates Accretion Disc Theory. Science, nnll resummation: Hard matching coefficients for squark and gluino 340(6135), 950-952. hadroproduction. Journal of High Energy Physics, 2013(10), 120(1)- 120(26). Schellart, P., Nelles, A., Buitink, S., Corstanje, A., Enriquez, J.E., Falcke, H., Hörandel, J.R., Krause, M., Veen, S. ter, Zensus, A. & et al., Calcagni, G., Eichhorn, A. & Saueressig, F.S. (2013). Probing the (2013). Detecting cosmic rays with the lofar radio telescope. quantum nature of spacetime by diffusion. Physical Review D, 87(12), Astronomy & Astrophysics, 560, A98(1)-A98(14). 124028(1)-124028(14). Schreiber, U. & Waldorf, K. (2013). Connections on non-abelian Carretti, E., Crocker, R.M., Staveley-Smith, L., Haverkorn, M., Purcell, gerbes and their holonomy. Theory and Applications of Categories, C., Gaensler, B.M., Bernardi, G., Kesteven, M.J. & Poppi, S. (2013). 28, 476-540. Giant magnetized outflows from the centre of the Milky Way. Nature, 493(7430), 66-69. Dissertations: 12 Cator, E. & Pimentel, L.P.R. (2013). Busemann functions and the Scientific publications: 434 speed of a second class particle in the rarefaction fan. The Annals Professional publications: 2 of Probability, 41(4), 2401-2425.

Chamseddine, A.H., Connes, A. & Suijlekom, W.D. van (2013). Inner fluctuations in noncommutative geometry without the first order condition. Journal of Geometry and Physics, 73(November), 222-234.

Cisinski, D.C. & Moerdijk, I. (2013). Dendroidal sets and simplicial operads. Journal of Topology, 6(3), 705-756.

136 radboud university nijmegen Director: Prof. Erik Koelink Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics Erik Koelink, who graduated from Leiden University and has worked at the National Postal address Aerospace Laboratory in Amsterdam, PO Box 9010 Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, University 6500 GL Nijmegen of Amsterdam, and Delft University of The Netherlands Technology, became Professor of Analysis at Radboud University Nijmegen in 2007. Visiting address His research focuses on the interaction Heyendaalseweg 135 between the representation theory of Lie 6525 AJ Nijmegen algebras and quantum groups on the one hand and special functions on the other, T: +31 (0)24 365 20 99 with applications in mathematical physics. F: +31 (0)24 365 21 91 He is a member of the NWO cluster E: [email protected] Geometry and Quantum Theory. I: www.ru.nl/imapp

energy systems for high-demand computations. Large datasets require more sophisticated statistical tools for identifying outliers and ensuring robust analysis. Collaboration within IMAPP (Applied Stochastics) and within FNWI is being set up, leading ultimately to a national ‘Computational AstroStatistics’ programme.

Within the experimental high-energy physics group, momentum- imbalance reconstruction algorithms will be developed to be run on a new topological processor of the first ATLAS trigger level. This new online selection method will be commissioned before the restart of data acquisition to ensure that events that are interesting for this project are recorded. In addition, the search potential for new physics at a high-luminosity LHC upgrade will be investigated. The theoretical researches for SUSY and quantum gravity will be extended.

The mathematical physics department will concentrate on methods originating in the mathematical foundations and analysis of quan- tum theory, applying these in quantum information theory, non- commutative geometry, theoretical physics and in pure mathematics. The Algebra & Topology group expects to profit from cross-fertiliza- tion between Topology and Algebraic Geometry, as for instance in the theory of Motives and applications of derived categories. In the near future the Applied Stochastics group will focus on greater cooperation, both within IMAPP and within the Science Faculty.

2013 research report 137 Institute for Computing and Information Sciences

An experimental design used to study the vulnerability, safety and security of digital systems such as those used in smart cards.

While computing is becoming increasingly pervasive, The Institute for Computing and Information Sciences (iCIS) was there are growing problems with software in terms established to improve the fundamentals of software development via formal, mathematically founded theories, methods and tools of security (breaches of information access restric- that support the specification, design, analysis and evaluation of tions or privacy), reliability (the system behaves computer-based systems. Research aims include improving the erratically), safety (use of the system is harmful), quality of software, with an emphasis on enhancing reliability, trustworthiness (low reliability of system services), security, architectures and system alignment. The quality of the research remains very high, resulting in many Netherlands Organisa- efficiency (the system is unable to handle problems tion for Scientific Research (NWO) grants in 2013, including three of a particular size) and conformity with require- NWO Venis for Dr Alexandra Silva, Dr Peter Schwabe and Dr Sicco ments. The inherent complexity of computer-based Verwer, an ASPASIA for Dr Lejla Batina and a TOP grant for Dr Elena artefacts – together with the slow pace of software Marchiori. Work at the Institute is inspired by problems encoun- tered in society as well as by issues arising in other disciplines. development, high costs and strong competitive pressures – further complicates the search for Members of the Institute advocate open source software as well as solutions. (digital) security by design and openness (in contrast with security through obscurity). In the same spirit, iCIS promotes a culture of openness when dealing with scientific integrity. Work in progress (papers, research proposals and research methodology) is discussed

138 radboud university nijmegen regularly in small meetings within the institute, which are open Staff to every iCIS member. Software and data are made freely available whenever possible. Security weaknesses that have been spotted are Prof. H.P. Barendregt (o) Tenured first reported to the companies or authorities involved before they Prof. E. Barendsen (p) Full Professors 3.9 FTE are made public. Prof. J.H. Geuvers (o) Associate Professors 2.2 FTE Prof. T.M. Heskes (o) Assistant Professors 3.8 FTE Research within iCIS is organized within three themes: Prof. M. Hildebrandt (p) Prof. J.J.M. Hooman (o) Non-tenured Model Based System Development (MBSD) Prof. B.P.F. Jacobs (o) Researchers 13.9 FTE The approach used is to explore various formal methods for model Prof. N. Karssemeijer (e) Doctoral candidates 32.8 FTE construction, implementation, testing and validation, with the Prof. W. Kraaij (e) explicit aim of bridging the gap between theory and practice through Prof. M.J. Plasmeijer (o) Research funding collaboration with stakeholders from industry, in other application Prof. H.A. Proper (e) areas and in companies. Prof. J.J.M.M. Rutten (e) Prof. F.W. Vaandrager (o) Digital Security (DS) Prof. E.R. Verheul (e) Researchers develop theories and formal methods, which they use Prof. J.M.W. Visser (e) to analyze and improve the security of the digital world. The scope Prof. Th.P. van der Weide (o) of the research includes software and hardware (in particular Prof. H. Zantema (e) smartcards and RFID), identity management, security protocols, Core Grants Contracts applied crypto, quantum computation and legal aspects.

Intelligent Systems (IS) The aim here is to develop and apply intelligent systems that are able to learn knowledge and reason with it. The long-term research goal is aligning computer-based intelligent systems with their users, answering questions such as how to optimally combine knowledge from human experts with measurement data, how to enable users to guide computerized proof assistants and how to let humans profit optimally from this large repository of structured knowledge.

Collaboration International cooperation is an essential part of the work done at iCIS, because developments in computing take place around the ‘Agora’. The group has also obtained a variety of results on coinduc- globe. Partners include the Dutch Ministry of Internal Affairs for tion and coalgebra, notably providing coalgebraic descriptions of a project on business process reengineering (BPR), the University language equivalence and studying language determination. Prof. of Grenoble Joseph Fourier, France (Tarot), KU Leuven (EU project Barendregt – working together with Profs. Dekkers and Statman – FutureID, ESF Cost network TRUDEVICE), IBM Research Zurich finalized the handbook ‘Lambda Calculus with Types’ (833 pp), (EU project FutureID), Makerere University Kampala, Uganda which was published by Cambridge University Press. (NUFFIC), TNO Delft, the Netherlands, Aalburg University, Denmark (Artist2) and Océ Technologies, Venlo, the Netherlands Prof. Heskes’s Machine Learning group is involved in three EU (Octopus), the Dutch Foundation for Internet Domain Registra- projects that are designed to reveal the causal mechanisms behind tion (SIDN), the Dutch Banking Association (NVB, Amsterdam), complex diseases. Within these projects, the Machine Learning Radboudumc (ParkinsonNext project), Thales and TNO-ESI, group’s task is to develop new techniques for data fusion and Eindhoven (Metis) and TILT (University of Tilburg). causal analysis that make use of all available data to obtain a better understanding of the aetiology of the disease and to derive putative Research results biomarkers. The group continued the successful line of research on Prof. Herman Geuvers’ team has worked on a variety of methods causal discovery. In causal discovery, the goal is to learn the structure and tools relating to proof assistants. They have redefined dependent of causal processes ‘(‘smoking causes ‘cancer’) from observations type theory in a ‘context free’ fashion, which is important for ‘(‘correlation between smoking and ‘cancer’). Tom Claassen’s implementations of type theory as a proof assistant. The MathWiki PhD thesis, on a logical approach towards causal discovery, received system was developed further, leading to a first prototype called a cum laude distinction. In collaboration with researchers at the

2013 research report 139 Institute for Computing and Information Sciences

Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Heskes’s big healthcare datasets. This research was done in close collabora- group developed novel probabilistic methods for inferring brain tion with NIVEL. In addition, an NWO Free Competition grant was networks from diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging awarded to explore our new idea of state-based Bayesian network (DWI) as well as resting state functional magnetic resonance structure learning. Work on new frameworks of probabilistic logic imaging (fMRI) time series. also continued, both at the fundamental level and in the context of surveillance applications (in collaboration with Thales). In collaboration with the Microbiology group at the University, Dr Marchiori’s team developed a method for improving the retrieval Research on privacy-friendly authentication using attributes under of anammox bacterial genome from metagenomes. Furthermore, the name IRMA (I Reveal My Attributes; see irmacard.org) led to in collaboration with the Netherlands Brain Bank group, the several publications, not only about the mathematical foundation team analyzed brain data from donors with multiple sclerosis, of anonymous credentials and efficient implementation on smart- using machine learning techniques in order to reveal associations cards, but also about the eco-system for attribute-based authentica- between brain lesions and gender. The results indicated the presence tion. This eco-system is now being tested in a small student pilot of significant associations between brain lesions and gender in among students doing the Kerckhoff Security Master’s programme. multiple sclerosis. Dr Marchiori’s team continued to perform Research on embedded security under the supervision of Dr Lejla research on methods for the study of complex systems described Batina in new STW and NWO projects has led to the establishment by means of networks. of a security lab for side-channel analysis. Dr Peter Schwabe was awarded an NWO Veni grant to investigate super-fast safe crypto. In 2012 Prof. Rinus Plasmeijer’s team introduced a new program- ming paradigm called Task Oriented Programming, which should The ERC advanced grant ‘Quantum Computation, Logic, and make developing distributed web-enabled multi-user systems much ‘Security’ started in 2013. Three new PhD students and one post- easier. In 2013 this team continued working on an implementation doc, together with Prof. Bart Jacobs as Principal Investigator, have of this idea, the iTask system, in order to be able to develop more begun work on this new field. Robert Furber MSc and Prof. Bart realistic applications in collaboration with industry partners. Jacobs published a paper at CALCO’13 showing that the category Practical applicability has been investigated in two areas. The Dutch of commutative C*-algebras with positive unital maps can be Coast Guard uses the iTask system to design a new prototype for described as a Kleisli category of a monad. This result is interesting ‘coordinating ‘Search and ‘Rescue’. And TNO has been using the as it connects the mathematical work on C*-algebra in quantum iTask system to investigate new ways of working on Navy Vessels and probability theory to categorical notions such as monads in the hope that these can be operated with a much smaller crew. (as in program semantics). TNO has decided to use the system as a standard tool for this type of investigations. Research on ‘Privacy by Design’ carried out within the Privacy & Identity Lab identified eight privacy design strategies, which were The research in Prof. Frits Vaandrager’s team on automata learning presented at the Privacy Law Scholars Conference at Berkeley and is highly relevant in the security setting, as it makes it possible to published in the journal Computer Law & Security Review. These obtain models of the behaviour of malware (botnets, for instance) strategies can be used to take privacy into account from the early and to discover security vulnerabilities in the communication pro- stages of designing new information systems. tocols that are used in for instance bank cards. Significant funding has been obtained to continue research in this area through an The paper ‘Dismantling Megamos Crypto: Wirelessly Lockpicking NWO Veni grant for Dr Sicco Verwer, an NWO Free Competition a Vehicle ‘Immobilizer’ by Flavio Garcia, Roel Verdult, and Baris Ege proposal ALSEP, and a project LEMMA that was funded in the was accepted for the USENIX Security Symposium, but had to be context of NWO’s Cyber Security programme. withdrawn from publication following legal proceedings in the UK.

The research in Prof. Peter Lucas’ team on eHealth continued in Research on applying state machine learning to security analysis collaboration with clinical partners from Radboudumc. The aim – in collaboration between the DS and MBSD groups – was success- of this research is to empower patients while improving the quality fully applied to automate the security analysis of EMV bank cards of health-care and reducing its costs. Patients are supported by and of smartcard readers used for Internet banking. smartphones equipped with an intelligent reasoning engine that can interpret signs, symptoms and sensor data (blood pressure, As a follow-up to earlier research carried out in the Laboratory for lung function and the results of biochemical lab tests) and offer Quality Software (LaQuSo), which revealed security weaknesses feedback on their health status. The new concept of a multi-level in Blackboard Learn, a countermeasure was designed which was Bayesian network, introduced by iCIS in 2012, offers useful tools presented at NordSec2013. This countermeasure is also being tested for exploring the temporal evolution of disease interaction in very to secure the University’s own Blackboard website.

140 radboud university nijmegen Dr Lejla Batina (Assistant Professor of Digital Security) obtained both an NWO and a STW grant for research on side- channel analysis and on fast, safe imple- mentations of cryptography. She also received an NWO Aspasia grant (designed to encourage female researchers to make a career in science).

Societal impact which advises the Dutch Cabinet on cyber security issues and The Institute’s impact is evident in various projects that were de- Dr Hoepman is a member of the Dutch commission on electronic signed to improve the quality of software. Examples include those voting ‘Electronisch stemmen in het stemlokaal’ set up by the in the medical field (developing new tools and techniques to ana- Ministery of the Interior. Further evidence of societal relevance lyse and describe clinical and pathological data which can be used and impact is the fact that the Dutch Banking Association (NVB, to understand and improve the prognosis, diagnosis and treatment Nederlandse Vereniging van Banken) now funds a part-time chair of several diseases, such as neuro-degenerative diseases, testing in Information Security (Prof. Verheul). Bayesian techniques ‘mindfulness’, etc.) and model checking, together with Océ and developed at iCIS are being used to combine data with background ASML. A 2nd Phase STW Valorisation grant was awarded to Prof. knowledge, for instance to localize sources of activity in the brain Peter Lucas to move towards the market introduction of a smart- and to improve the performance of brain-computer interfaces. phone app that will support COPD patients in detecting any The iCIS ‘Web Deduction’ system (www.prover.cs.ru.nl) is used worsening of their condition. to teach logic in a number of courses at several universities.

Cyber security and privacy are increasingly important in today’s Future research information society. Public interest in these topics continues to Research on side-channel analysis and on fast and safe imple­ grow, making headlines in the news almost on a daily basis. The mentations of cryptography will intensify following the start of Digital Security group not only addresses these concerns through the new NWO and STW projects led by Dr Batina, the Veni grant its research, but also plays an active role in public debates on these of Dr Schwabe, and the European Science Foundation (ESF) issues. The group’s expertise is in heavy demand from both the COST network TRUDEVICE. A new EU project USEMP will start public and private sector, on topics such as the smart grid researching online social networks. USIMP will use legal, socio­ (especially smart electricity meters and smart charging of electric logical and computer science techniques to provide transparency vehicles), the security of web applications (including the Black- on the economic value of personal data. More research on the board learning system, which is also used at this University), privacy and security of personal data, in particular medical data, electronic payment systems, electronic voting, and identity cards. will be carried out in the recently started ParkinsonNext project, Many of these consultations happen through short-term contract in collaboration with Radboudumc, among others. PhD defences research projects via LaQuSo. Moreover, TenneT, the national for two joint doctorates with the University of Leuven will take electricity transmission operator in the Netherlands and much place early in 2014. Dr Marchiori’s team will continue to work on of Germany now funds a PhD student in the group, and research analysing complex systems represented by graphs. The focus will be has started on the privacy and security of medical data in a new on theoretical foundations of graph clustering and applications in collaboration with Radboudumc (the ParkinsonNext project). life sciences and social and economic sciences. Multi-disciplinary Prof. Jacobs is a member of the National Cyber Security Council, research on e-health and bio-informatics will be further consolidated

2013 research report 141 Institute for Computing and Information Sciences

Key publications

Aarts, F., Kuppens, H., Tretmans, G.J., Vaandrager, F.W. & Verwer, Koops, B-J., Hoepman, J.-H. & Leenes, R. (2013). Open-source S.E. (2013). Improving active mealy machine learning for protocol intelligence and privacy by design. Computer Law +ACY- Security conformance testing. Machine Learning, 2013(October), 1-36. Review, 29(6), 676-688.

Barendregt, H.P., Manzonetto, G. & Plasmeijer, R. (2013). The Laarhoven, T.M. van & Marchiori, E. (2013). Graph clustering with imperative and functional programming paradigm. In B. Cooper & J. local search optimization: The resolution bias of the objective van Leeuwen (Eds.), Alan Turing: His Work and Impact (pp. 121-138). function matters most. Physical Review E, 87(1), 012812(1)-012812(10). S.l.: Elsevier. Silva, A., Bonchi, F., Bonsangue, M.M. & Rutten, J. (2013). General- Claassen, T., Mooij, Joris & Heskes, T. (2013). Learning sparse causal izing determinization from automata to coalgebras. Logical Methods models is not NP-hard. In A. Nicholson (Ed.), Uncertainty In Artificial in Computer Science, 9(1), 9(1)-9(27). Intelligence : proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Conference (2013), July 12-14, Bellevue, Washington, United States (pp. 172-181). Corvallis: Michels, S., Hommersom, A.J., Lucas, P.J.F., Velikova, M.V. & AUIA Press. Koopman, P. (2013). Inference for a New Probabilistic Constraint Logic. In F. Rossi (Ed.), IJCAI-13: Proceedings of the Twenty-Third Das, A., Ege, B., Ghosh, S., Batina, L. & Verbauwhede, I. (2013). International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence Beijing, China, Security analysis of industrial test compression schemes. IEEE 3–9 August 2013 (pp. 2540-2543). Menlo Park, CA: AAAI Press. Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, 32(12), 1966-1977. Sappelli, M., Verberne, S. & Kraaij, W. (2013). Recommending personalized touristic sights using Google Places. In Proceedings Furber, R. & Jacobs, B. (2013). From kleisli categories to commutative of the 36th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research c *-algebras: Probabilistic gelfand duality. In R. Heckel & S. Milius and Development in Information Retrieval (pp. 781-784). ACM. (Eds.), Algebra and coalgebra in computer science (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 8089) (pp. 141-157). Berlin: Springer. Dissertations: 13 Geuvers, H., Krebbers, R.J. & McKinna, J. (2013). The lambda Scientific publications: 254 mu(T)-calculus. Annals of Pure and Applied Logic, 164(6), 676-701.

Heijden, M. van der, Lucas, P.J.F., Lijnse, B, Heijdra, Y.F. & Schermer, T.R.J. (2013). An autonomous mobile system for the management of COPD. Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 46(3), 458-69.

Hildebrandt, M. (2013). Balance or Trade-off? Online Security Technologies and Fundamental Rights. Philosophy & Technology, 2013(May), 1-23.

Houben, F., Igna, G. & Vaandrager, F. (2013). Modeling task systems using parameterized partial orders. International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer (STTT), 15(3), 269-286.

Kersten, R., Gastel, B. van, Drijvers, M., Smetsers, S. & Eekelen, M.C.J.D. van (2013). Using model-checking to reveal a vulnerability of tamper-evident pairing. In G. Brat, N. Rungta & A. Venet (Eds.), NASA Formal Methods: 5th International Symposium, NFM 2013, Moffett Field, CA, USA, May 14-16, 2013. Proceedings (pp. 63-77). Berlin: Springer.

142 radboud university nijmegen Director: Prof. Tom Heskes Institute for Computing and Information Sciences Tom Heskes has been a professor since 2008, specializing in Artificial Intelligence, Postal address in particular Bayesianmachine learning. PO Box 9010 Since 2007 he has been a Principal 6500 GL Nijmegen Investigator at the Institute for Computing The Netherlands and Information Sciences and an Affiliated Principal Investigator at the Donders Centre Visiting address for Neuroscience. He won a prestigious Vici Huygens building grant from the Netherlands Organization Heyendaalseweg 135 for Scientific Research in 2006 and is Editor- 6525 AJ Nijmegen in-Chief of the journal Neuro­computing. T: +31 (0)24 365 26 43 E: [email protected] I: www.ru.nl/icis

through ongoing collaborations with Radboudumc, in particular within the Centre for Systems Biology and Bioenergetics. Several newly collaborations, with the Dutch brain bank (Alzheimer) and within the EU projects TACTICS (obsessive-compulsive disorders) and OPTIMISTIC (myotonic dystrophy), will support the develop- ment of data mining and machine learning algorithms to gain insight into disease progression and the causes underlying brain diseases. Further e-health research, including those on the self- management of chronic diseases, will move towards implementation in clinical practice. In collaboration with commercial companies, modelling workflows and active learning of software components will be taken to the next level, both in theory and in practice.

2013 research report 143 Glossary

(e) Extraordinary chair KWF Koningin Wilhelmina Fonds – Dutch Cancer (o) Ordinary chair Foundation (p) Personal chair MPI Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, BSI Behavioural Science Institute Nijmegen CLS Centre for Language Studies NCEBP Nijmegen Centre for Evidence-Based Practice CMBI Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics NCMLS Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences CMR Centrum voor Migratierecht – Centre for NHS Nederlandse Hartstichting – Netherlands Heart Migration Law Foundation CNR Centrum voor Notarieel Recht – Centre for NIAS Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study Notarial Law NIH National Institutes of Health DCC Donders Centre for Cognition NISCO Nijmegen Institute for Social & Cultural Research DCCN Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging NSM Nijmegen School of Management (i.e. Faculty of DCN Donders Centre for Neuroscience Management Studies) DFG Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft – German NWO Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Research Foundation Onderzoek – Netherlands Organisation for DFN Diabetes Fonds Nederland – Dutch Diabetes Scientific Research Research Foundation N4i Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation DI Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and and Immunity Behaviour OO&R Onderzoekscentrum voor Onderneming & Recht ERC European Research Council – Business and Law Research Centre ESF European Science Foundation PTR Research Institute for Philosophy, Theology and FELICE Free Electron Laser for IntraCavity Experiments Religious Studies FELIX Free Electron Laser Infrared eXperiments RIO Research Institute for Oncology FLARE Free-electron Laser for Advanced spectroscopy Spinoza The most prestigious prize for scientists in the and high Resolution Experiments Prize Netherlands who are the highest-achieving FOM Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der researchers, awarded by NWO Materie – Foundation for Fundamental Research SteR Onderzoekscentrum voor Staat en Recht on Matter (Netherlands) – Centre for State and Law FP7 EU Framework Programme 7 STW Technologiestichting STW – Technology FTE Full-time equivalent Foundation STW (Netherlands) FTE 1st Full-time equivalent for research directly funded Radboudumc Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre by government (core funding) Veni grant Personal grant from NWO awarded over a period FTE 2nd Full-time equivalent for research funded by KNAW of three years to researchers who have recently or NWO (research grants) obtained their PhD, to allow them to continue to FTE 3rd Full-time equivalent for research funded by other develop their work public and/or private organizations (contract Vidi grant Personal grant from NWO awarded over a period research) of five years to researchers who wish to develop an HFML High Field Magnet Laboratory innovative line of research in which they appoint HLCS Institute for Historical, Literary and Cultural Studies one or more co-researchers ICIS Institute for Computing and Information Sciences Vici grant Personal grant from NWO awarded over a period IGMD Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Diseases of five years to senior researchers who wish to IMAPP Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and establish their own research group Particle Physics ZonMw ZorgOnderzoek Nederland NWO Medische IMM Institute for Molecules and Materials Wetenschappen – Netherlands Organisation IMR Institute for Management Research for Health Research and Development IRUN International Research Universities Network IWWR Institute for Water and Wetland Research KNAW Koninklijke Nederlandse Academie van Wetenschappen – Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences

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